Attracting, Recruiting, and Retaining Successful Cyberspace Operations Officers Cyber Workforce Interview Findings

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Attracting, Recruiting, and Retaining Successful Cyberspace Operations Officers Cyber Workforce Interview Findings C O R P O R A T I O N Attracting, Recruiting, and Retaining Successful Cyberspace Operations Officers Cyber Workforce Interview Findings Chaitra M. Hardison, Leslie Adrienne Payne, John A. Hamm, Angela Clague, Jacqueline Torres, David Schulker, John S. Crown For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2618 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0101-4 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Cybersecurity is one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation. Given the U.S. Air Force mission to “fly, fight and win in air, space and cyberspace,” addressing this potential security threat falls squarely within the Air Force’s responsibility. Because of concerns over the current health and future state of the Air Force’s cyberspace community, Air Force leadership asked RAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF) to explore perspectives within the cyberspace operations officer (17D) community to help the Air Force gain insights into key drivers of retention and attraction to the career field. PAF has pursued several lines of research. First, we explored what is already known about the issues within the 17D community, which included a review of relevant literature. Second, we analyzed Air Force personnel data files to better understand key characteristics of the Air Force’s cyber workforce. Third, we conducted a series of interviews with three key populations—senior subject matter experts (SMEs) within the 17D community, members of the 17D workforce, and private-sector cyber specialists. The insights gained from these discussions informed our findings and recommendations, which are detailed in this report. Human subjects protection protocols were used in this study in accordance with the appropriate statutes and Department of Defense (DoD) regulations governing human subjects protection. The views of the sources quoted in this report—including those who have not been identified—are solely their own and do not represent the official policy or position of the DoD or the U.S. Government. The research reported here was sponsored by Maj Gen Patrick C. Higby (SAF/CIO A6S), director of cyberspace strategy and policy for the Office of Information Dominance and chief information officer for the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, and conducted within the Manpower, Personnel, and Training Program of RAND PAF as part of the FY 2017 project Attracting and Retaining Cyber Professionals, and Fostering Their Success in the Air Force. RAND Project AIR FORCE RAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF), a division of the RAND Corporation, is the U.S. Air Force’s federally funded research and development center for studies and analyses. PAF provides the Air Force with independent analyses of policy alternatives affecting the development, employment, combat readiness, and support of current and future air, space, and cyber forces. Research is conducted in four programs: Force Modernization and Employment; Manpower, Personnel, and Training; Resource Management; and Strategy and Doctrine. The research reported here was prepared under contract FA7014-16-D-1000. iii Additional information about PAF is available on our website: http://www.rand.org/paf/ This report documents work originally shared with the U.S. Air Force on October 26, 2017. The draft report, issued on February 12, 2018, was reviewed by formal peer reviewers and U.S. Air Force subject-matter experts. iv Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................ iii Figures........................................................................................................................................... vii Tables ........................................................................................................................................... viii Summary ........................................................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... xviii Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ xx 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 A Brief Overview of the 17D Cyber Officer Career Field ......................................................... 2 Explaining the Shortage of Field Grade Officers ....................................................................... 3 Exploring Retention Rates Within the Cyber Community ......................................................... 6 Approach and Organization of This Report ................................................................................ 9 2. Our Approach to the Interviews ................................................................................................ 11 Interviews with the 17D Workforce ......................................................................................... 11 Interviews with Air Force Cyber SMEs ................................................................................... 15 Interviews with Private-Sector SMEs ....................................................................................... 17 Our Approach to Reporting Results .......................................................................................... 18 Analysis of Qualitative Interview Comments ........................................................................... 18 3. Desired Characteristics of Cyber Personnel ............................................................................. 21 Existing Research on Desired Characteristics of Cyber Workforce Professionals .................. 21 Existing Research on Desired Characteristics in the Air Force Cyber Workforce ................... 27 Our Interview Findings on the Necessary Attributes of Cyber Personnel ................................ 28 Potential Differences in KSAOs Needed in Private-Sector Versus Military Cyber Workers .................................................................................................................... 33 Additional Research Measuring Links to Effectiveness Could Be Beneficial ......................... 34 4. Insights from the Air Force Cyber Workforce on Recruiting and Retention ........................... 35 Ratings of Satisfaction and Other Aspects of the Job ............................................................... 36 Open-Ended Comments ............................................................................................................ 46 Summary of Key Findings and a Note about Their Interpretation ........................................... 59 5. Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................................................... 61 Consider Formally Managing the Cyberspace Operations Officer 17D and 17S Positions as Distinct Career Fields ..................................................................................................... 61 Create Opportunities for Cyber Officers to Pursue Technical Depth ....................................... 64 Continue to Prioritize Technical Backgrounds in Accessions, with Pathways for Candidates to Demonstrate Potential in Other Ways .......................................................... 65 Closely Monitor Retention and Be Prepared to Use the Full Spectrum of Retention Tools .... 66 v Ensure Sufficient Agility in Training, Tactics, and Acquisition .............................................. 67 Teach Such Concepts as Warfighting, the Mission, Strategic Thinking, and Operational Planning at All Levels ......................................................................................................... 68 Establish and Communicate a Strategic Vision for the Career Field and Link It to the Tactical-Level Work ........................................................................................................... 68 Establish a Forum Through Which to Collect Innovative Ideas for Managing the Cyber Career Field ........................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Joint Force Quarterly 97
    Issue 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Broadening Traditional Domains Commercial Satellites and National Security Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, 2 ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, ND QUARTER 2020 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Associate Editor Jack Godwin, Ph.D. Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee Ambassador Erica Barks-Ruggles/College of International Security Affairs; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; MG Lewis G. Irwin, USAR/Joint Forces Staff College; MG John S. Kem, USA/U.S. Army War College; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; LtGen Daniel J. O’Donohue, USMC/The Joint Staff; Brig Gen Evan L. Pettus, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Kyle W. Robinson, USAF/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Brig Gen Jeremy T. Sloane, USAF/Air War College; Col Blair J. Sokol, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen Glen D. VanHerck, USAF/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K.
    [Show full text]
  • General John G. Lorber
    GENERAL JOHN G. LORBER Retired Sep. 1, 1997. General John G. Lorber is commander of Pacific Air Forces, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii. He has responsibility for Air Force activities spread over half the world in a command that supports 44,000 Air Force people serving principally in Hawaii, Alaska, Guam, South Korea and Japan. The general entered the Air Force in 1964 after graduating from the U.S. Air Force Academy. He flew as a fast-moving forward air controller in Vietnam, has commanded a fighter squadron and wing, and is a command pilot with more than 5,000 flying hours, primarily in fighter aircraft. EDUCATION 1964 Bachelor of science degree, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colo. 1974 Squadron Officer School, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. 1979 Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. 1979 Master's degree in personnel management, Troy State University, Ala. 1985 Air War College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. ASSIGNMENTS 1. August 1964 - August 1965, student, pilot training, Laredo Air Force Base, Texas 2. August 1965 - April 1969, T-37 instructor pilot and check pilot, 3640th Pilot Training Squadron, Laredo Air Force Base, Texas 3. April 1969 - November 1969, student, F-4 pilot training, Homestead Air Force Base, Fla. 4. November 1969 - January 1971, F-4 aircraft commander, instructor pilot and standardization and evaluation flight examiner, flying combat as a fast-moving forward air controller, 497th Tactical Fighter Squadron "Night Owls," 8th Tactical Fighter Wing, Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand 5. January 1971 - May 1971, F-111 aircraft commander, 442nd Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, Nellis Air Force Base, Nev.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 17A Stealth Fighter Organizations
    HISTORY AND LINEAGE OF THE F- 1 17A STEALTH FIGHTER ORGANIZATIONS DECEMBER 1991 SPECIAL STUDY HO-91-2 OFFICE OF HIST RY HEADQUARTERS, 37TH FPGHTER WING TWELFTH AIR FORCE TACTICAL AIR COMMAND INTRODUCTION In 1978, the Air Force awarded a full-scale development contract for the F-117A Stealth Fighter to Lockheed Corporation's Advanced Development Projects (the famous Skunk Works). Thirty- one months later, on 18 June 1981, the F-117A made its first flight. Meanwhile, the Tactical Air Command (TAC) decided to set up a group-level organization to guide the F-117A to an initial operating capability. That organization became the 4450th Tactical Group (TG), which officially activated on 15 October 1979 at Nellis AFB, Nevada. The 4450 TG began flying operations in 1981 from the Tonopah Test Range Airfield, located approximately 130 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Lockheed test pilots put the Stealth Fighter through its early paces. The 4450 TG also operated the A-7D as a surrogate trainer for the F-l17A, and these operations continued until 15 October 1982 under the guise of an avionics test mis- sion. October 15th is important to the program because on that date Maj Alton C. Whitley, Jr. became the first 4450 TG pilot to fly the F-117A. The 4450 TG then achieved an initial operating capability with the F-117A in October 1983. The 4450 TG's mission continued to evolve under a cloak of secrecy--all Tonopah training flights conducted at night under the cover of darkness--until late 1988. On 10 November 1988, the Air Force brought the F-117A from behind a "black veil" by publicly acknowledging its existence.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-Summer-Pupukahi
    Hawaii State Department of Defense pupukahipupukahi: “harmoniously united” 3949 Diamond Head Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96816-4495 Brig. Gen. Gregory Woodrow outgoing 154th Wing Commander and family with Col. Dann S. Carlson in-coming 154th Wing Commander and family pose for an aloha shaka after the change of command ceremony, August 04, 2019 (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Capt. Justin Leong) Hawaii Air National Guard’s 154th Wing Change of Command 154th Wing Public Affairs | Story by Senior Airman Robert Cabuco | Sunday, August 4, 2019 JOINT BASE PEARL HARBOR- 2016, retires after 33 years of military know how to succeed.” HICKAM, Hawaii - Col. Dann S. Carlson service; after guiding the Air National assumed command of the Hawaii Air Guard’s largest wing. Future endeavors Carlson, an Air Force Academy National Guard 154th Wing from Brig. include increasing his surfing time and graduate, served 25 years as an active Gen. Gregory S. Woodrow during a pursuing a second career in commercial duty Airman in various capacities. change of command ceremony held Aug. aviation. Prior to coming to the 154th Wing, he 4, 2019 at Joint Base Pearl Harbor- was an F-16 instructor/evaluator pilot, Hickam. During the ceremony Woodrow Harrier exchange pilot, Thunderbird said ‘mahalo’ to the personnel, who pilot, Fighter Squadron commander and A ‘standing-room-only’ crowd of family, contributed to the wing’s success, spoke Deputy Joint Base commander. friends, and fellow 154th Wing Airmen fondly of his guard ‘ohana’ (family) and packed into a C-17 Globemaster III left some words of wisdom for Carlson as Retiring from active duty in 2018, his hangar on the JBPHH flightline to say the incoming commander.
    [Show full text]
  • USAF Leadership
    Photochart of USAF Leadership Office of the Secretary of the Air Force Assistant Secretary of Assistant Secretary of Assistant Secretary of Assistant Secretary of the the Air Force the Air Force (Financial the Air Force (Installa- Air Force (Manpower & (Acquisition) Management & tions, Environment, & Reserve Affairs) William A. LaPlante Comptroller) Energy) (vacant) Lisa S. Disbrow Miranda A. A. Ballentine Secretary of the Air Force Deborah Lee James Deputy Undersecretary of Deputy Undersecretary of Auditor General General Counsel the Air Force (International the Air Force (Space) Daniel F. McMillin Gordon O. Tanner Affairs) Winston Beauchamp Heidi H. Grant Undersecretary of the Air Force Lisa S. Disbrow (acting) Inspector General Chief, Information Director, Legislative Director, Public Affairs Lt. Gen. Gregory A. Dominance & Liaison Brig. Gen. Kathleen A. Biscone Chief Information Officer Maj. Gen. Thomas Cook Lt. Gen. William J. Bender Bergeson Director, Small Administrative Assistant to the Business Programs Secretary of the Air Force Mark S. Teskey Patricia J. Zarodkiewicz 80 AIR FORCE Magazine / September 2015 Photochart of An Air Force Magazine Directory By Chequita Wood, Media Research Editor As of Aug. 14, 2015 The United States Air Force Air Staff Assistant Vice Chief of Chief Master Sergeant Air Force Historian Judge Advocate Staff of the Air Force Walt Grudzinskas General Lt. Gen. John W. CMSAF James A. Cody Lt. Gen. Christopher F. Hesterman III Burne Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Welsh III Surgeon General Chairman, Scientific Chief of Chaplains Chief of Safety Lt. Gen. Mark A. Ediger Advisory Board Maj. Gen. (sel.) Dondi E. Maj. Gen. Andrew M. Werner J. A.
    [Show full text]
  • Elmendorf Air Force Base CHPP Decentralization
    Case Study - Elmendorf Air Force Base CHPP Decentralization Heating System Decentralization Elmendorf AFB is home to the 3rd Wing, providing the U.S. Pacific Command with highly trained and equipped tactical air superiority forces, all-weather strike assets, command and control platforms, and tactical airlift resources for contingency operations. The Wing flies the F-22, F-15, C-17, C-12 and E-3 aircraft, and maintains a regional medical facility to provide care for all forces in Alaska. Elmendorf is also Headquarters of the 11th Air Force, the Alaskan Command, the Alaska NORAD Region, and 94 associate organizations. Elmendorf AFB has 797 facilities totaling 9.3 million This challenging project scope was completed in two square feet of residential, commercial, industrial, and short Alaska construction seasons. The decentralized administrative space. boilers were commissioned and running and the CHPP Ameresco decommissioned the combined heat and was shut-down on schedule for the start of the critical power plant (CHPP) and installed decentralized boiler heating season. plants (boilers, water treatment, required auxiliaries, and The project also included the demolition of the old building structure as necessary) to serve each of the 130 decommissioned plant and associated steam pits. The facilities (encompassing approximately 1.5 million old plant consisted of the following major equipment: square feet) that were provided steam from the CHPP. • Six (6) 150,000 lb/hr natural gas/jet fuel boilers • Two (2) 9.3 MW steam extraction turbines • One (1) 7.5 MW steam extraction turbine The decommissioned steam distribution system was previously only providing approximately 15% condensate return back to the plant.
    [Show full text]
  • NAVY Safety & Occupational Health Manual OPNAV M-5100.23 of 5 Jun
    OPNAV M-5100.23 5 Jun 2020 NAVY SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANUAL THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK OPNAV M-5100.23 5 Jun 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION A. SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION A0101. Purpose……………………………………………………………………..... A1-2 A0102. Scope and Applicability……………………………………………………… A1-2 A0103. Definition of Terms………………………………………………………….. A1-4 A0104. Background…………………………………………………………………... A1-4 A0105. Discussion……………………………………………………………………. A1-5 A0106. Introduction to the Navy SMS Framework………………………………….. A1-6 A0107. Responsibilities………………………………………………………………. A1-7 Chapter 2. POLICY AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT A0201. Introduction………………………………………………………………….. A2-1 A0202. Methodology………………………………………………………………… A2-1 A0203. Organizational Commitment and Accountability…………………………… A2-3 A0204. Appointment of SMS Personnel……………………………………………… A2-4 Chapter 3. RISK MANAGEMENT A0301. Introduction………………………………………………………………….. A3-1 A0302. Methodology………………………………………………………………… A3-1 A0303. Error Tolerance……………………………………………………………… A3-1 A0304. Principles…………………………………………………………………..... A3-2 A0305. Requirements………………………………………………………………… A3-3 Chapter 4. ASSURANCE A0401. Introduction………………………………………………………………….. A4-1 A0402. Methodology………………………………………………………………… A4-1 A0403. Requirements……………………………………………………..................... A4-1 A0404. Continuous Improvement………………………………………………….… A4-2 A0405. Management Review……………………………………………………….... A4-2 Chapter 5. PROMOTION A0501. Introduction………………………………………………………………….. A5-1
    [Show full text]
  • Voice Encryption Using Twin Stream Cipher Algorithm تشفير الصوت باستخدام خوارزمية التوأم
    Voice Encryption Using Twin Stream Cipher Algorithm تشفير الصوت باستخدام خوارزمية التوأم اﻻنسيابية Prepared by Omar Mejbel Hammad Aljouani ((401320142)) Supervisor Dr. Hebah H. O. Nasereddin Dr. Abdulkareem O. Ibadi Master Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Master Degree in Computer Science Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Middle East University Amman - Jordan January - 2016 II ((بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم(( ّ يَ ْر ف عَََللاَهَا ّل ذي نََآ مَ هنواَ م ْن هك ْمََ وَا ّلَ ذي نََ} ه ه ْ ْ {أَوتواَال عل مََ دَ ر جات ))صدق هللا العظيم(( II III IV Acknowledgment I utilize this opportunity to thank everyone helped me reach this stage and everyone who encourage me during performing this thesis. I want to thank Dr. Hebah H. O. Nasereddin for her guidance and supervision during writing this thesis. Extended thanks are also for my family and friends who encourage me during writing this thesis. I also want to thank everyone who believes that the knowledge is right for everyone. The greatest thank ever to assistant prof. Abdulkareem O. Ibadi, the head of software engineering department at Baghdad College for economic sciences. V Dedication اهدي خﻻصة جهدي العلمي المتواضع الى : قرة عيني الرسول محمد عليه افضل الصﻻة واتم التسليم ...... وطني العراق الجريح .................................... اخي الشهيد الحاضر الغائب صهيب ................... والدي ووالدتي واختي رفاق دربي ومسيرتي ............... كل من كان له بصمة بجهدي العلمي هذا............. كل الشهداء الذين استشهدوا برصاص الغدر والخيانة ...... كل من كان يدعي لي ويوجهني ويتمنى لي الخير ......... جامعة بغداد أخص بها كلية التربية ابن الهيثم ....... اﻻعدادية المركزية للبنين .................. VI Table of Contents AUTHORIZATION STATEMENT ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Santa's on His Way
    Peninsula - Wide U.S. Air Force Newspaper Volume 10, Issue 06 December 22, 2017 http://www.7af.pacaf.af.mil U.S. Air Force Tech. Sgt. Gary Patterson, a loadmaster assigned to the 36th Airlift Squadron, Yokota Air Base, Japan, push a practice bundle from a C-130J Super Hercules aircraft during Operation Christmas Drop 2017, Dec. 8, 2017, near Naval Base, Guam. Over the course of 12 days, crews will airdrop donated food, supplies, educational materials, and tools to 56 islanders throughout the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau. (U.S. Air Force photo/Tech. Sgt. Richard P. Ebensberger) Santa’s on his way: 66th Operation Christmas Drop launches at Andersen AFB By Air Force Airman 1st Class Christopher Quail which delivers donated supplies to remote Pacific mobility command unit, the 734th Air Mobility islands via low-cost, low-altitude airdrops from Squadron and our international partners,” ANDERSEN AIR FORCE BASE, Guam -- The C-130 aircraft. said Col. Scott Hurrelbrink, 36th Wing vice 66th iteration of Operation Christmas Drop The mission is supported by U.S. Air Force, Navy commander. “While the training missions are took to the sky Dec. 11, 2017 as military leaders and Coast Guard, which are joined by Japanese conducted by maintenance and operations, it’s ceremoniously pushed the first pallet of donated Air Self-Defense Force and Royal Australian Air important to emphasize that this is truly a joint toys, food, supplies and educational materials into Force aircrews, offering teams of the participating endeavor that includes raising awareness and a C-130J Super Hercules at Andersen Air Force Base.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerospace Nation Air, Space & Cyber Forces in the Fight
    AIR FORCE ASSOCIATION Attendee Guide sponsored by AEROSPACE NATION AIR, SPACE & CYBER FORCES IN THE FIGHT September 14-16, 2020 | AFA.org Together we are transforming the battlespace and the business. In the battlespace of tomorrow, success depends on synchronized networks that rapidly integrate data and systems across all domains. At Lockheed Martin, DevSecOps software development, modular open systems architectures and digital engineering are making this future possible. So that together, we outpace and paralyze our adversaries. Learn more at lockheedmartin.com/afa-2020 ©2020 Lockheed Martin Corporation FG19-23960_031 AFA_JADO.indd 1 Live: n/a 8/25/20 5:31 PM Trim: W: 10.875 H: 8.125 Job Number: FG19-23960_031 Designer: Sam Coplen Bleed: H: 0.125 Publication: AFA Communicator: Carla Gutter: None Visual: Multi-Domain-Operations Krivanek Resolution: 300 DPI Country: USA Due Date: 8/25/20 Density: 300 Color Space: CMYK AIR FORCE ASSOCIATION I. Introduction Welcome _________________________________________________________________2 Welcome Messages from vASC Platinum Sponsors ________________________________3 List of Exhibitors ___________________________________________________________5 Individual Benefactors ______________________________________________________13 II. Air, Space & Cyber Conference Schedule of Events _________________________________________________________17 Speaker Biographies _______________________________________________________21 AFA Supporting Partners ____________________________________________________39 In Memoriam
    [Show full text]
  • ECES Duration : 4 Days
    ECES Duration : 4 Days. 1 Introduction and History of Cryptography What is Cryptography? History Mono-Alphabet Substitution Caesar Cipher Atbash Cipher ROT 13 Scytale Single Substitution Weaknesses Multi-Alphabet Substitution Cipher Disk Vigenère Cipher Vigenère Cipher: Example Breaking the Vigenère Cipher Playfair The ADFGVX cipher The Enigma Machine CrypTool 2 Symmetric Cryptography & Hashes Symmetric Cryptography Information Theory Information Theory Cryptography Concepts Kerckhoffs's Principle Substitution Transposition Substitution and Transposition Binary M ath Binary AND Binary OR Binary XOR Block Cipher vs. Stream Cipher Symmetric Block Cipher Algorithms Basic Facts of the Feistel Function The Feistel Function A Simple View of a Single Round Unbalanced Feistel Cipher DES 3DES DESx Whitening AES AES General Overview AES Specifics Blowfish Serpent Twofish Skipjack IDEA Symmetric Algorithm Methods Electronic Codebook (ECB) Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC) Propagating Cipher-Block Chaining (PCBC) Cipher Feedback (CFB) Output Feedback (OFB) Counter (CTR) Initialisation Vector (IV) Symmetric Stream Ciphers Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: RC4 Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: FISH Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: PIKE Hash Hash – Salt MD5 The MD5 Algorithm MD6 Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) Fork 256 RIPEMD – 160 GOST Tiger CryptoBench 3 Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Encryption Basic Number Facts Prime Numbers Co-Prime Eulers Totient
    [Show full text]
  • List of Agents by County for the Web
    List of Agents By County for the Web Agent (Full) Services for Web Run Date: 10/1/2021 Run Time: 7:05:44 AM ADAMS COUNTY Name Street Address City State Zip Code Phone 194 IMPORTS INC 680 HANOVER PIKE LITTLESTOWN PA 17340 717-359-7752 30 WEST AUTO SALES INC 1980 CHAMBERSBURG RD GETTYSBURG PA 17325 717-334-3300 97 AUTO SALES 4931 BALTIMORE PIKE LITTLESTOWN PA 17340 717-359-9536 AAA CENTRAL PENN 1275 YORK RD GETTYSBURG PA 17325 717-334-1155 A & A AUTO SALVAGE INC 1680 CHAMBERSBURG RD GETTYSBURG PA 17325 717-334-3905 A & C USED AUTO 131 FLICKINGER RD GETTYSBURG PA 17325 717-334-0777 ADAMIK INSURANCE AGENCY INC 5356 BALTIMORE PIKE # A LITTLESTOWN PA 17340 717-359-7744 A & D BUSINESS SERVICES LLC 12 WATER ST FAIRFIELD PA 17320 - 8252 717-457-0551 ADELA TOVAR CAMPUZANO DBA MANZOS 190 PARK ST ASPERS PA 17304 - 9602 717-778-1773 MOTORS 500 MAIN STREET ALLENWRENCH AUTOMOTIVE YORK SPRINGS PA 17372 717-528-4134 PO BOX 325 AMIG AUTO AND TRUCK SALES 4919 YORK RD NEW OXFORD PA 17350 717-624-8814 AUTOS ARE US AUTO SALES LLC 631A W KING ST ABBOTTSTOWN PA 17301 717-259-9950 BANKERTS AUTO SALES 3001 HANOVER PIKE HANOVER PA 17331 717-632-8464 BATTLEFIELD MOTORCYCLES INC 21 CAVALRY FIELD RD GETTYSBURG PA 17325 717-337-9005 BERLINS LLC 130 E KING ST EAST BERLIN PA 17316 717-619-7725 Page 1 of 536 List of Agents By County for the Web Run Date: 10/1/2021 Run Time: 7:05:44 AM ADAMS COUNTY Name Street Address City State Zip Code Phone BERMEJO AUTO SALES LLC 4467 YORK RD NEW OXFORD PA 17350 717-624-2424 BETTY DIANE SHIPLEY 1155 700 RD NEW OXFORD PA 17350 -- BOWERS
    [Show full text]