Quadrastichus Erythrinae Kim

Copy Link

Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim

Unusual growths caused on leaves and young shoots of coral trees (Erythrina spp.) alerts to the presence of Erythrina gall wasp (Quadrastichus erythrinae) a gall-forming eulophid wasp, that measures a mere 1.5mm and may be spread easily via infected leaves from infected Erythrina specimens. A newly described species Q. erythrinae is believed to be native to Africa. It is now a serious pest of Erythrina trees in the tropics

and sub-tropics; it was first collected in Florida on coral trees

Erythrina variegata, it is now reported in Miami and Hawaii, also known from Singapore, Mauritius and Reunion. Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, India, Thailand, Philippines, American Samoa, Guam and in the Amami Islands and Okinawa in Japan Erythrina spp. have a variety of functions in different locations.

In Taiwan they are highly associated with farming and fishing

activities. As indicated by its Latin name “erythros” meaning red,

its obvious red flowers have been used as a sign of the arrival of spring and as a working calendar by tribal peoples. Specifically, the blooming of its showy red flowers signal to the coastal people to begin their ceremonies for catching flying fish, and for another

people (the Puyama people) to plant sweet potatoes (Yang et al. 2004). The Erythrina gall wasp infests E. variegata, E. crista-galli and the

native E. sandwicensis in Hawaii (Heu et al. 2006). E. sandwicensi,

known as the wiliwili tree, is endemic to Hawaii and a keystone species in Hawaii’s lowland dry forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world.

Photo credit: Kim & Forest Starr

Short-term control options are limited. The application of a systemic insecticide appears to have been partly effective in protecting highly valued individual trees in Hawaii. The Hawaii Department of Agriculture released a biocontrol agent, the parasite Eurytoma erythrinae to control the Erythrina gall wasp in 2008.

References:

Heu, R.A., Tsuda, D.M., Nagamine, W.T., Yalemar, J.A. and Suh, T.H. (2006) Erythrina gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), New Pest Advisory. Department of Agriculture: Manoa (Hawaii). Yang, M., Tung, G., La Salle, J. and Wu, M. (2004) Outbreak of Erythrina gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Erythrina spp. (Fabaceae) in Taiwan.

Click here to view archives of previous weeks’ species

Recommended publications

Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus Erythrinae Kim, in Florida

FDACS-P-01700 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Charles H. Bronson, Commissioner of Agriculture Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, in Florida James Wiley, [email protected], Taxonomic Entomologist, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Divsion of Plant Industry Paul Skelley, [email protected], Taxonomic Entomologist, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry INTRODUCTION: Galls of the eulophid erythrina gall wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim 2004, were first collected in Florida by Edward Putland and Olga Garcia (Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry) on Erythrina variegata L. in Miami-Dade County at the Miami Metro Zoo on October 15, 2006. Erythrina variegata, also known as coral tree, tiger’s claw, Japanese coral tree, Indian coral tree, and wiliwili-haole, is noted for its seasonal showy red flowers and variegated leaves. It is an ornamental landscape tree widely planted in the southern part of the state. Erythrina is a large genus with approximately 110 different species worldwide. In addition to Erythrina variegata, the erythrina gall wasp has been collected on E. crista-galli L., E. sandwicensis Deg., and E. stricta Roxb. It is uncertain at this time how many species of Erythrina the erythrina gall wasp may attack in Florida. DISTRIBUTION: The erythrina gall wasp is believed to have originated in Africa, but this remains uncertain. It was described (Kim et al 2004) from specimens from Singapore, Mauritius, and Reunion. In the past two years, it has spread to China, India, Taiwan, Philippines, and Hawaii (Heu et al 2006; Schmaedick et al 2006; ISSG 2006).
Effect of Temperature on Life History of Quadrastichus Haitiensis

Biological Control 36 (2006) 189–196 www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Effect of temperature on life history of Quadrastichus haitiensis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an endoparasitoid of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) J. Castillo a, J.A. Jacas b,*, J.E. Penã a, B.J. Ulmer a, D.G. Hall c a University of Florida/IFAS, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th Street, Homestead, FL 33031, USA b Departament de Cie`ncies Experimentals, Universitat Jaume I, Campus del Riu Sec, E-12071-Castello´ de la Plana, Spain c USDA, USRHL, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA Received 9 May 2005; accepted 26 September 2005 Available online 13 December 2005 Abstract The influence of temperature on life history traits of the egg parasitoid Quadrastichus haitiensis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was investigated in the laboratory on eggs of the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Duration of devel- opment from egg to adult decreased from 39.99 ± 0.27 days to 13.57 ± 0.07 days (mean ± SE) as temperature increased from 20 to 33 °C, respectively. No development was observed at 5–15 °C. Fecundity was highest at 25 and 30 °C (70–73 eggs per female) but was reduced at 33 °C (21.5 eggs per female). Oviposition rate was also reduced at 33 °C. Q. haitiensis accepted host eggs from 0 to 7 days old for oviposition but was most prolific when parasitizing 1- to 4-day-old eggs. Very few adult Q. haitiensis emerged from host eggs that were 5–7 days old, however, D. abbreviatus egg mortality was similar for eggs 0–7 days old.
Wiliwili Gall Wasp Invasion Length: One Class Period with Optional Homework Assignment

Activity #6 Invasive Species Unit 3 Activity #6 Wiliwili Gall Wasp Invasion Length: One class period with optional homework assignment Prerequisite Activity: None Objectives: • Trace the path of the 2005 wiliwili gall wasp invasion on Maui using real-life data. • Identify vectors ad pathways that facilitate the spread of invasive species. • Devise strategies for stopping an invasive pest. • Predict the efficacy of control strategies, based on existing and plausible environmental factors. Vocabulary: biological control (or biocontrol) Erythrina gall wasp (EGW) deciduous vector dormancy ••• Class Period One: Exploring the Gall Wasp Invasion on Google Earth In Advance This exercise requires access to Google Earth (free software available for download at www.earth. google.com) and the Wiliwili Gall Wasp Hoike.kmz file (included with this curriculum and available for download at www.hoikecurriculum.org). It’s best to pre-load computers with the program and file, rather than use class time to do so. Ideally students will work in small groups at their own computers as you lead them through the lesson, using a projector and screen. If that’s not possible, a single computer and projector will suffice. Prior to teaching the lesson, open Google Earth. If you’re using the software for the first time, take a few moments to learn how zoom, pan, search, etc. using the “Navigating Google Earth” tutorial avail- able at www.earth.google.com. It is best, though not necessary, to use Google Earth while connected to the Internet. Explore the Wiliwili Gall
A New Species of Quadrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): a Gall-Inducing Pest on Erythrina (Fabaceae)

J. HYM. RES. Vol. 13(2), 2004, pp. 243–249 A New Species of Quadrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): A Gall-inducing Pest on Erythrina (Fabaceae) IL-KWON KIM, GERARD DELVARE, AND JOHN LA SALLE (IKK, JLS) CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; email: [email protected] (GD) CIRAD TA 40L, Campus International de Baillarguet-Csiro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; email: [email protected] Abstract.—Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim sp.n. is described from Singapore, Mauritius and Re´- union. This species forms galls on the leaves, stems, petioles and young shoots of Erythrina var- iegata and E. fusca in Singapore, on the leaves of E. indica in Mauritius, and on Erythrina sp. in Re´union. It can cause extensive damage to the trees. Key words.—Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Quadrastichus, phytophagous, gall inducer, Singapore, Mauritius, Erythrina, Fabaceae Species of Eulophidae are mainly para- 1988; Redak and Bethke 1995; Headrick et sitoids, but secondary phytophagy in the al. 1995); Epichrysocharis burwelli Schauff form of gall induction has arisen on many (Schauff and Garrison 2000); and Leptocybe occasions (Boucˇek 1988; La Salle 1994; invasa Fisher & La Salle (Mendel et al. Headrick et al. 1995; Mendel et al. 2004; 2004). Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim sp.n. La Salle 2004). Gall-inducing Eulophidae has recently achieved pest status in Sin- generally belong to two groups: Opheli- gapore, Mauritius and Re´union. Erythrina mini is an Australian lineage which con- trees have been grown in these areas for sists mainly of gall inducers on eucalypts, decades, and this species has never been but perhaps also on some other myrta- recorded from them.
Risks from Unknown Quarantine Organisms Posed by The

Recommendation of a Pathway Approach for Regulation of Plants for Planting A Concept Paper from the IUFRO Unit on Alien Invasive Species and International Trade* Issue: A Pathway Approach Is Needed Many forest pests have been introduced into new locations on plants for planting. Mounting scientific evidence suggests that the current pest-by-pest regulatory approach and reliance on inspection to detect pests is untenable in today’s global marketplace. Much recent experience demonstrates the need to curtail the introduction of plant pests that are present in an exporting territory but not yet known to science. Therefore, the forest entomology and pathology science community recommends a pathway approach to regulating nursery stock, similar to that adopted for wood packaging material (WPM). Best management practices effective at preventing known pests will significantly reduce the risk of introducing unknown pests as well. Introduction and Scope There are three problems with the current phytosanitary regulatory approach: 1) It relies on inspection, but the volume of world trade has expanded far beyond inspection capacity. 2) It focuses on addressing the risks associated with known quarantine organisms, but most pests introduced on plants for planting are previously unknown or unpredictably aggressive pests. 3) Article VI.2 of the IPPC prohibits requiring phytosanitary measures against unregulated pests. The limitations of current measures were accepted long ago to prevent the misuse of phytosanitary concerns as artificial barriers to trade. In the ensuing years, however, it has become evident that WPM and plants for planting routinely provide pathways for unanticipated pests. With the adoption of ISPM-15 (FAO, 2002), the exchange of known and unknown pests via WPM has been significantly reduced.
Sensory Gene Identification in the Transcriptome of the Ectoparasitoid

www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Sensory gene identifcation in the transcriptome of the ectoparasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli Zong‑You Huang, Xiao‑Yun Wang, Wen Lu & Xia‑Lin Zheng* Sensory genes play a key role in the host location of parasitoids. To date, the sensory genes that regulate parasitoids to locate gall‑inducing insects have not been uncovered. An obligate ectoparasitoid, Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), is one of the most important parasitoids of Leptocybe invasa, which is a global gall‑making pest in eucalyptus plantations. Interestingly, Q. mendeli can precisely locate the larva of L. invasa, which induces tumor‑like growth on the eucalyptus leaves and stems. Therefore, Q. mendeli–L. invasa provides an ideal system to study the way that parasitoids use sensory genes in gall‑making pests. In this study, we present the transcriptome of Q. mendeli using high‑throughput sequencing. In total, 31,820 transcripts were obtained and assembled into 26,925 unigenes in Q. mendeli. Then, the major sensory genes were identifed, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these genes from Q. mendeli and other model insect species. Three chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 10 gustatory receptors (GRs), 21 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 58 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 30 odorant receptors (ORs) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identifed in Q. mendeli by bioinformatics analysis. Our report is the frst to obtain abundant biological information on the transcriptome of Q. mendeli that provided valuable information regarding the molecular basis of Q. mendeli perception, and it may help to understand the host location of parasitoids of gall‑making pests.
Nymphister Kronaueri Von Beeren & Tishechkin Sp. Nov., an Army Ant

BMC Zoology Nymphister kronaueri von Beeren & Tishechkin sp. nov., an army ant-associated beetle species (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Haeteriinae) with an exceptional mechanism of phoresy von Beeren and Tishechkin von Beeren and Tishechkin BMC Zoology (2017) 2:3 DOI 10.1186/s40850-016-0010-x von Beeren and Tishechkin BMC Zoology (2017) 2:3 DOI 10.1186/s40850-016-0010-x BMC Zoology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Nymphister kronaueri von Beeren & Tishechkin sp. nov., an army ant-associated beetle species (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Haeteriinae) with an exceptional mechanism of phoresy Christoph von Beeren1,2* and Alexey K. Tishechkin3 Abstract Background: For more than a century we have known that a high diversity of arthropod species lives in close relationship with army ant colonies. For instance, several hundred guest species have been described to be associated with the Neotropical army ant Eciton burchellii Westwood, 1842. Despite ongoing efforts to survey army ant guest diversity, it is evident that many more species await scientific discovery. Results: We conducted a large-scale community survey of Eciton-associated symbionts, combined with extensive DNA barcoding, which led to the discovery of numerous new species, among them a highly specialized histerid beetle, which is formally described here. Analyses of genitalic morphology with support of molecular characters revealed that the new species is a member of the genus Nymphister. We provide a literature review of host records and host-following mechanisms of Eciton-associated Haeteriinae demonstrating that the new species uses an unusual way of phoretic transport to track the nomadic habit of host ants. Using its long mandibles as gripping pliers, the beetle attaches between the ants’ petiole and postpetiole.
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Quadrastichus Erythrinae Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Quadrastichus Erythrina

FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Quadrastichus erythrinae Quadrastichus erythrinae System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Eulophidae Common name erythrina gall wasp (EGW) (English), erythrina gall wasp (English) Synonym Similar species Summary Unusual growths, caused by the Erythrina gall wasp (Quadrastichus erythrinae), on leaves and young shoots of coral trees (Erythrina spp). alerts to the presence of this emerging invasive species. Q. erythrinae measures a mere 1.5mm and may be spread easily via infected leaves from infected Erythrina specimens. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Female: Length 1.45–1.6 mm. Dark brown with yellow markings. Head yellow, except gena posteriorly brown. Antenna pale brown except scape posteriorly pale. Pronotum dark brown. The mid lobe of mesoscutum with a ‘‘V’’ shaped or inverted triangular dark brown area from anterior margin, the remainder yellow. Scapula yellow. Scutellum, axilla and dorsellum brown to light brown. Propodeum dark brown. Gaster brown. Fore and hind coxae brown. Mid coxa almost pale. Femora mostly brown to light brown. Specimens from Mauritius are generally darker than those from Singapore. Oviposter sheath not protruding, short in dorsal view (Kim Delvare and La Salle 2004). Male. Length 1.0–1.15 mm. Pale coloration white to pale yellow as opposed to yellow in female. Head and antenna pale. Pronotum dark brown (but in lateral view, only upper half dark brown; lower half yellow to white). Scutellum and dorsellum pale brown. Axilla pale. Propodeum dark brown. Gaster in anterior half pale; remainder dark brown. Legs all pale. Antenna with 4 funicular segments; without the whorl of setae; F1 distinctly shorter than the other segments and slightly transverse; about 1.4 wider than long.
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report

Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
IUFRO World Series Vol. 24 Asia and the Pacific Forest Health Workshop

International Union of Forest Research Organizations Union Internationale des Instituts de Recherches Forestières Internationaler Verband Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten Unión Internacional de Organizaciones de Investigación Forestal IUFRO World Series Vol. 24 Asia and the Pacific Forest Health Workshop Forest Health in a Changing World Editor Sim HeokChoh Extended abstracts From the workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1–3 December 2008 Jointly organized by International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Asia Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions (APAFRI) ISSN 1016-3263 ISBN 978-3-901347-84-9 IUFRO, Vienna 2009 Recommended catalogue entry: Asia and the Pacific Forest Health Workshop: Forest Health in a Changing World. Extended abstracts from the workshop held in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 1–3 December 2008. Jointly organized by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO), Asia Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN), Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO), Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) and the Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions (APAFRI). Sim HeokChoh (Editor). Vienna. IUFRO. 2009–133 p.– (IUFRO World Series Vol. 24). ISSN 1016-3263 ISBN 978-3-901347-84-9 Cover photos (from left to right): 1.
Field Release of Mompha Trithalama Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Momphidae

Field Release of Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), for Biological Control of the Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in Hawaii Final Environmental Assessment April 7, 2008 Agency contact: Dr. Neil J. Reimer, Manager Plant Pest Control Branch Hawaii Department of Agriculture 1428 South King Street Honolulu, HI 96814-2512 Phone: (808) 973-9522 Fax: (808) 973-9533 E-mail: [email protected] This Final Environmental Assessment (FEA) and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) was prepared by the HDOA Plant Quarantine Branch (approving agency) for the HDOA Plant Pest Control Branch (proposing agency) and submitted to the Office of Environmental Quality Control (OEQC), Department of Health, State of Hawaii, to comply with the provisions of Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 343, Environmental Impact Statements. The appendix of this FEA contains public comment in the form of five letters of correspondence, four of which were supportive of the Erythrina Gall Wasp Project and one which required a reply to address a question raised by the writer. As a result, this FEA is unchanged from the Draft EA. I. Proposed Action An application was submitted by the Plant Pest Control Branch, Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA), to the HDOA Plant Quarantine Branch, 1849 Auiki Street, Honolulu, HI 96819, for a permit to introduce Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) into the State of Hawaii under the provisions of Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 141, Department of Agriculture, and Chapter 150A, Plant and Non-Domestic Animal Quarantine. Eurytoma sp. will be used to control the erythrina gall wasp (EGW), Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, an invasive eulophid wasp that has devastated endemic and introduced erythrina trees in natural and landscaped areas in Hawaii.
Erythrina Gall Wasp

State of Hawaii New Pest Advisory DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE No. 05-03 Updated December 2008 Erythrina Gall Wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Ronald A. Heu, Dick M. Tsuda*, Walter T. Nagamine, Juliana A. Yalemar and M. Tremblay Troy H. Suh Figure 1. Enlarged photo of an adult female erythrina gall wasp. Actual length of the female is 1.5 mm. The adult male wasp, not shown, measures 1.0 mm. Introduction. Samples of gall-damaged leaves and stems of the coral tree, Erythrina variegata L., were first collected in Manoa, Oahu, on April 19, 2005, by a University of Hawaii graduate student. The galls were found to have been induced by the larvae of a tiny wasp which was subsequently identified as the erythrina gall wasp (EGW), Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (family Eulophidae) by J. La Salle of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Australia. R. Heu Figure 2. Erythrina variegata leaves exhibiting light gall wasp Erythrina variegata, with its bright red flowers, is damage (left) compared with undamaged leaves (right). also known as tigers claw, Indian coral tree, and wiliwili-haole. It is a common landscape tree in Hawaii. A tall, columnar form of E. variegata, “Tropic Coral,” known locally as “tall erythrina” or “tall wiliwili,” is also used as a windbreak for soil and water conservation and for planting around farmsteads (Rotar et al. 1986). R. Heu T. Suh Figure 3. Erythrina petioles Figure 4. “Tall erythrina” * College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources and leaflets exhibiting severe trees with severe gall (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa gall wasp damage.