Large Asteroids and Trojan Asteroids Cycle: 1, Proposal Category: GTO

JWST Proposal 1244 (Created: Tuesday, March 16, 2021 at 6:00:18 PM Eastern Standard Time) - Overview

1244 - Large Asteroids and Trojan Asteroids Cycle: 1, Proposal Category: GTO

INVESTIGATORS Name Institution E-Mail Dr. Andrew S. Rivkin (PI) The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab [email protected] oratory Dr. Cristina A. Thomas (CoI) Northern Arizona University [email protected] Dr. Stefanie N. Milam (CoI) (US Admin CoI) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center [email protected]

OBSERVATIONS Folder Observation Label Observing Template Science Target Large Asteroids 1 Ceres/NIRSpec NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (1) 1-CERES 5 Pallas/NIRSpec NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (2) 2-PALLAS 6 Hygiea/NIRSpec NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (3) 10-HYGIEA 2 Ceres/MIRI MIRI Medium Resolution Spectroscopy (1) 1-CERES 11 Pallas/MIRI MIRI Medium Resolution Spectroscopy (2) 2-PALLAS 4 Hygiea/MIRI MIRI Medium Resolution Spectroscopy (3) 10-HYGIEA Trojan Asteroids 8 Patroclus/NIRSpec NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (4) 617-PATROCLUS 10 Hektor/NIRSpec NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy (5) 624-HEKTOR

ABSTRACT Large Asteroids: Recent work has shown that asteroids over 200 km in diameter are intact remnants of earliest Solar System history, and that these objects had dynamic histories with ongoing processes. Our JWST observations of the three largest low-albedo asteroids will extend measurements of Ceres far beyond the wavelengths measureable by Dawn, and provide unique measurements of Pallas and Hygiea that are unavailable from other platforms. 1 JWST Proposal 1244 (Created: Tuesday, March 16, 2021 at 6:00:18 PM Eastern Standard Time) - Overview

Trojan Asteroids: The Trojan asteroids are key to understanding early solar system dynamics and planetary migration. They are thought to be organic-rich, but their distances and low albedos make observations difficult. We target targeted binary asteroids to take advantage of knowledge of their densities, which we will combine with the compositional data gained from spectroscopy. One of the targets is a planned destination for NASA’s Lucy mission in 2033.

This proposal includes Observation IDs HAMMEL_0001-0005, 0009-0014, and 0025-0027/

OBSERVING DESCRIPTION Large Asteroids: IFU NIRSpec Spectroscopy with the G235H/F170LP and G395H/F290LP grating settings, and MIRI Medium Resolution Spectroscopy.

Trojan Asteroids: NIRSpec IFU Spectroscopy with the PRISM grating.

2 Proposal 1244-TargetsLargeAsteroidsandTrojan Solar System Targets Extended=NO Description=Binary TrojanAsteroid Hektor Keyword=Asteroid Comments: WillneedToOinorderto getmaximumseparationbetweenbinarycomponents,butinformation should beavailabletoallowschedulingwellbeforeDisruptiveToOdeadline. (5) Extended=NO Description=Binary TrojanAsteroidPatroclus Comments: Keyword=Asteroid (4) Extended=YES Description=4th-largest asteroid Comments: Keyword=Asteroid (3) Extended=YES Description=Second-largest objectinasteroidbelt Comments: Keyword=Asteroid (2) Extended=YES Description=largest objectinasteroidbelt Comments: Keyword=Dwarf-Planet (1) # 1-CERES Name 624-HEKTOR 617-PATROCLUS 10-HYGIEA 2-PALLAS 314538,W=307.9185919333477,M=212.07910528400 502505848889,I=22.04899474618036,O=44.35071270 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=5.215517641812021,E=0.1385 2000:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 8,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=07-APR- 29192,W=314.3457745355738,M=356.342214212759 477019442747,I=3.84281259581846,O=283.65882321 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=3.138404355283353,E=0.1194 1995:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 99,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=19-JUN- 458198,W=309.6979098595072,M=359.84252180332 599205048222,I=34.80699802326677,O=173.2992050 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=2.771298017001854,E=0.2338 STD=CERES Level 1 2013:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 11,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=10-JUN- 018594,W=180.4156353096965,M=357.66900188773 8460528654272,I=18.17414541101074,O=342.815457 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=5.246310290958421,E=0.0239 2019:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 03,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=05-AUG- Level 2 3 Level 3 Proposal 1244-Observation1LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Special Requirements Spectral Elements Dithers Template Solar System Targets Diagnostics Observation DEFAULT WINDOW:ANGULAR RATE1-CERESFROMJWSTLESSTHAN0.03 2 1 # 1 # NONE TA Method Extended=YES Description=largest objectinasteroidbelt Comments: Keyword=Dwarf-Planet (1) # (Visit 1:1)Warning(Form):OverheadsareprovisionaluntiltheVisitPlanner hasbeenrun. Observing Template:NIRSpecIFUSpectroscopy Diagnostic Status:Warning Proposal 1244,Observation1:Ceres/NIRSpec 1-CERES Name G395H/F290LP G235H/F170LP Grating/Filter D NRSIRS2RAPI D NRSIRS2RAPI Pattern Readout CYCLING Dither Type STD=CERES Level 1 3 2 Groups/Int p Integrations/Ex SMALL Size 1 1 Leakcal false false Level 2 4 Dither 1 Starting Point true true Autocal NONE NONE 3 3 Total Dithers 3 Number ofPoints Level 3 3 3 Integrations Total 175.067 131.3 Time Total Exposure Points Tue Mar1623:00:18GMT2021 Wkbk.Calc ID ETC Proposal 1244-Observation5LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Special Requirements Spectral Elements Dithers Template Solar System Targets Diagnostics Observation DEFAULT WINDOW:ANGULAR RATE2-PALLASFROMJWSTLESSTHAN0.03 2 1 # 1 # NONE TA Method Extended=YES Description=Second-largest objectinasteroidbelt Comments: Keyword=Asteroid (2) # (Visit 5:1)Warning(Form):OverheadsareprovisionaluntiltheVisitPlanner hasbeenrun. Observing Template:NIRSpecIFUSpectroscopy Diagnostic Status:Warning Proposal 1244,Observation5:Pallas/NIRSpec 2-PALLAS Name G395H/F290LP G235H/F170LP Grating/Filter D NRSIRS2RAPI D NRSIRS2RAPI Pattern Readout CYCLING Dither Type 1995:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 99,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=19-JUN- 458198,W=309.6979098595072,M=359.84252180332 599205048222,I=34.80699802326677,O=173.2992050 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=2.771298017001854,E=0.2338 Level 1 3 2 Groups/Int p Integrations/Ex SMALL Size 1 1 Leakcal false false Level 2 5 Dither 1 Starting Point true true Autocal NONE NONE 3 3 Total Dithers 3 Number ofPoints Level 3 3 3 Integrations Total 175.067 131.3 Time Total Exposure Points Tue Mar1623:00:18GMT2021 Wkbk.Calc ID ETC Proposal 1244-Observation6LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Special Requirements Spectral Elements Dithers Template Solar System Targets Diagnostics Observation DEFAULT WINDOW:ANGULAR RATE10-HYGIEAFROMJWSTLESSTHAN0.03 2 1 # 1 # NONE TA Method Extended=YES Description=4th-largest asteroid Comments: Keyword=Asteroid (3) # (Visit 6:1)Warning(Form):OverheadsareprovisionaluntiltheVisitPlanner hasbeenrun. Observing Template:NIRSpecIFUSpectroscopy Diagnostic Status:Warning Proposal 1244,Observation6:Hygiea/NIRSpec 10-HYGIEA Name G395H/F290LP G235H/F170LP Grating/Filter D NRSIRS2RAPI D NRSIRS2RAPI Pattern Readout CYCLING Dither Type 2000:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 8,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=07-APR- 29192,W=314.3457745355738,M=356.342214212759 477019442747,I=3.84281259581846,O=283.65882321 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=3.138404355283353,E=0.1194 Level 1 3 3 Groups/Int p Integrations/Ex SMALL Size 1 1 Leakcal false false Level 2 6 Dither 1 Starting Point true true Autocal NONE NONE 3 3 Total Dithers 3 Number ofPoints Level 3 3 3 Integrations Total 175.067 175.067 Time Total Exposure Points Tue Mar1623:00:19GMT2021 Wkbk.Calc ID ETC Proposal 1244-Observation2LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Spectral Elements Dithers Template Acquisition Solar System Targets Diagnostics Observation 3 3 2 2 1 1 # 1 # F1500W AcqFilter 1 # Extended=YES Description=largest objectinasteroidbelt Comments: Keyword=Dwarf-Planet (1) # (Visit 2:1)Warning(Form):OverheadsareprovisionaluntiltheVisitPlanner hasbeenrun. Observing Template:MIRIMediumResolutionSpectroscopy Diagnostic Status:Warning Proposal 1244,Observation2:Ceres/MIRI 1-CERES Name LONG(C) LONG(C) MEDIUM(B) MEDIUM(B) SHORT(A) SHORT(A) Range Wavelength MRSSHORT MRSLONG MRSSHORT MRSLONG MRSSHORT MRSLONG Detector STD=CERES Level 1 Filter 4-Point Dither Type ALL Primary Channel FAST FAST FAST FAST FAST FAST Pattern Readout 5 5 5 5 5 5 Groups/Int 1 1 1 1 1 1 xp Integrations/E Level 2 7 NO Simultaneous Imaging NONE Target EXTENDED SOURCE Optimized For 1 1 1 1 1 1 h Exposures/Dit Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 4 4 4 4 4 4 Total Dithers Level 3 NEGATIVE Direction FULL Imager Subarray 4 4 4 4 4 4 Integrations Total Tue Mar1623:00:19GMT2021 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 Time Exposure Total Wkbk.Calc ID ETC Proposal 1244-Observation2LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Special Requirements DEFAULT WINDOW:ANGULARRATE1-CERESFROMJWSTLESSTHAN0.03 8 Proposal 1244-Observation11LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Spectral Elements Dithers Template Acquisition Solar System Targets Diagnostics Observation 3 3 2 2 1 1 # 1 # F1500W AcqFilter 1 # Extended=YES Description=Second-largest objectinasteroidbelt Comments: Keyword=Asteroid (2) # (Visit 11:1)Warning(Form):OverheadsareprovisionaluntiltheVisitPlanner hasbeenrun. Observing Template:MIRIMediumResolutionSpectroscopy Diagnostic Status:Warning Proposal 1244,Observation11:Pallas/MIRI 2-PALLAS Name LONG(C) LONG(C) MEDIUM(B) MEDIUM(B) SHORT(A) SHORT(A) Range Wavelength MRSSHORT MRSLONG MRSSHORT MRSLONG MRSSHORT MRSLONG Detector 1995:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 99,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=19-JUN- 458198,W=309.6979098595072,M=359.84252180332 599205048222,I=34.80699802326677,O=173.2992050 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=2.771298017001854,E=0.2338 Level 1 Filter 4-Point Dither Type ALL Primary Channel FAST FAST FAST FAST FAST FAST Pattern Readout 5 5 5 5 5 5 Groups/Int 1 1 1 1 1 1 xp Integrations/E Level 2 9 NO Simultaneous Imaging NONE Target EXTENDED SOURCE Optimized For 1 1 1 1 1 1 h Exposures/Dit Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 4 4 4 4 4 4 Total Dithers Level 3 NEGATIVE Direction FULL Imager Subarray 4 4 4 4 4 4 Integrations Total Tue Mar1623:00:19GMT2021 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 Time Exposure Total Wkbk.Calc ID ETC Proposal 1244-Observation11LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Special Requirements DEFAULT WINDOW:ANGULARRATE2-PALLASFROMJWSTLESSTHAN0.03 10 Proposal 1244-Observation4LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Spectral Elements Dithers Template Acquisition Solar System Targets Diagnostics Observation 3 3 2 2 1 1 # 1 # F1500W AcqFilter 1 # Extended=YES Description=4th-largest asteroid Comments: Keyword=Asteroid (3) # (Visit 4:1)Warning(Form):OverheadsareprovisionaluntiltheVisitPlanner hasbeenrun. Observing Template:MIRIMediumResolutionSpectroscopy Diagnostic Status:Warning Proposal 1244,Observation4:Hygiea/MIRI 10-HYGIEA Name LONG(C) LONG(C) MEDIUM(B) MEDIUM(B) SHORT(A) SHORT(A) Range Wavelength MRSSHORT MRSLONG MRSSHORT MRSLONG MRSSHORT MRSLONG Detector 2000:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 8,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=07-APR- 29192,W=314.3457745355738,M=356.342214212759 477019442747,I=3.84281259581846,O=283.65882321 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=3.138404355283353,E=0.1194 Level 1 Filter 4-Point Dither Type ALL Primary Channel FAST FAST FAST FAST FAST FAST Pattern Readout 5 5 5 5 5 5 Groups/Int 1 1 1 1 1 1 xp Integrations/E 11 Level 2 NO Simultaneous Imaging NONE Target EXTENDED SOURCE Optimized For 1 1 1 1 1 1 h Exposures/Dit Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 1 Dither 4 4 4 4 4 4 Total Dithers Level 3 NEGATIVE Direction FULL Imager Subarray 4 4 4 4 4 4 Integrations Total Tue Mar1623:00:19GMT2021 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 55.501 Time Exposure Total Wkbk.Calc ID ETC Proposal 1244-Observation4LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Special Requirements DEFAULT WINDOW:ANGULARRATE10-HYGIEAFROMJWSTLESSTHAN0.03 12 Proposal 1244-Observation8LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Special Requirements Spectral Elements Dithers Template Solar System Targets Diagnostics Observation DEFAULT WINDOW:ANGULAR RATE617-PATROCLUSFROMJWSTLESSTHAN0.03 1 # 1 # NONE TA Method Extended=NO Description=Binary TrojanAsteroidPatroclus Comments: Keyword=Asteroid (4) # (Visit 8:1)Warning(Form):OverheadsareprovisionaluntiltheVisitPlanner hasbeenrun. Observing Template:NIRSpecIFUSpectroscopy Diagnostic Status:Warning Proposal 1244,Observation8:Patroclus/NIRSpec 617-PATROCLUS Name PRISM/CLEAR Grating/Filter D NRSIRS2RAPI Pattern Readout CYCLING Dither Type 2019:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 03,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=05-AUG- 314538,W=307.9185919333477,M=212.07910528400 502505848889,I=22.04899474618036,O=44.35071270 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=5.215517641812021,E=0.1385 Level 1 3 Groups/Int p Integrations/Ex SMALL Size 1 Leakcal false 13 Level 2 Dither 1 Starting Point true Autocal NONE 3 Total Dithers 3 Number ofPoints Level 3 3 Integrations Total 175.067 Time Total Exposure Points Tue Mar1623:00:19GMT2021 Wkbk.Calc ID ETC Proposal 1244-Observation10LargeAsteroidsandTrojan Special Requirements Spectral Elements Dithers Template Solar System Targets Diagnostics Observation DEFAULT WINDOW:ANGULAR RATE624-HEKTORFROMJWSTLESSTHAN0.03 1 # 1 # NONE TA Method Extended=NO Description=Binary TrojanAsteroidHektor Keyword=Asteroid Comments: WillneedToOinordertogetmaximumseparationbetween binary components,butinformationshouldbeavailabletoallowschedulingwellbeforeDisruptiveToOdeadline. (5) # (Visit 10:1)Warning(Form):OverheadsareprovisionaluntiltheVisitPlanner hasbeenrun. Observing Template:NIRSpecIFUSpectroscopy Diagnostic Status:Warning Proposal 1244,Observation10:Hektor/NIRSpec 624-HEKTOR Name PRISM/CLEAR Grating/Filter D NRSIRS2RAPI Pattern Readout CYCLING Dither Type 2013:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB 11,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=10-JUN- 018594,W=180.4156353096965,M=357.66900188773 8460528654272,I=18.17414541101074,O=342.815457 TYPE=ASTEROID,A=5.246310290958421,E=0.0239 Level 1 3 Groups/Int p Integrations/Ex SMALL Size 1 Leakcal false 14 Level 2 Dither 1 Starting Point true Autocal NONE 3 Total Dithers 3 Number ofPoints Level 3 3 Integrations Total 175.067 Time Total Exposure Points Tue Mar1623:00:19GMT2021 Wkbk.Calc ID ETC