2014 BAA Handbook 2014 Asteroids 47 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS Minor Planet Diam Max

THE HANDBOOK

OF THE BRITISH ASTRONOMICAL ASSOCIATION 2014

2013 October ISSN 0068-130-X CONTENTS CALENDAR 2014 ...... 2 PREFACE ...... 3 HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2014 ...... 4 SKY DIARY ...... 5 VISIBILITY OF PLANETS ...... 6 RISING AND SETTING OF THE PLANETS IN LATITUDES 52°N AND 35°S ...... 7-8 ECLIPSES ...... 9-13 TIME ...... 14-15 EARTH AND SUN ...... 16-18 MOON ...... 19 SUN’S SELENOGRAPHIC COLONGITUDE ...... 20 MOONRISE AND MOONSET ...... 21-25 LUNAR OCCULTATIONS ...... 26-32 GRAZING LUNAR OCCULTATIONS ...... 33-34 APPEARANCE OF PLANETS ...... 35 MERCURY ...... 36-37 VENUS ...... 38 MARS ...... 39-40 ASTEROIDS ...... 41-53 JUPITER ...... 54-57 SATELLITES OF JUPITER ...... 58-62 JUPITER ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS ...... 63-72 SATURN ...... 73-76 SATELLITES OF SATURN ...... 77-80 URANUS ...... 81 NEPTUNE ...... 82 TRANS-NEPTUNIAN & SCATTERED DISK OBJECTS ...... 83 DWARF PLANETS ...... 84-87 COMETS ...... 88-94 METEOR DIARY ...... 95-97 VARIABLE STARS ...... 98-103 RZ Cassiopeiae; Algol; λ Tauri; Mira Stars; X Ophiuchi EPHEMERIDES OF DOUBLE STARS ...... 104-105 BRIGHT STARS ...... 106 ACTIVE GALAXIES ...... 107 PLANETS – EXPLANATION OF TABLES ...... 108 ELEMENTS OF PLANETARY ORBITS ...... 109 ASTRONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS ...... 110-111 INTERNET RESOURCES ...... 112-113 GREEK ALPHABET ...... 113 CERES - VESTA APPULSE ...... 114 ERRATA ...... 114 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 115

Front Cover: C/2011 L4 PanSTARRS approaching the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) on 1st April 2013. It is seen here as it faded from its perihelion naked-eye apparition (Magnitude +2) in March 2013 but its dust trail is nonetheless dramatic and equals the angular size of M31. Its visible coma was estimated at a diameter of 120,000 km. 2011 L4 is a non- periodic comet discovered in June 2011 and may have taken millions of years to reach perihelion from the Oort Cloud. Like many comets, it required several adjustments to predictions of its brightness as it approached Earth and illustrates the importance and interest of regular comet observation, whether of newly discovered comets or regular returners. The DSLR image was taken by Nick James of the BAA's Comet Section. British Astronomical Association

HANDBOOK FOR 2014

NINETY-THIRD YEAR OF PUBLICATION

BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W1J 0DU Telephone 020 7734 4145 of day 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 December of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 day month of day 311 305 307 308 309 310 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 year 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 November of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 day month of day 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 year October 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 day month of day 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 September of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 day month of day 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 year Aug 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 day month of day 211 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 212 year July 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 day month of day 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 year June 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 day month of CALENDAR 2014 day 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 year May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 day month of 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 111 day 110 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 120 year April 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 day month of 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 day year March 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 day month of 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 day year February 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 day month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 day year January 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 of 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 day month Fri Fri Fri Fri Fri Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Tue Tue Tue Tue Tue Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Sun Thu Thu Thu Thu Thu Wed Wed Wed Wed Wed Mon Mon Mon Mon Mon 1. 1st January 2014 is Julian day number 2456658.5. See also p.15 2 BAA Handbook 2014 PREFACE

In June 2013 the Computing Section had its very first stand at the BAA's Exhibition which took place in Manchester. Graham Relf, the section’s webmaster showed many of the programs he has developed and asked for feedback to help make them more useful. I took the opportunity to talk to people about the Handbook and have brought back the Planetary Elements and Constants pages as there is room in this issue. The other data can be found on the Computing Section Website: http://britastro.org/computing. On the website you will also many useful programs such as "What's observable"; a program to find the exact time of Moonrise from your precise location (this is a tedious calculation, even with an example worked through in the Handbook); and a calculator for converting Heliocentric times to UTC. The website continues to develop and there are already many very useful things that you can do from the website. One of the latest facilities is a ‘star hopping’ routine, so why not take a while to check it out? The Handbook tries to highlight forthcoming astronomical events for the year but there are always events that can be missed, or are entirely unpredictable, like comets, asteroid close approaches, aurorae etc. Make sure you watch the BAA’s website for the latest news. Also, make sure you are receiving the e-bulletins.

I again remind you to try out Stellarium, (http://www.stellarium.org/) a brilliant and free sky/ planetarium piece of software. Also, there is an increasing number of astronomy applications (apps), including Stellarium, for smart phones. You point the phone at the sky and it will tell you what you are looking at. Other apps allow you to control your computer from the comfort of your warm and well-lit living room. Don't forget Cor Berrevoets' Registax too.

The BBC continues doing a grand job with their annual stargazing programmes, and despite the passing of Sir Patrick Moore, The Sky at Night is still going strong. All this means we get many new members every year, some of whom are complete beginners. Once again I would also encourage everyone to join their local astronomy society to try equipment, talk to like-minded people, and to give and receive help. It takes a long time to choose the right equipment, and learn how to use it, so make the most of your local society. The BAA’s Sections can help too. Contact the Section Directors, who will be pleased to help.

This year there is also space to put back two of the pages removed from previous years: Elements of Planetary Orbits and Astronomical and Physical Constants. You will find these on pages 109-111.

Finally, I must thank all the contributors to the Handbook. As space is at a premium on individual pages you will find them acknowledged on page 115. Contact details for many of these canbe found at the back of every Journal, alternatively email me (address below) and I shall forward your message.

August 2013 SHERIDAN WILLIAMS Director, Computing Section Email: [email protected]

BAA Handbook 2014 Preface 3 HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2014 The following events during 2014 are worthy of note: Sun and Moon: There will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon. The solar eclipses will be an annular eclipse and a partial eclipse. Both lunar eclipses are total. Only the partial penumbral phases of the second lunar eclipse are visible from Europe. The Sun has just passed its expected 11-year maximum although whether its activity will pick up or continue at its relatively low level remains to be seen. Planets, Dwarf Planets and Asteroids: The Moon occults Saturn several times during 2014. Mars is low in the sky throughout 2014. Venus is at its brightest in February, until superior conjunction in late October. It is in close conjunction with Jupiter on 18 August. Jupiter returns to prominence in 2014. It is close to Mercury at sunrise on 2 August and to Venus on 18 August. Saturn is low in the sky through the summer, and in close conjunction with the Moon several times during the year. From early April until the end of July, Ceres and Vesta are never more than 2° apart, see chart on page 114. Meteors: Among other meteor showers, the δ-Aquarids (Jul. 15- Aug. 20), the α-Capricornids (Jul. 15- Aug. 20), the Leo- nids (Nov. 15-20) and the Ursids (Dec. 17-25) are favourable in 2014. Comets: 209P/LINEAR makes its closest approach (0.055 au) to Earth on May 23.33. 2012 S1 (ISON) is close to the pole in early January, and possibly visible to the naked-eye, following its perihelion on 2013 November 28. 2012 K1 (PanSTARRS) may be a naked eye object in September. Space Probes and Artificial Satellites: Predictions for the International Space Station and other bright satellites can be found for any geographic location at: http://www.heavens-above.com Highlights by date: Feb. 11 Asteroid 2006 DP14 passes at 0.016 au, magnitude 12.7 Feb. 12 Venus at greatest brilliance Feb. 21 Moon occults Saturn after 23h from Australia/New Zealand Feb. 26 Moon 0.4° S of Venus Mar. 14 Mercury at greatest elongation Mar. 21 Moon 0.3° S of Saturn Mar. 22 Venus at greatest elongation Apr. 12 Neptune 0.7° S of Venus Apr. 14 Moon occults Saturn at 20:56 UT from Sydney/Melbourne Apr. 15 Total lunar eclipse Apr. 29 Annular solar eclipse May 14 Moon occults Saturn at ~11h from New Zealand May 23 209P/LINEAR closest approach to Earth Jun. 26 Moon occults Mercury at 11:53 UT from Greenwich Jul. 05 Rare appulse of Ceres and Vesta, 10' separation Jul. 08 Moon 0.4° S of Saturn Aug. 02 Jupiter 1° S of Mercury Aug 04 Moon occults Saturn at 11:22 UT from Sydney/Melbourne Aug. 10 Moon nearest perigee Aug. 18 Jupiter 0.2° S of Venus Aug. 31 Moon 0.4° S of Saturn Sep. 16 Asteroid 2009 RR passes at 0.002 au Oct. 23 Moon 0.1° S of Venus Oct. 23 Partial solar eclipse Oct 25 Moon occults Saturn at 16:06 UT from Greenwich Dec. 29 Moon 1° S of Uranus 4 Highlights BAA Handbook 2014 SKY DIARY m d h Phenomenon m d h Phenomenon

1 01 12 Moon 1.9° S of Pluto 7 08 02 Moon 0.4° S of Saturn 1 01 19 Pluto Conj. Sun 7 18 10 Moon 1.4° S of Uranus 1 02 12 Moon 2° S of Venus 7 24 21 Jupiter Conj. Sun 1 03 00 Meteors - Quadrantids 7 28 03 Moon Furthest Apogee 1 05 21 Jupiter Opp. Sun 8 02 16 Jupiter 1° S of Mercury

1 09 10 Juno 0.5° N of Neptune 8 03 10 Moon 2.2° S of Mars 1 11 03 Venus Inf. Conj. Sun 8 04 11 Moon 0.1° S of Saturn 1 23 10 Spica 1.3° S of the Moon 8 08 16 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun 1 25 14 Moon 0.6° S of Saturn 8 10 18 Moon Nearest Perigee 1 29 01 Moon 2° S of Pluto 8 13 00 Meteors - Perseids

1 29 03 Moon 2.3° S of Venus 8 14 17 Moon 1.2° S of Uranus 2 11 24 Venus most brilliant 8 18 04 Jupiter 0.2° S of Venus 2 15 20 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 8 29 15 Neptune Opp. Sun 2 21 22 Moon 0.3° S of Saturn 8 31 10 Moon 1.8° S of Vesta 2 22 09 Pallas Opp. Sun 8 31 19 Moon 0.4° S of Saturn

2 23 18 Neptune Conj. Sun 9 11 02 Moon 1.1° S of Uranus 2 26 05 Moon 0.4° S of Venus 9 15 01 Aldebaran 1.4° S of the Moon 3 03 11 Moon 2.4° S of Uranus 9 21 22 Mercury Greatest Annual Elong. E. 3 14 06 Mercury Greatest Annual Elong. W. 9 28 01 Moon 0.1° S of Ceres 3 21 03 Moon 0.3° S of Saturn 9 28 04 Moon 0.7° S of Saturn

3 22 11 Neptune 1.3° N of Mercury 9 28 15 Moon 0.5° S of Vesta 3 22 19 Venus Greatest Elong. West 10 04 22 Ceres 0.5° N of Saturn 3 31 00 Moon 2.2° S of Uranus 10 07 21 Uranus Opp. Sun 4 02 07 Uranus Conj. Sun 10 08 11 Moon 1.2° S of Uranus 4 08 21 Mars Opp. Sun 10 08 11 Total Lunar Eclipse

4 10 11 Moon 2.1° S of Pallas 10 12 10 Aldebaran 1.4° S of the Moon 4 13 12 Vesta Opp. Sun 10 16 21 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 4 12 08 Neptune 0.7° S of Venus 10 17 07 Venus 2.7° N of Mercury 4 14 16 Uranus 1.4° N of Mercury 10 22 22 Moon 0.7° S of Mercury 4 15 06 Ceres Opp. Sun 10 23 21 Moon 0.1° S of Venus

4 15 08 Total Lunar Eclipse 10 23 22 Partial Solar Eclipse 4 17 07 Moon 0.4° S of Saturn 10 25 17 Venus Sup. Conj. Sun 4 26 03 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun 10 25 16 Moon 1° S of Saturn 4 27 11 Moon 2.1° S of Uranus 10 26 03 Moon 1.7° S of Ceres 4 29 06 Annular Solar Eclipse 11 04 18 Moon 1.3° S of Uranus

4 29 13 Moon 1.6° S of Mercury 11 08 20 Aldebaran 1.4° S of the Moon 5 10 18 Saturn Opp. Sun 11 13 09 Saturn 1.6° N of Venus 5 14 12 Moon 0.6° S of Saturn 11 18 09 Saturn Conj. Sun 5 15 13 Uranus 1.3° N of Venus 11 21 17 Moon 1.9° S of Mercury 5 24 20 Moon 1.9° S of Uranus 11 22 05 Moon 1.3° S of Saturn

5 25 16 Moon 2.3° S of Venus 11 26 09 Saturn 1.7° N of Mercury 6 08 01 Moon 1.6° S of Mars 11 26 16 Ceres 0.9° N of Venus 6 10 19 Moon 0.6° S of Saturn 12 02 00 Moon 1.2° S of Uranus 6 19 23 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 12 06 05 Aldebaran 1.5° S of the Moon 6 21 03 Moon 1.7° S of Uranus 12 08 10 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun

6 24 13 Moon 1.3° S of Venus 12 13 00 Meteors – Geminids 6 26 12 Moon 0.3° S of Mercury 12 19 21 Moon 1.5° S of Saturn 7 04 08 Pluto Opp. Sun 12 29 05 Moon 1° S of Uranus 7 05 17 Ceres and Vesta in Conj. 7 06 01 Moon 0.2° S of Mars BAA Handbook 2014 Sky Diary 5 VISIBILITY OF PLANETS 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 The diagrams on pp 7-8, drawn for latitudes N 52° and S 35° respectively, show the times for the 27 26 risings and settings of the Sun and the planets. The beginning and end of astronomical twilight (Sun

17 16 s

18° below horizon) is also shown. The times are in Local Mean Time and are thus in GMT (= UT) DEC DEC 7 6 for Greenwich. T. rises SA 27 26 Since dates change at midnight, the dates at the top differ by one day from those at the foot. Each set MARS 17 16 URAN.sets vertical line, followed upwards, indicates the succession of phenomena in the course of one night. NOV NOV Thus, at latitude N 52° on the night of November 26-27, Venus sets at 16h 15m, Mars sets at 19h 10m, 7 6 TWILIGHT

h m h m h m h m 28 27 Jupiter rises at 22 00 , Neptune sets at 23 10 , Uranus sets at 02 50 , Saturn rises at 06 55 and NEPT.sets h m

Mercury rises at 07 10 . (Timings derived from diagram to nearest 5 minutes.) 18 17

OCT P. rises s OCT 8 7 JU The UT of any phenomenon seen from elsewhere than Greenwich may be obtained as follows: 1. For longitudes east of Greenwich, subtract the longitude, expressed as time. For longitudes 28 SAT. set 27

west of Greenwich, add the longitude expressed as time. (One degree of longitude represents 18 17 SEP SEP

4 minutes.) This applies both to rising and to setting times. 8 7 2. Correct for latitude using a value for Δh from the table below. Add Δh, for setting times and 29 28 subtract Δh for rising times. The correction should be obtained by interpolating in both latitude and declination. 19 URAN.rises 18 AUG AUG 9 8 30 29 20 19 JUL JUL 9 10 NEPT.rises

Δh TABLE 30 29 20 19

Latitude Dec. Latitude SUNSET JUN JUN 9 10

N 58° N 55° N 50° N 40° N 30° N 20° 0° S 20° S 25° S 30° S 40° S 45° MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH SUNRISE m m m m m m ° m m m m m m the horizon, respectively. 31 30 The dark/light shaded areas

+69 +29 -15 -70 -106 -134 29 +91 +45 +31 +17 -20 -43 indicate Mercury/Venus above 21 20 +62 +26 -14 -66 -100 -127 28 +87 +43 +30 +16 -19 -41 PLANETS ON HORIZON. 2014 MAY MAY +56 +24 -13 -62 -94 -120 27 +84 +41 +29 +15 -18 -39 11 10 1 LATITUDE N 52 ° +51 +22 -12 -58 -89 -114 26 +80 +39 +27 +14 -17 -37 30

+46 +20 -12 -54 -84 -107 25 +76 +37 +26 +14 -16 -35 TWILIGHT 21 20 +31 +14 -8 -40 -63 -81 20 +59 +29 +20 +11 -12 -26 APR APR +21 +10 -6 -28 -45 -58 15 +43 +21 +15 +8 -9 -19 11 JUP. sets 10 1 +13 +6 -4 -18 -29 -37 10 +28 +14 +10 +5 -6 -12 31

+6 +3 -2 -9 -14 -18 5 +14 +7 +5 +2 -3 -6 22 21 MAR MAR

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 11 2 1 If Dec. is negative, reverse the sign of Δh. SAT. rises 20 19 FEB FEB 9 10 MARS rises URAN.sets 31 30 s 21 20 1 JAN JAN NEPT.set 10 11 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16

6 Visibility of Planets BAA Handbook 2014 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 27 26

17 16 s DEC DEC 7 6 T. rises SA

27 26 MARS set MARS 17 16 URAN.sets NOV NOV 7 6

TWILIGHT 28 27 NEPT.sets 18 17

OCT P. rises s OCT 8 7 JU

28 SAT. set 27 18 17 SEP SEP 8 7 29 28

19 URAN.rises 18 AUG AUG 9 8 30 29 20 19 JUL JUL 9 10 NEPT.rises 30 29 20 19 SUNSET JUN JUN 9 10 MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH SUNRISE the horizon, respectively. 31 30 The dark/light shaded areas indicate Mercury/Venus above 21 20 PLANETS ON HORIZON. 2014 MAY MAY 11 10

LATITUDE N 52 ° 30 TWILIGHT 21 20 RISING AND SETTING OF PLANETS AND SETTING OF RISING APR APR

11 JUP. sets 10 1 31 22 21 MAR MAR 12 11 2 1 SAT. rises 20 19 FEB FEB 9 10 MARS rises URAN.sets 31 30 s 21 20 1 JAN JAN NEPT.set 10 11 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16

BAA Handbook 2014 Visibility of Planets 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 27 26 17 16 DEC DEC

7 SAT. rises 6

URAN.sets 27 26 17 16 NOV NOV 7 6 the horizon, respectively. 28 NEPT.sets 27 The dark/light shaded areas indicate Mercury/Venus above 18 17 OCT OCT MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH JUP. rises 8 7

MARS sets 28 27 PLANETS ON HORIZON. 2014 18 17 SEP SEP 8 7 LATITUDE S 35 ° 29 28 19 18 AUG AUG 9 8

30 URAN.rises 29

20 SAT. sets 19 JUL JUL 9 10 30 29 20 19 SUNRISE JUN JUN

9 TWILIGHT 10 SUNSET 31 30

21 NEPT.rises 20

ILIGHT MAY MAY 11 10

TW 1 30 RISING AND SETTING OF PLANETS AND SETTING OF RISING 21 20 APR APR

11 JUP. sets 10 1 31 22 21 MAR MAR 12 11

2 SAT. rises 1 s 20 19

FEB MARS rises FEB 9 10 URAN.set 31 30 21 20 1 JAN JAN 10

NEPT.sets 11 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 16 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

8 Visibility of Planets BAA Handbook 2014 ECLIPSES 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16

27 26 During 2014 there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon. 17 16 DEC DEC

7 SAT. rises 6 1. A total eclipse of the Moon on April 15 is visible from Australia, the Americas, the Pacific

URAN.sets Ocean and parts of Antarctica. The eclipse is visible from London and Edinburgh at Moonset. 27 26 Moonrise/Moonset times can be determined from the tables on pages 22 to 25. 17 16 NOV NOV 7 6 2. The partial phases of an annular eclipse of the Sun on April 29 are visible from the southern the horizon, respectively. 28 NEPT.sets 27 Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, Antarctica and the south-east of Australia. The annular The dark/light shaded areas indicate Mercury/Venus above phase is visible only from Terre Adélie, Antarctica. 18 17 OCT OCT MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH JUP. rises 8 7 MARS sets 3. A total eclipse of the Moon on October 8 is visible from Asia and Australia at Moonrise,

28 27 from the Pacific Ocean, and from the Americas at moonset. Moonrise times can be determined PLANETS ON HORIZON. 2014

18 17 from the tables on pages 22 to 25. SEP SEP 8 7

LATITUDE S 35 ° 4. A partial eclipse of the Sun on October 23 is visible from North east Siberia, the northern 29 28 Pacific Ocean and North America. 19 18 AUG AUG 9 8

30 URAN.rises 29 Solar Eclipse Mailing List

20 SAT. sets 19

JUL JUL The solar eclipse community is very active and there is a plethora of websites devoted entirely 9 10 to the subject.

30 29 To keep up to date join the Solar Eclipse mailing list: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SEML/ 20 19 SUNRISE JUN JUN

9 TWILIGHT 10 SUNSET Useful eclipse websites include: 31 30 For weather predictions try Jay Anderson's site: http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~jander/

21 NEPT.rises 20

ILIGHT MAY MAY For general information try Xavier Jubier's site: http://xjubier.free.fr/en/index_en.html 11 10

1 or Fred Espenak's: http://www.mreclipse.com/ 30 21 20 APR APR

11 JUP. sets 10 1 31 22 21 MAR MAR 12 11

2 SAT. rises 1 s 20 19

FEB MARS rises FEB 9 10 URAN.set 31 30 21 20 1 JAN JAN 10

NEPT.sets 11 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 16 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

BAA Handbook 2014 Eclipses 9 ECLIPSES

10 Eclipses BAA Handbook 2014 ECLIPSES

BAA Handbook 2014 Eclipses 11 ECLIPSES

12 Eclipses BAA Handbook 2014 ECLIPSES

BAA Handbook 2014 Eclipses 13 TIME

Universal Time (UT, Greenwich Mean Time beginning at midnight) is used generally throughout the Handbook.

Terrestrial Time (TT) is the uniform time system used in computing the ephemerides of the bodies of the Solar System. TT is currently ahead of UT by a small amount ΔT which must be determined by observations; thus TT = UT + ΔT The value of ΔT for July 2014 is estimated to be about 67.5 seconds.

Greenwich Mean Astronomical Time (GMAT), or Greenwich Mean Time beginning at noon, was in use before 1925 January 1, and many astronomical records prior to that date are referred to this system. To convert UT to GMAT subtract 12 hours, and to convert GMAT to UT add 12 hours.

Greenwich Sidereal Time (GST) is given in the table on p.15 at 0h UT. It may be obtained with sufficient accuracy for setting the circles of a telescope at any other time by adding 3.94 minutes for every complete day after a tabulated date, together with the correction, ΔT, for parts of a day from the table which follows:

Time ΔT Time ΔT Time ΔT Time ΔT h m m h m m h m m h m m 0 00.0 0.0 6 23.5 1.1 13 05.3 2.2 19 47.0 3.3 0 18.2 0.1 7 00.0 1.2 13 41.7 2.3 20 23.5 3.4 0 54.7 0.2 7 36.5 1.3 14 18.3 2.4 21 00.0 3.5 1 31.3 0.3 8 13.0 1.4 14 54.8 2.5 21 36.6 3.6 2 07.8 0.4 8 49.6 1.5 15 31.3 2.6 22 13.1 3.7 2 44.3 0.5 9 26.1 1.6 16 07.8 2.7 22 49.6 3.8 3 20.8 0.6 10 02.6 1.7 16 44.4 2.8 23 26.1 3.9 3 57.4 0.7 10 39.1 1.8 17 20.9 2.9 24 02.7 4.0 4 33.9 0.8 11 15.6 1.9 17 57.4 3.0 24 39.2 4.1 5 10.4 0.9 11 52.2 2.0 18 33.9 3.1 5 46.9 1.0 12 28.7 2.1 19 10.5 3.2

For greater accuracy (±0.2S) use the equation GST (at 0h UT) = 6.638850h + 0.06570982h d where d is the number of days from January 0. The tabulated sidereal time is actually the mean sidereal time. The difference between mean and apparent sidereal time is never more than about 1.2 seconds.

Local Sidereal Time (LST) and Local Hour Angle (LHA) are found from LST = GST + λ LHA = LST - RA Where λ is the longitude, expressed in time, measured positive eastwards from Greenwich.

The Julian Date, in which the day begins at noon, is used in accurate computing work and is given in the table on p.15.

The Sun’s Longitude is used as a measure of time in meteor work. It may be interpolated from the table on p.15.

14 Time BAA Handbook 2014 TIME Julian Sun's Long. Julian Sun's Long. 2014 Date GST 2000.0 2014 Date GST 2000.0 2456 h m ° 2456 h m ° Dec. 29 655.5 6 30.46 277.23 Jul. 2 840.5 18 39.83 99.87 5.10 4.77 Jan. 3 660.5 6 50.17 282.32 7 845.5 18 59.55 104.64 5.10 4.77 8 665.5 7 09.88 287.42 12 850.5 19 19.26 109.40 5.10 4.77 13 670.5 7 29.60 292.51 17 855.5 19 38.97 114.17 5.09 4.77 18 675.5 7 49.31 297.61 22 860.5 19 58.68 118.94 5.09 4.78 23 680.5 8 09.02 302.69 27 865.5 20 18.40 123.72 5.08 4.78 28 685.5 8 28.73 307.78 Aug. 1 870.5 20 38.11 128.50 5.08 4.79 Feb. 2 690.5 8 48.45 312.86 6 875.5 20 57.82 133.29 5.08 4.79 7 695.5 9 08.16 317.93 11 880.5 21 17.54 138.08 5.07 4.80 12 700.5 9 27.87 322.99 16 885.5 21 37.25 142.88 5.06 4.81 17 705.5 9 47.59 328.04 21 890.5 21 56.96 147.69 5.05 4.82 22 710.5 10 07.30 333.08 26 895.5 22 16.68 152.51 5.04 4.83 27 715.5 10 27.01 338.11 31 900.5 22 36.39 157.34 5.03 4.84 Mar. 2 720.5 10 46.72 343.13 Sep. 5 905.5 22 56.10 162.18 5.02 4.85 7 725.5 11 06.44 348.14 10 910.5 23 15.81 167.03 5.00 4.87 12 730.5 11 26.15 353.13 15 915.5 23 35.53 171.89 4.98 4.88 17 735.5 11 45.86 358.11 20 920.5 23 55.24 176.77 4.96 4.89 22 740.5 12 05.58 3.07 25 925.5 0 14.95 181.66 4.95 4.91 27 745.5 12 25.29 8.03 30 930.5 0 34.66 186.57 4.94 4.92 Apr. 3 750.5 12 45.00 12.96 Oct. 5 935.5 0 54.38 191.49 4.92 4.93 8 755.5 13 04.71 17.89 10 940.5 1 14.09 196.42 4.91 4.95 13 760.5 13 24.43 22.80 15 945.5 1 33.80 201.36 4.89 4.96 18 765.5 13 44.14 27.69 20 950.5 1 53.51 206.32 4.88 4.98 23 770.5 14 03.85 32.57 25 955.5 2 13.23 211.30 4.87 4.99 28 775.5 14 23.56 37.44 30 960.5 2 32.94 216.29 4.85 5.00 May 3 780.5 14 43.28 42.30 Nov. 4 965.5 2 52.65 221.29 4.84 5.02 8 785.5 15 02.99 47.14 9 970.5 3 12.37 226.30 4.83 5.03 13 790.5 15 22.70 51.98 14 975.5 3 32.08 231.33 4.82 5.04 18 795.5 15 42.42 56.80 19 980.5 3 51.79 236.37 4.81 5.05 23 800.5 16 02.13 61.61 24 985.5 4 11.50 241.42 4.80 5.06 28 805.5 16 21.84 66.41 29 990.5 4 31.22 246.48 4.79 5.07 Jun. 2 810.5 16 41.55 71.21 Dec. 4 995.5 4 50.93 251.55 4.79 5.08 7 815.5 17 01.27 76.00 2457 4.79 12 820.5 17 20.98 80.78 9 000.5 5 10.64 256.62 4.78 5.08 17 825.5 17 40.69 85.55 14 005.5 5 30.36 261.7 4.77 5.09 22 830.5 18 00.41 90.33 19 010.5 5 50.07 266.79 4.77 5.09 27 835.5 18 20.12 95.1 24 015.5 6 09.78 271.88 4.77 5.09 29 020.5 6 29.50 276.98 The precession in longitude from 2000.0 to 2014.0 is +0.20° and from 2000.0 to 1950.0 is -0.70°. BAA Handbook 2014 Time 15 EARTH Perihelion Jan. 4 11h 59m (147,104,780 km 0.983334719 au) Aphelion Jul. 4 00h 13m (152,093,407 km 1.016681629 au) Equinoxes Mar. 20d 16h 57m Sep. 23d 02h 29m Solstices Jun. 21d 10h 51m Dec. 21d 23h 03m Obliquity 2000.0 23.43929° 2014.0 23.43733°

SUN The tables on p.17-18 give the apparent RA, Dec. and diameter of the Sun, the UT of transit across the Greenwich meridian, and P, B0, L0 where P is the position angle of the N end of the axis of rotation. It is positive when east of the north point of the disk, negative if west;

B0 is the heliographic latitude of the centre of the disk;

L0 is the heliographic longitude of the centre of the disk.

Decrease of L0 with Time h m º h m º h m º h m º h º 0 00 0.0 1 43 1.0 3 32 2.0 5 21 3.0 6 3.3 05 0.1 54 1.1 43 2.1 32 3.1 8 4.4 16 0.2 2 05 1.2 54 2.2 43 3.2 10 5.5 27 0.3 16 1.3 4 05 2.3 54 3.3 12 6.6 38 0.4 27 1.4 16 2.4 6 05 3.4 14 7.7 49 0.5 38 1.5 27 2.5 16 3.5 16 8.8 1 00 0.6 49 1.6 38 2.6 27 3.6 18 9.9 10 0.7 3 00 1.7 49 2.7 38 3.7 20 11.0 21 0.8 10 l.8 5 00 2.8 49 3.8 22 12.1 32 0.9 21 1.9 10 2.9 7 00 3.9 24 13.2 43 1.0 32 2.0 21 3.0 10 4.0

The heliographic longitude and latitude of a spot may be conveniently estimated by the method described in J. Br. Astron. Assoc., 53, 63 (1943). The dates of commencement of the synodic rotations, in continuation of Carrington’s (Greenwich Photo-Heliographic) series, are as follows: Rotation Begins Rotation Begins Rotation Begins d d d 2146 Jan. 15.38 2151 May 31.83 2156 Oct. 14.99 2147 Feb. 11.72 2152 Jun. 28.03 2157 Nov. 11.29 2148 Mar. 11.06 2153 Jul. 25.23 2158 Dec. 8.60 2149 Apr. 7.35 2154 Aug. 21.46 2150 May 4.61 2155 Sep. 17.71

At the date of commencement of each synodic rotation period the value of L0 is zero; that is, the prime meridian passes through the central point of the disk. The sidereal period of rotation of the Sun used in physical ephemerides is 25.38 mean solar days, after Carrington; the mean synodic rotation period is 27.2753d

16 Earth and Sun BAA Handbook 2014 SUN

2014 RA Dec. Diam. Transit P B0 L0 h m ° ' ' " h m ° ° ° Dec. 29 18 32.3 -23 13 32 32 12 02 3.6 -2.7 228.9 Jan. 3 18 54.4 -22 51 32 32 12 04 1.1 -3.2 163.1 8 19 16.4 -22 16 32 32 12 07 -1.3 -3.8 97.2 13 19 38.1 -21 31 32 31 12 09 -3.7 -4.3 31.4 18 19 59.5 -20 36 32 31 12 10 -6.0 -4.8 325.6

23 20 20.7 -19 30 32 30 12 12 -8.3 -5.3 259.7 28 20 41.5 -18 16 32 29 12 13 -10.5 -5.7 193.9 Feb. 2 21 02.1 -16 54 32 28 12 14 -12.5 -6.1 128.1 7 21 22.2 -15 24 32 26 12 14 -14.5 -6.4 62.2 12 21 42.1 -13 47 32 24 12 14 -16.3 -6.7 356.4

17 22 01.6 -12 05 32 23 12 14 -18.0 -6.9 290.5 22 22 20.8 -10 18 32 20 12 13 -19.6 -7.1 224.7 27 22 39.8 -8 27 32 18 12 13 -21.0 -7.2 158.8 Mar. 4 22 58.5 -6 33 32 16 12 12 -22.2 -7.2 93.0 9 23 17.1 -4 37 32 13 12 11 -23.3 -7.2 27.1

14 23 35.5 -2 39 32 11 12 09 -24.2 -7.2 321.2 19 23 53.8 -0 40 32 08 12 08 -25.0 -7.1 255.3 24 0 12.0 1 18 32 05 12 06 -25.6 -6.9 189.4 29 0 30.2 3 16 32 03 12 05 -26.0 -6.7 123.5 Apr. 3 0 48.4 5 12 31 60 12 03 -26.2 -6.4 57.5

8 1 06.7 7 06 31 57 12 02 -26.3 -6.1 351.5 13 1 25.1 8 56 31 54 12 01 -26.1 -5.8 285.5 18 1 43.6 10 43 31 52 11 59 -25.8 -5.4 219.5 23 2 02.3 12 26 31 49 11 58 -25.3 -5.0 153.5 28 2 21.1 14 03 31 47 11 57 -24.7 -4.5 87.4

May 3 2 40.2 15 35 31 44 11 57 -23.8 -4.0 21.3 8 2 59.5 17 00 31 42 11 56 -22.7 -3.5 315.2 13 3 19.0 18 19 31 40 11 56 -21.5 -2.9 249.1 18 3 38.8 19 29 31 38 11 56 -20.2 -2.4 183.0 23 3 58.8 20 31 31 36 11 57 -18.6 -1.8 116.8

28 4 19.0 21 25 31 34 11 57 -16.9 -1.2 50.7 Jun. 2 4 39.5 22 09 31 33 11 58 -15.1 -0.6 344.5 7 5 00.0 22 43 31 31 11 59 -13.2 +0.0 278.4 12 5 20.7 23 08 31 30 12 00 -11.1 +0.6 212.2 17 5 41.5 23 22 31 29 12 01 -9.0 +1.2 146.0

22 6 02.3 23 26 31 29 12 02 -6.8 +1.8 79.8 27 6 23.1 23 20 31 28 12 03 -4.6 +2.4 13.6

BAA Handbook 2014 Sun 17 SUN

2014 RA Dec. Diam. Transit P B0 L0 h m ° ' ' " h m ° ° ° Jul. 2 6 43.8 23 03 31 28 12 04 -2.3 +3.0 307.4 7 7 04.4 22 37 31 28 12 05 0.0 +3.5 241.3 12 7 24.8 22 00 31 28 12 06 2.2 +4.0 175.1 17 7 45.1 21 15 31 28 12 06 4.5 +4.5 108.9 22 8 05.1 20 20 31 29 12 06 6.6 +5.0 42.8

27 8 24.9 19 16 31 30 12 07 8.7 +5.4 336.6 Aug. 1 8 44.5 18 05 31 31 12 06 10.8 +5.8 270.5 6 9 03.8 16 46 31 32 12 06 12.7 +6.1 204.4 11 9 22.8 15 21 31 34 12 05 14.6 +6.4 138.3 16 9 41.6 13 50 31 35 12 04 16.3 +6.7 72.2

21 10 00.2 12 13 31 37 12 03 17.9 +6.9 6.1 26 10 18.6 10 31 31 39 12 02 19.4 +7.1 300.0 31 10 36.9 8 45 31 41 12 00 20.8 +7.2 234.0 Sep. 5 10 55.0 6 55 31 43 11 59 22.0 +7.2 167.9 10 11 13.0 5 03 31 46 11 57 23.1 +7.3 101.9

15 11 30.9 3 08 31 48 11 55 24.0 +7.2 35.9 20 11 48.9 1 13 31 51 11 53 24.8 +7.1 329.8 25 12 06.8 -0 44 31 53 11 52 25.4 +7.0 263.9 30 12 24.8 -2 41 31 56 11 50 25.9 +6.8 197.9 Oct. 5 12 43.0 -4 37 31 59 11 48 26.2 +6.5 131.9

10 13 01.2 -6 32 32 02 11 47 26.3 +6.2 65.9 15 13 19.7 -8 24 32 04 11 46 26.2 +5.9 360.0 20 13 38.4 -10 14 32 07 11 45 25.9 +5.5 294.0 25 13 57.4 -11 59 32 10 11 44 25.5 +5.1 228.1 30 14 16.6 -13 41 32 12 11 44 24.8 +4.6 162.1

Nov. 4 14 36.2 -15 16 32 15 11 44 24.0 +4.1 96.2 9 14 56.1 -16 46 32 17 11 44 22.9 +3.6 30.3 14 15 16.4 -18 08 32 20 11 44 21.7 +3.0 324.4 19 15 37.0 -19 23 32 22 11 45 20.3 +2.4 258.4 24 15 58.0 -20 29 32 24 11 47 18.7 +1.8 192.5

29 16 19.3 -21 25 32 26 11 48 16.9 +1.2 126.6 Dec. 4 16 40.9 -22 11 32 27 11 50 15.0 +0.5 60.7 9 17 02.7 -22 47 32 29 11 52 12.9 -0.1 354.9 14 17 24.7 -23 11 32 30 11 55 10.7 -0.8 289.0 19 17 46.9 -23 24 32 31 11 57 8.4 -1.4 223.1

24 18 09.1 -23 25 32 31 12 00 6.1 -2.0 157.2 29 18 31.2 -23 14 32 32 12 02 3.7 -2.6 91.4 Jan. 3 18 53.3 -22 52 32 32 12 04 1.2 -3.2 25.5

18 Sun BAA Handbook 2014 MOON

PHASES OF THE MOON New Moon First Quarter Full Moon Last Quarter d h m d h m d h m d h m Jan. 1 11 14 Jan. 8 3 39 Jan. 16 4 52 Jan. 24 5 19 Jan. 30 21 39 Feb. 6 19 22 Feb. 14 23 53 Feb. 22 17 15 Mar. 1 8 0 Mar. 8 13 27 Mar. 16 17 8 Mar. 24 1 46 Mar. 30 18 45 Apr. 7 8 31 Apr. 15 7 42 Apr. 22 7 52 Apr. 29 6 14 May 7 3 15 May 14 19 16 May 21 12 59 May 28 18 40 Jun. 5 20 39 Jun. 13 4 11 Jun. 19 18 39 Jun. 27 8 08 Jul. 5 11 59 Jul. 12 11 25 Jul. 19 2 8 Jul. 26 22 42 Aug. 4 0 50 Aug. 10 18 9 Aug. 17 12 26 Aug. 25 14 13 Sep. 2 11 11 Sep. 9 1 38 Sep. 16 2 5 Sep. 24 6 14 Oct. 1 19 33 Oct. 8 10 51 Oct. 15 19 12 Oct. 23 21 57 Oct. 31 2 48 Nov. 6 22 23 Nov. 14 15 16 Nov. 22 12 32 Nov. 29 10 6 Dec. 6 12 27 Dec. 14 12 51 Dec. 22 1 36 Dec. 28 18 32

APSIDES PERIGEE APOGEE Date Diam. Date Diam. Date Diam. Date Diam. d h ' " d h ' " d h ' " d h ' " Jan. 1 21 33 28 Jul. 13 8 33 20 Jan. 16 2 29 23 Jul. 28 3 29 23 Jan. 30 10 33 27 Aug. 10 18 33 28 Feb. 12 5 29 24 Aug. 24 6 29 23 Feb. 27 20 33 8 Sep. 8 4 33 20 Mar. 11 20 29 28 Sep. 20 14 29 26 Mar. 27 19 32 40 Oct. 6 10 32 57 Apr. 8 15 29 32 Oct. 18 6 29 30 Apr. 23 0 32 18 Nov. 3 1 32 28 May 6 10 29 32 Nov. 15 2 29 32 May 18 12 32 32 Nov. 27 23 32 18 Jun. 3 4 29 30 Dec. 12 23 29 31 Jun. 15 4 32 59 Dec. 24 17 32 44 Jun. 30 19 29 25

LIBRATION Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Date Size P Date Size P Date Size P Date Size P d º º d º º d º º d º º Jan. 6.36 8.4 215 Jan. 13.06 6.0 315 Jun. 27.34 6.9 336 Jul. 2.70 5.9 59 Jan. 25.13 7.8 119 Jan. 30.50 6.5 168 Jul. 8.96 8.0 131 Jul. 14.62 6.2 184 Feb. 4.52 7.7 235 Feb. 11.01 6.6 341 Jul. 22.58 7.7 301 Jul. 30.47 5.2 64 Feb. 12.75 6.6 10 Feb. 17.75 6.2 81 Aug. 6.21 8.8 133 Aug. 11.98 5.4 189 Feb. 23.89 7.7 136 Mar. 1.60 5.8 193 Aug. 18.78 8.6 297 Aug. 27.38 4.4 70 Mar. 7.85 7.1 298 Mar. 18.33 5.4 98 Sep. 3.37 9.0 135 Sep. 9.28 4.4 195 Mar. 24.46 7.3 147 Mar. 30.46 4.8 212 Sep. 15.80 9.0 306 Sep. 24.18 3.7 76 Apr. 6.55 7.1 338 Apr. 15.51 5.2 111 Oct. 1.29 8.5 139 Oct. 7.40 3.3 203 Apr. 21.48 6.9 159 Apr. 27.59 4.4 228 Oct. 13.82 8.8 315 Oct. 21.67 3.5 79 May 4.57 6.9 351 May 13.62 5.7 121 Oct. 28.78 7.7 146 Nov. 4.18 2.8 212 May 19.42 6.7 171 May 25.43 4.9 242 Nov. 10.66 8.3 324 Nov. 17.70 3.7 75 May 31.88 6.8 351 Jun. 5.61 6.3 64 Nov. 24.68 7.3 151 Dec. 1.49 3.2 221 Jun. 10.71 6.8 127 Jun. 15.02 6.6 165 Dec. 8.13 7.8 328 Dec. 14.55 3.8 68 Jun. 16.84 6.6 183 Jun. 21.91 6.2 249 Dec. 21.05 7.7 143 Dec. 28.02 4.3 216

Note: Size of libration is given as an angle measured at the centre of the Moon. Position angle (P) on the face of the Moon is measured through celestial East from the North point of the disk.

BAA Handbook 2014 Moon 19 SUN’S SELENOGRAPHIC COLONGITUDE Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 265.3 282.3 262.9 280.6 286.5 305.1 311.8 330.7 349.3 7.6 13.1 18.2 2 277.5 294.5 275.1 292.8 298.8 317.4 324.0 342.9 1.5 19.8 25.3 30.3 3 289.7 306.7 287.3 305.0 311.0 329.6 336.2 355.1 13.7 31.9 37.4 42.5 4 301.9 318.9 299.5 317.2 323.2 341.9 348.5 7.3 25.9 44.1 49.6 54.6 5 314.1 331.1 311.7 329.4 335.4 354.1 0.7 19.5 38.1 56.3 61.7 66.8

6 326.3 343.2 323.9 341.6 347.7 6.3 12.9 31.8 50.3 68.4 73.9 78.9 7 338.4 355.4 336.1 353.8 359.9 18.5 25.1 44.0 62.5 80.6 86.0 91.0 8 350.6 7.6 348.3 6.0 12.1 30.7 37.4 56.1 74.7 92.7 98.2 103.1 9 2.8 19.7 0.5 18.2 24.3 42.9 49.6 68.3 86.8 104.9 110.3 115.3 10 14.9 31.9 12.7 30.4 36.5 55.1 61.7 80.5 99.0 117.1 122.4 127.4

11 27.1 44.0 24.8 42.6 48.7 67.3 73.9 92.7 111.2 129.2 134.6 139.6 12 39.2 56.2 37.0 54.8 60.9 79.5 86.1 104.9 123.4 141.4 146.8 151.7 13 51.3 68.3 49.2 66.9 73.0 91.7 98.3 117.1 135.5 153.6 158.9 163.8 14 63.5 80.4 61.3 79.1 85.2 103.9 110.5 129.3 147.7 165.7 171.1 176.0 15 75.6 92.6 73.5 91.3 97.4 116.1 122.7 141.4 159.9 177.9 183.2 188.2

16 87.7 104.7 85.6 103.4 109.6 128.3 134.9 153.6 172.1 190.1 195.4 200.3 17 99.9 116.9 97.8 115.6 121.8 140.5 147.1 165.9 184.3 202.3 207.6 212.5 18 112.0 129.0 109.9 127.8 133.9 152.7 159.3 178.1 196.5 214.5 219.8 224.7 19 124.1 141.1 122.1 140.0 146.1 164.9 171.5 190.3 208.7 226.7 232.0 236.9 20 136.3 153.3 134.2 152.1 158.3 177.1 183.7 202.5 221.0 238.9 244.2 249.0

21 148.4 165.4 146.4 164.3 170.5 189.3 196.0 214.7 233.2 251.1 256.4 261.2 22 160.5 177.6 158.6 176.5 182.8 201.5 208.2 227.0 245.4 263.3 268.6 273.4 23 172.7 189.8 170.7 188.7 195.0 213.8 220.4 239.2 257.6 275.5 280.8 285.6 24 184.9 202.0 182.9 200.9 207.2 226.0 232.7 251.4 269.9 287.8 293.0 297.8 25 197.0 214.1 195.1 213.1 219.4 238.3 244.9 263.7 282.1 300.0 305.1 310.0

26 209.2 226.3 207.3 225.4 231.7 250.5 257.2 275.9 294.3 312.2 317.3 322.2 27 221.4 238.5 219.5 237.6 243.9 262.8 269.4 288.2 306.5 324.4 329.5 334.3 28 233.5 250.7 231.7 249.8 256.2 275.0 281.7 300.4 318.8 336.6 341.7 346.5 29 245.7 243.9 262.1 268.4 287.3 293.9 312.6 331.0 348.8 353.9 358.7 30 257.9 256.1 274.3 280.7 299.5 306.2 324.9 343.2 0.9 6.0 10.8

31 270.1 268.4 292.9 318.4 337.1 13.1 23.0

The Sun’s selenographic colongitude is numerically equal to the selenographic longitude of the morning terminator, measured towards celestial East from the mean centre of the disk. Its value is approximately 270° at New Moon, 0° at First Quarter, 90° at Full Moon, and 180° at Last Quarter. Observers should always quote the west or east longitude of the morning or evening terminator, as appropriate. These values are obtained from the Sun’s selenographic colongitude S as follows: Terminator S Longitude New Moon to First Quarter Morning 270° to 360° 360°-S West First Quarter to Full Moon Morning 0° to 90° S East Full Moon to Last Quarter Evening 90° to 180° 180°-S West Last Quarter to New Moon Evening 180° to 270° S-180° East The hourly increase in S may be taken as 0.5°

20 Moon BAA Handbook 2014 MOONRISE AND MOONSET

On the two following pages are given the times (UT) of moonrise and moonset for longitude 0°, in the standard latitudes of N 52° and S 35°. Observers in most other latitudes can determine approximate times using the following method, where the times of moonrise and moonset are for the standard latitude in the same hemisphere as the observer. The basis of the method is given in J. Br. Astron. Assoc., 86, 416 (1976).

N 52° S 35° 1. For a moonrise, R1, use the previous moonset, S0, and the following moon- a Dec. a set, S2. Form m a = -2R1+S0+S2+8 h m ° h m 0 00 0 0 00 2. For a moonset, S1, use the previous moonrise, R0, and the following moonrise, R2. Form 0 21 1 0 12 m a = 2S1-R0-R2+8 0 42 2 0 23 3. Enter the table on the right with argument a and obtain the Moon’s Dec., 1 03 3 0 35 by mental interpolation, to 0.1º. 1 25 4 0 46 4. Enter the table on p.6 with this Dec. and the required latitude to obtain 1 46 5 0 58 Δh. 2 07 6 1 10 2 29 7 1 21 5. Moonrise for required latitude = R1 - 1.04 Δh. 2 51 8 1 33 Moonset for required latitude = S1 + 1.04 Δh. The accuracy of the times so derived is ±3m. 3 13 9 1 45 The times thus found are for longitude 0º. 3 35 10 1 57 For other longitudes it is necessary to calculate the times of the previous 3 58 11 2 09 (following) similar phenomenon at the standard latitude if the observer is 4 20 12 2 21 east (west) of Greenwich and then interpolate them to the observer’s longi- 4 44 13 2 33 tude. 5 07 14 2 46 These calculations are most conveniently carried out using a spreadsheet or 5 31 15 2 58 suitable applet. Observers are referred to the BAA's Computing Section web- 5 56 16 3 11 page for support in doing these calculations: 6 21 17 3 24 http://britastro.org/computing/applets_moonrts.html 6 46 18 3 37 7 12 19 3 51 7 39 20 4 04 8 07 21 4 18 8 35 22 4 32 9 05 23 4 46 9 36 24 5 01 10 08 25 5 16 10 41 26 5 31 11 16 27 5 47 11 53 28 6 03 12 31 29 6 20

same opp sign }Dec{sign as a to a

BAA Handbook 2014 Moonrise and Moonset 21 MOONRISE AND MOONSET MOONRISE AND MOONSET

LATITUDE N 52º LATITUDE N 52º

January February March April May June July August September October November December Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Day h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m

1 07:37 16:36 08:01 19:29 06:26 18:18 06:17 20:57 06:00 21:52 07:18 22:39 08:11 22:02 10:16 21:38 12:31 21:46 13:21 22:22 13:57 --:-- 13:25 01:25 2 08:24 17:55 08:29 20:49 06:54 19:38 06:49 22:06 06:45 22:44 08:18 23:08 09:14 22:25 11:22 22:03 13:35 22:32 14:08 23:30 14:26 01:04 13:53 02:41 3 09:02 19:17 08:55 22:06 07:21 20:55 07:26 23:08 07:36 23:28 09:20 23:34 10:18 22:47 12:29 22:32 14:34 23:28 14:49 --:-- 14:54 02:22 14:23 03:55 4 09:34 20:38 09:22 23:20 07:49 22:09 08:08 --:-- 08:31 --:-- 10:23 23:57 11:22 23:09 13:37 23:07 15:27 --:-- 15:24 00:44 15:22 03:40 14:57 05:08 5 10:02 21:57 09:50 --:-- 08:19 23:19 08:55 00:04 09:30 00:06 11:26 --:-- 12:28 23:33 14:44 23:49 16:13 00:34 15:56 02:03 15:52 04:57 15:36 06:17

6 10:28 23:13 10:20 00:30 08:53 --:-- 09:47 00:52 10:31 00:38 12:31 00:19 13:36 --:-- 15:48 --:-- 16:53 01:47 16:25 03:23 16:24 06:13 16:21 07:20 7 10:53 --:-- 10:54 01:36 09:31 00:24 10:43 01:33 11:33 01:06 13:37 00:42 14:45 00:00 16:47 00:41 17:28 03:07 16:54 04:43 17:01 07:26 17:12 08:17 8 11:19 00:26 11:33 02:37 10:14 01:22 11:43 02:07 12:37 01:30 14:46 01:05 15:55 00:32 17:39 01:43 17:59 04:29 17:24 06:03 17:44 08:33 18:08 09:05 9 11:46 01:36 12:18 03:32 11:03 02:14 12:44 02:37 13:42 01:53 15:56 01:31 17:04 01:11 18:23 02:56 18:28 05:52 17:55 07:22 18:32 09:34 19:08 09:46 10 12:17 02:43 13:08 04:20 11:56 02:58 13:48 03:04 14:48 02:16 17:07 02:01 18:07 01:59 19:00 04:15 18:57 07:13 18:30 08:37 19:25 10:26 20:10 10:20

11 12:52 03:47 14:03 05:01 12:54 03:36 14:52 03:28 15:56 02:39 18:18 02:37 19:04 02:58 19:33 05:38 19:27 08:33 19:10 09:47 20:23 11:11 21:12 10:49 12 13:33 04:45 15:02 05:37 13:54 04:08 15:58 03:51 17:07 03:04 19:25 03:21 19:51 04:07 20:02 07:01 20:00 09:49 19:54 10:51 21:23 11:48 22:15 11:15 13 14:20 05:37 16:04 06:07 14:57 04:36 17:06 04:14 18:18 03:32 20:25 04:15 20:31 05:25 20:31 08:22 20:36 11:00 20:44 11:47 22:24 12:19 23:17 11:38 14 15:12 06:23 17:07 06:34 16:01 05:02 18:15 04:37 19:30 04:05 21:16 05:20 21:05 06:46 20:59 09:42 21:17 12:06 21:39 12:35 23:27 12:47 --:-- 12:01 15 16:09 07:02 18:12 06:58 17:06 05:25 19:26 05:03 20:38 04:44 21:58 06:33 21:35 08:08 21:29 10:57 22:02 13:05 22:36 13:15 --:-- 13:11 00:21 12:23

16 17:10 07:35 19:17 07:21 18:13 05:48 20:37 05:33 21:41 05:33 22:34 07:51 22:02 09:28 22:01 12:09 22:53 13:56 23:37 13:49 00:29 13:34 01:25 12:46 17 18:12 08:04 20:23 07:43 19:21 06:11 21:46 06:08 22:35 06:31 23:04 09:10 22:29 10:46 22:38 13:17 23:48 14:40 --:-- 14:18 01:33 13:57 02:31 13:12 18 19:16 08:29 21:31 08:06 20:30 06:35 22:51 06:51 23:21 07:38 23:31 10:28 22:56 12:01 23:19 14:18 --:-- 15:17 00:38 14:44 02:37 14:20 03:38 13:41 19 20:20 08:53 22:39 08:30 21:39 07:02 23:49 07:42 23:59 08:51 23:57 11:45 23:26 13:13 --:-- 15:13 00:46 15:48 01:40 15:08 03:43 14:44 04:46 14:17 20 21:26 09:14 23:48 08:57 22:48 07:32 --:-- 08:42 --:-- 10:07 --:-- 13:00 23:59 14:22 00:06 16:01 01:47 16:16 02:43 15:31 04:50 15:12 05:54 15:00

21 22:32 09:36 --:-- 09:29 23:55 08:09 00:38 09:49 00:31 11:24 00:23 14:13 --:-- 15:26 00:58 16:41 02:49 16:41 03:48 15:54 05:59 15:45 06:58 15:52 22 23:40 09:59 00:57 10:07 --:-- 08:53 01:20 11:02 00:59 12:41 00:51 15:23 00:37 16:25 01:54 17:16 03:52 17:04 04:53 16:17 07:07 16:24 07:56 16:54 23 --:-- 10:24 02:03 10:55 00:57 09:46 01:56 12:18 01:25 13:56 01:21 16:30 01:20 17:17 02:54 17:46 04:55 17:27 05:59 16:43 08:12 17:11 08:46 18:05 24 00:50 10:52 03:04 11:52 01:52 10:48 02:26 13:35 01:51 15:10 01:56 17:33 02:08 18:03 03:55 18:13 06:00 17:50 07:07 17:13 09:12 18:07 09:29 19:20 25 02:00 11:27 03:58 12:59 02:39 11:58 02:54 14:52 02:18 16:22 02:35 18:30 03:02 18:41 04:57 18:37 07:05 18:14 08:14 17:47 10:05 19:11 10:05 20:39

26 03:11 12:10 04:44 14:14 03:20 13:13 03:21 16:08 02:46 17:33 03:21 19:20 04:00 19:14 06:00 19:00 08:11 18:41 09:20 18:29 10:50 20:22 10:36 21:57 27 04:18 13:03 05:23 15:34 03:54 14:32 03:47 17:23 03:19 18:40 04:12 20:03 05:00 19:43 07:04 19:22 09:17 19:11 10:22 19:18 11:29 21:37 11:04 23:14 28 05:18 14:08 05:57 16:56 04:24 15:51 04:15 18:37 03:56 19:41 05:08 20:40 06:02 20:08 08:08 19:45 10:23 19:47 11:18 20:16 12:02 22:53 11:31 --:-- 29 06:10 15:22 04:52 17:10 04:46 19:47 04:38 20:36 06:08 21:11 07:05 20:31 09:13 20:09 11:27 20:30 12:07 21:21 12:31 --:-- 11:58 00:30 30 06:54 16:43 05:19 18:28 05:20 20:53 05:26 21:24 07:09 21:38 08:08 20:53 10:19 20:36 12:27 21:22 12:49 22:32 12:58 00:09 12:27 01:45

31 07:30 18:06 05:47 19:44 06:20 22:05 09:12 21:15 11:25 21:08 13:25 23:47 12:59 02:57

22 Moonrise and Moonset BAA Handbook 2014 MOONRISE AND MOONSET MOONRISE AND MOONSET

LATITUDE N 52º LATITUDE N 52º

31 07:30 18:06 05:47 19:44 06:20 22:05 09:12 21:15 11:25 21:08 13:25 23:47 12:59 02:57

BAA Handbook 2014 Moonrise and Moonset 23 MOONRISE AND MOONSET MOONRISE AND MOONSET

LATITUDE S 35º LATITUDE S 35º

1 04:52 19:13 07:07 20:04 05:50 18:34 07:53 19:04 08:37 19:10 09:41 20:27 09:29 21:00 09:39 22:32 10:10 --:-- 10:41 00:04 12:48 01:15 13:56 01:13 2 06:01 20:04 08:15 20:42 06:59 19:13 08:55 19:46 09:30 19:59 10:20 21:21 10:01 21:54 10:12 23:28 10:57 00:16 11:42 00:57 13:54 01:55 15:00 01:51 3 07:12 20:50 09:22 21:20 08:05 19:52 09:54 20:32 10:19 20:50 10:55 22:14 10:33 22:48 10:48 --:-- 11:51 01:14 12:46 01:47 15:00 02:35 16:03 02:30 4 08:22 21:32 10:26 21:58 09:10 20:31 10:49 21:19 11:04 21:43 11:28 23:08 11:04 23:43 11:28 00:27 12:50 02:10 13:53 02:34 16:07 03:13 17:05 03:12 5 09:30 22:10 11:27 22:36 10:12 21:12 11:40 22:09 11:44 22:36 12:00 --:-- 11:37 --:-- 12:13 01:26 13:54 03:04 15:01 03:17 17:12 03:53 18:05 03:56

6 10:35 22:46 12:26 23:16 11:11 21:54 12:26 23:00 12:21 23:30 12:31 00:02 12:12 00:40 13:05 02:26 15:03 03:55 16:10 03:59 18:17 04:34 19:02 04:43 7 11:38 23:22 13:23 23:59 12:07 22:40 13:09 23:53 12:56 --:-- 13:04 00:58 12:50 01:39 14:03 03:26 16:13 04:42 17:18 04:39 19:20 05:18 19:54 05:34 8 12:39 23:59 14:16 --:-- 13:00 23:27 13:47 --:-- 13:28 00:24 13:38 01:55 13:34 02:39 15:07 04:24 17:23 05:26 18:26 05:19 20:19 06:04 20:42 06:27 9 13:38 --:-- 15:06 00:44 13:48 --:-- 14:23 00:46 14:00 01:18 14:15 02:54 14:23 03:42 16:16 05:18 18:33 06:07 19:32 06:01 21:14 06:54 21:25 07:21 10 14:35 00:37 15:53 01:32 14:32 00:17 14:57 01:40 14:33 02:14 14:57 03:55 15:20 04:44 17:27 06:08 19:42 06:48 20:36 06:43 22:03 07:46 22:03 08:16

11 15:29 01:17 16:35 02:23 15:13 01:09 15:30 02:35 15:06 03:11 15:45 04:58 16:23 05:44 18:38 06:54 20:48 07:29 21:37 07:29 22:48 08:39 22:39 09:10 12 16:21 02:00 17:15 03:15 15:50 02:01 16:02 03:30 15:43 04:10 16:39 06:01 17:31 06:41 19:48 07:36 21:52 08:10 22:33 08:16 23:29 09:33 23:12 10:04 13 17:10 02:47 17:51 04:08 16:25 02:55 16:35 04:27 16:23 05:11 17:39 07:03 18:41 07:33 20:56 08:16 22:53 08:53 23:25 09:06 --:-- 10:27 23:43 10:57 14 17:55 03:36 18:25 05:02 16:58 03:49 17:10 05:25 17:07 06:13 18:44 08:01 19:51 08:20 22:02 08:56 23:51 09:38 --:-- 09:58 00:05 11:21 --:-- 11:51 15 18:37 04:27 18:58 05:57 17:31 04:45 17:48 06:24 17:58 07:16 19:52 08:54 21:00 09:03 23:06 09:35 --:-- 10:25 00:11 10:50 00:39 12:14 00:14 12:45

16 19:15 05:20 19:29 06:52 18:03 05:40 18:29 07:26 18:54 08:18 21:01 09:42 22:07 09:43 --:-- 10:16 00:44 11:15 00:53 11:43 01:12 13:08 00:46 13:40 17 19:50 06:13 20:01 07:48 18:36 06:37 19:15 08:27 19:55 09:17 22:08 10:26 23:12 10:21 00:07 10:58 01:32 12:06 01:32 12:37 01:43 14:02 01:20 14:37 18 20:23 07:08 20:35 08:44 19:12 07:35 20:06 09:29 20:59 10:12 23:14 11:06 --:-- 10:59 01:05 11:43 02:16 12:58 02:07 13:30 02:15 14:57 01:57 15:36 19 20:55 08:02 21:10 09:42 19:50 08:35 21:03 10:28 22:06 11:01 --:-- 11:43 00:15 11:37 01:59 12:30 02:56 13:51 02:40 14:24 02:48 15:54 02:37 16:36 20 21:26 08:57 21:49 10:41 20:32 09:35 22:04 11:24 23:12 11:45 00:18 12:20 01:16 12:17 02:49 13:20 03:33 14:44 03:12 15:18 03:24 16:53 03:23 17:36

21 21:58 09:53 22:32 11:41 21:18 10:35 23:08 12:15 --:-- 12:26 01:21 12:57 02:15 12:59 03:36 14:11 04:07 15:38 03:44 16:13 04:03 17:52 04:15 18:36 22 22:32 10:49 23:20 12:41 22:10 11:35 --:-- 13:02 00:17 13:04 02:22 13:35 03:11 13:44 04:18 15:03 04:40 16:32 04:17 17:09 04:46 18:53 05:13 19:32 23 23:08 11:48 --:-- 13:41 23:08 12:33 00:13 13:45 01:21 13:41 03:22 14:16 04:03 14:32 04:57 15:57 05:12 17:26 04:51 18:07 05:35 19:52 06:16 20:25 24 23:49 12:48 00:15 14:39 --:-- 13:27 01:19 14:25 02:24 14:18 04:20 14:59 04:52 15:22 05:33 16:50 05:44 18:21 05:28 19:05 06:29 20:49 07:23 21:13 25 --:-- 13:50 01:16 15:34 00:10 14:17 02:24 15:03 03:27 14:55 05:15 15:46 05:37 16:15 06:06 17:44 06:17 19:17 06:08 20:04 07:28 21:42 08:30 21:57

26 00:35 14:53 02:22 16:24 01:15 15:04 03:29 15:40 04:28 15:35 06:07 16:35 06:19 17:08 06:38 18:38 06:51 20:14 06:52 21:03 08:31 22:31 09:38 22:37 27 01:28 15:55 03:31 17:11 02:22 15:46 04:33 16:18 05:28 16:17 06:55 17:27 06:56 18:01 07:10 19:32 07:28 21:12 07:42 22:00 09:35 23:15 10:44 23:16 28 02:28 16:53 04:41 17:54 03:30 16:27 05:37 16:57 06:26 17:02 07:39 18:20 07:31 18:55 07:42 20:27 08:09 22:10 08:37 22:54 10:41 23:57 11:49 23:54 29 03:34 17:48 04:37 17:06 06:39 17:39 07:21 17:51 08:19 19:13 08:04 19:48 08:14 21:23 08:55 23:08 09:36 23:45 11:46 --:-- 12:53 --:-- 30 04:44 18:38 05:44 17:44 07:39 18:23 08:12 18:41 08:55 20:07 08:36 20:42 08:49 22:19 09:45 --:-- 10:38 --:-- 12:51 00:35 13:56 00:32

31 05:56 19:22 06:49 18:23 08:59 19:34 09:07 21:37 09:27 23:17 11:42 00:31 14:57 01:12

24 Moonrise and Moonset BAA Handbook 2014 MOONRISE AND MOONSET MOONRISE AND MOONSET

LATITUDE S 35º LATITUDE S 35º

31 05:56 19:22 06:49 18:23 08:59 19:34 09:07 21:37 09:27 23:17 11:42 00:31 14:57 01:12

BAA Handbook 2014 Moonrise and Moonset 25 LUNAR OCCULTATIONS Except near new and full Moon, occultations of all stars down to magnitude 6.0, visible from the three pairs of stations whose co-ordinates are tabulated below, are given in the following lists. ZC numbers refer to the Zodiacal Catalog (Astr. Papers of the American Ephemeris, X, part II, 1940). Long. (λ) Lat. (φ) Long. (λ) Lat. (φ) ° ° ° ° Greenwich 0.0 +51.5 Edinburgh -3.2 +56.0 Sydney +151.2 -33.9 Melbourne +145.1 -37.9 Dunedin +170.5 -45.9 Wellington +174.8 -41.3

Phase (Ph.). The first letter indicates whether disappearance (D) or reappearance (R). The second letter indicates whether the limb is dark (D) or bright (B). Column 7 gives the Elongation of the Moon from the Sun. P is the position angle of the star, measured to the celestial east (anticlockwise) from the northernmost point of the Moon’s limb. The time (T) of occultation at a place Δλ degrees east and Δφ degrees north of one of the stations for which a prediction is given may be found from: T = predicted time + a Δλ + b Δφ for which the coefficients a and b are given in the table in minutes. If the observer is west of the station, Δλ is taken as negative: similarly Δφ is negative if the observer is south of the station. For distances up to 500 km the error will not usually exceed 2 minutes. If the observer is at a place between two standard stations, for both of which the coefficients a and b are given, a better result can be obtained by using the values of a and b for a latitude midway between that of the observer and the nearer station. If φ1, a1, b1 apply to this station, and (φ2, a2,b2 to the more distant, and φ is the latitude of the observer, then

Observers should note that these calculations are prone to error propagation and are best done using a spreadsheet or appropriate app. Suitable support is available on the BAA website.

Notes: Predictions have been prepared using Occult 4 software.

For stars not identified by a Greek letter, Flamsteed number or variable star designation, the HIP catalogue number is provided.

An occultation of Mercury was found using "Fixed Region Bright Grazes" ( Occult 4 ) and the circumstances for the total occultation at London were obtained approximately by software simulation. This may be of interest to planetary imagers. For safety reasons, please be aware of the small solar elongation of 10 degrees.

When an occultation is given for one station of a pair, but not the other, the exclusion indicates the event is probably not observable at that station due to a miss, Moon elevation too low, sky too bright, or the event occurs on the bright limb. Observability is determined by a sophisticated algorithm in ‘Occult 4’.

A more detailed list of occultations is printed monthly in the Lunar Section Circulars, available on the BAA web site. Alternatively, keen observers may like to download Occult to generate predictions for their site, from: http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/occult4.htm (free for non-commercial use). Further links can be found on the Internet Resources Page.

26 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2014 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations GREENWICH EDINBURGH E 0.0º N 51.5º W 3.2º N 56.0º Date Star V Ph. El. of ZC Name Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m/º m/º º h m m/º m/º º

Jan. 7 98 60 Psc 6.0 DD 86 21 16.6 +0.6 +1.8 16 6 3508 21 Psc 5.8 DD 72 16 58.2 +2.5 -2.3 132 13 764 104 Tau 4.9 DD 145 0 14.4 +0.6 -4.1 150 17 1359 κ Cnc 5.2 RD 160 21 5.5 +0.4 +2.7 245 23 1886 HIP 64122 5.6 RD 103 0 55.3 +0.2 -0.4 330 0 52.3 +0.0 -0.9 344

Feb. 7 577 HIP 18170 6.0 DD 101 18 29.1 +1.5 +1.1 65 18 30.9 +1.2 +1.7 49 8 718 HIP 22176 6.0 DD 113 19 53.9 +1.5 +4.7 22 9 832 119 Tau 4.3 DD 122 16 18.2 +1.0 +0.6 121 16 19.7 +0.7 +1.2 107 9 832 119 Tau 4.3 RB 123 17 17.5 +0.8 +2.7 230 17 25.9 +0.8 +2.1 245 9 836 120 Tau 5.7 DD 123 17 16.8 +1.9 -2.2 150 17 9.4 +1.1 +0.2 128

11 1029 26 Gem 5.2 DD 137 3 59.6 -0.2 -1.4 87 3 53.6 -0.1 -1.5 83 11 1106 λ Gem 3.6 DD 146 20 10.7 +1.4 -5.5 169 19 54.7 +1.2 -1.2 144 11 1106 λ Gem 3.6 RB 146 20 40.3 +2.0 +6.3 211 20 51.3 +1.5 +2.4 235 13 1332 60 Cnc 5.4 DD 167 20 30.9 +1.1 +0.1 124 20 29.6 +0.9 +0.8 111 14 1359 κ Cnc 5.2 DD 169 4 23.0 +0.4 -1.6 92 4 14.1 +0.5 -1.7 88

21 2118 α Lib 2.8 DB 108 7 33.1 +1.1 -1.8 128 7 22.3 +1.1 -1.5 123 23 2401 HIP 81754 5.6 RD 83 7 11.4 +1.4 +0.3 229 Mar. 7 658 68 Tau 4.3 RB 81 18 28.6 +1.6 -0.7 273 18 19.9 +1.4 -1.0 287 9 944 HIP 29616 5.9 DD 104 21 12.2 +0.4 -5.0 163 13 1318 50 Cnc 5.9 DD 138 0 29.0 +1.3 -0.9 71 0 21.0 +1.4 -0.7 65

13 1397 ω Leo 5.5 DD 148 21 4.8 +0.0 -5.7 182 20 47.8 +0.8 -2.1 161 25 2826 ρ1 Sgr 3.9 DB 75 4 25.8 +1.1 +1.2 86 25 2826 ρ1 Sgr 3.9 RD 75 5 36.7 +1.3 +0.9 258 5 36.9 +1.1 +0.9 262 Apr. 7 1147 68 Gem 5.3 DD 95 18 38.6 +1.6 -0.7 106 18 32.1 +1.5 -0.1 94 17 2159 ν Lib 5.2 RD 158 2 26.0 +1.1 -2.0 343 2 14.4 +0.7 -2.0 351

May 1 648 δ1 Tau 3.8 DD 26 8 50.5 +0.3 +1.7 79 8 58.1 +0.1 +1.9 69 1 648 δ1 Tau 3.8 RB 27 9 54.8 +0.6 +1.7 259 9 59.9 +0.6 +1.5 271 1 653 64 Tau 4.8 DD 26 9 27.4 +0.8 +0.9 115 9 30.6 +0.5 +1.3 102 4 1106 λ Gem 3.6 DD 65 20 19.3 +1.8 +0.8 39 Graze nearby 25 180 ζ Psc A 5.2 RD 44 3 33.3 +0.1 +1.8 240

31 1073 HIP 33937 5.9 DD 35 20 50.0 -0.4 -2.1 139 Jun. 3 1397 ω Leo 5.5 DD 68 21 46.9 +0.1 -2.0 123 21 37.0 +0.2 -2.0 119 6 1685 υ Leo 4.3 DD 99 15 6.9 +1.5 +4.7 48 15 2826 ρ1 Sgr 3.9 DB 154 0 12.8 +1.3 +1.2 53 15 2826 ρ1 Sgr 3.9 RD 154 1 16.3 +1.5 +0.0 288 1 12.0 +1.3 +0.1 294

26 Mercury 3.5 DB 10 11 53 +0.0 +0.0 30 26 Mercury 3.5 RD 10 12 25 +0.0 +0.0 340 30 1341 α Cnc 4.3 DD 35 11 5.6 +1.0 +2.8 62 11 19.2 +0.9 +5.3 39 Jul. 18 104 HIP 3765 5.7 RD 102 3 45.0 +1.1 +1.5 233 3 47.8 +1.0 +1.3 244 Aug. 3 2053 λ Vir 4.5 DD 86 14 55.9 +0.7 +0.0 137

BAA Handbook 2014 Lunar Occultations 27 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations GREENWICH EDINBURGH E 0.0º N 51.5º W 3.2º N 56.0º Date Star V Ph. El. of ZC Name Moon UT a b P UT a b P ° h m m/° m/° ° h m m/° m/° °

Aug. 8 2826 ρ1 Sgr 3.9 DD 153 20 59.1 +1.3 +1.1 55 21 0.0 +1.1 +1.1 49 8 2826 ρ1 Sgr 3.9 RB 153 22 4.0 +1.5 -0.2 285 21 58.9 +1.3 +0.0 292 11 3285 HIP 110532 5.9 RD 163 21 19.2 +0.7 +1.6 245 21 24.5 +0.6 +1.6 250 13 3474 14 Psc 5.9 RD 146 4 1.0 +0.2 +2.6 185 4 6.5 +0.6 +0.9 206 21 1029 28 Gem 5.2 DB 48 3 46.3 +0.0 +2.7 50 4 0.8 -0.3 +3.8 31

21 1029 28 Gem 5.2 RD 48 4 37.4 +1.0 +0.2 311 4 33.1 +1.1 -0.8 331 22 1147 68 Gem 5.3 DB 37 4 36.1 +0.7 +0.0 138 Sep. 11 257 ο Psc 4.3 RD 141 21 46.2 +0.4 +1.7 256 21 52.4 +0.3 +1.6 263 15 814 115 Tau 5.4 RD 90 23 59.1 +0.2 +1.1 291 0 2.9 +0.2 +0.9 304 18 1106 λ Gem 3.6 DB 67 3 25.9 +0.5 +2.3 66 3 36.5 +0.3 +3.1 49

18 1106 λ Gem 3.6 RD 66 4 29.9 +1.2 +0.1 304 4 25.6 +1.1 -0.5 321 20 1332 60 Cnc 5.4 RD 44 5 6.1 +0.7 +3.4 234 5 16.3 +0.6 +2.3 252 20 1341 α Cnc 4.3 DB 44 5 40.0 +1.0 +3.2 56 5 59.1 +9.9 +9.9 26 Oct. 7 3474 14 Psc 5.9 DD 160 0 46.8 +1.7 -2.6 122 0 33.8 +1.3 -1.3 102 12 650 63 Tau 5.6 RD 131 5 39.7 +1.3 +2.0 206

15 1073 HIP 33937 5.9 RD 96 5 24.7 +1.9 +1.6 238 5 24.5 +1.5 +0.8 253 17 1309 45 Cnc 5.6 RD 74 6 34.1 +1.1 -2.4 332 6 17.5 +0.7 -4.0 351 25 Saturn 0.6 DD 21 16 6.0 +1.1 -1.8 125 15 54.9 +1.1 -1.5 119 25 Saturn 0.6 RB 21 17 7.8 +0.6 -1.1 250 17 0.2 +0.7 -1.3 258 28 2658 Y Sgr 5.8 DD 60 19 52.4 +0.3 -0.5 51 19 49.6 +0.2 -0.3 37

30 2969 β Cap 3.1 DD 87 22 0.7 +0.1 +0.1 35 22 2.6 -0.2 +0.9 14 Nov. 3 3520 XZ Psc 5.8 DD 138 16 57.3 +0.9 +0.2 141 5 257 ο Psc 4.3 DD 164 17 5.8 +0.0 +1.8 59 17 14.1 +0.0 +1.8 53 10 878 130 Tau 5.5 RD 140 3 51.1 +2.0 +6.1 198 12 1147 68 Gem 5.3 RD 117 5 6.3 +1.6 -0.5 269 4 58.8 +1.4 -0.6 279

Dec. 2 104 HIP 3765 5.7 DD 123 1 26.5 +0.3 +0.5 28 1 30.9 +0.3 +2.6 4 3 257 ο Psc 4.3 DD 137 2 49.8 -0.1 -2.4 120 2 39.8 +0.1 -2.0 105 4 384 31 Ari 5.6 DD 149 1 22.3 +0.8 -3.1 127 1 8.3 +0.8 -2.0 110 7 814 115 Tau 5.4 RD 171 4 53.2 +0.6 -1.2 259 4 45.3 +0.6 -1.4 267 8 944 HIP 29616 5.9 RD 161 0 50.9 +1.6 +0.5 260 0 47.6 +1.4 +0.2 274

9 1106 λ Gem 3.6 DB 148 6 6.5 +0.8 -1.1 75 5 58.9 +0.9 -1.0 67 9 1106 λ Gem 3.6 RD 147 7 3.4 +0.0 -2.3 312 6 52.5 +0.1 -2.5 318 10 1309 45 Cnc 5.6 RD 128 22 6.3 +0.2 +1.9 259 22 13.5 +0.2 +1.6 273 11 1332 60 Cnc 5.4 RD 126 5 59.3 +3.0 +2.9 215 11 1341 α Cnc 4.3 DB 125 6 48.8 +1.4 -0.8 68 6 41.2 +1.4 -0.5 61

11 1341 α Cnc 4.3 RD 125 7 40.6 +0.1 -2.8 333 7 27.6 +0.1 -2.9 339 11 1410 6 Leo 5.1 RD 117 22 51.6 +0.3 +1.2 283 22 55.7 +0.2 +1.0 297 27 3474 14 Psc 5.9 DD 78 20 52.5 +0.5 +0.0 44 20 52.0 +0.4 +0.5 27

28 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2014 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations SYDNEY MELBOURNE E 151.2º S 33.9º E 145.1º S 37.9º Date Star V Ph. El. of ZC Name Moon UT a b P UT a b P ° h m m/° m/° ° h m m/° m/° °

Jan. 18 1428 o Leo 3.5 DB 154 13 42.0 +3.3 +2.0 48 13 25.5 +1.9 -0.4 68 18 1428 o Leo 3.5 RD 154 14 18.0 +0.3 -5.2 1 14 26.7 +1.3 -2.9 337 25 2213 34 Lib 5.8 RD 71 17 24.7 +1.0 -1.1 273 17 22.4 +1.0 -0.7 255 25 2218 ζ Lib 5.5 RD 70 18 39.4 +1.9 -0.4 258 18 27.3 +2.1 +0.7 233 Feb. 4 105 δ Psc 4.4 DD 59 4 21.6 +1.2 +1.5 34 4 10.0 +1.0 +1.0 37

6 403 o Ari 5.8 DD 86 12 1.9 -0.2 -2.9 153 8 668 ε Tau 3.5 DB 109 12 35.9 +9.9 +9.9 172 8 668 ε Tau 3.5 DD 109 12 28.8 +0.7 -0.9 139 8 668 ε Tau 3.5 RB 109 13 20.5 +1.5 +2.9 225 12 48.2 +9.9 +9.9 189 10 940 68 Ori 5.8 DD 131 13 17.1 +2.9 +3.2 47 12 52.7 +2.4 +1.5 69

21 Saturn 0.5 DB 100 23 2.3 +1.1 +1.0 93 22 51.9 +1.3 +0.6 104 22 Saturn 0.5 RD 100 0 9.9 +0.5 +0.9 277 0 1.9 +0.7 +1.3 268 Mar. 9 888 HIP 27747 6.0 DD 99 10 54.4 +3.5 +4.8 33 10 25.4 +2.6 +1.8 57 9 895 57 Ori 5.9 DD 100 12 31.1 +2.4 +4.2 39 12 7.6 +1.8 +2.0 65 11 1141 HIP 36616 5.5 DD 121 10 8.7 +1.9 -2.2 146 10 9.8 +1.4 -3.8 167

12 1271 29 Cnc 5.9 DD 134 15 41.4 +0.6 +0.6 110 14 1468 π Leo 4.7 DD 155 13 43.7 +2.4 +0.3 97 13 31.3 +2.0 -0.6 117 20 2114 μ Lib 5.3 RD 135 10 53.4 +0.0 -1.0 267 21 2271 θ Lib 4.1 DB 121 14 36.3 +2.0 +1.2 44 21 2271 θ Lib 4.1 RD 121 15 10.0 -0.2 -4.6 347

Apr. 4 668 ε Tau 3.5 DD 54 2 42.0 +0.4 +1.7 26 2 34.8 +0.3 +1.0 31 4 668 ε Tau 3.5 RB 55 3 34.0 +2.8 -2.6 308 3 28.4 +2.2 -2.3 303 16 2114 μ Lib 5.3 RD 162 19 51.8 +1.3 -3.2 343 21 2883 HIP 97063 5.5 RD 96 21 2.9 +2.3 +0.0 281 20 48.8 +2.2 +0.1 275 May 14 Saturn 0.1 DD 175 10 55.6 +1.8 -0.3 75 10 49.9 +1.2 -1.2 95

14 Saturn 0.1 RB 176 11 59.1 +1.2 -2.7 323 12 0.4 +1.3 -1.9 303 20 3133 19 Aqr 5.7 RD 99 21 12.7 +1.0 +2.7 209 Jun. 10 2114 μ Lib 5.3 DD 145 12 55.5 +3.4 +8.7 32 12 23.4 +2.6 +1.6 65 15 2913 61 Sgr 5.0 RD 145 14 48.0 +1.3 +6.3 188 20 98 60 Psc 6.0 RD 76 21 24.3 -0.1 +4.5 178

Jul. 3 1599 58 Leo 4.8 DD 64 2 48.1 +1.3 -1.6 104 15 3320 κ Aqr 5.0 RD 133 19 1.8 +1.6 +1.3 250 18 46.7 +1.7 +1.2 249 21 593 HIP 18735 5.9 RD 57 19 48.5 +2.4 -1.7 290 19 42.2 +1.9 -1.7 287 Aug 4 Saturn 0.5 DD 95 11 22.2 +1.5 -1.7 146 11 24.2 +1.6 -5.2 169 4 Saturn 0.5 RB 95 12 13.0 +0.6 +3.0 233 11 52.1 +0.8 +6.3 212

5 2271 θ Lib 4.1 DD 107 10 47.8 +2.0 +1.2 80 10 32.4 +2.0 +0.3 95 5 2271 θ Lib 4.1 RB 107 12 4.8 +1.5 +0.1 292 11 54.0 +1.6 +0.6 280 9 2913 61 Sgr 5.0 DD 161 10 38.8 +1.8 -2.7 125 10 45.5 +1.5 -7.6 152 14 146 ε Psc 4.3 DB 124 18 3.7 +1.6 +1.8 42 17 47.9 +1.5 +1.4 43 14 146 ε Psc 4.3 RD 124 19 18.7 +2.0 +0.8 268 19 3.3 +2.1 +0.7 266 BAA Handbook 2014 Lunar Occultations 29 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations SYDNEY MELBOURNE E 151.2º S 33.9º E 145.1º S 37.9º Date Star V Ph. El. of ZC Name Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m/º m/º º h m m/º m/º º

Aug. 15 272 54 Ari 5.9 RD 113 14 47.3 +1.1 -0.6 259 14 44.1 +0.8 -0.6 253 16 422 σ Ari 5.5 RD 98 19 12.0 +2.7 -0.3 279 18 58.0 +2.4 -0.5 276 Sep. 30 2495 HIP 84792 6.0 DD 73 13 16.1 -0.6 +1.9 48 13 11.1 -0.3 +1.9 54 Oct. 11 577 HIP 18170 6.0 RD 138 15 54.1 +2.0 +0.8 237 15 40.4 +1.6 +0.5 234 12 718 HIP 22176 6.0 RD 126 14 22.1 +1.5 -1.0 272 14 18.1 +1.2 -1.1 268

12 730 97 Tau 5.1 RD 125 17 44.5 +2.4 +0.7 252 17 27.9 +2.1 +0.6 245 15 1141 HIP 36616 5.5 RD 90 19 21.1 +2.7 -0.2 269 19 6.3 +2.3 -0.2 257 26 2271 θ Lib 4.1 DD 27 5 17.3 +2.1 -4.6 160 26 2271 θ Lib 4.1 RB 28 5 55.9 +1.5 +5.3 214 26 2291 49 Lib 5.5 DD 29 8 34.1 +0.4 +1.4 79

26 2291 49 Lib 5.5 RB 29 9 32.9 +0.1 +0.6 284 9 28.3 +0.3 +1.0 277 30 2883 HIP 97063 5.5 DD 79 4 35.1 +1.9 +5.8 12 16 57.6 +0.2 +0.7 108 Nov. 10 947 71 Ori 5.2 RD 134 15 46.2 +2.4 -1.0 286 15 36.4 +2.0 -1.0 279 14 1428 o Leo 3.5 DB 88 19 46.4 +1.9 -1.9 138 19 45.6 +1.3 -2.7 157 14 1428 o Leo 3.5 RD 88 21 14.6 +2.5 +0.3 276 20 55.2 +3.0 +1.1 254

17 1635 75 Leo 5.2 RD 65 0 31.0 +2.1 +2.4 250 26 2883 HIP 97063 5.5 DD 51 12 0.4 -0.1 +0.9 96 Dec. 13 1599 58 Leo 4.8 RD 97 23 58.3 +1.3 +3.3 240 20 2291 49 Lib 5.5 RD 27 1 48.0 +2.0 -1.6 314 1 40.2 +2.0 -0.7 298 23 2913 61 Sgr 5.0 DD 27 22 49.8 +0.3 -1.7 110

25 3093 ν Aqu 4.5 DD 43 5 41.4 +1.9 +1.1 70 5 25.9 +1.9 +0.7 74 30 272 54 Ari 5.9 DD 111 10 23.2 +1.4 +2.7 24 10 5.2 +1.3 +2.2 27

30 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2014 LUNARLunar OCCULTATIONS Occultations DUNEDIN WELLINGTON E 170.5º S 45.9º E 174.8º S 41.3º Date Star V Ph. El. of ZC Name Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m/º m/º º h m m/º m/º º

Jan. 6 3453 κ Psc 5.0 DD 67 7 45.0 +0.3 +3.3 5 8 3.0 -0.2 +4.8 355 6 3453 κ Psc 5.0 RB 67 8 24.6 +1.9 -1.3 318 9 299 HIP 9533 6.0 DD 104 8 11.7 +1.9 +1.2 64 16 1210 5 Cnc 6.0 RD 175 11 49.5 +1.4 -2.3 337 11 40.7 +0.9 -4.6 356 18 1428 o Leo 3.5 DB 154 14 28.0 +3.2 +1.8 55

18 1428 o Leo 3.5 RD 154 15 10.1 +0.1 -3.1 357 25 Saturn 0.6 DB 73 12 45.5 -1.1 -3.7 177 25 Saturn 0.6 RD 73 13 0.8 +0.6 +1.1 211 13 2.6 +0.2 -0.3 234 26 2361 χ Oph 4.2 DB 59 16 4.5 -2.3 -8.3 181 26 2361 χ Oph 4.2 RD 58 16 16.6 +3.5 +5.5 203

Feb. 4 105 δ Psc 4.4 DD 59 4 46.6 +1.9 +0.2 90 4 56.7 +2.0 +0.5 85 10 913 δ Psc 5.1 DD 129 7 54.2 +2.2 -2.9 152 7 52.1 +2.3 -2.3 140 10 915 χ2 Ori 4.6 DD 129 8 19.4 +1.5 +3.0 20 21 Saturn 0.5 DB 100 23 15.8 +0.8 -1.0 151 23 16.3 +0.5 -0.2 136 21 Saturn 0.5 RD 100 23 48.5 -0.5 +3.2 218 23 59.0 -0.4 +2.3 232

Mar. 9 888 HIP 27747 6.0 DD 99 10 59.6 +1.6 +2.8 50 11 1141 HIP 36616 5.5 DD 121 10 52.4 +0.6 -1.1 155 10 52.6 +1.0 -0.5 136 14 1468 π Leo 4.7 DD 155 14 9.9 +1.1 +0.7 107 14 19.8 +1.2 +1.4 88 20 2114 μ Lib 5.3 RD 135 11 13.4 +0.7 -1.1 258 11 11.0 +0.8 -1.3 272 21 2271 θ Lib 4.1 DB 121 15 24.3 +2.8 +3.6 36

21 2271 θ Lib 4.1 RD 121 15 56.3 +0.7 -5.7 349 22 2399 24 Oph 4.9 RD 110 11 21.0 -0.3 -2.0 310 11 9.3 -0.5 -2.5 327 25 2883 HIP 97063 5.5 RD 69 13 47.2 +0.0 -0.8 249 13 42.9 +0.0 -1.0 265 Apr. 4 668 ε Tau 3.5 DD 54 3 3.5 +1.7 -0.3 78 3 10.5 +1.9 +0.0 72 4 668 ε Tau 3.5 RB 55 4 28.1 +1.9 +0.2 266 4 37.8 +2.1 +0.2 273

23 3133 30 Cap 5.7 RD 72 14 8.0 +0.4 +1.2 202 14 12.3 +0.4 +0.2 224 24 3287 51 Aqr 5.8 RD 58 16 21.1 +0.6 -2.3 292 16 9.6 +0.8 -4.8 316 May 6 1271 29 Cnc 5.9 DD 80 6 48.5 +0.3 -3.0 174 6 41.9 +1.2 -1.7 152 8 1468 π Leo 4.7 DD 102 4 52.7 +0.8 -3.2 168 4 43.3 +1.1 -2.7 153 8 1468 π Leo 4.7 RB 102 5 38.6 +2.3 +0.2 236 5 48.8 +2.4 -0.2 253

14 Saturn 0.1 DD 175 11 36.3 +1.8 -0.3 89 11 45.8 +2.3 +0.8 14 Saturn 0.1 RB 176 12 51.2 +1.6 -1.0 301 12 51.7 +1.6 -2.0 321 21 3272 44 Aqr 5.8 RD 86 20 10.1 +1.6 +0.8 262 Jun. 4 1428 o Leo 3.5 DD 71 2 9.3 +1.1 -1.7 106 2 7.4 +1.4 -1.4 97 4 1428 o Leo 3.5 RB 71 3 29.3 +1.5 -1.5 294 3 29.0 +1.7 -1.7 304

6 1635 75 Leo 5.2 DD 94 5 3.8 +1.6 -1.3 102 5 7.1 +2.2 -0.7 88 6 1635 75 Leo 5.2 RB 94 6 24.2 +1.4 -1.5 312 6 22.1 +1.3 -2.1 329 6 1637 76 Leo 5.9 DD 94 6 31.0 +1.4 -1.5 133 6 32.1 +1.9 -1.0 118 10 2114 μ Lib 5.3 DD 145 12 58.8 +1.2 +1.3 85 13 11.6 +1.1 +2.1 69 11 2271 θ Lib 4.1 DD 159 16 30.5 +0.1 +2.0 64 16 40.0 -0.2 +2.2 53

BAA Handbook 2014 Lunar Occultations 31 LUNAR OCCULTATIONS DUNEDIN WELLINGTON E 170.5º S 45.9º E 174.8º S 41.3º Date Star V Ph. El. of ZC Name Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m/º m/º º h m m/º m/º º

Jun. 15 2883 HIP 97063 5.5 RD 148 8 51.6 -0.1 -1.6 283 8 43.0 -0.2 -2.1 302 Jul. 3 1599 58 Leo 4.8 DD 64 3 36.6 +1.7 -1.2 109 3 40.5 +2.2 -0.7 95 3 1599 58 Leo 4.8 RB 64 5 1.6 +1.6 -1.0 305 5 2.4 +1.4 -1.6 322 14 3133 19 Aqr 5.7 RD 151 11 1.5 +0.9 -2.8 302 15 3320 κ Aqr 5.0 RD 133 18 56.1 +0.4 +2.6 202 19 9.4 +0.4 +2.5 208

Aug. 5 2271 θ Lib 4.1 DD 107 11 10.3 +1.1 -0.1 128 11 15.9 +1.0 +0.4 114 5 2271 θ Lib 4.1 RB 107 12 6.1 +0.3 +2.3 240 12 16.9 +0.3 +1.8 252 5 2291 49 Lib 5.5 DD 108 14 7.4 -0.3 +1.8 64 6 2399 24 Oph 4.9 DD 117 5 16.8 +1.1 -1.2 92 5 18.2 +1.5 -0.5 75 6 2399 24 Oph 4.9 RB 118 6 28.5 +1.3 -1.4 288 6 26.5 +1.4 -2.1 306

10 3045 HIP 102891 5.9 DD 172 6 46.0 +0.1 -2.7 128 14 146 ε Psc 4.3 DB 124 18 19.8 +1.4 +1.1 84 18 31.4 +1.4 +1.3 79 14 146 ε Psc 4.3 RD 124 19 28.5 +0.9 +1.8 235 19 40.8 +0.9 +1.8 242 15 272 54 Ari 5.9 RD 113 15 0.1 +0.4 +1.7 196 15 10.1 +0.8 +1.5 205 16 422 σ Ari 5.5 RD 98 19 42.9 +1.5 +1.4 244

Sep. 7 3133 19 Aqr 5.7 DD 156 7 47.6 +0.9 +1.9 20 8 3320 κ Aqr 5.0 DD 172 14 51.9 +1.1 +1.3 79 15 2.8 +1.0 +1.4 75 Oct. 1 2646 HIP 89609 5.8 DD 86 12 59.8 -0.5 +1.8 50 9 272 54 Ari 5.9 RD 166 10 52.2 +1.1 -0.5 250 10 55.6 +1.5 -0.5 258 10 422 σ Ari 5.5 RD 152 13 3.0 +3.5 -4.2 323

11 577 HIP 18170 6.0 RD 138 16 3.6 +1.2 +4.1 188 16 25.3 +1.8 +2.9 204 12 718 HIP 22176 6.0 RD 126 14 53.9 +1.4 +0.5 227 15 3.4 +1.8 +0.6 234 25 2247 η Lib 5.4 DD 25 23 16.2 +1.6 -0.3 66 23 28.3 +3.0 +2.8 39 26 2291 49 Lib 5.5 DD 29 8 29.9 +0.3 +0.2 131 8 32.2 +0.1 +0.4 121 27 2399 24 Oph 4.9 DD 38 0 39.1 -0.1 -6.1 169 0 23.4 +0.9 -2.9 140

Nov. 2 3320 κ Aqr 5.0 DD 120 7 45.8 +1.1 +1.5 34 7 59.2 +1.0 +2.3 24 10 947 71 Ori 5.2 RD 134 16 30.0 +1.9 +0.5 266 16 40.4 +1.9 +0.5 277 14 1428 o Leo 3.5 DB 88 20 30.0 +1.0 -0.8 142 20 32.9 +1.3 -0.2 124 14 1428 o Leo 3.5 RD 88 21 40.4 +1.4 +1.5 267 21 50.7 +1.0 +0.8 285 Dec. 5 577 HIP 18170 6.0 DD 166 9 18.4 +2.1 -2.4 128 9 17.5 +2.2 -2.0 119

20 2291 49 Lib 5.5 RD 27 2 14.5 +0.9 +1.4 266 2 23.9 +0.9 +1.0 278 23 2913 61 Sgr 5.0 DD 27 23 23.7 +1.2 -2.9 127 25 3093 ν Aqr 4.5 DD 43 6 18.2 +2.8 -2.2 141 6 22.8 +2.0 -0.6 128 30 272 54 Ari 5.9 DD 111 10 28.3 +1.3 +1.6 63 10 41.6 +1.2 +1.9 56

32 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2014 GRAZING LUNARLunar Occultations OCCULTATIONS The map shows the tracks of stars to magnitude 8.0 which will graze the Moon’s limb and where the Moon is less than 85 per cent sunlit and has an altitude of more than 5°. The track commences in the West, and the Time (UT) is near the centre of the region. Tracks marked on the map as `A´ indicate the star is at a low altitude. Tracks marked with a `B´ indicate the bright limb is close. Small or negative cusp angles indicate the graze occurs at the terminator. General circumstances for the events can be judged from personal planetarium software, but those planning to observe a graze should request track details from the Director of the Computing Section. More details of grazes are given in the Lunar Sec- tion Circulars, or may be computed using software for non-commercial use from:

http:/www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/occult4.htm and http://low4.doa-site.nl/

Observers positioned on or very near the tracks may see the star disappear and reappear several times at the edge of features on the Moon’s limb. The recorded times, to an accuracy of better than one second, continue to be valuable in the study and refinement of the shape and motion of the Moon, and in the detection of double or multiple stars, particularly during grazes. Increased usage of video with GPS time overlays has improved the timing accuracy of occultations by an order of magnitude, and results to ±0.02 second can be achieved.

Potential observers are encouraged to contact Tim Haymes at [email protected] for additional information and advice on how to report graze timings. A brief notification of success or failure of the observing attempt would also be helpful. Key to the Map 2014 Star N or S Cusp name ZC* Time† V Sunlit‡ limit angle† Limb§ h m % ° 1 21 Psc 3508 Jan. 6 17 12 5.8 35+ S 1.8 D 2 25 Psc 3515 Jan. 6 19 57 6.3 35+ N 1.0 T 3 60 Psc 98 Jan. 7 21 31 6.0 46+ N 3.3 D 4 SAO 93454 505 Jan. 11 02 41 7.0 77+ N 10.4 D 5 SAO 94112 718 Feb. 8 20 08 6.0 69+ N 4.9 D 6 SAO 94136 726 Feb. 8 21 35 7.0 70+ N 7.4 D 7 SAO 94787 862 Feb. 9 23 19 7.3 78+ N 11.5 D 8 127 Tau 863 Feb. 9 23 34 6.7 78+ N 11.8 D 9 SAO 109533 X1210 Mar. 3 19 15 7.4 8+ N 6.0 D 10 54 Ari 272 Mar. 4 20 19 5.9 15+ N 6.6 D 11 61 Tau 648 Mar. 7 15 57 3.8 42+ S 1.4 B 12 119 Tau 832 Mar. 9 01 50 4.3 54+ N 8.2 D 13 21 Gem 1003 May 3 22 47 6.3 21+ N 2.3 D 14 20 Gem 1002 May 3 22 45 6.9 21+ N 2.3 D 15 λ Gem 1106 May 4 20 25 3.6 28+ N 3.8 D 16 SAO 97580 X12270 May 5 21 05 7.8 37+ N 4.6 D 17 SAO 97647 1237 May 5 23 21 6.5 38+ N 1.9 D 18 63 Tau 650 Oct. 12 05 25 5.6 83- S 1.1 T 19 ρ Sgr 2826 Oct. 29 21 07 3.9 35+ S 4.3 D 20 SAO 145938 X30466 Nov. 01 21 35 7.2 69+ S 4.1 D 21 20 Gem 1002 Nov. 10 22 34 6.9 82- N 9.0 D 22 HIP 31508 1011 Nov. 11 00 36 7.3 82- N 6.4 D 23 SAO 164025 X29121 Nov. 27 19 00 7.5 31+ S 2.7 D 24 SAO 109471 104 Dec. 2 01 40 5.7 77+ N 5.8 D

* Numbers taken from the Robertson Zodiacal Catalog or the Extended Zodiacal Catalog † Precise times and cusp angles are dependent on location ‡ a negative number indicates a waning Moon § graze occurs against a [B]right limb, [D]ark limb, [T]erminator

BAA Handbook 2014 Grazing Lunar Occultations 33 GRAZING LUNARLunar Occultations OCCULTATIONS

34 Grazing Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2014 40 30 JUN 18 33 deg.W 20 VENUS 10 MAR 24 47 deg.W SCALE ~ SECONDS OF ARC 0 opp’n. MAY 11 SATURN opp’n. APR 09 MARS NP S N WE opp’n. NOV 10 16 deg.W APPEARANCE OF PLANETS APPEARANCE OF 2014 JAN 06 JUPITER OCT 31 18 deg.W MERCURY MAY 20 22 deg.E FEB 07 15 deg.E

BAA Handbook 2014 Appearance of Planets 35 MERCURY Morning Apparition

Greatest Elongation W Superior Conjunction Mar. 14 (28°) Apr. 26 Jul. 12 (21°) Aug. 8 Nov. 1 (19°) Dec. 8

When best seen: Northern Hemisphere: July, late October - mid November Southern Hemisphere: March, mid July

2014 RA Dec. V Diam. Ph. Elong. CM Δ h m ° ' " ° ° au Feb. 22 21 28.2 -11 29 +2.4 10.3 0.094 -13 227 0.654 27 21 20.1 -13 11 +1.2 9.5 0.224 -20 260 0.705 Mar. 4 21 23.3 -14 06 +0.6 8.7 0.352 -25 291 0.773 9 21 35.3 -14 14 +0.3 7.9 0.459 -27 319 0.848 14 21 53.2 -13 38 +0.2 7.3 0.546 -28 345 0.924

19 22 15.2 -12 24 +0.1 6.8 0.618 -27 10 0.996 24 22 40.0 -10 33 0.0 6.3 0.680 -26 35 1.065 29 23 06.9 -8 10 -0.1 6.0 0.736 -24 58 1.129 Apr. 3 23 35.6 -5 16 -0.2 5.7 0.790 -21 81 1.189 8 0 05.9 -1 55 -0.5 5.4 0.844 -18 104 1.242

13 0 38.2 +1 52 -0.8 5.2 0.899 -14 125 1.287 Jun. 27 5 39.6 +18 44 +3.4 11.3 0.050 -11 151 0.593 Jul. 2 5 36.4 +18 50 +2.2 10.3 0.125 -16 182 0.652 7 5 41.4 +19 29 +1.2 9.2 0.226 -20 212 0.734 12 5 55.3 +20 29 +0.5 8.1 0.349 -21 239 0.835 17 6 18.1 +21 32 -0.1 7.1 0.494 -20 264 0.949

22 6 49.3 +22 15 -0.6 6.3 0.656 -18 288 1.069 27 7 27.5 +22 15 -1.1 5.7 0.815 -14 309 1.182 Oct. 25 13 03.7 -5 36 0.9 8.6 0.215 -15 55 0.786 30 13 10.5 -5 22 -0.3 7.3 0.458 -18 84 0.917 Nov. 4 13 29.3 -6 59 -0.7 6.4 0.666 -18 110 1.051 9 13 54.7 -9 36 -0.8 5.7 0.807 -17 134 1.170 14 14 23.4 -12 32 -0.8 5.3 0.894 -14 157 1.265

19 14 53.7 -15 27 -0.8 5.0 0.945 -11 180 1.338

36 Mercury BAA Handbook 2014 MERCURY Evening Apparition

Greatest Elongation E Inferior Conjunction Jan. 31 (18°) Feb. 15 May 25 (23°) Jun. 19 Sep. 21 (26°) Oct. 16 When best seen: Northern Hemisphere: mid January - early February, May Southern Hemisphere: mid August - early October

2014 RA Dec. V Diam. Ph. Elong. CM Δ h m ° ' " ° ° au Jan. 18 20 52.7 -19 28 -1.0 5.3 0.911 13 23 1.268 23 21 25.0 -16 36 -0.9 5.7 0.824 16 45 1.173 28 21 52.8 -13 25 -0.8 6.4 0.679 18 69 1.053 Feb. 2 22 12.2 -10 24 -0.4 7.3 0.468 18 94 0.916 7 22 18.0 -8 21 +0.8 8.6 0.229 15 122 0.783 May 8 03 52.9 +21 53 -1.1 5.6 0.833 14 228 1.191 13 04 31.9 +24 04 -0.7 6.2 0.691 18 249 1.090 18 05 06.1 +25 14 -0.2 6.9 0.549 21 272 0.980 23 05 34.3 +25 32 +0.3 7.7 0.422 23 296 0.874 28 05 55.5 +25 09 +0.8 8.7 0.308 22 322 0.776

Jun. 2 06 08.8 +24 15 +1.4 9.7 0.208 21 350 0.692 7 06 13.7 +23 02 +2.3 10.8 0.120 17 20 0.624 12 06 10.5 +21 39 +3.4 11.6 0.051 12 51 0.577 Aug. 21 10 47.4 +9 05 -0.8 5.0 0.927 12 53 1.334 26 11 18.8 +5 18 -0.5 5.2 0.883 16 75 1.301 31 11 47.7 +1 33 -0.3 5.4 0.838 19 98 1.257 Sep. 5 12 14.4 -2 03 -0.1 5.6 0.792 22 121 1.205 10 12 39.1 -5 27 0.0 5.9 0.741 24 144 1.146

15 13 01.7 -8 35 0.0 6.2 0.684 25 169 1.079 20 13 22.0 -11 20 +0.1 6.7 0.615 26 193 1.005 25 13 39.0 -13 35 +0.2 7.3 0.529 26 219 0.926 30 13 51.0 -15 08 +0.4 8.0 0.419 25 247 0.842 Oct. 5 13 55.4 -15 38 +0.8 8.8 0.282 21 276 0.761

10 13 49.1 -14 38 +1.9 9.7 0.128 14 309 0.694 Dec. 29 19 23.1 -24 16 -0.8 5.1 0.935 12 2 1.322

BAA Handbook 2014 Mercury 37 VENUS Inferior Greatest Superior Conjunction Elongation W Conjunction Jan. 11 Mar. 22 (47°) Oct. 25

2014 RA Dec. V Diam. Ph. Elong. Δ h m ° ' " ° au Jan. -7 20 03.6 -19 47 -4.5 53.9 0.104 +27 0.309 3 19 49.6 -17 52 -4.2 60.7 0.028 +13 0.275 13 19 24.4 -16 28 -4.0 62.5 0.005 -2 0.267 23 19 02.7 -15 49 -4.3 58.1 0.052 -18 0.287 Feb. 2 18 56.1 -15 53 -4.5 50.3 0.138 -29 0.332

12 19 05.8 -16 18 -4.5 42.7 0.229 -37 0.391 22 19 28.0 -16 37 -4.5 36.3 0.312 -42 0.459 Mar. 4 19 58.9 -16 29 -4.4 31.3 0.384 -45 0.533 14 20 35.1 -15 41 -4.4 27.4 0.446 -46 0.610 24 21 14.6 -14 07 -4.3 24.3 0.501 -47 0.688

Apr. 3 21 55.7 -11 47 -4.2 21.8 0.551 -46 0.766 13 22 37.6 -8 47 -4.1 19.8 0.596 -45 0.844 23 23 19.7 -5 14 -4.0 18.1 0.637 -44 0.921 May 3 0 02.0 -1 17 -4.0 16.7 0.675 -43 0.997 13 0 44.6 +2 53 -3.9 15.6 0.710 -41 1.070

23 1 27.8 +7 05 -3.9 14.6 0.743 -39 1.142 Jun. 2 2 12.1 +11 09 -3.9 13.8 0.774 -37 1.211 12 2 57.9 +14 53 -3.8 13.1 0.804 -35 1.277 22 3 45.4 +18 06 -3.8 12.5 0.831 -32 1.339 Jul. 2 4 34.8 +20 36 -3.8 11.9 0.856 -30 1.397

12 5 25.8 +22 13 -3.8 11.5 0.880 -28 1.451 22 6 17.9 +22 50 -3.8 11.1 0.902 -25 1.501 Aug. 1 7 10.4 +22 22 -3.8 10.8 0.921 -22 1.545 11 8 02.4 +20 49 -3.8 10.5 0.939 -20 1.585 21 8 53.3 +18 16 -3.8 10.3 0.954 -17 1.620

31 9 42.6 +14 51 -3.8 10.1 0.968 -15 1.649 Sep. 10 10 30.5 +10 45 -3.8 10.0 0.978 -12 1.673 20 11 17.0 +6 09 -3.8 9.9 0.987 -9 1.691 30 12 02.9 +1 14 -3.8 9.8 0.993 -7 1.705 Oct. 10 12 48.7 -3 46 -3.8 9.7 0.997 -4 1.713

20 13 35.0 -8 40 -3.8 9.7 1.000 -1 1.717 30 14 22.5 -13 15 -3.8 9.7 1.000 +1 1.716 Nov. 9 15 11.8 -17 18 -3.8 9.8 0.998 +4 1.710 19 16 03.0 -20 34 -3.8 9.8 0.995 +6 1.700 29 16 56.2 -22 53 -3.8 9.9 0.989 +9 1.687

Dec. 9 17 50.7 -24 04 -3.8 10.0 0.983 +11 1.669 19 18 45.7 -24 01 -3.8 10.1 0.975 +13 1.648 29 19 40.1 -22 45 -3.8 10.3 0.965 +16 1.623

38 Venus BAA Handbook 2014 MARS

Opposition: April 8

2014 RA Dec. V Diam. P Q Ph. DE DS LS h m ° ' " ° ° ° ° ° Jan. -7 12 32.6 -1 15 +1.0 6.5 31 293 0.905 23.7 23.1 67 3 12 49.5 -2 56 +0.8 7.0 32 293 0.904 22.9 23.8 71 13 13 05.0 -4 25 +0.6 7.5 34 292 0.905 22.0 24.4 76 23 13 18.9 -5 42 +0.4 8.2 35 291 0.908 21.1 24.8 80 Feb. 2 13 30.5 -6 44 +0.2 8.9 36 291 0.915 20.3 25.1 84

12 13 39.4 -7 28 0.0 9.8 36 290 0.924 19.6 25.2 89 22 13 44.9 -7 53 -0.3 10.8 36 289 0.938 19.1 25.1 93 Mar. 4 13 46.2 -7 56 -0.6 11.9 37 288 0.954 19.0 24.9 98 14 13 42.8 -7 35 -0.8 13.0 36 287 0.971 19.2 24.6 102 24 13 34.5 -6 51 -1.1 14.1 36 284 0.988 19.8 24.1 107

Apr. 3 13 22.1 -5 49 -1.4 14.8 35 274 0.998 20.8 23.4 111 13 13 07.6 -4 39 -1.5 15.2 34 135 0.999 21.9 22.5 116 23 12 53.6 -3 37 -1.3 15.0 33 118 0.989 22.9 21.5 120 May 3 12 42.6 -2 56 -1.1 14.4 32 115 0.972 23.8 20.4 125 13 12 36.1 -2 43 -0.9 13.6 31 114 0.951 24.5 19.0 130

23 12 34.4 -2 59 -0.7 12.6 31 114 0.930 24.9 17.6 135 Jun. 2 12 37.4 -3 42 -0.5 11.7 32 113 0.911 25.1 16.0 140 12 12 44.5 -4 47 -0.3 10.8 32 113 0.896 25.1 14.2 145 22 12 55.0 -6 11 -0.1 10.1 34 113 0.885 24.9 12.4 150 Jul. 2 13 08.4 -7 49 0.0 9.4 35 112 0.876 24.4 10.4 155

12 13 24.3 -9 37 +0.2 8.8 36 112 0.871 23.6 8.3 160 22 13 42.3 -11 33 +0.3 8.3 37 111 0.868 22.4 6.1 166 Aug. 1 14 02.3 -13 31 +0.4 7.9 38 110 0.867 21.0 3.8 171 11 14 24.0 -15 31 +0.5 7.5 39 109 0.867 19.3 1.5 176 21 14 47.5 -17 27 +0.6 7.1 39 108 0.869 17.3 -0.9 182

31 15 12.5 -19 17 +0.6 6.8 39 106 0.872 15.0 -3.3 188 Sep. 10 15 39.1 -20 57 +0.7 6.6 38 104 0.876 12.4 -5.7 194 20 16 07.2 -22 24 +0.7 6.3 36 101 0.881 9.6 -8.2 200 30 16 36.7 -23 34 +0.8 6.1 34 99 0.886 6.7 -10.6 205 Oct. 10 17 07.4 -24 25 +0.8 5.9 32 96 0.891 3.5 -12.9 212

20 17 39.1 -24 52 +0.9 5.7 29 93 0.897 0.3 -15.1 218 30 18 11.6 -24 55 +0.9 5.6 25 90 0.903 -3.0 -17.2 224 Nov. 9 18 44.5 -24 32 +0.9 5.4 21 87 0.909 -6.3 -19.1 230 19 19 17.5 -23 42 +1.0 5.3 17 84 0.916 -9.6 -20.8 236 29 19 50.4 -22 26 +1.0 5.1 12 81 0.922 -12.7 -22.2 243

Dec. 9 20 22.9 -20 45 +1.0 5.0 7 78 0.928 -15.6 -23.4 249 19 20 54.8 -18 42 +1.1 4.9 3 75 0.935 -18.3 -24.3 255 29 21 26.0 -16 19 +1.1 4.8 358 73 0.941 -20.7 -24.9 262

BAA Handbook 2014 Mars 39 LONGITUDE OF THE CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF MARS

Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 1 249.2 315.4 56.4 140.2 237.8 316.6 33.6 95.2 154.3 222.1 279.4 344.9 2 239.6 306.0 47.4 131.5 229.0 307.3 24.1 85.6 144.6 212.4 269.6 335.1 3 230.0 296.6 38.3 122.8 220.1 298.0 14.5 75.9 134.8 202.6 259.8 325.2 4 220.5 287.3 29.2 114.0 211.2 288.7 4.9 66.2 125.1 192.9 250.0 315.4 5 210.9 277.9 20.1 105.3 202.3 279.4 355.4 56.5 115.4 183.1 240.2 305.5

6 201.4 268.6 11.1 96.6 193.4 270.0 345.8 46.8 105.6 173.4 230.4 295.7 7 191.9 259.3 2.1 87.9 184.5 260.7 336.2 37.1 95.9 163.6 220.6 285.8 8 182.3 249.9 353.1 79.2 175.5 251.3 326.6 27.4 86.2 153.8 210.8 275.9 9 172.8 240.6 344.0 70.4 166.5 242.0 317.0 17.7 76.4 144.1 201.0 266.1 10 163.3 231.3 335.1 61.7 157.6 232.6 307.4 8.0 66.7 134.3 191.2 256.2

11 153.8 222.0 326.1 53.0 148.6 223.2 297.8 358.3 57.0 124.6 181.4 246.3 12 144.3 212.7 317.1 44.3 139.6 213.8 288.2 348.6 47.2 114.8 171.6 236.5 13 134.8 203.5 308.1 35.6 130.6 204.4 278.6 338.9 37.5 105.0 161.8 226.6 14 125.3 194.2 299.2 26.9 121.5 195.0 269.0 329.2 27.8 95.3 152.0 216.7 15 115.8 184.9 290.3 18.2 112.5 185.5 259.4 319.5 18.0 85.5 142.2 206.8

16 106.3 175.7 281.4 9.5 103.4 176.1 249.7 309.8 8.3 75.8 132.4 196.9 17 96.8 166.5 272.5 0.7 94.4 166.7 240.1 300.1 358.5 66.0 122.6 187.1 18 87.3 157.2 263.6 352.0 85.3 157.2 230.5 290.4 348.8 56.2 112.8 177.2 19 77.9 148.0 254.7 343.3 76.2 147.8 220.8 280.7 339.1 46.5 102.9 167.3 20 68.4 138.8 245.8 334.5 67.1 138.3 211.2 270.9 329.3 36.7 93.1 157.4

21 58.9 129.6 237.0 325.8 57.9 128.8 201.5 261.2 319.6 26.9 83.3 147.5 22 49.5 120.4 228.1 317.0 48.8 119.3 191.9 251.5 309.8 17.2 73.5 137.6 23 40.1 111.3 219.3 308.3 39.6 109.8 182.2 241.8 300.1 7.4 63.6 127.7 24 30.6 102.1 210.5 299.5 30.4 100.3 172.6 232.1 290.3 357.6 53.8 117.8 25 21.2 92.9 201.6 290.7 21.3 90.8 162.9 222.4 280.6 347.8 44.0 107.9

26 11.8 83.8 192.8 281.9 12.1 81.3 153.3 212.6 270.9 338.1 34.1 98.0 27 2.3 74.7 184.0 273.1 2.9 71.8 143.6 202.9 261.1 328.3 24.3 88.0 28 352.9 65.5 175.3 264.3 353.6 62.3 133.9 193.2 251.4 318.5 14.5 78.1 29 343.5 166.5 255.5 344.4 52.7 124.3 183.5 241.6 308.7 4.6 68.2 30 334.1 157.7 246.7 335.1 43.2 114.6 173.7 231.9 298.9 354.8 58.3

31 324.8 149.0 325.9 104.9 164.0 289.2 48.4

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h ° h ° m ° m ° m ° 1 14.62 7 102.34 10 2.44 1 0.24 6 1.46 2 29.24 8 116.96 20 4.87 2 0.49 7 1.71 3 43.86 9 131.58 30 7.31 3 0.73 8 1.95 4 58.48 10 146.21 40 9.75 4 0.97 9 2.19 5 73.10 11 160.83 50 12.18 5 1.22 10 2.44 6 87.72 12 175.45 60 14.62

40 Mars BAA Handbook 2014 ASTEROIDS

ORBITAL ELEMENTS

Observers with binoculars or small telescopes may find these data useful in locating some of the brighter asteroids.

The data below, for asteroids brighter than magnitude 9.5 at opposition, have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center’s Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at:

http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox of the elements J2000 Epoch of the elements JD 2456200.5, 2012 Sep. 30.0 TT

No. Name a e i Node Peri. M au º º º º 2 Pallas 2.771 0.231 34.841 173.125 309.998 267.267 3 Juno 2.671 0.255 12.979 169.893 248.265 212.529 4 Vesta 2.363 0.088 7.136 103.863 150.550 164.340 6 Hebe 2.425 0.202 14.747 138.720 239.363 180.561 12 Victoria 2.333 0.221 8.369 235.491 69.654 189.805 15 Eunomia 2.642 0.188 11.739 293.197 97.553 94.032 16 Psyche 2.922 0.137 3.099 150.296 227.100 176.913 18 Melpomene 2.296 0.218 10.128 150.496 227.998 307.029 23 Thalia 2.626 0.235 10.115 66.894 60.743 139.547 29 Amphitrite 2.554 0.073 6.091 356.438 61.729 66.603 40 Harmonia 2.267 0.047 4.258 94.242 268.853 135.511 532 Herculina 2.771 0.178 16.314 107.584 76.319 192.006

WEBSITE More information on asteroids and dwarf planets can be found on the website of the Asteroids and Remote Planets Section at: http://www.britastro.org/asteroids/

BAA Handbook 2014 Asteroids 41 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES

The geocentric data below, for asteroids attaining magnitude 9.5 or brighter, have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox J2000 Epoch JD 2456200.5, 2012 Sep. 30.0 TT

2 Pallas 2014 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. V h m s º ' " au au º Jan. 1 10 08 51.4 -22 24 07 1.553 2.135 112.7 8.0 11 10 09 32.6 -22 08 13 1.459 2.139 121.1 7.8 21 10 07 22.7 -21 08 06 1.375 2.145 130.0 7.6 31 10 02 40.1 -19 16 08 1.306 2.152 139.4 7.3 Feb. 10 9 56 09.5 -16 28 50 1.257 2.161 148.5 7.1

20 9 48 59.7 -12 51 31 1.233 2.171 155.4 7.0 Mar. 2 9 42 25.7 -8 39 03 1.237 2.182 156.7 7.0 12 9 37 37.6 -4 13 38 1.270 2.195 151.5 7.1 22 9 35 22.4 +0 01 46 1.331 2.209 142.8 7.4 Apr. 1 9 35 58.8 +3 50 13 1.417 2.224 133.2 7.6

11 9 39 27.4 +7 02 24 1.523 2.240 123.7 7.9 21 9 45 31.9 +9 36 01 1.644 2.257 114.7 8.2 May 1 9 53 50.2 +11 32 56 1.776 2.275 106.3 8.4 11 10 04 00.6 +12 56 52 1.916 2.293 98.4 8.6 21 10 15 40.0 +13 52 23 2.060 2.313 91.1 8.8

31 10 28 30.1 +14 23 42 2.206 2.333 84.3 8.9 Jun. 10 10 42 15.9 +14 34 39 2.350 2.354 77.8 9.1 20 10 56 43.5 +14 28 44 2.493 2.376 71.6 9.2 30 11 11 43.8 +14 08 49 2.631 2.398 65.7 9.3 Jul. 10 11 27 09.5 +13 37 30 2.764 2.421 60.0 9.4

3 Juno 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Aug. 19 6 21 05.0 +12 58 11 2.470 2.000 51.3 9.7 29 6 42 24.4 +12 14 26 2.397 2.007 55.6 9.7 Sep. 8 7 02 51.0 +11 20 02 2.321 2.016 60.0 9.6 18 7 22 16.6 +10 16 30 2.242 2.027 64.7 9.6 28 7 40 31.4 +9 05 35 2.158 2.040 69.7 9.5

Oct. 8 7 57 24.7 +7 49 24 2.072 2.054 75.0 9.5 18 8 12 46.4 +6 30 13 1.984 2.070 80.6 9.4 28 8 26 23.2 +5 10 41 1.893 2.087 86.7 9.3 Nov. 7 8 38 00.1 +3 53 51 1.801 2.105 93.3 9.2 17 8 47 22.0 +2 43 06 1.710 2.125 100.5 9.1

42 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2014 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES Juno (cont.) 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Nov. 27 8 54 10.0 +1 42 23 1.621 2.146 108.3 9.0 Dec. 7 8 58 07.1 +0 56 15 1.538 2.168 116.8 8.8 17 8 59 00.9 +0 29 22 1.462 2.191 126.0 8.7 27 8 56 46.3 +0 26 29 1.400 2.214 135.9 8.5

4 Vesta 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 13 16 59.5 -0 39 22 2.230 2.314 82.3 7.7 11 13 29 37.8 -1 20 58 2.097 2.304 89.3 7.6 21 13 40 56.5 -1 49 40 1.964 2.295 96.5 7.4 31 13 50 36.9 -2 04 02 1.834 2.285 104.2 7.2 Feb. 10 13 58 16.5 -2 02 51 1.709 2.276 112.4 7.0

20 14 03 33.5 -1 45 34 1.591 2.266 121.1 6.8 Mar. 2 14 06 05.1 -1 12 13 1.485 2.257 130.4 6.6 12 14 05 34.5 -0 24 25 1.393 2.248 140.3 6.4 22 14 01 59.9 +0 34 06 1.318 2.240 150.5 6.1 Apr. 1 13 55 37.6 +1 37 25 1.265 2.231 160.3 5.9

11 13 47 12.8 +2 37 07 1.236 2.223 166.9 5.8 21 13 37 55.3 +3 24 20 1.231 2.216 164.4 5.8 May 1 13 29 02.8 +3 51 48 1.251 2.208 155.6 5.9 11 13 21 49.2 +3 55 13 1.293 2.201 145.6 6.1 21 13 17 04.5 +3 34 14 1.354 2.195 135.6 6.3

31 13 15 11.9 +2 50 56 1.430 2.188 126.3 6.5 Jun. 10 13 16 16.2 +1 48 41 1.518 2.182 117.6 6.7 20 13 20 05.7 +0 31 20 1.614 2.177 109.7 6.9 30 13 26 23.7 -0 57 42 1.716 2.172 102.3 7.0 Jul. 10 13 34 53.2 -2 35 28 1.822 2.168 95.4 7.2

20 13 45 16.0 -4 19 15 1.929 2.164 89.0 7.3 30 13 57 18.2 -6 06 55 2.037 2.161 82.9 7.4 Aug. 9 14 10 48.2 -7 56 29 2.144 2.158 77.1 7.5 19 14 25 35.5 -9 46 07 2.250 2.156 71.6 7.6 29 14 41 33.4 -11 34 13 2.352 2.154 66.2 7.7

From early April until the end of July, Ceres and Vesta are never more than 2° apart. See chart on page 114.

6 Hebe 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jun. 10 1 12 23.8 +0 19 25 2.231 1.975 62.3 10.0 20 1 33 02.5 +1 17 05 2.132 1.965 66.6 9.9 30 1 53 24.2 +2 03 32 2.033 1.956 71.1 9.9 Jul. 10 2 13 20.6 +2 37 02 1.933 1.949 75.7 9.8 20 2 32 42.5 +2 56 03 1.834 1.944 80.5 9.7

30 2 51 16.8 +2 59 07 1.736 1.940 85.4 9.5 Aug. 9 3 08 46.7 +2 45 08 1.640 1.938 90.6 9.4

BAA Handbook 2014 Asteroids 43 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES 6 Hebe (cont.) 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Aug. 19 3 24 54.7 +2 13 27 1.547 1.937 96.1 9.3 29 3 39 17.3 +1 23 47 1.457 1.938 102.0 9.1 Sep. 8 3 51 28.8 +0 16 52 1.372 1.940 108.3 9.0 18 4 01 03.1 -1 05 28 1.293 1.944 115.0 8.8 28 4 07 30.8 -2 39 56 1.221 1.949 122.2 8.6 Oct. 8 4 10 28.8 -4 20 42 1.160 1.956 129.7 8.5 18 4 09 46.0 -5 59 38 1.112 1.965 137.3 8.3 28 4 05 28.6 -7 26 01 1.080 1.975 144.4 8.2 Nov. 7 3 58 16.6 -8 27 48 1.066 1.986 149.8 8.1 17 3 49 20.3 -8 54 59 1.072 1.998 151.7 8.1

27 3 40 9.0 -8 41 55 1.099 2.012 149.4 8.2 Dec. 7 3 32 15.7 -7 49 18 1.147 2.027 143.8 8.3 17 3 26 46.9 -6 23 27 1.214 2.043 136.5 8.6 27 3 24 19.8 -4 32 59 1.298 2.060 128.6 8.8

12 Victoria 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jun. 20 22 42 16.1 +4 16 59 1.277 1.819 104.4 10.3 30 22 51 57.3 +6 24 37 1.197 1.822 110.6 10.2 Jul. 10 22 59 01.0 +8 17 42 1.122 1.828 117.4 10.0 20 23 03 07.8 +9 51 04 1.054 1.835 124.8 9.8 30 23 03 59.8 +10 58 30 0.996 1.844 133.0 9.6

Aug. 9 23 01 36.5 +11 33 42 0.950 1.855 141.8 9.4 19 22 56 23.0 +11 32 05 0.918 1.868 150.8 9.2 29 22 49 11.7 +10 52 18 0.904 1.882 159.0 9.0 Sep. 8 22 41 27.6 +9 39 23 0.911 1.898 163.4 9.0 18 22 34 41.6 +8 04 27 0.938 1.915 160.6 9.1

28 22 30 08.7 +6 21 34 0.986 1.934 153.0 9.4 Oct. 8 22 28 37.4 +4 44 31 1.054 1.953 144.0 9.6 18 22 30 19.8 +3 23 01 1.140 1.974 135.0 9.9 28 22 35 06.7 +2 22 23 1.240 1.996 126.3 10.2 Nov. 7 22 42 37.6 +1 44 33 1.352 2.018 118.1 10.5

15 Eunomia 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Apr. 21 16 57 35.7 -34 56 25 2.266 3.036 132.4 10.2 May 1 16 52 45.2 -35 03 16 2.162 3.025 142.6 10.0 11 16 45 22.3 -34 58 12 2.080 3.014 152.8 9.8 21 16 36 03.3 -34 38 46 2.022 3.002 162.2 9.6 31 16 25 41.4 -34 03 54 1.991 2.989 167.7 9.5

44 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2014 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES 15 Eunomia (cont.) 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jun. 10 16 15 23.6 -33 15 01 1.988 2.977 163.9 9.5 20 16 06 14.7 -32 16 11 2.012 2.963 154.9 9.7 30 15 59 04.6 -31 12 48 2.061 2.950 144.7 9.8 Jul. 10 15 54 26.3 -30 10 29 2.132 2.935 134.5 10.0 20 15 52 31.3 -29 13 39 2.220 2.921 124.7 10.1

16 Psyche 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jun. 30 21 28 00.7 -12 59 56 1.912 2.750 137.7 10.3 Jul. 10 21 24 41.1 -13 21 04 1.821 2.737 148.1 10.0 20 21 19 14.9 -13 53 49 1.751 2.724 159.1 9.8 30 21 12 09.1 -14 35 32 1.705 2.712 170.4 9.5 Aug. 9 21 04 10.0 -15 21 57 1.686 2.699 177.4 9.3

19 20 56 14.3 -16 08 15 1.694 2.687 166.1 9.6 29 20 49 18.9 -16 49 56 1.727 2.675 154.7 9.8 Sep 8 20 44 14.5 -17 23 30 1.784 2.664 143.7 10.0 18 20 41 32.7 -17 47 01 1.860 2.652 133.3 10.2 28 20 41 28.3 -17 59 34 1.953 2.641 123.4 10.4

18 Melpomene 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 9 0 19.9 +8 29 39 1.417 2.290 144.4 9.8 11 8 52 31.5 +9 28 31 1.380 2.314 156.3 9.6 21 8 42 47.8 +10 44 34 1.367 2.339 168.1 9.4 31 8 32 22.4 +12 10 42 1.382 2.363 172.7 9.4 Feb. 10 8 22 40.4 +13 38 20 1.426 2.387 162.8 9.6

20 8 14 55.6 +14 59 51 1.496 2.410 151.1 9.9 Mar. 2 8 9 54.7 +16 10 13 1.590 2.433 139.8 10.2 12 8 7 59.3 +17 6 51 1.702 2.455 129.3 10.4 22 8 9 6.3 +17 49 9 1.830 2.477 119.5 10.7 Apr. 1 8 12 58.8 +18 17 34 1.968 2.498 110.4 10.9

23 Thalia 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ´ " au au ° Oct. 18 5 3 35.5 +20 07 18 1.557 2.304 127.5 10.7 28 5 3 09.8 +20 44 54 1.446 2.280 137.5 10.4 Nov. 7 4 59 18.3 +21 25 18 1.352 2.256 148.4 10.1 17 4 52 07.7 +22 07 36 1.278 2.233 160.0 9.8 27 4 42 14.1 +22 49 48 1.229 2.211 172.3 9.5

BAA Handbook 2014 Asteroids 45 ASTEROID EPHEMERIDES 23 Thalia (cont.) 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ´ " au au ° Dec 7 4 30 54.8 +23 29 36 1.206 2.189 174.8 9.3 17 4 19 48.7 +24 05 52 1.210 2.168 162.3 9.6 27 4 10 36.1 +24 39 13 1.239 2.148 150.1 9.8

29 Amphitrite 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° May 11 18 44 28.2 -31 31 35 1.959 2.720 129.9 10.3 21 18 41 35.0 -32 00 58 1.863 2.717 139.9 10.1 31 18 35 42.7 -32 28 44 1.785 2.713 150.3 9.9 Jun. 10 18 27 15.4 -32 50 56 1.730 2.709 160.6 9.7 20 18 17 01.8 -33 03 39 1.701 2.705 169.0 9.5

30 18 06 08.5 -33 04 14 1.697 2.701 168.3 9.5 Jul. 10 17 55 54.0 -32 52 22 1.720 2.696 159.4 9.7 20 17 47 27.0 -32 30 25 1.768 2.691 149.1 9.9 30 17 41 35.3 -32 01 57 1.838 2.686 138.7 10.1 Aug. 9 17 38 44.9 -31 30 43 1.926 2.681 128.8 10.3

40 Harmonia 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jul. 20 23 16 20.9 -10 24 28 1.376 2.181 130.9 10.4 30 23 15 45.8 -11 04 33 1.295 2.178 140.7 10.2 Aug. 9 23 12 07.2 -12 01 43 1.231 2.175 151.2 9.9 19 23 05 42.8 -13 10 47 1.187 2.173 162.1 9.6 29 22 57 14.8 -14 23 31 1.166 2.170 171.5 9.4

Sep. 8 22 47 55.7 -15 29 39 1.170 2.168 169.5 9.4 18 22 39 09.6 -16 20 14 1.197 2.166 159.1 9.7 28 22 32 13.0 -16 49 29 1.248 2.165 148.2 10.0 Oct. 8 22 28 01.6 -16 55 22 1.318 2.163 137.6 10.2

532 Herculina 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ' " au au ° Jan. 1 6 02 12.9 17 19 35 1.717 2.688 168.5 9.5 11 5 52 34.7 18 22 32 1.735 2.669 157.2 9.6 21 5 44 40.5 19 26 35 1.780 2.651 145.5 9.8 31 5 39 17.6 20 29 41 1.848 2.632 134.2 10.0 Feb. 10 5 36 54.2 21 30 29 1.935 2.614 123.6 10.1

46 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2014 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS

OCCULTATIONS OF STARS BY ASTEROIDS AND DWARF PLANETS Events selected involve occulted stars brighter than visual magnitude 9.7, maximum occultation durations of 3 seconds or longer, and magnitude drops greater than 1.3. Two events (visible from the UK) have been selected as having especially favourable circumstances.' Max Star Asteroid Asteroid Star Date UT ΔM Duration Magnitude Diameter hh:mm s km 9 Metis HIP 78193 Mar. 07 03:08 3.2 28.4 7.9 231 5 Astraea HIP 4297 Aug. 26 01:34 3.4 18 8.2 125 In the table above: ΔM The magnitude drop during occultation. Max Duration Duration of the occultation for an observer at the centre of the shadow path Star Magnitude Visual magnitude of the star Prediction uncertainties Shadow tracks will move, and prediction updates appear some days or weeks earlier. These should enable an observer to decide whether or not to use a mobile telescope inside the shadow path. Interested observers can contact Tim Haymes, who will provide updates when they become available, and answer any queries. What to expect Disappearance of these stars behind the fainter asteroid should be quite abrupt and obvious. In larger telescopes the asteroid will be visible as a dim speck before the full glare of the star reappears. Well worth watching, and recording with video or CCD cameras. Event Duration The duration of an occultation will depend on where the observer is positioned within the predicted shadow path and the actual track. At the edge, the events are a few seconds long, or less. Many successful observations will reveal the asteroid’s outline. Results are published on the EURASTER web site: http://www.euraster.net/results/index.html - look at BEST EVENTS to see many interesting results including 130 Elektra on 2010-Feb-20 which contains seven UK observations. An occultation “miss” (no occultation) is a valid and important result in occultation astronomy. Recording and reporting an observation The disappearance time and duration of occultation are the key results. Timed observations need to be related to an accurate UT clock, or a clock that has been previously synchronised to UT. Aim for an accuracy of 0.1 to 0.5 sec. Send results to the BAA Asteroids and Remote Planets Section (Occultations), via Tim Haymes, Hill Rise, Knowl Hill Common, Knowl Hill, Reading, RG10 9YD or email to: tvh.observatory@btinternet dot com. Include the GOOGLE Earth Long and Lat (to 0.1" arc) of the telescope, and your email address. Using the table below In the table of predictions below: Time = UT of closest geocentric approach. Region of Visibility codes (RoV): 1 = North and Central America 2 = South America 3 = Europe, North Africa and the Middle East 4 = South Africa 5 = Russia 6 = Pakistan, India, and SE Asia 7 = Japan, China and Taiwan 8 = Australia and New Zealand Where diameters are not listed in the IRAS catalogue, an assumed value of A, the geometric albedo, has been used to calculate a value for the asteroid diameter. Predictions computed by Edwin Goffin. Track details are available from his ftp site: ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/2014 BAA Handbook 2014 Asteroids 47 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS Minor Planet Diam Max. Mag. Date Time No. Name (IRAS) Star ID V Dur. drop RoV 2014 h m km sec.

Jan. 1 15 24 535 Montague 74 UCAC4-567-014434 9.25 7.9 3.9 7 3 1 29 241 Germania 169 UCAC4-552-037372 9.39 12.1 2.6 2, 5 9 2 10 536 Merapi 151 HIP 59942 9.57 19.1 4.8 3, 5 17 3 3 308193 2005 CB79* 500§ UCAC4-592-046628 9.47 20.8 11.3 2 18 3 20 239 Adrastea 42 UCAC4-517-039121 9.44 3.8 4.6 3 27 6 46 780 Armenia 94 HIP 64795 9.12 9.6 5.7 1 27 23 27 7 Iris 200 UCAC4-468-141546 8.66 8.4 1.5 2 27 23 52 602 Marianna 125 HIP 37265 4.89 9.8 7.9 1, 5 Feb. 1 18 15 85 Io 155 UCAC4-471-034292 9.48 12.8 2.9 5, 7 4 2 20 194 Prokne 168 UCAC4-476-048233 9.16 11.7 3.4 2 11 12 10 626 Notburga 101 UCAC4-701-047066 9.40 7.6 3.6 7 18 15 55 914 Palisana 77 UCAC4-381-048654 9.51 5.7 4.0 8 23 8 57 375 Ursula 216 UCAC4-276-203401 9.53 5.8 3.7 2 24 5 46 35 Leukothea 103 HIP 9959 9.22 4.0 5.8 1 Mar. 1 9 28 906 Repsolda 50§ HIP 53923 9.10 3.7 5.0 1 3 20 59 328 Gudrun 123 HIP 92858 8.10 4.0 6.9 8 5 7 6 60 Echo 60 HIP 67574 7.81 17.5 3.9 2 7 3 15 9 Metis 190 HIP 78193 7.92 28.4 3.2 3 15 19 24 105 Artemis 119 UCAC4-439-109867 9.38 3.2 3.8 8 18 19 37 545 Messalina 111 UCAC4-610-029825 8.72 9.3 6.6 3 20 6 8 163 Erigone 73 Regulus 1.32 14.9 11.1 1 24 2 16 626 Notburga 101 UCAC4-651-044484 8.44 5.8 5.3 3 27 2 40 142 Polana 55 UCAC4-563-033645 9.38 4.2 5.6 1, 2 Apr. 2 21 31 2934 Aristophanes 28 HIP 51451 7.13 3.2 9.2 3 3 18 24 1254 Erfordia 45 UCAC4-550-038857 9.52 3.6 6.9 4 4 11 20 1746 Brouwer 64 UCAC4-495-054402 9.53 4.8 7.2 7 6 4 54 98 Ianthe 104 UCAC4-242-138152 7.40 10.1 6.3 2 12 23 45 1585 Union 50 UCAC4-540-047872 9.29 4.8 6.3 3 13 4 6 9 Metis 190 HIP 78216 9.33 34.9 1.4 2 17 17 26 514 Armida 106 UCAC4-339-181004 9.03 9.4 5.6 8 24 10 60 59 Elpis 165 HIP 42383 8.09 12.1 5.3 8 May 3 9 17 105 Artemis 119 HIP 106110 7.66 4.9 5.4 2 4 10 12 34 Circe 114 HIP 84647 7.40 17.5 5.3 2 4 18 5 13372 1998 VU6** 60§ HIP 57516 8.91 4.3 9.4 6 7 17 49 206 Hersilia 113 HIP 8885 7.50 19.5 5.8 6, 8 12 9 7 402 Chloe 54 HIP 73513 9.14 5.6 3.4 1 12 15 39 451 Patientia 225 HIP 64387 8.47 24.0 3.4 6, 7 24 8 31 33 Polyhymnia 62 HIP 110000 5.51 3.7 6.9 2 27 17 24 95 Arethusa 136 HIP 45163 8.36 5.9 5.6 3 Jun. 5 16 53 158 Koronis 35 HIP 92503 9.16 4.3 4.7 6 15 20 46 1776 Kuiper 36 UCAC4-426-130001 9.07 20.5 7.3 6 22 3 58 1771 Makover 57 HIP 76676 8.17 5.3 7.5 2 24 0 57 790 Pretoria 170 UCAC4-342-073757 9.52 17.6 3.3 2 Jul. 2 0 50 912 Maritima 83 UCAC4-220-175085 9.40 5.7 4.4 2 4 7 9 103 Hera 91 HIP 92644 8.71 9.4 2.3 2 10 10 55 912 Maritima 83 UCAC4-219-169140 9.32 6.0 4.6 8 19 9 14 611 Valeria 57 UCAC4-504-002117 8.65 3.8 6.0 1 20 17 16 451 Patientia 225 HIP 65106 7.09 10.3 5.6 4 27 11 43 982 Franklina 33 UCAC4-333-208273 9.49 4.8 3.5 8 30 1 11 103 Hera 91 HIP 91781 6.07 12.5 5.2 2 31 22 24 584 Semiramis 54 UCAC4-454-116236 9.28 8.4 1.7 4 Aug. 2 11 28 165 Loreley 155 HIP 89319 9.26 21.8 3.0 7 3 16 19 - 2009 KL30* 100§ HIP 81688 8.73 11.3 16.3 6 48 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2014 ASTEROID OCCULTATIONS Minor Planet Diam Max. Mag. Date Time No. Name (IRAS) Star ID V Dur. drop RoV 2014 h m km sec. 5 10 10 466 Tisiphone 116 HIP 84576 7.10 15.3 6.7 8 9 14 19 426 Hippo 127 HIP 90639 7.04 13.2 6.2 6, 8 10 19 43 93 Minerva 142 UCAC4-575-008796 9.22 8.1 4.2 7 16 7 19 233 Asterope 103 UCAC4-431-112647 9.40 11.7 2.2 2 19 14 27 982 Franklina 33 UCAC4-345-182423 9.01 8.4 4.5 7 21 20 59 5357 Sekiguchi 30§ HIP 83809 9.02 4.2 7.5 4 24 22 53 805 Hormuthia 67 UCAC4-419-137683 9.32 7.5 4.4 3 26 1 40 5 Astraea 119 HIP 4297 8.21 18.0 3.4 3 Sep. 1 20 36 116 Sirona 72 HIP 6356 9.19 11.2 3.6 8 6 20 30 261 Prymno 51 UCAC4-453-001352 9.36 6.5 3.8 5 8 1 55 983 Gunila 74 UCAC4-559-025398 9.30 3.2 6.6 3, 5 10 2 9 569 Misa 73 HIP 22792 7.62 4.1 6.9 3 18 6 41 82 Alkmene 61 HIP 99229 7.65 23.3 6.2 1 21 22 0 258 Tyche 65 HIP 854 9.08 7.8 1.9 6 30 16 38 347 Pariana 51 HIP 7518 8.52 7.2 4.9 8 Oct. 3 10 12 256 Walpurga 63 UCAC4-495-040429 9.47 3.2 6.3 1 4 18 8 70 Panopaea 122 UCAC4-378-000182 9.41 13.6 2.0 4, 6 9 1 43 54 Alexandra 166 UCAC4-342-181247 9.31 8.9 2.8 1 11 10 4 527 Euryanthe 53 UCAC4-531-033633 9.39 4.8 6.1 1 13 19 32 219 Thusnelda 41 HIP 29493 9.13 4.7 4.2 6, 8 18 12 43 176 Iduna 121 UCAC4-440-040084 9.46 6.1 4.1 1 19 9 58 172 Baucis 62 HIP 100805 7.65 4.2 5.2 8 24 6 25 69 Hesperia 138 UCAC4-507-042532 9.39 8.5 2.5 2 26 2 6 634 Ute 69 HIP 98399 6.84 3.3 7.8 2 27 22 34 240 Vanadis 104 UCAC4-337-184162 8.90 4.4 5.6 2 Nov. 2 19 44 1118 Hanskya 77 UCAC4-653-027742 8.45 9.2 6.7 3,5,7 3 6 5 69 Hesperia 138 HIP 38672 9.01 11.0 2.8 3 8 13 18 93 Minerva 142 UCAC4-601-010239 9.00 12.8 2.7 7 8 22 31 636 Erika 74 UCAC4-554-005691 8.81 6.5 4.3 3, 5 9 10 31 627 Charis 49 UCAC4-528-023487 9.46 10.0 5.4 1 13 17 18 1330 Spiridonia 55 HIP 29403 8.02 7.5 7.3 7 13 17 41 1436 Salonta 63 HIP 29425 7.14 7.4 8.5 6, 7 20 7 4 3 Juno 234 HIP 43357 7.40 25.1 1.9 1 20 12 14 207 Hedda 59 UCAC4-591-028970 9.49 9.2 3.9 1 29 2 8 598 Octavia 72 UCAC4-541-018095 9.23 7.9 3.3 3, 5 Dec. 6 5 1 404 Arsinoe 98 UCAC4-563-034272 8.97 9.1 4.3 2 6 22 6 691 Lehigh 88 HIP 47288 7.98 13.1 6.5 7 10 17 52 844 Leontina 80§ UCAC4-619-039577 9.29 5.9 5.2 6 11 13 39 125 Liberatrix 44 UCAC4-531-037152 9.12 4.4 4.3 7 12 8 35 1428 Mombasa 57 UCAC4-538-049419 9.34 10.1 6.5 1 13 2 56 11 Parthenope 153 HIP 65379 8.42 5.0 3.6 3 13 11 23 35 Leukothea 103 UCAC4-622-035709 9.29 8.6 3.9 1, 7 15 15 11 67 Asia 58 HIP 57972 8.27 3.1 5.4 8 18 14 13 702 Alauda 195 HIP 13832 6.20 15.6 6.2 8 24 9 9 408 Fama 41 HIP 37517 8.21 4.0 5.6 1 26 4 5 81 Terpsichore 119 UCAC4-634-026427 9.41 14.1 2.3 2 26 10 12 33 Polyhymnia 62 HIP 604 9.08 3.4 3.4 8 30 22 44 5144 Achates** 92 UCAC4-608-014233 9.10 4.3 7.7 2 30 22 54 3754 Kathleen 53 UCAC4-556-040651 8.78 3.4 5.4 3, 5

* TNO ** Jupiter Trojan * Plutino , (A = 0.25 assumed) † TNO (A = 0.25 assumed) ‡ Jupiter Trojan, (A = 0.05 assumed) ≈ Indicates ‘almost equal to’ § estimated

BAA Handbook 2014 Asteroids 49 NEO CLOSE APPROACHES TO EARTH Prepared from data on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Near Earth Object Program website at: http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ca/ The website lists asteroids predicted to pass within 0.05 au (about 7.5 million km) of the Earth attaining magnitude 22.0 or brighter during 2014 (as of 2013 Mar 05). Newly-discovered objects may be added to the list available via the JPL NEO site, so do check this for recent updates. The Nominal Miss Distance is given in Lunar Distances (LD) and Astronomical Units (au). The apparent Elongation and Declination are geocentric. Ephemerides should be obtained near the time of observation from the MPC via its Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html For your local ephemerides, choose a location or observatory near your site. Note that the positions of some objects are subject to significant uncertainty.

Object Close Nominal Relative Magnitude Date Elongation Declination Approach Miss Distance Velocity H (brightest) when when when Date* brightest brightest brightest LD** au km s-1 ° ° 251346 Jan. 21.6 18.9 0.0486 9.23 16.7 15.2 Jan. 3 79 +34 348306 Feb. 7.3 15.3 0.0394 17.06 21.6 16.6 Feb. 5 134 +60 2006 DP14 Feb. 10.8 6.2 0.0160 27.13 18.8 12.7 Feb. 11 111 -36 2013 BS45 Feb. 11.3 12.3 0.0317 3.76 25.8 21.0 Feb. 2 110 +07 2000 EM26 Feb. 17 7.6 0.0196 12.57 21.7 15.3 Feb. 19 130 +58 2012 DY43 Feb. 21 15.7 0.0403 19.41 23.0 18.1 Feb. 24 140 -30 275677 Mar. 11.4 13.7 0.0352 11.39 18.7 14.6 Mar. 14 97 +07 2012 EA Mar. 30 13.9 0.0356 6.00 26.9 21.4 Apr. 4 144 +29 2009 SA100 Apr. 1 17.3 0.0445 7.99 23.9 19.4 Mar. 24 139 +36 2010 GD35 Apr. 1 19.0 0.0489 11.07 24.5 19.5 Apr. 5 152 +19 2003 HM Apr. 20.4 16.7 0.0429 13.77 21.7 17.9 Apr. 21 92 +39 304330 Apr. 23.7 12.3 0.0316 12.68 18.9 17.4 Apr. 15 65 +74 2000 HB24 Apr. 27 13.1 0.0336 9.92 23.3 17.5 May 1 160 -02 2010 JO33 May.17 4.0 0.0103 8.19 24.9 17.3 May 17 116 +45 154275 Jun. 9.2 16.3 0.0419 16.60 20.2 16.5 Jun. 12 103 +44 2010 NY65 Jun. 25 12.0 0.0308 13.03 21.7 17.4 Jun. 28 100 +27 2011 PU1 Jul. 18 7.6 0.0196 5.04 25.1 20.2 Jul. 24 96 +12 2010 LE15 Aug. 12.0 15.5 0.0399 9.43 19.5 15.2 Aug. 9 109 -13 163132 Aug. 30.1 13.5 0.0347 26.09 18.3 13.9 Aug. 30 98 -13 2009 RR Sep. 16 1.0 0.0025 13.06 25.6 15.4 Sep. 15 115 +55 2007 DL41 Sep. 27.1 18.5 0.0474 13.34 20.7 16.8 Oct. 2 115 -42 2012 SL50 Oct. 1 12.0 0.0307 11.02 26.4 21.8 Sep. 28 110 -13 2011 PT Oct. 3.9 17.7 0.0454 2.70 24.0 19.1 Oct. 12 136 -26 2012 KY3 Oct. 9 19.4 0.0497 17.95 18.6 15.7 Oct. 5 93 -68 2010 FV9 Oct. 12 12.5 0.0321 6.82 25.4 20.5 Oct. 5 128 -19 2340 Hathor Oct. 21.9 18.8 0.0482 11.91 19.2 14.2 Oct. 27 164 +12 2010 VQ Oct. 22 11.0 0.0283 3.96 27.7 20.5 Oct. 28 178 +15 2009 TD8 Oct. 27 10.3 0.0265 6.93 26.9 21.6 Oct. 24 113 +59 2012 YK Dec. 23 17.6 0.0451 9.30 23.0 16.8 Dec. 20 176 +20

* Dates are quoted to the nearest day if uncertainty in close approach date is greater than ±0.2 day ** Lunar Distance: 1.0 LD = 3.844 x 105 km or 0.00257 au

50 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2014 ASTEROIDS: FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES LIGHTCURVE OPPORTUNITIES

Prepared by Richard Miles based on an analysis of both numbered and unnumbered objects in the Minor Planet Center MPCORB database by Brian D. Warner. Asteroids are listed which at opposition reach magnitude 14.5 or brighter, and for which the rotation period is very uncertain or unknown. Where a 'U' code is given as '1' or ‘1+’, the values given are based on fragmentary lightcurves and are likely to be incorrect. Period/amplitude data are taken from the list maintained by Brian D. Warner and Alan W. Harris of the Space Science Institute and Petr Pravec of the Astronomical Institute, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, at: http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html Asteroid Opposition Amplitude Number Name Date V Δ Dec. U Period of Magnitude m d au ° Code h Variation 1302 Werra 01 01.2 13.9 1.598 +24 0.1 1181 Lilith 02 02.4 14.2 1.466 +10 0.13 1483 Hakoila 02 10.8 14.4 1.272 +21 1 >12 0.05 671 Carnegia 02 13.4 14.3 1.972 +20 1137 Raissa 02 24.9 14.1 1.658 +16 1 37 0.34 896 Sphinx 02 25.5 14.5 1.313 -4 1 26.27 0.08 473 Nolli 02 28.9 14.5 1.433 +5 2410 Morrison 03 02.1 14.5 1.101 +10 1938 Lausanna 03 19.3 14.2 1.015 +1 1803 Zwicky 03 19.8 14.0 0.926 -19 1 27.1 0.08 1614 Goldschmidt 03 20.5 14.5 1.828 +6 2045 Peking 03 24.4 14.4 1.264 +0 2383 Bradley 03 24.8 14.5 0.996 -0 953 Painleva 04 14.0 13.5 1.710 -6 1 10 0.1 1331 Solvejg 04 17.8 14.4 2.080 -6 1 >10 0.3 3523 Arina 04 25.3 14.1 2.053 -6 0.1 299 Thora 04 29.1 14.3 1.578 -15 1706 Dieckvoss 04 29.6 14.4 0.922 -18 1658 Innes 04 29.9 14.4 1.305 -2 957 Camelia 05 07.8 13.9 2.057 -19 1+ 150 0.3 2014 Vasilevskis 05 19.0 14.0 0.877 +7 1 36.25 0.3 21374 1997 WS22 05 20.2 14.1 0.122 -33 5852 Nanette 05 20.8 14.5 1.178 -8 2616 Lesya 05 24.3 14.5 1.181 -18 749 Malzovia 05 28.8 13.2 0.850 -14 2149 Schwambraniya 05 30.1 14.2 1.323 -23 6874 1994 JO1 06 05.7 14.3 0.718 -21 1773 Rumpelstilz 06 10.1 13.8 1.120 -24 3184 Raab 06 19.4 14.5 1.237 -21 2847 Parvati 06 24.3 13.9 0.906 -21 1075 Helina 06 28.4 13.9 1.875 -22 1034 Mozartia 06 29.6 13.1 0.785 -27 924 Toni 07 11.1 13.2 1.792 -13 1 21.1 0.14 1343 Nicole 07 13.5 13.6 1.276 -32 1 70 0.29

BAA Handbook 2014 Asteroids 51 ASTEROIDS: FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES

Asteroid Opposition Amplitude Number Name Date V Δ Dec. U Period of Magnitude m d au ° Code h Variation 1415 Malautra 07 15.4 14.4 1.167 -25 1 >12 0.03 2569 Madeline 07 16.3 14.4 1.592 -33 0.1 331 Etheridgea 07 17.2 13.6 1.847 -30 1 long 0.05 6669 Obi 07 19.3 14.1 0.728 -34 5235 Jean-Loup 07 19.4 14.3 0.958 -15 0.09 3107 Weaver 07 19.9 14.1 0.755 -19 6364 Casarini 08 01.0 14.1 1.068 -33 11650 1997 CN 08 03.9 14.3 0.889 -14 15673 Chetaev 08 04.1 14.3 0.607 -19 2554 Skiff 08 08.2 14.3 0.996 -13 3883 Verbano 08 17.7 14.4 1.313 -4 285944 2001 RZ11 08 17.9 12.0 0.089 -20 7393 Luginbuhl 08 19.0 14.5 0.833 -25 14095 1997 PE2 08 19.0 14.2 0.801 -15 609 Fulvia 08 21.0 14.2 1.988 -10 1+ >12 0.05 10076 1989 PK 08 21.1 14.4 0.771 -12 2869 Nepryadva 08 23.1 14.5 1.232 -23 0.1 3894 Williamcooke 08 24.6 14.3 1.184 -6 4909 Couteau 09 02.2 13.9 0.709 -12 5121 Numazawa 09 03.0 14.3 0.906 -12 5525 1991 TS4 09 03.7 14.3 0.885 -8 3698 Manning 09 04.0 14.0 0.840 -11 2571 Geisei 09 04.4 14.0 0.793 -13 6164 Gerhardmuller 09 06.0 14.4 0.845 -8 4910 Kawasato 09 18.6 13.7 0.663 -1 5510 1988 RF7 09 19.0 14.2 0.668 -14 842 Kerstin 09 19.9 14.4 1.836 -5 1097 Vicia 09 21.8 13.6 1.012 -3 1 26.5 0.08 1271 Isergina 09 22.0 14.1 1.823 -8 2484 Parenago 09 24.6 13.7 0.749 +1 4678 Ninian 10 09.9 14.5 0.807 +4 3755 Lecointe 10 16.7 14.5 0.822 +15 1752 van Herk 10 23.2 14.5 0.926 +14 10565 1994 AT1 11 05.4 14.5 1.086 +9 3177 Chillicothe 11 18.0 14.4 1.281 +29 515 Athalia 11 20.3 14.5 1.607 +17 2693 Yan'an 11 22.6 14.1 0.856 +20 31723 1999 JT61 11 24.1 14.4 0.946 +17 2326 Tololo 11 29.9 14.2 1.494 -3 3841 Dicicco 11 30.0 14.4 0.945 +25 7870 1987 UP2 12 09.9 14.3 0.737 +20 1 12 0.07 1965 van de Kamp 12 15.1 14.5 1.317 +23 1 >36 0.5 763 Cupido 12 25.1 14.4 1.102 +26 1 14.88 0.03 983 Gunila 12 25.1 14.4 2.417 +15 long 0.25 2719 Suzhou 12 31.1 14.4 0.941 +23

52 Asteroids BAA Handbook 2014 ASTEROIDS: FAVOURABLE OBSERVING OPPORTUNITIES OPPORTUNITIES AT LOW PHASE ANGLE AND AT OPPOSITION Asteroids have been selected on the following criteria: V<14.0, Phase Angle ≤0.25 deg Asteroid Opposition Minimum Maximum Number Name Date Phase Angle V Dec. Period Change in m d ° ° h Magnitude 142 Polana 01 04.9 0.17 13.3 +23 9.764 0.11 740 Cantabia 01 18.8 0.24 12.7 +21 64.453 0.16 129 Antigone 02 05.6 0.09 10.9 +16 4.9572 0.49 184 Dejopeja 02 08.0 0.12 12.3 +16 6.455 0.30 287 Nephthys 02 09.6 0.23 11.0 +14 7.605 0.37 1098 Hakone 02 16.5 0.20 13.7 +13 7.142 0.40 304 Olga 02 26.6 0.20 13.6 +8 18.36 0.20 135 Hertha 03 03.9 0.03 12.0 +7 8.403 0.30 388 Charybdis 03 11.0 0.21 12.8 +5 9.516 0.25 308 Polyxo 03 17.2 0.23 11.8 +1 12.032 0.15 48 Doris 03 20.5 0.21 11.1 0 11.89 0.36 91 Aegina 03 25.3 0.14 12.0 -1 6.025 0.27 855 Newcombia 04 08.2 0.19 13.5 -7 3.003 0.35 175 Andromache 04 21.1 0.21 13.2 -12 8.324 0.30 769 Tatjana 05 01.1 0.15 12.6 -15 35.08 0.33 1243 Pamela 05 29.3 0.24 13.7 -21 26.017 0.71 158 Koronis 06 29.2 0.05 13.2 -23 14.218 0.43 240 Vanadis 07 07.5 0.19 12.8 -22 10.64 0.34 888 Parysatis 07 27.5 0.00 13.2 -19 5.9314 0.26 817 Annika 07 31.0 0.25 13.7 -19 10.56 0.27 112 Iphigenia 08 11.1 0.23 11.8 -16 31.466 0.30 243 Ida 08 17.0 0.01 13.6 -14 4.634 0.86 723 Hammonia 09 06.1 0.02 13.7 -7 5.436 0.18 379 Huenna 09 24.5 0.17 11.9 0 14.14 0.09 635 Vundtia 09 26.0 0.04 12.8 +1 11.79 0.27 336 Lacadiera 11 17.9 0.01 12.5 +19 13.7 0.34 570 Kythera 11 19.0 0.19 12.9 +19 8.12 0.18 541 Deborah 12 22.4 0.13 13.9 +23 13.91 0.07 10 Hygiea 12 30.9 0.13 10.0 +24 27.623 0.33

BAA Handbook 2014 Asteroids 53 JUPITER

Opposition: January 5 Conjunction: July 24

Equat. Polar

2014 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Diam. DE Δ h m º ' " " º au Jan. 3 7 08.8 +22 37 -2.6 46.8 43.8 +1.6 4.211 13 7 03.0 +22 48 -2.6 46.7 43.7 +1.6 4.221 23 6 57.6 +22 57 -2.6 46.2 43.2 +1.6 4.263 Feb. 2 6 52.8 +23 04 -2.6 45.5 42.5 +1.6 4.334 12 6 49.1 +23 10 -2.5 44.5 41.6 +1.6 4.431

22 6 46.6 +23 14 -2.5 43.3 40.5 +1.6 4.551 Mar. 4 6 45.6 +23 16 -2.4 42.1 39.3 +1.6 4.688 14 6 45.9 +23 16 -2.3 40.8 38.1 +1.6 4.838 24 6 47.7 +23 15 -2.3 39.5 36.9 +1.6 4.995 Apr. 3 6 50.7 +23 12 -2.2 38.2 35.8 +1.6 5.156

13 6 55.0 +23 07 -2.1 37.1 34.7 +1.5 5.317 23 7 00.2 +23 01 -2.1 36.0 33.7 +1.5 5.473 May 3 7 06.4 +22 52 -2.0 35.1 32.8 +1.5 5.621 13 7 13.4 +22 41 -2.0 34.2 32.0 +1.4 5.759 23 7 21.0 +22 27 -1.9 33.5 31.3 +1.4 5.884

Jun. 2 7 29.2 +22 11 -1.9 32.9 30.8 +1.3 5.995 12 7 37.8 +21 53 -1.8 32.4 30.3 +1.2 6.089 22 7 46.6 +21 32 -1.8 32.0 29.9 +1.2 6.166 Jul. 2 7 55.7 +21 09 -1.8 31.7 29.6 +1.1 6.224 12 8 05.0 +20 43 -1.8 31.5 29.4 +1.0 6.262

22 8 14.2 +20 16 -1.8 31.4 29.4 +0.9 6.281 Aug. 1 8 23.5 +19 46 -1.8 31.4 29.4 +0.9 6.279 11 8 32.6 +19 16 -1.8 31.5 29.5 +0.8 6.257 21 8 41.5 +18 44 -1.8 31.7 29.7 +0.7 6.215 31 8 50.1 +18 12 -1.8 32.0 30.0 +0.6 6.154

Sep. 10 8 58.4 +17 39 -1.8 32.5 30.4 +0.5 6.074 20 9 06.2 +17 07 -1.9 33.0 30.8 +0.4 5.976 30 9 13.5 +16 37 -1.9 33.6 31.4 +0.3 5.862 Oct. 10 9 20.2 +16 08 -1.9 34.4 32.1 +0.2 5.735 20 9 26.1 +15 43 -2.0 35.2 32.9 +0.1 5.595

30 9 31.2 +15 20 -2.1 36.2 33.8 +0.1 5.447 Nov. 9 9 35.3 +15 02 -2.1 37.3 34.8 0.0 5.292 19 9 38.4 +14 49 -2.2 38.4 35.9 -0.1 5.136 29 9 40.3 +14 42 -2.2 39.6 37.0 -0.1 4.981 Dec. 9 9 40.9 +14 42 -2.3 40.8 38.1 -0.2 4.833

19 9 40.3 +14 47 -2.4 42.0 39.3 -0.2 4.696 29 9 38.5 +14 59 -2.4 43.1 40.3 -0.2 4.576

Description of the headings in the table can be found on page 108.

54 Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF JUPITER SYSTEM I Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 60.4 278.6 19.9 231.4 282.5 130.1 179.6 27.4 236.3 289.0 141.6 198.9 2 218.4 76.6 177.8 29.2 80.2 287.7 337.3 185.1 34.0 86.8 299.5 356.8 3 16.5 234.5 335.6 186.9 237.9 85.4 135.0 342.8 191.7 244.6 97.4 154.8 4 174.5 32.5 133.4 344.6 35.6 243.0 292.6 140.4 349.5 42.4 255.2 312.8 5 332.5 190.4 291.3 142.3 193.2 40.7 90.3 298.1 147.2 200.2 53.1 110.7 6 130.6 348.4 89.1 300.1 350.9 198.3 247.9 95.8 304.9 358.0 211.0 268.7 7 288.6 146.3 246.9 97.8 148.6 356.0 45.6 253.5 102.7 155.8 8.9 66.6 8 86.6 304.2 44.8 255.5 306.3 153.6 203.3 51.2 260.4 313.6 166.8 224.6 9 244.7 102.2 202.6 53.2 103.9 311.3 0.9 208.9 58.2 111.4 324.6 22.6 10 42.7 260.1 0.4 211.0 261.6 108.9 158.6 6.6 215.9 269.2 122.5 180.6 11 200.7 58.0 158.2 8.7 59.3 266.6 316.2 164.3 13.6 67.0 280.4 338.5 12 358.7 215.9 316.0 166.4 216.9 64.2 113.9 322.0 171.4 224.8 78.3 136.5 13 156.8 13.9 113.8 324.1 14.6 221.9 271.6 119.7 329.1 22.6 236.2 294.5 14 314.8 171.8 271.6 121.8 172.2 19.5 69.2 277.4 126.9 180.5 34.1 92.5 15 112.8 329.7 69.4 279.5 329.9 177.2 226.9 75.1 284.7 338.3 192.0 250.5 16 270.8 127.6 227.2 77.2 127.6 334.8 24.6 232.8 82.4 136.1 349.9 48.5 17 68.8 285.5 25.0 234.9 285.2 132.5 182.2 30.5 240.2 293.9 147.8 206.5 18 226.8 83.4 182.8 32.6 82.9 290.1 339.9 188.2 37.9 91.8 305.8 4.5 19 24.8 241.3 340.5 190.3 240.5 87.8 137.6 345.9 195.7 249.6 103.7 162.4 20 182.8 39.1 138.3 348.0 38.2 245.4 295.2 143.6 353.5 47.4 261.6 320.4 21 340.8 197.0 296.1 145.7 195.9 43.1 92.9 301.3 151.2 205.3 59.5 118.5 22 138.8 354.9 93.9 303.4 353.5 200.7 250.6 99.0 309.0 3.1 217.4 276.5 23 296.8 152.8 251.6 101.1 151.2 358.4 48.3 256.8 106.8 160.9 15.4 74.5 24 94.8 310.6 49.4 258.8 308.8 156.0 205.9 54.5 264.5 318.8 173.3 232.5 25 252.8 108.5 207.2 56.5 106.5 313.7 3.6 212.2 62.3 116.6 331.2 30.5 26 50.8 266.4 4.9 214.1 264.1 111.4 161.3 9.9 220.1 274.5 129.2 188.5 27 208.8 64.2 162.7 11.8 61.8 269.0 319.0 167.6 17.9 72.3 287.1 346.5 28 6.7 222.1 320.4 169.5 219.4 66.7 116.7 325.4 175.6 230.2 85.0 144.5 29 164.7 118.2 327.2 17.1 224.3 274.3 123.1 333.4 28.0 243.0 302.6 30 322.7 275.9 124.9 174.8 22.0 72.0 280.8 131.2 185.9 40.9 100.6 31 120.6 73.7 332.4 229.7 78.5 343.8 258.6

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.58 7 256.05 10 6.10 1 0.61 6 3.66 2 73.16 8 292.63 20 12.19 2 1.22 7 4.27 3 109.74 9 329.21 30 18.29 3 1.83 8 4.88 4 146.32 10 365.79 40 24.39 4 2.44 9 5.49 5 182.90 11 402.37 50 30.48 5 3.05 10 6.10 6 219.48 12 438.95 60 36.58 System I applies to all objects situated on or between the north component of the South Equatorial Belt and the south component of the North Equatorial Belt. BAA Handbook 2014 Jupiter 55 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF JUPITER SYSTEM II Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 260.8 242.5 130.2 105.1 287.4 258.4 79.1 50.3 22.6 206.5 182.5 10.9 2 51.2 32.8 280.4 255.2 77.4 48.4 229.1 200.3 172.7 356.6 332.8 161.2 3 201.6 183.1 70.6 45.3 227.5 198.4 19.1 350.4 322.8 146.8 123.0 311.5 4 352.0 333.4 220.8 195.4 17.5 348.4 169.2 140.5 112.9 296.9 273.3 101.8 5 142.4 123.8 11.0 345.5 167.6 138.5 319.2 290.5 263.0 87.1 63.5 252.2 6 292.8 274.1 161.2 135.6 317.6 288.5 109.2 80.6 53.1 237.3 213.7 42.5 7 83.2 64.4 311.4 285.7 107.6 78.5 259.2 230.6 203.3 27.5 4.0 192.8 8 233.6 214.7 101.6 75.8 257.7 228.5 49.3 20.7 353.4 177.6 154.3 343.2 9 24.0 5.0 251.8 225.9 47.7 18.6 199.3 170.8 143.5 327.8 304.5 133.5 10 174.4 155.3 41.9 16.0 197.8 168.6 349.3 320.8 293.6 118.0 94.8 283.9 11 324.8 305.6 192.1 166.1 347.8 318.6 139.4 110.9 83.7 268.2 245.0 74.2 12 115.2 95.9 342.3 316.2 137.8 108.6 289.4 261.0 233.8 58.3 35.3 224.6 13 265.6 246.1 132.5 106.3 287.9 258.6 79.4 51.0 24.0 208.5 185.6 14.9 14 56.0 36.4 282.6 256.3 77.9 48.7 229.5 201.1 174.1 358.7 335.8 165.3 15 206.4 186.7 72.8 46.4 227.9 198.7 19.5 351.2 324.2 148.9 126.1 315.6 16 356.7 337.0 223.0 196.5 18.0 348.7 169.6 141.2 114.3 299.1 276.4 106.0 17 147.1 127.2 13.1 346.6 168.0 138.7 319.6 291.3 264.5 89.3 66.7 256.4 18 297.5 277.5 163.3 136.6 318.0 288.7 109.6 81.4 54.6 239.5 216.9 46.7 19 87.9 67.8 313.4 286.7 108.1 78.8 259.7 231.5 204.7 29.7 7.2 197.1 20 238.2 218.0 103.6 76.8 258.1 228.8 49.7 21.6 354.8 179.9 157.5 347.5 21 28.6 8.3 253.7 226.8 48.1 18.8 199.8 171.6 145.0 330.1 307.8 137.8 22 179.0 158.5 43.9 16.9 198.1 168.8 349.8 321.7 295.1 120.3 98.1 288.2 23 329.3 308.8 194.0 167.0 348.2 318.9 139.8 111.8 85.3 270.5 248.4 78.6 24 119.7 99.0 344.2 317.0 138.2 108.9 289.9 261.9 235.4 60.7 38.7 229.0 25 270.1 249.2 134.3 107.1 288.2 258.9 79.9 52.0 25.5 211.0 189.0 19.3 26 60.4 39.5 284.4 257.1 78.2 48.9 230.0 202.1 175.7 1.2 339.3 169.7 27 210.8 189.7 74.5 47.2 228.3 199.0 20.0 352.2 325.8 151.4 129.6 320.1 28 1.1 339.9 224.7 197.2 18.3 349.0 170.1 142.2 116.0 301.6 279.9 110.5 29 151.5 14.8 347.3 168.3 139.0 320.1 292.3 266.1 91.8 70.2 260.9 30 301.8 164.9 137.3 318.3 289.0 110.2 82.4 56.3 242.1 220.6 51.3 31 92.1 315.0 108.4 260.2 232.5 32.3 201.7

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.26 7 253.83 10 6.04 1 0.60 6 3.63 2 72.52 8 290.09 20 12.09 2 1.21 7 4.23 3 108.78 9 326.35 30 18.13 3 1.81 8 4.83 4 145.05 10 362.61 40 24.17 4 2.42 9 5.44 5 181.31 11 398.87 50 30.22 5 3.02 10 6.04 6 217.57 12 435.14 60 36.26 System II applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. 56 Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF JUPITER SYSTEM III Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 65.9 55.8 311.0 294.2 124.5 103.8 292.4 271.9 252.5 84.4 68.7 265.0 2 216.6 206.4 101.5 84.6 274.8 254.0 82.7 62.3 42.9 234.8 219.2 55.6 3 7.2 357.0 252.0 235.0 65.1 44.3 233.0 212.6 193.3 25.2 9.7 206.2 4 157.9 147.6 42.4 25.4 215.4 194.6 23.3 2.9 343.6 175.7 160.2 356.8 5 308.6 298.2 192.9 175.7 5.7 344.9 173.6 153.2 134.0 326.1 310.7 147.4 6 99.3 88.8 343.4 326.1 156.0 135.2 323.9 303.6 284.4 116.5 101.3 298.0 7 249.9 239.4 133.8 116.5 306.4 285.5 114.2 93.9 74.8 267.0 251.8 88.6 8 40.6 29.9 284.3 266.8 96.7 75.8 264.5 244.2 225.1 57.4 42.3 239.2 9 191.3 180.5 74.7 57.2 247.0 226.1 54.8 34.5 15.5 207.8 192.8 29.8 10 341.9 331.1 225.2 207.5 37.3 16.4 205.1 184.9 165.9 358.3 343.3 180.4 11 132.6 121.6 15.6 357.9 187.6 166.6 355.4 335.2 316.3 148.7 133.9 331.1 12 283.2 272.2 166.1 148.2 337.9 316.9 145.7 125.5 106.7 299.2 284.4 121.7 13 73.9 62.7 316.5 298.6 128.2 107.2 296.0 275.9 257.1 89.6 74.9 272.3 14 224.5 213.3 107.0 88.9 278.5 257.5 86.3 66.2 47.4 240.1 225.5 62.9 15 15.2 3.8 257.4 239.3 68.8 47.8 236.6 216.5 197.8 30.6 16.0 213.5 16 165.9 154.4 47.8 29.6 219.1 198.1 26.9 6.9 348.2 181.0 166.6 4.2 17 316.5 304.9 198.3 179.9 9.4 348.4 177.2 157.2 138.6 331.5 317.1 154.8 18 107.1 95.4 348.7 330.3 159.7 138.7 327.5 307.6 289.0 121.9 107.7 305.4 19 257.8 246.0 139.1 120.6 310.0 288.9 117.8 97.9 79.4 272.4 258.2 96.1 20 48.4 36.5 289.5 270.9 100.3 79.2 268.2 248.3 229.8 62.9 48.8 246.7 21 199.1 187.0 79.9 61.3 250.6 229.5 58.5 38.6 20.2 213.3 199.3 37.3 22 349.7 337.5 230.3 211.6 40.8 19.8 208.8 189.0 170.6 3.8 349.9 188.0 23 140.3 128.0 20.7 1.9 191.1 170.1 359.1 339.3 321.0 154.3 140.4 338.6 24 291.0 278.5 171.1 152.3 341.4 320.4 149.4 129.7 111.4 304.8 291.0 129.3 25 81.6 69.0 321.5 302.6 131.7 110.7 299.7 280.0 261.9 95.3 81.6 279.9 26 232.2 219.5 111.9 92.9 282.0 261.0 90.0 70.4 52.3 245.7 232.1 70.6 27 22.8 10.0 262.3 243.2 72.3 51.3 240.3 220.7 202.7 36.2 22.7 221.2 28 173.4 160.5 52.7 33.5 222.6 201.6 30.7 11.1 353.1 186.7 173.3 11.9 29 324.0 203.1 183.9 12.9 351.9 181.0 161.4 143.5 337.2 323.9 162.5 30 114.6 353.5 334.2 163.2 142.2 331.3 311.8 293.9 127.7 114.5 313.2 31 265.2 143.9 313.5 121.6 102.2 278.2 103.8

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.27 7 253.91 10 6.05 1 0.60 6 3.63 2 72.54 8 290.18 20 12.09 2 1.21 7 4.23 3 108.82 9 326.45 30 18.14 3 1.81 8 4.84 4 145.09 10 362.72 40 24.18 4 2.42 9 5.44 5 181.36 11 399.00 50 30.23 5 3.02 10 6.05 6 217.63 12 435.27 60 36.27 System III applies to the origin of radio emissions from the planet.

BAA Handbook 2014 Jupiter 57 SATELLITES OF JUPITER

The satellites move from east to west across the face of the planet, and from west to east behind it. After conjunction with the Sun and before opposition, the shadow of Jupiter falls to the west, eclipse precedes occultation, and shadow-transit precedes transit. After opposition, the order of phenomena is reversed, occultation preceding eclipse and transit preceding shadow-transit.

Both phases of eclipse (EcD and EcR) and of occultation (OcD and OcR) of satellites III and IV may be seen if not too near opposition. Satellite I is much closer to the planet, and eclipse and occultation merge into one, OcD being followed by EcR after opposition and before conjunction, while EcD is followed by OcR after conjunction and before opposition. Satellite II normally behaves in the same manner but on rare occasions the separate phenomena of II may be observed. This happens when the planet is near quadrature and is tilted at almost the maximum amount.

On a few occasions all three of the inner satellites may be involved simultaneously in these phenomena. The motions of these three satellites are related in such a way that it is impossible for all three to undergo the same phenomenon at the same time.

The Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides supplies event timings in Terrestrial Time (TT). These have been converted to Universal Time (UT), closely, by subtracting one minute (see tables on p.63-72), since ΔT is about one minute now. The times of phenomena are given for the centre of the satellite. The light of the satellite will therefore begin to fade before the times given here, and observation should commence several minutes before the predicted times.

Charts are included for all 12 months of the year, even though Jupiter will be in conjunction with the Sun on July 24, and therefore not observable for a few weeks either side of this date.

For all charts the satellites are labelled:

I Io II Europa III Ganymede IV Callisto

58 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 March February CONFIGURATION OF SATELLITES I - IV OF SATELLITES CONFIGURATION SATELLITES OF JUPITER 2014 OF SATELLITES January BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Jupiter 59 June May CONFIGURATION OF SATELLITES I - IV OF SATELLITES CONFIGURATION SATELLITES OF JUPITER 2014 OF SATELLITES April 60 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 September August CONFIGURATION OF SATELLITES I - IV OF SATELLITES CONFIGURATION SATELLITES OF JUPITER 2014 OF SATELLITES July BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Jupiter 61 December November CONFIGURATION OF SATELLITES I - IV OF SATELLITES CONFIGURATION SATELLITES OF JUPITER 2014 OF SATELLITES October 62 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS The times are for mid-phenomena, i.e. for eclipses, the planet’s shadow bisecting the satellite; for other events, the Jupiter’s limb bisecting the satellite or the satellite shadow. Abbreviations: OcD and OcR, occultation disappearance and reappearance; EcD and EcR eclipse disappearance and reappearance; TrI and TrE, transit ingress and egress; ShI and ShE, shadow- transit ingress and egress.

January January

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 0 II 02:16 05:14 1 I 14:15 16:31 14:22 16:37 0 III 16:09 19:52 1/2 II 21:21 00:02 21:33 00:15 0 I 17:06 19:30 3 I 08:44 10:59 08:48 11:03 2 I 11:35 13:56 3/4 IV 21:04 00:26 21:30 00:55 3 II 15:33 18:20 4 III 06:12 09:22 06:22 09:31 4 I 06:03 08:22 5 I 03:12 05:28 03:13 05:29 5 II 10:39 13:20 10:40 13:21

Jupiter in opposition to the Sun: 2014 January 5d 21h

January January

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 6 I 00:32 02:48 6 I 21:39 23:54 21:41 23:56 7 II 04:46 07:31 8 I 16:05 18:20 16:09 18:25 7 I 18:58 21:17 8/9 II 23:47 02:29 23:57 02:39 7 III 19:57 23:21 10 I 10:31 12:46 10:38 12:53 9 I 13:24 15:45 11 III 09:36 12:46 10:11 13:21 10 II 17:53 20:49 12 I 04:57 07:12 05:07 07:22 11 I 07:50 10:14 12 II 12:54 15:36 13:15 15:57 12 IV 02:44 07:44 13/14 I 23:23 01:38 23:35 01:51 13 I 02:16 04:43 15 I 17:49 20:04 18:04 20:19 14 II 07:00 10:07 16 II 02:02 04:43 02:34 05:16 14 I 20:42 23:11 17 I 12:15 14:30 12:32 14:48 14/15 III 23:13 03:21 18 III 12:53 16:02 14:10 17:21 16 I 15:08 17:40 19 I 06:41 08:56 07:01 09:17 17 II 20:07 23:25 19 II 15:10 17:51 15:52 18:34 18 I 09:34 12:09 20 IV 11:38 15:02 15:05 18:36 20 I 04:00 06:37 21 I 01:07 03:22 01:30 03:45 21 II 09:14 12:43 22 I 19:33 21:48 19:58 22:14 21/22 I 22:26 01:06 23 II 04:18 06:59 05:10 07:52 22 III 02:30 07:22 24 I 13:59 16:14 14:27 16:42 23 I 16:52 19:35 25 III 16:11 19:20 18:09 21:21 24/25 II 22:22 02:01 26 I 08:25 10:40 08:56 11:11 25 I 11:18 14:04 26 II 17:26 20:07 18:28 21:10

BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Jupiter 63 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

January cont'd January cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 27 I 05:45 08:32 28 I 02:52 05:07 03:24 05:40 28 II 11:30 15:19 29/30 I 21:18 23:33 21:53 00:09 28/29 IV 17:00 20:26 22:17 01:54 30 II 06:35 09:15 07:46 10:28 29 I 00:11 03:01 31 I 15:44 17:59 16:22 18:37 29 III 05:49 11:22 30 I 18:37 21:30

February February

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 1 II 00:38 04:37 1/2 III 19:33 22:42 22:10 01:22 1 I 13:04 15:58 2 I 10:11 12:26 10:50 13:06 3 I 07:30 10:27 2 II 19:44 22:24 21:04 23:46 4 II 13:47 17:55 4 I 04:37 06:52 05:19 07:35 5 I 01:57 04:56 5/:6 I 23:04 01:19 23:48 02:03 5 III 09:11 15:22 6 IV 02:12 05:35 09:06 12:45 6 I 20:23 23:25 6 II 08:53 11:34 10:23 13:05 8 II 02:57 07:13 7 I 17:30 19:45 18:16 20:32 8 I 14:50 17:53 8/:9 III 22:58 02:06 02:09 05:23 10 I 09:17 12:22 9 I 11:57 14:12 12:45 15:01 11 II 16:07 20:32 9/10 II 22:03 00:43 23:41 02:23 12 I 03:43 06:51 11 I 06:24 08:39 07:14 09:29 12 III 12:37 15:48 16:07 19:22 13 I 00:51 03:06 01:43 03:58 13/14 I 22:10 01:20 13 II 11:14 13:54 12:59 15:41 14 IV 07:55 11:22 16:20 20:05 14 I 19:18 21:33 20:11 22:27 15 II 05:17 09:50 16 III 02:27 05:36 06:09 09:23 15 I 16:37 19:48 16 I 13:45 16:00 14:40 16:56 17 I 11:04 14:17 17 II 00:25 03:05 02:17 04:59 18 II 18:28 23:09 18 I 08:12 10:27 09:09 11:24 19 I 05:31 08:46 20 I 02:39 04:54 03:38 05:53 19 III 16:08 19:19 20:06 23:23 20 II 13:36 16:16 15:35 18:17 20/21 I 23:58 03:15 21/22 I 21:06 23:21 22:06 00:22 22 II 07:40 12:27 22/23 IV 17:34 20:58 03:09 06:54 22 I 18:26 21:43 23 III 06:00 09:09 10:09 13:23 24 I 12:53 16:12 23 I 15:33 17:48 16:35 18:51 25/26 II 20:53 01:46 24 II 02:48 05:28 04:53 07:35 26 I 07:20 10:41 25 I 10:01 12:16 11:04 13:19 26/27 III 19:45 22:56 00:07 03:25 27 I 04:28 06:43 05:33 07:48 28 I 01:48 05:10 27 II 16:01 18:41 18:11 20:53 28/1 I 22:56 01:11 00:02 02:17 64 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

March March

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 1 II 10:06 15:04 2 III 09:38 12:47 14:08 17:23 1 I 20:15 23:39 2 I 17:23 19:38 18:31 20:46 2/3 IV 23:45 03:14 10:23 14:15 3 II 05:14 07:54 07:29 10:11 3 I 14:43 18:07 4 I 11:51 14:06 12:59 15:15 4/5 II 23:19 04:23 6 I 06:19 08:34 07:28 09:44 5 I 09:11 12:36 6 II 18:28 21:08 20:47 23:29 5/6 III 23:25 02:37 04:07 07:25 8 I 00:47 03:01 01:57 04:12 7 I 03:38 07:05 9 III 13:21 16:30 18:08 21:24 8 II 12:33 17:41 9 I 19:15 21:29 20:26 22:41 8/9 I 22:06 01:34 10 II 07:43 10:22 10:05 12:47 10 I 16:34 20:02 11/12 IV 09:56 13:22 21:11 01:03 12 II 01:49 07:01 11 I 13:43 15:57 14:55 17:10 12 I 11:02 14:31 13 I 08:11 10:25 09:23 11:39 13 III 03:11 06:23 08:07 11:26 13/14 II 20:58 23:37 23:23 02:05 14 I 05:30 09:00 15 I 02:39 04:54 03:52 06:08 15 II 15:04 20:19 16/17 III 17:09 20:18 22:08 01:24 15/16 I 23:58 03:29 16/17 I 21:07 23:22 22:21 00:37 17 I 18:26 21:58 17 II 10:13 12:53 12:41 15:23 19 II 04:20 09:38 18 I 15:35 17:50 16:50 19:05 19 I 12:55 16:26 20 I 10:04 12:18 11:19 13:34 19/20 IV 16:36 20:08 04:26 08:25 20/21 II 23:29 02:09 01:59 04:41 20 III 07:00 10:13 12:07 15:26 22 I 04:32 06:47 05:48 08:03 21 I 07:23 10:55 23/24 III 21:02 00:12 02:08 05:26 22 II 17:37 22:57 23/24 I 23:01 01:15 00:17 02:32 23 I 01:51 05:24 24 II 12:46 15:25 15:17 17:59 24 I 20:20 23:53 25 I 17:29 19:44 18:45 21:01 26 II 06:54 12:16 27 I 11:58 14:13 13:14 15:30 26 I 14:48 18:21 28 II 02:03 04:42 04:35 07:17 27 III 10:54 14:08 16:06 19:27 28 IV 03:15 06:47 15:14 19:12 28 I 09:17 12:50 29 I 06:26 08:41 07:43 09:59 29/30 II 20:12 01:35 31 I 00:55 03:10 02:12 04:28 30 I 03:45 07:19 31 III 00:59 04:09 06:08 09:27 31/1 I 22:14 01:48 31 II 15:20 18:00 17:52 20:35

April April

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 2 II 09:31 14:54 1 I 19:24 21:39 20:41 22:56 2 I 16:43 20:16 3 I 13:53 16:08 15:10 17:25 3 III 14:53 18:07 20:06 23:27 4 II 04:38 07:18 07:10 09:53 BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Jupiter 65 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

April cont'd April cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 4 I 11:12 14:45 5 I 08:22 10:37 09:39 11:54 5/6 IV 10:23 14:01 22:30 02:35 7 I 02:51 05:06 04:07 06:23 5/6 II 22:50 04:13 7 III 05:00 08:11 10:09 13:28 6 I 05:41 09:14 7 II 17:57 20:36 20:28 23:10 8 I 00:10 03:43 8/9 I 21:20 23:35 22:36 00:52 9 II 12:09 17:32 10 I 15:49 18:04 17:05 19:21 9 I 18:39 22:12 11 II 07:15 09:55 09:46 12:28 10/11 III 18:56 22:10 00:06 03:28 12 I 10:18 12:33 11:34 13:50 11 I 13:08 16:40 13/14 IV 21:28 01:06 09:17 13:20 13 II 01:29 06:51 14 I 04:47 07:02 06:03 08:19 13 I 07:37 11:09 14 III 09:04 12:16 14:08 17:28 15 I 02:06 05:38 14/15 II 20:35 23:15 23:03 01:46 16 II 14:50 20:10 15/16 I 23:17 01:32 00:32 02:48 16/17 I 20:35 00:07 17 I 17:46 20:01 19:01 21:17 17/18 III 23:03 02:18 04:06 07:29 18 II 09:54 12:34 12:21 15:04 18 I 15:04 18:35 19 I 12:15 14:31 13:30 15:45 20 II 04:10 09:29 21 I 06:45 09:00 07:58 10:14 20 I 09:34 13:04 21 III 13:12 16:25 18:08 21:28 22 I 04:03 07:33 21/22 II 23:14 01:54 01:39 04:22 22 IV 05:00 08:45 16:33 20:45 23 I 01:14 03:29 02:27 04:43 23 II 17:32 22:48 24 I 19:44 21:59 20:56 23:12 23/24 I 22:32 02:02 25 II 12:34 15:15 14:56 17:39 25 III 03:12 06:29 08:06 11:30 26 I 14:13 16:29 15:25 17:41 25 I 17:02 20:30 28 I 08:43 10:58 09:54 12:10 27 II 06:53 12:07 28/29 III 17:23 20:37 22:08 01:29 27 I 11:31 14:59 29 II 01:55 04:36 04:14 06:57 29 I 06:01 09:28 30 I 03:12 05:28 04:23 06:39 30/1 II 20:16 01:27 30/:1 IV 16:25 20:11 03:20 07:29

May May

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 1 I 00:30 03:56 1/2 I 21:42 23:58 22:52 01:08 2 III 07:25 10:43 12:06 15:30 2 II 15:16 17:57 17:31 20:15 2 I 19:00 22:25 3 I 16:12 18:28 17:20 19:37 4 II 09:38 14:45 5 I 10:42 12:57 11:49 14:06 4 I 13:29 16:54 5/6 III 21:37 00:52 02:08 05:30 6 I 07:59 11:23 6 II 04:37 07:18 06:49 09:33 7/8 II 23:01 04:05 7 I 05:11 07:27 06:18 08:35 8 I 02:29 05:51 8/9 I 23:41 01:57 00:47 03:04 66 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

May cont'd May cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 9 IV 00:17 04:10 10:37 14:54 9 II 17:58 20:40 20:06 22:50 9 III 11:40 14:58 16:05 19:30 10 I 18:11 20:27 19:16 21:32 9/10 I 20:58 00:20 12 I 12:41 14:57 13:45 16:01 11 II 12:24 17:24 13 III 01:54 05:11 06:08 09:31 11 I 15:28 18:49 13 II 07:20 10:02 09:24 12:08 13 I 09:58 13:17 14 I 07:11 09:27 08:14 10:30 15 II 01:48 06:43 16 I 01:41 03:57 02:42 04:59 15 I 04:28 07:46 16/17 II 20:42 23:24 22:41 01:26 16 III 15:57 19:17 20:04 23:30 17/18 IV 11:58 15:53 21:22 01:37 16/17 I 22:58 02:15 17 I 20:11 22:27 21:11 23:28 18 II 15:11 20:02 19 I 14:41 16:57 15:40 17:57 18 I 17:28 20:43 20 III 06:13 09:31 10:08 13:32 20 I 11:57 15:12 20 II 10:04 12:46 11:59 14:43 22 II 04:36 09:21 21 I 09:11 11:27 10:09 12:26 22 I 06:27 09:41 23 I 03:41 05:57 04:38 06:55 23/24 III 20:17 23:37 00:04 03:30 23/24 II 23:26 02:09 01:16 04:01 24 I 00:57 04:09 24/25 I 22:11 00:28 23:07 01:23 25 II 18:00 22:40 26 I 16:41 18:58 17:35 19:52 25 I 19:27 22:38 27 III 10:34 13:53 14:08 17:33 25/26 IV 20:06 00:08 04:40 09:02 27 II 12:49 15:32 14:34 17:18 27 I 13:57 17:07 28 I 11:11 13:28 12:04 14:21 29 II 07:24 11:59 30 I 05:42 07:58 06:33 08:50 29 I 08:27 11:35 31 II 02:12 04:55 03:51 06:36 31 III 00:38 04:00 04:03 07:30 31 I 02:57 06:04

June June

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 1/2 II 20:49 01:18 1 I 00:12 02:28 01:02 03:19 1/2 I 21:27 00:33 2 I 18:42 20:59 19:31 21:48 3 I 15:57 19:01 3 IV 07:57 12:01 15:24 19:44 5 II 10:14 14:38 3 III 14:56 18:16 18:08 21:33 5 I 10:27 13:30 3 II 15:35 18:18 17:08 19:53 7 I 04:58 07:59 4 I 13:12 15:29 13:59 16:17 7 III 05:02 11:31 6 I 07:43 09:59 08:28 10:45 8/9 I 23:28 02:27 7 II 04:58 07:41 06:25 09:11 8/9 II 23:38 03:56 8 I 02:13 04:30 02:57 05:14 10 I 17:58 20:56 9 I 20:43 23:00 21:26 23:43 11/12 IV 16:17 20:29 22:43 03:09 10 II 18:21 21:05 19:43 22:28 BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Jupiter 67 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

June cont'd June cont'd

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE 12 I 12:28 15:25 10/11 III 19:19 22:41 22:07 01:33 12 II 13:04 17:15 11 I 15:13 17:30 15:55 18:12 14 I 06:58 09:53 13 I 09:44 12:01 10:23 12:41 14 III 09:27 15:31 14 II 07:44 10:28 09:00 11:46 16 I 01:28 04:22 15 I 04:14 06:31 04:52 07:10 16 II 02:29 06:34 16/17 I 22:44 01:02 23:21 01:38 17 I 19:58 22:50 17/18 II 21:08 23:52 22:17 01:03 19 I 14:29 17:19 17/18 III 23:44 03:07 02:06 05:33 19 II 15:55 19:53 18 I 17:15 19:32 17:50 20:07 21 I 08:59 11:48 20 IV 04:15 08:28 09:26 13:51 21 III 13:52 19:31 20 I 11:45 14:02 12:19 14:36 23 I 03:29 06:16 21 II 10:31 13:16 11:35 14:21 23 II 05:20 09:12 22 I 06:15 08:33 06:47 09:05 24/25 I 21:59 00:45 24 I 00:46 03:03 01:16 03:34 26 I 16:30 19:13 24/25 II 23:55 02:40 00:52 03:38 26 II 18:46 22:31 25 III 04:10 07:35 06:06 09:34 25 I 19:16 21:34 19:45 22:02

Jupiter in conjunction with the Sun: 2014 July 24d 21h

August August

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 22 I 08:09 10:55 20/21 II 21:28 00:17 22:20 01:10 22 II 16:34 20:22 21 I 11:01 13:19 11:28 13:46 24 I 02:37 05:25 21 III 13:58 17:30 15:48 19:21 25 III 03:50 09:30 23 I 05:30 07:47 05:58 08:16 25 I 21:06 23:55 24 II 10:45 13:34 11:44 14:34 26 II 05:51 09:46 24/25 I 23:58 02:16 00:28 02:46 27 I 15:34 18:25 26 IV 09:28 14:06 14:26 19:08 29 I 10:03 12:55 26 I 18:27 20:44 18:59 21:16 29 II 19:09 23:11 28 II 00:02 02:52 01:08 03:58 31 I 04:31 07:25 28 I 12:55 15:13 13:29 15:46 28 III 17:57 21:29 20:13 23:47 30 I 07:24 09:41 07:59 10:16 31 II 13:20 16:09 14:32 17:22

68 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

September September

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 1 III 07:49 13:56 1 I 01:52 04:10 02:29 04:46 1/2 I 23:00 01:55 2 I 20:21 22:38 20:59 23:16 2 II 08:27 12:35 4 II 02:37 05:27 03:56 06:46 3/4 IV 16:51 21:35 23:07 03:55 4 I 14:49 17:07 15:29 17:46 3 I 17:28 20:25 4/5 III 21:56 01:28 00:37 04:12 5 I 11:56 14:55 6 I 09:18 11:35 09:59 12:16 5/6 II 21:45 01:59 7 II 15:54 18:44 17:19 20:10 7 I 06:25 09:25 8 I 03:46 06:03 04:29 06:46 8 III 11:47 18:20 9/10 I 22:15 00:32 22:59 01:16 9 I 00:53 03:55 11 II 05:12 08:02 06:43 09:34 9 II 11:02 15:22 11 I 16:43 19:00 17:29 19:46 10 I 19:22 22:25 12 III 01:54 05:26 04:59 08:34 12 I 13:50 16:55 12 IV 03:27 08:08 10:43 15:29 13 II 00:20 04:46 13 I 11:12 13:29 11:59 14:16 14 I 08:18 11:25 14 II 18:29 21:19 20:06 22:57 15 III 15:46 22:44 15 I 05:40 07:57 06:28 08:46 16 I 02:47 05:55 17 I 00:09 02:26 00:58 03:16 16 II 13:37 18:09 18 II 07:47 10:37 09:29 12:20 17/18 I 21:15 00:25 18 I 18:37 20:54 19:28 21:45 19 I 15:44 18:54 19 III 05:51 09:24 09:20 12:56 20 II 02:54 07:32 20 I 13:05 15:22 13:58 16:15 20/21 IV 10:51 15:37 19:19 00:11 21/22 II 21:04 23:54 22:52 01:43 21 I 10:12 13:24 22 I 07:34 09:51 08:28 10:45 22/23 III 19:44 23:20 23:27 03:05 24 I 02:02 04:19 02:57 05:14 23 I 04:41 07:54 25 II 10:22 13:12 12:15 15:06 23 II 16:12 20:55 25 I 20:31 22:48 21:27 23:44 24/25 I 23:09 02:24 26 III 09:50 13:23 13:40 17:15 26 I 17:37 20:53 27 I 14:59 17:16 15:57 18:14 27 II 05:29 10:17 28/29 IV 21:27 02:09 06:40 11:28 28 I 12:06 15:23 28/29 II 23:39 02:29 01:37 04:29 29/30 III 23:43 03:18 03:45 07:24 29 I 09:28 11:44 10:26 12:43 30 I 06:34 09:53 30 II 18:46 23:39

BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Jupiter 69 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

October October

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 2 I 01:02 04:22 1 I 03:56 06:13 04:56 07:13 3 I 19:31 22:52 2 II 12:57 15:47 14:59 17:51 4 II 08:03 13:00 2/:3 I 22:24 00:41 23:25 01:42 5 I 13:59 17:21 3 III 13:48 17:21 17:57 21:33 7 III 03:40 07:16 08:01 11:40 4 I 16:53 19:09 17:55 20:11 7 IV 04:51 09:39 15:07 20:01 6 II 02:14 05:05 04:21 07:13 7 I 08:28 11:51 6 I 11:21 13:38 12:24 14:41 7/8 II 21:20 02:22 8 I 05:50 08:06 06:53 09:10 9 I 02:56 06:20 9 II 15:32 18:23 17:43 20:36 10/11 I 21:24 00:50 10 I 00:18 02:34 01:23 03:39 11 II 10:37 15:42 10/11 III 17:47 21:20 22:12 01:49 12 I 15:53 19:19 11 I 18:46 21:03 19:52 22:09 14 III 07:38 11:15 12:15 15:54 13 II 04:49 07:40 07:04 09:57 14 I 10:21 13:48 13 I 13:15 15:31 14:21 16:38 14/15 II 23:54 05:03 15 I 07:43 09:59 08:50 11:07 16 I 04:50 08:17 15/16 IV 15:26 20:09 02:09 06:57 17/18 I 23:18 02:47 16 II 18:07 20:58 20:26 23:18 18 II 13:11 18:23 17 I 02:11 04:28 03:19 05:36 19 I 17:46 21:16 17/18 III 21:45 01:19 02:24 06:01 21 III 11:36 15:13 16:26 20:06 18/19 I 20:40 22:56 21:49 00:05 21 I 12:15 15:45 20 II 07:25 10:15 09:46 12:39 22 II 02:28 07:43 20 I 15:08 17:24 16:18 18:34 23 I 06:43 10:14 22 I 09:36 11:53 10:47 13:03 23/24 IV 22:51 03:41 10:22 15:17 23/24 II 20:43 23:33 23:07 02:00 25 I 01:12 04:43 24 I 04:05 06:21 05:16 07:32 25 II 15:45 21:02 25 III 01:43 05:17 06:33 10:10 26 I 19:40 23:12 25/26 I 22:33 00:49 23:44 02:01 28 I 14:08 17:41 27 II 10:00 12:51 12:27 15:20 28/29 III 15:34 19:12 20:34 00:14 27 I 17:01 19:18 18:13 20:30 29 II 05:02 10:21 29 I 11:30 13:46 12:42 14:58 30 I 05:02 10.21 30/31 II 23:18 02:09 01:47 04:40 31 I 05:58 08:14 07:11 09:27

70 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

November November

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 1 I 03:05 06:39 1 III 05:40 09:14 10:38 14:15 1 II 18:19 23:39 1/2 IV 09:24 14:08 21:02 01:49 2/3 I 21:33 01:07 2 I 00:26 02:42 01:39 03:56 4 I 16:02 19:36 3 II 12:35 15:26 15:06 17:59 4/5 III 19:33 23:11 00:39 04:19 3 I 18:54 21:11 20:08 22:24 5 II 07:36 12:57 5 I 13:23 15:39 14:37 16:53 6 I 10:30 14:05 7 II 01:53 04:45 04:25 07:18 8 I 04:59 08:33 7 I 07:51 10:07 09:05 11:21 8/9 II 20:52 02:14 8 III 09:37 13:12 14:40 18:16 9/10 IV 16:50 21:41 04:56 09:49 9 I 02:19 04:35 03:33 05:50 9/10 I 23:27 03:02 10 II 15:11 18:02 17:43 20:36 11 I 17:55 21:30 10/11 I 20:48 23:04 22:02 00:18 11/12 III 23:31 03:09 04:40 08:20 12 I 15:16 17:32 16:30 18:46 12 II 10:09 15:31 14 II 04:29 07:20 07:01 09:54 13 I 12:24 15:59 14 I 09:44 12:00 10:58 13:15 15 I 06:52 10:27 15 III 13:35 17:10 18:38 22:15 15/16 II 23:26 04:48 16 I 04:12 06:29 05:27 07:43 17 I 01:20 04:55 17 II 17:46 20:38 20:18 23:11 18 I 19:49 23:24 17/18 I 22:41 00:57 23:55 02:11 19 III 03:29 07:07 08:36 12:16 18 IV 03:22 08:07 15:09 19:54 19 II 12:42 18:03 19 I 17:09 19:25 18:23 20:39 20 I 14:17 17:52 21 II 07:04 09:56 09:36 12:29 22 I 08:46 12:20 21 I 11:37 13:53 12:51 15:07 23 II 01:59 07:19 22/23 III 17:33 21:08 22:33 02:09 24 I 03:14 06:48 23 I 06:05 08:22 07:19 09:35 25/26 I 21:42 01:16 24/25 II 20:22 23:14 22:52 01:45 26 III 07:27 11:05 12:28 16:08 25 I 00:34 02:50 01:46 04:03 26/27 IV 10:50 15:42 22:38 03:29 26 I 19:02 21:18 20:14 22:30 26 II 15:15 20:33 28 II 09:40 12:32 12:08 15:01 27 I 16:11 19:44 28 I 13:30 15:46 14:42 16:58 29 I 10:39 14:12 29/30 III 21:31 01:06 02:23 05:59 30 II 04:32 09:48 30 I 07:58 10:15 09:10 11:26

BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Jupiter 71 ECLIPSES, OCCULTATIONS AND TRANSITS

December December

Occultations and Eclipses Transits and Shadow Transits Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE 1 I 05:08 08:39 1/2 II 22:57 01:50 01:23 04:16 2/3 I 23:36 03:07 2 I 02:27 04:43 03:37 05:53 3 III 11:25 15:03 16:15 19:55 3/4 I 20:55 23:11 22:05 00:21 3 II 17:48 23:01 4/5 IV 21:20 02:06 08:21 13:05 4 I 18:04 21:35 5 II 12:15 15:08 14:38 17:31 6 I 12:33 16:02 5 I 15:23 17:39 16:32 18:48 7 II 07:05 12:14 7 III 01:29 05:04 06:08 09:44 8 I 07:01 10:30 7 I 09:51 12:08 10:59 13:16 10 I 01:30 04:57 9 II 01:33 04:25 03:51 06:45 10 III 15:23 19:02 19:58 23:38 9 I 04:20 06:36 05:27 07:43 10/11 II 20:21 01:27 10/11 I 22:48 01:04 23:54 02:10 11 I 19:58 23:24 12 II 14:51 17:44 17:05 19:59 13 IV 04:49 09:42 15:21 20:11 12 I 17:16 19:32 18:21 20:37 13 I 14:27 17:52 14 III 05:26 09:02 09:48 13:24 14 II 09:38 14:39 14 I 11:44 14:01 12:48 15:04 15 I 08:55 12:19 16 II 04:09 07:02 06:18 09:12 17 I 03:23 06:46 16 I 06:12 08:29 07:15 09:32 17/18 III 19:21 23:00 23:36 03:16 18 I 00:41 02:57 01:42 03:59 17/18 II 22:54 03:50 19 II 17:27 20:20 19:31 22:25 18/19 I 21:52 01:13 19 I 19:09 21:26 20:09 22:25 20 I 16:20 19:40 21 III 09:23 12:59 13:23 16:59 21 II 12:11 17:01 21 I 13:37 15:54 14:36 16:52 22 I 10:49 14:07 21/22 IV 15:17 20:04 00:34 05:17 24 I 05:17 08:34 23 II 06:44 09:38 08:42 11:36 24/25 III 23:20 02:59 03:11 06:50 23 I 08:05 10:22 09:03 11:19 25 II 01:28 06:11 25 I 02:34 04:50 03:29 05:46 25/26 I 23:46 03:01 26/27 II 20:03 22:56 21:54 00:48 27 I 18:14 21:27 26/27 I 21:02 23:19 21:56 00:12 28 II 14:44 19:21 28 III 13:20 16:57 16:53 20:30 29 I 12:43 15:54 28 I 15:30 17:47 16:22 18:39 29/30 IV 22:49 03:42 07:04 11:52 30 II 09:20 12:14 11:04 13:58 31 I 07:11 10:21 30 I 09:59 12:15 10:49 13:06 32 III 03:18 10:19 32 I 04:27 06:44 05:15 07:32 32 II 04:01 08:30

72 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2014 SATURN Opposition: May 10 Conjunction: November 18 Rings Equat. Polar Major Minor

RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Diam. Axis Axis DE Δ h m ° ' " " " " ° au Jan. 3 15 14.8 -15 47 +0.6 15.9 14.6 36.1 13.6 +22.2 10.456 Jan. 13 15 18.1 -15 59 +0.6 16.1 14.8 36.6 13.9 +22.4 10.317 Jan. 23 15 21.0 -16 08 +0.6 16.4 15.0 37.1 14.2 +22.5 10.165 Feb. 2 15 23.3 -16 14 +0.5 16.6 15.2 37.7 14.5 +22.6 10.003 Feb. 12 15 24.9 -16 18 +0.5 16.9 15.5 38.3 14.8 +22.7 9.837

Feb. 22 15 25.9 -16 20 +0.5 17.2 15.8 39.0 15.0 +22.7 9.672 Mar. 4 15 26.2 -16 19 +0.4 17.5 16.0 39.7 15.3 +22.7 9.511 Mar. 14 15 25.8 -16 15 +0.4 17.8 16.3 40.3 15.5 +22.6 9.360 Mar. 24 15 24.7 -16 10 +0.3 18.0 16.5 40.9 15.7 +22.5 9.225 Apr. 3 15 23.1 -16 02 +0.2 18.2 16.7 41.4 15.8 +22.4 9.108

Apr. 13 15 20.9 -15 52 +0.2 18.4 16.9 41.8 15.8 +22.2 9.014 Apr. 23 15 18.3 -15 42 +0.1 18.6 17.0 42.2 15.8 +22.1 8.947 May 3 15 15.4 -15 30 +0.1 18.7 17.1 42.3 15.8 +21.9 8.909 May 13 15 12.4 -15 18 +0.1 18.7 17.1 42.4 15.7 +21.7 8.900 May 23 15 09.4 -15 07 +0.1 18.6 17.1 42.3 15.5 +21.5 8.922

Jun. 2 15 06.6 -14 57 +0.2 18.5 17.0 42.0 15.3 +21.4 8.973 Jun. 12 15 04.2 -14 49 +0.2 18.4 16.8 41.7 15.1 +21.2 9.051 Jun. 22 15 02.1 -14 42 +0.3 18.2 16.6 41.2 14.9 +21.1 9.153 Jul. 2 15 00.6 -14 38 +0.4 17.9 16.4 40.7 14.6 +21.1 9.277 Jul. 12 14 59.7 -14 37 +0.4 17.6 16.2 40.1 14.4 +21.1 9.417

Jul. 22 14 59.4 -14 38 +0.5 17.4 15.9 39.4 14.2 +21.1 9.571 Aug. 1 14 59.7 -14 42 +0.5 17.1 15.6 38.8 14.0 +21.2 9.733 Aug. 11 15 00.7 -14 49 +0.6 16.8 15.4 38.1 13.8 +21.3 9.898 Aug. 21 15 02.3 -14 59 +0.6 16.5 15.1 37.5 13.7 +21.4 10.063 Aug. 31 15 04.5 -15 10 +0.6 16.3 14.9 36.9 13.6 +21.6 10.223

Sep. 10 15 07.2 -15 24 +0.6 16.0 14.7 36.4 13.5 +21.8 10.375 Sep. 20 15 10.5 -15 39 +0.6 15.8 14.5 35.9 13.5 +22.1 10.514 Sep. 30 15 14.1 -15 55 +0.6 15.6 14.3 35.5 13.5 +22.3 10.637 Oct. 10 15 18.1 -16 13 +0.6 15.5 14.2 35.1 13.5 +22.6 10.742 Oct. 20 15 22.5 -16 30 +0.6 15.4 14.1 34.8 13.5 +22.9 10.826

Oct. 30 15 27.1 -16 48 +0.5 15.3 14.0 34.6 13.6 +23.1 10.887 Nov. 9 15 31.8 -17 06 +0.5 15.2 14.0 34.5 13.7 +23.4 10.923 Nov. 19 15 36.6 -17 23 +0.5 15.2 14.0 34.5 13.8 +23.7 10.934 Nov. 29 15 41.5 -17 40 +0.5 15.2 14.0 34.5 14.0 +23.9 10.919 Dec. 9 15 46.3 -17 56 +0.5 15.3 14.0 34.7 14.2 +24.1 10.879

Dec. 19 15 50.9 -18 10 +0.5 15.4 14.1 34.9 14.4 +24.3 10.814 Dec. 29 15 55.3 -18 23 +0.5 15.5 14.3 35.2 14.6 +24.5 10.725

Description of the headings in the table can be found on page 108. BAA Handbook 2014 Saturn 73 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF SATURN

SYSTEM I Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 106.7 359.9 241.7 137.8 269.8 165.2 294.4 185.7 75.2 199.6 88.2 213.3 2 230.9 124.2 6.1 262.2 34.2 289.6 58.7 309.9 199.3 323.8 212.4 337.5 3 355.2 248.5 130.5 26.6 158.6 53.9 182.9 74.1 323.5 87.9 336.5 101.7 4 119.5 12.9 254.8 151.0 283.0 178.2 307.2 198.3 87.7 212.1 100.7 225.9 5 243.8 137.2 19.2 275.4 47.4 302.6 71.5 322.5 211.8 336.2 224.8 350.1

6 8.0 261.5 143.6 39.8 171.8 66.9 195.7 86.7 336.0 100.4 349.0 114.3 7 132.3 25.9 268.0 164.2 296.2 191.2 320.0 210.8 100.1 224.5 113.2 238.5 8 256.6 150.2 32.4 288.6 60.5 315.6 84.2 335.0 224.3 348.7 237.3 2.7 9 20.9 274.6 156.8 53.1 184.9 79.9 208.5 99.2 348.4 112.8 1.5 126.9 10 145.2 38.9 281.1 177.5 309.3 204.2 332.7 223.4 112.6 236.9 125.7 251.1

11 269.4 163.2 45.5 301.9 73.7 328.5 97.0 347.6 236.7 1.1 249.8 15.3 12 33.7 287.6 169.9 66.3 198.1 92.8 221.2 111.8 0.9 125.2 14.0 139.5 13 158.0 51.9 294.3 190.7 322.4 217.2 345.5 236.0 125.0 249.4 138.1 263.7 14 282.3 176.3 58.7 315.1 86.8 341.5 109.7 0.1 249.2 13.5 262.3 27.9 15 46.6 300.6 183.1 79.5 211.2 105.8 233.9 124.3 13.3 137.7 26.5 152.2

16 170.9 65.0 307.5 203.9 335.5 230.1 358.2 248.5 137.5 261.8 150.7 276.4 17 295.2 189.3 71.9 328.3 99.9 354.4 122.4 12.7 261.6 26.0 274.8 40.6 18 59.5 313.7 196.3 92.7 224.3 118.7 246.6 136.9 25.8 150.1 39.0 164.8 19 183.8 78.1 320.6 217.1 348.7 243.0 10.9 261.0 149.9 274.3 163.2 289.0 20 308.1 202.4 85.0 341.5 113.0 7.3 135.1 25.2 274.1 38.4 287.3 53.2 21 72.4 326.8 209.4 105.9 237.4 131.6 259.3 149.4 38.2 162.5 51.5 177.5 22 196.7 91.1 333.8 230.3 1.7 255.9 23.5 273.5 162.4 286.7 175.7 301.7 23 321.0 215.5 98.2 354.7 126.1 20.2 147.8 37.7 286.5 50.8 299.9 65.9 24 85.3 339.9 222.6 119.1 250.5 144.4 272.0 161.9 50.6 175.0 64.1 190.1 25 209.6 104.2 347.0 243.5 14.8 268.7 36.2 286.1 174.8 299.1 188.2 314.4

26 334.0 228.6 111.4 7.9 139.2 33.0 160.4 50.2 298.9 63.3 312.4 78.6 27 98.3 353.0 235.8 132.3 263.5 157.3 284.6 174.4 63.1 187.4 76.6 202.8 28 222.6 117.3 0.2 256.6 27.9 281.6 48.8 298.5 187.2 311.6 200.8 327.0 29 346.9 124.6 21.0 152.2 45.8 173.0 62.7 311.4 75.8 325.0 91.3 30 111.2 249.0 145.4 276.6 170.1 297.3 186.9 75.5 199.9 89.2 215.5

31 235.6 13.4 40.9 61.5 311.0 324.1 339.8

CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME

h º h º m º m º m º 1 35.18 7 246.25 10 5.86 1 0.59 6 3.52 2 70.36 8 281.43 20 11.73 2 1.17 7 4.10 3 105.54 9 316.61 30 17.59 3 1.76 8 4.69 4 140.72 10 351.79 40 23.45 4 2.35 9 5.28 5 175.90 11 386.97 50 29.32 5 2.93 10 5.86 6 211.07 12 422.15 60 35.18

System I applies to all objects situated on or between the south component of the North Equatorial Belt and the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. 74 Saturn BAA Handbook 2014 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF SATURN

SYSTEM II Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 60.9 32.7 90.1 64.8 307.8 281.9 162.1 132.2 100.5 336.0 303.3 179.5 2 152.9 124.7 182.1 156.9 39.9 13.9 254.1 224.1 192.3 67.9 35.2 271.3 3 244.8 216.8 274.2 249.0 131.9 106.0 346.0 316.0 284.2 159.7 127.0 3.2 4 336.8 308.8 6.3 341.1 224.0 198.0 78.0 47.9 16.0 251.5 218.9 95.1 5 68.8 40.8 98.4 73.2 316.1 290.0 170.0 139.8 107.9 343.4 310.8 187.0

6 160.7 132.9 190.4 165.3 48.2 22.1 261.9 231.7 199.8 75.2 42.6 278.9 7 252.7 224.9 282.5 257.4 140.3 114.1 353.9 323.6 291.6 167.1 134.5 10.8 8 344.7 316.9 14.6 349.5 232.4 206.1 85.8 55.4 23.5 258.9 226.3 102.7 9 76.7 49.0 106.7 81.6 324.4 298.1 177.8 147.3 115.3 350.8 318.2 194.6 10 168.7 141.0 198.8 173.7 56.5 30.2 269.7 239.2 207.2 82.6 50.1 286.5

11 260.6 233.0 290.8 265.8 148.6 122.2 1.7 331.1 299.0 174.5 141.9 18.4 12 352.6 325.1 22.9 357.9 240.7 214.2 93.6 63.0 30.9 266.3 233.8 110.3 13 84.6 57.1 115.0 90.0 332.8 306.2 185.6 154.9 122.7 358.2 325.7 202.2 14 176.6 149.2 207.1 182.1 64.8 38.2 277.5 246.8 214.6 90.0 57.5 294.1 15 268.6 241.2 299.2 274.2 156.9 130.2 9.5 338.7 306.4 181.9 149.4 26.0

16 0.6 333.3 31.3 6.3 249.0 222.2 101.4 70.5 38.3 273.7 241.3 118.0 17 92.6 65.3 123.4 98.4 341.1 314.3 193.3 162.4 130.1 5.5 333.1 209.9 18 184.6 157.4 215.5 190.5 73.1 46.3 285.3 254.3 222.0 97.4 65.0 301.8 19 276.6 249.4 307.6 282.6 165.2 138.3 17.2 346.2 313.8 189.2 156.9 33.7 20 8.6 341.5 39.6 14.7 257.3 230.3 109.1 78.1 45.7 281.1 248.8 125.6

21 100.6 73.6 131.7 106.8 349.3 322.3 201.1 169.9 137.5 12.9 340.6 217.5 22 192.6 165.6 223.8 198.9 81.4 54.2 293.0 261.8 229.4 104.8 72.5 309.5 23 284.6 257.7 315.9 291.0 173.4 146.2 24.9 353.7 321.2 196.6 164.4 41.4 24 16.6 349.7 48.0 23.1 265.5 238.2 116.8 85.5 53.1 288.5 256.3 133.3 25 108.6 81.8 140.1 115.2 357.5 330.2 208.8 177.4 144.9 20.3 348.1 225.2

26 200.6 173.9 232.2 207.3 89.6 62.2 300.7 269.3 236.8 112.2 80.0 317.2 27 292.6 265.9 324.3 299.4 181.7 154.2 32.6 1.1 328.6 204.0 171.9 49.1 28 24.6 358.0 56.4 31.5 273.7 246.2 124.5 93.0 60.5 295.9 263.8 141.0 29 116.7 148.5 123.6 5.8 338.1 216.4 184.9 152.3 27.8 355.7 233.0 30 208.7 240.6 215.7 97.8 70.1 308.3 276.7 244.2 119.6 87.6 324.9

31 300.7 332.7 189.8 40.2 8.6 211.5 56.8 CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME h º h º m º m º m º 1 33.83 7 236.83 10 5.64 1 0.56 6 3.38 2 67.67 8 270.67 20 11.28 2 1.13 7 3.95 3 101.50 9 304.50 30 16.92 3 1.69 8 4.51 4 135.33 10 338.33 40 22.56 4 2.26 9 5.08 5 169.17 11 372.17 50 28.19 5 2.82 10 5.64 6 203.00 12 406.00 60 33.83 System II applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. However System III is used more often for these regions. BAA Handbook 2014 Saturn 75 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN OF SATURN

SYSTEM III Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 307.0 241.4 265.0 202.4 49.1 345.9 189.9 122.6 53.5 252.8 182.8 22.7 2 37.8 332.3 355.9 293.2 140.0 76.7 280.7 213.3 144.1 343.5 273.4 113.4 3 128.5 63.1 86.7 24.1 230.9 167.5 11.4 304.0 234.8 74.1 4.1 204.1 4 219.3 153.9 177.6 115.0 321.8 258.4 102.2 34.7 325.5 164.8 94.7 294.8 5 310.1 244.7 268.5 205.9 52.7 349.2 192.9 125.3 56.1 255.4 185.4 25.5

6 40.8 335.5 359.4 296.8 143.5 80.0 283.7 216.0 146.8 346.0 276.0 116.2 7 131.6 66.4 90.2 27.7 234.4 170.8 14.4 306.7 237.4 76.7 6.7 206.9 8 222.4 157.2 181.1 118.6 325.3 261.6 105.2 37.4 328.1 167.3 97.3 297.5 9 313.1 248.0 272.0 209.5 56.2 352.5 195.9 128.1 58.7 258.0 188.0 28.2 10 43.9 338.9 2.8 300.4 147.0 83.3 286.7 218.8 149.4 348.6 278.7 118.9

11 134.7 69.7 93.7 31.3 237.9 174.1 17.4 309.5 240.0 79.2 9.3 209.6 12 225.5 160.5 184.6 122.2 328.8 264.9 108.2 40.1 330.6 169.9 100.0 300.3 13 316.2 251.4 275.5 213.1 59.7 355.7 198.9 130.8 61.3 260.5 190.6 31.0 14 47.0 342.2 6.4 304.0 150.5 86.5 289.6 221.5 151.9 351.2 281.3 121.7 15 137.8 73.1 97.2 34.9 241.4 177.3 20.4 312.2 242.6 81.8 12.0 212.4

16 228.6 163.9 188.1 125.8 332.3 268.1 111.1 42.9 333.2 172.4 102.6 303.1 17 319.4 254.7 279.0 216.7 63.1 358.9 201.8 133.5 63.9 263.1 193.3 33.8 18 50.2 345.6 9.9 307.6 154.0 89.7 292.6 224.2 154.5 353.7 284.0 124.6 19 141.0 76.4 100.8 38.5 244.8 180.5 23.3 314.9 245.2 84.4 14.6 215.3 20 231.8 167.3 191.7 129.3 335.7 271.3 114.0 45.5 335.8 175.0 105.3 306.0

21 322.6 258.1 282.6 220.2 66.6 2.1 204.7 136.2 66.4 265.7 196.0 36.7 22 53.4 349.0 13.4 311.1 157.4 92.9 295.5 226.9 157.1 356.3 286.6 127.4 23 144.2 79.9 104.3 42.0 248.3 183.7 26.2 317.5 247.7 87.0 17.3 218.1 24 235.0 170.7 195.2 132.9 339.1 274.5 116.9 48.2 338.4 177.6 108.0 308.8 25 325.8 261.6 286.1 223.8 70.0 5.2 207.6 138.9 69.0 268.2 198.7 39.6

26 56.6 352.4 17.0 314.7 160.8 96.0 298.3 229.5 159.6 358.9 289.3 130.3 27 147.4 83.3 107.9 45.6 251.7 186.8 29.0 320.2 250.3 89.5 20.0 221.0 28 238.2 174.1 198.8 136.5 342.5 277.6 119.7 50.9 340.9 180.2 110.7 311.7 29 329.0 289.7 227.4 73.3 8.3 210.5 141.5 71.6 270.8 201.4 42.5 30 59.8 20.6 318.2 164.2 99.1 301.2 232.2 162.2 1.5 292.0 133.2

31 150.6 111.5 255.0 31.9 322.8 92.1 223.9 CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME h º h º m º m º m º 1 33.78 7 236.48 10 5.63 1 0.56 6 3.38 2 67.57 8 270.26 20 11.26 2 1.13 7 3.94 3 101.35 9 304.05 30 16.89 3 1.69 8 4.50 4 135.13 10 337.83 40 22.52 4 2.25 9 5.07 5 168.92 11 371.61 50 28.15 5 2.82 10 5.63 6 202.70 12 405.40 60 33.78 System III also applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. This longitude system is based upon the rotation period of the planet’s magnetic field as defined by the International Astronomical Union. 76 Saturn BAA Handbook 2014 SATELLITES OF SATURN

MIMAS, ENCELADUS AND TETHYS Mimas Enceladus Tethys Each fourth eastern elongation Each third eastern elongation Each second eastern elongation d h d h d h d h d h d h Jan. 1 06.6 Jul. 1 05.0 Jan. 1 05.6 Jul. 1 02.0 Jan. 1 14.7 Jul. 1 19.5 5 01.1 4 23.5 5 08.3 5 04.7 5 09.3 5 14.2 8 19.6 8 17.9 9 11.0 9 07.3 9 04.0 9 08.8 12 14.1 12 12.4 13 13.7 13 10.0 12 22.6 13 03.4 16 08.6 16 06.9 17 16.3 17 12.6 16 17.3 16 22.0 20 03.0 20 01.4 21 19.0 21 15.3 20 11.9 20 16.6 23 21.5 23 19.9 25 21.7 25 18.0 24 06.5 24 11.2 27 16.0 27 14.3 30 00.4 29 20.6 28 01.2 28 05.9 31 10.5 31 08.8 Feb. 3 03.0 Aug. 2 23.3 31 19.8 Aug. 1 00.5 Feb. 4 05.0 Aug. 4 03.3 7 05.7 7 02.0 Feb. 4 14.4 4 19.1 7 23.5 7 21.8 11 08.4 11 04.7 8 09.1 8 13.8 11 17.9 11 16.3 15 11.0 15 07.4 12 03.7 12 08.4 15 12.4 15 10.8 19 13.7 19 10.0 15 22.3 16 03.0 19 06.9 19 05.3 23 16.3 23 12.7 19 16.9 19 21.7 23 01.4 22 23.8 27 19.0 27 15.4 23 11.5 23 16.3 26 19.8 26 18.2 Mar. 3 21.6 31 18.1 27 06.2 27 11.0 Mar. 2 14.3 30 12.7 8 00.3 Sep. 4 20.8 Mar. 3 00.8 31 05.6 6 08.8 Sep. 3 07.2 12 02.9 8 23.5 6 19.4 Sep. 4 00.3 10 03.2 7 01.7 16 05.5 13 02.2 10 14.0 7 18.9 13 21.7 10 20.2 20 08.2 17 04.9 14 08.6 11 13.6 17 16.2 14 14.7 24 10.8 21 07.6 18 03.2 15 08.3 21 10.6 18 09.2 28 13.5 25 10.3 21 21.8 19 02.9 25 05.1 22 03.7 Apr. 1 16.1 29 13.0 25 16.3 22 21.6 28 23.5 25 22.2 5 18.7 Oct. 3 15.7 29 10.9 26 16.3 Apr. 1 18.0 29 16.7 9 21.4 7 18.4 Apr. 2 05.5 30 10.9 5 12.5 Oct. 3 11.2 14 00.0 11 21.1 6 00.1 Oct. 4 05.6 9 06.9 7 05.8 18 02.6 15 23.8 9 18.7 8 00.3 13 01.4 11 00.3 22 05.2 20 02.5 13 13.3 11 18.9 16 19.8 14 18.8 26 07.9 24 05.2 17 07.8 15 13.6 20 14.3 18 13.3 30 10.5 28 07.9 21 02.4 19 08.3 24 08.7 22 07.8 May 4 13.1 Nov. 1 10.6 24 21.0 23 03.0 28 03.2 26 02.3 8 15.7 5 13.3 28 15.6 26 21.6 May 1 21.6 29 20.8 12 18.4 9 16.0 May 2 10.2 30 16.3 5 16.1 Nov. 2 15.3 16 21.0 13 18.7 6 04.7 Nov. 3 11.0 9 10.6 6 09.8 20 23.6 17 21.4 9 23.3 7 05.7 13 05.0 10 04.3 25 02.3 22 00.1 13 17.9 11 00.3 16 23.5 13 22.8 29 04.9 26 02.8 17 12.5 14 19.0 20 17.9 17 17.3 Jun. 2 07.5 30 05.5 21 07.0 18 13.7 24 12.4 21 11.8 6 10.2 Dec. 4 08.2 25 01.6 22 08.4 28 06.8 25 06.3 10 12.8 8 10.9 28 20.2 26 03.0 Jun. 1 01.3 29 00.8 14 15.4 12 13.6 Jun. 1 14.8 29 21.7 4 19.7 Dec. 2 19.3 18 18.1 16 16.3 5 09.4 Dec. 3 16.4 8 14.2 6 13.8 22 20.7 20 19.0 9 04.0 7 11.1 12 08.7 10 08.3 26 23.4 24 21.7 12 22.6 11 05.7 16 03.1 14 02.8 29 00.4 16 17.1 15 00.4 19 21.6 17 21.4 20 11.7 18 19.1 23 16.1 21 15.9 24 06.3 22 13.7 27 10.5 25 10.4 28 00.9 26 08.4 29 04.9 30 03.1

Note: For an intervening eastern elongations add: Mimas 0d 22.6h or 1d 21.2h or 2d 19.9h Enceladus 1d 08.9h or 2d 17.8h Tethys 1d 21.3h

BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Saturn 77 SATELLITES OF SATURN

DIONE AND RHEA Dione Rhea Each second eastern elongation Each second eastern elongation d h d h d h d h d h d h Jan. 2 22.6 Apr. 22 10.0 Aug. 9 20.7 Jan. 3 02.0 May 9 13.4 Sep. 13 00.9 8 10.1 27 21.3 15 08.1 12 03.0 18 14.0 22 02.0 13 21.5 May 3 08.6 20 19.6 21 04.1 27 14.6 Oct. 1 03.1 19 08.9 8 19.9 26 07.0 30 05.0 Jun. 5 15.3 10 04.3 24 20.4 14 07.2 31 18.4 Feb. 8 06.0 14 16.0 19 05.4 30 07.8 19 18.5 Sep. 6 05.9 17 06.9 23 16.7 28 06.6 Feb. 4 19.2 25 05.8 11 17.3 26 07.8 Jul. 2 17.4 Nov. 6 07.8 10 06.6 30 17.1 17 04.8 Mar. 7 08.6 11 18.2 15 09.0 15 18.0 Jun. 5 04.4 22 16.3 16 09.4 20 19.1 24 10.2 21 05.4 10 15.7 28 03.8 25 10.1 29 19.9 Dec. 3 11.4 26 16.7 16 03.0 Oct. 3 15.2 Apr. 3 10.8 Aug. 7 20.9 12 12.5 Mar. 4 04.1 21 14.3 9 02.7 12 11.5 16 21.8 21 13.7 9 15.5 27 01.7 14 14.2 21 12.1 25 22.8 30 14.8 15 02.8 Jul. 2 13.0 20 01.7 30 12.8 Sep. 3 23.9 20 14.1 8 00.4 25 13.2 26 01.5 13 11.7 ------31 12.8 18 23.1 Dec. 13 20.7 Note: For an intervening eastern elongation add: Apr. 6 00.1 24 10.5 19 08.2 11 11.4 29 21.9 24 19.7 Dione 2d 17.7h 16 22.7 Aug. 4 09.3 30 07.1 Rhea 4d 12.4h

TITAN AND HYPERION Titan Hyperion E. Elong. Inf. Conj’n W. Elong. Sup. Conj’n E.Elong. W Elong. d h d h d h d h d h d h Jan. 1 22.8 Jan. 6 02.0 Jan. 10 05.8 Jan. 14 03.2 17 22.8 22 02.0 26 05.8 Jan. 9 00.5 Jan. 19 07.1 30 03.0 Feb. 2 22.5 Feb. 7 01.7 Feb. 11 05.3 30 10.4 Feb. 9 16.3 Feb. 15 02.4 18 21.8 23 00.8 27 04.3 Feb. 20 19.8 Mar. 3 00.9 Mar. 3 01.3 Mar. 6 20.5 Mar. 10 23.5 Mar. 15 02.9 Mar. 14 04.3 24 08.7 18 23.7 22 18.9 26 21.6 31 00.9 Apr. 4 11.9 Apr. 14 15.9 Apr. 3 21.6 Apr. 7 16.8 Apr. 11 19.3 Apr. 15 22.6 25 18.9 May 5 22.6 19 19.2 23 14.4 27 16.7 May 1 20.1 May 17 01.6 27 05.4 May 5 16.6 May 9 11.9 May 13 13.9 17 17.4 Jun. 7 08.5 Jun. 17 12.6 21 13.9 25 09.3 29 11.2 Jun. 2 14.8 28 16.1 Jul. 8 20.6 Jun. 6 11.4 Jun. 10 06.9 Jun. 14 08.7 18 12.5 Jul. 20 00.5 30 05.4 22 09.1 26 04.8 30 06.6 Jul. 4 10.5 Aug. 10 09.9 Aug. 20 15.0 Jul. 8 07.2 Jul. 12 03.0 Jul. 16 04.9 20 09.0 31 20.0 Sep. 11 01.3 24 05.7 28 01.7 Aug. 1 03.7 Aug. 5 07.9 Sep. 22 06.7 Oct. 2 11.9 Aug. 9 04.8 Aug. 13 00.8 17 02.9 21 07.3 Oct. 13 17.5 23 22.5 25 04.2 29 00.4 Sep. 2 02.7 Sep. 6 07.1 Nov. 4 04.3 Nov. 14 09.0 Sep. 10 04.1 Sep. 14 00.3 18 02.8 22 07.2 25 14.7 Dec. 5 19.1 26 04.3 30 00.5 Oct. 4 03.2 Oct. 8 07.7 Dec. 17 00.5 27 04.3 Oct. 12 04.8 Oct. 16 01.0 20 03.9 24 08.4 28 05.5 Nov. 1 01.6 Nov. 5 04.8 Nov. 9 09.3 Nov. 13 06.3 17 02.4 21 05.8 25 10.1 29 07.2 Dec. 3 03.2 Dec. 7 06.8 Dec. 11 11.0 Dec. 15 08.0 19 03.9 23 07.6 27 11.7 31 08.7

Position-angle and angular-distances can be obtained from JPL’s Horizons web page at: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons (see page 113)

78 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2014 TITAN

January 2014 July 29 28 19 18 17 30 27 20 2 13 12 11 26 3 1 16 31 14 21 4 31 10 25 5 15 15 9 16 22 6 14 30 8 24 1 7 13 7 23 8 12 29 17 2 9 10 11 3 5 6 23 24 28 18 4 22 25 26 27 19 20 21

February August 19 18 20 17 30 29 28 21 4 3 2 31 14 13 12 27 22 5 1 15 11 26 6 16 16 10 17 23 7 15 1 9 25 8 14 2 8 24 9 13 18 3 7 24 12 4 6 25 10 11 19 5 23 26 27 28 20 21 22

March September 24 23 22 30 29 25 7 6 21 28 8 5 20 15 14 13 26 9 17 16 12 27 10 4 1 11 3 19 18 2 27 11 10 26 2 3 9 12 19 28 13 1 18 4 8 25 14 16 20 5 6 7 29 15 17 21 24 30 31 22 23

April 24 23 October 25 22 17 31 8 7 30 26 9 6 21 18 1 16 15 19 2 14 27 10 5 29 11 3 13 20 4 20 4 12 28 28 12 3 5 11 13 2 19 21 6 10 27 29 14 7 9 15 16 1 18 22 8 26 30 17 23 24 25

May December 27 26 25 24 20 19 18 9 21 17 28 11 10 8 23 4 3 2 12 7 22 5 1 29 6 16 13 6 22 23 7 15 14 31 30 5 8 21 24 14 15 4 9 13 30 16 10 12 31 1 2 3 20 25 11 29 17 18 19 26 27 28

June S 27 26 25 28 10 24 29 11 9 12 8 13 23 7 30 14 WE 6 15 22 16 5 1 3 4 21 N 2 100 0 100 200 17 18 19 20

Seconds of Arc Saturn is in conjunction with Sun during November.

BAA Handbook 2014 Satellites of Saturn 79 IAPETUS Iapetus shows variations in brightness, and is always brighter at western elongation than at eastern. The diagrams show the apparent path of Iapetus relative to Saturn, the units being in seconds of arc. Conjunction of Saturn is indicated by the faint portion of the orbit path from Oct. 18 to Dec. 18.

E. Elong. Inf. Conj’n. W. Elong. Sup. Conj’n.

d h d h d h d h Jan. 6 20.8 Jan. 27 12.5 Feb. 17 00.7 Mar. 8 22.3 Mar. 27 14.7 Apr. 16 13.1 May 6 16.6 May 25 22.7 Jun. 13 20.5 Jul. 3 08.6 Jul. 24 04.1 Aug. 12 15.9 Sep. 1 06.5 Sep. 21 08.9 Oct. 12 17.0 Nov. 1 17.9 Nov. 21 09.3 Dec. 12 03.5

MAR 18 14 S JAN 1 2014 150 5 10 9 6 13 MAR 2 0 17 21 26

25 22 150 18 29 14 22 MAR 18 FEB 2 6 10 MAY 29 26 150 30 25

APR 3 21

0 7 17

11 13

15 9 150 5 6 JUN 2 19 MAY 1 10 MAY 29 23 27 150 14 18 AUG 9 WE22 0 5 26 AUG 1 30 28

150 JUL 4 24 20 8 25 21 12 16 29 17 150 SEP 2 13 6 AUG 9 10 0 14 OCT 20 18 16 150 22 12 26 8 30 OCT 4 13 9 17 5 150 21 25 NOV 1

29 28

0 DEC 3 24

7 OCT 20

150 15 DEC 31 19 23 27 600 450 300 150 N 0 150 300 450 600 80 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2014 URANUS Uranus is at opposition on October 7, magnitude 5.9, diameter 3.6"

BAA Handbook 2014 Uranus 81 NEPTUNE Neptune is at opposition on August 29, magnitude 7.8, diameter 2.3"

82 Neptune BAA Handbook 2014 Trans-Neptunian & Scattered-Disk Objects

The list comprises the date, magnitude, geocentric position and apparent motion, when at opposition in 2014, of the 25 most intrinsically bright objects known as of 2013 July 17. The sizes of the smaller objects listed are speculative given that they are based on an estimated albedo only. If you wish to observe an object then go to the website of the Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html Here you enter the date and the designation of the object(s) you wish to observe. Given the extreme distance of these objects, the geocentric position will be sufficiently accurate for any location on the Earth.

Object Opposition Approx. Motion Number/Name Prov ID Date V H Diam. Δ RA Dec. Speed P km au h m º ' "/min º (136199) Eris 2003 UB313 Oct. 16 18.7 -1.2 2400 95.41 1 59.1 -3 15.6 0.024 252 (134340) Pluto - Jul. 4 14.3 -0.8 2320 31.67 18 51.6 -20 17.7 0.063 261 (136472) Makemake 2005 FY9 Mar. 21 16.9 -0.4 1600 51.48 12 48.6 +26 40.7 0.042 296 (136108) Haumea* 2003 EL61 Apr. 10 17.2 0.1 1500* 49.90 13 58.6 +18 11.7 0.043 295 (90377) Sedna 2003 VB12 Nov. 17 20.9 1.5 1400 85.15 3 39.2 +7 06.3 0.025 257 (225088) 2007 OR10 Aug. 26 21.4 2.0 1200 86.11 22 21.0 -13 15.6 0.026 251 (90482) Orcus 2004 DW Feb. 23 19.1 2.2 940 47.08 9 58.8 -8 19.6 0.046 290 (50000) Quaoar 2002 LM60 Jun. 17 18.7 2.4 890 42.01 17 41.8 -15 24.2 0.049 272 (55636) 2002 TX300 Oct. 21 19.5 3.2 300 41.21 1 01.5 +32 30.3 0.051 247 (28978) Ixion 2001 KX76 Jun. 12 19.3 3.3 700 39.41 17 19.1 -26 41.2 0.053 271 (229762) 2007 UK126 Nov. 28 19.8 3.4 900 42.54 4 28.6 -0 30.9 0.049 263 (202421) 2005 UQ513 Oct. 14 20.3 3.4 900 47.47 0 32.0 +31 02.0 0.045 245 (174567) 2003 MW12 Jun. 6 20.2 3.4 900 46.26 17 04.8 -1 50.5 0.045 277 (55565) 2002 AW197 Feb. 14 20.0 3.4 900 45.00 9 34.7 +1 24.9 0.048 285 (303775) 2005 QU182 Oct. 8 20.6 3.5 900 49.79 1 13.3 -6 11.8 0.042 249 (120178) 2003 OP32 Aug. 28 19.9 3.6 850 40.96 22 06.7 +3 16.2 0.051 245 (20000) Varuna 2000 WR106 Jan. 16 20.0 3.6 850 42.72 7 54.7 +26 35.1 0.050 284 (307261) 2002 MS4 Jun. 28 20.4 3.7 800 45.96 18 24.9 -7 28.1 0.046 269 (208996) 2003 AZ84 Jan. 19 20.2 3.7 800 44.03 7 55.7 +10 22.8 0.049 280 (55637) 2002 UX25 Nov. 2 19.8 3.7 800 40.04 2 33.0 +9 37.8 0.053 248 2010 EK139 Apr. 24 19.6 3.8 750 37.77 13 28.5 -34 21.7 0.055 289 2006 QH181 Nov. 30 23.0 3.8 750 82.29 4 24.3 +19 21.7 0.028 263 (84522) 2002 TC302 Nov. 3 20.4 3.8 750 44.35 2 15.7 +25 46.9 0.049 256 (278361) 2007 JJ43 May 29 20.0 3.9 700 40.29 16 16.9 -26 47.2 0.050 282 (145452) 2005 RN43 Sep. 1 20.0 3.9 700 39.65 22 27.1 +0 39.4 0.052 245

*Haumea is asymmetric in shape being roughly 2000km x 1500km x 1000km in size.

BAA Handbook 2014 Trans-Neptunian Objects 83 DWARF PLANETS (134340) Pluto

Pluto is at opposition, in Sagittarius, on July 4 at magnitude 14.3. Its brightness varies little throughout the year, ranging in visual magnitude from 14.3 to 14.6. Charts prepared using GUIDE 8.0. Stars down to magnitude 12 are shown.

84 Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2014 DWARF PLANETS (134340) Pluto Detailed charts around the time of opposition. Jun. 4 to Jul. 4 Jul. 4 to Aug. 4

The charts show stars down to magnitude 14. BAA Handbook 2014 Dwarf Planets 85 DWARF PLANETS ORBITAL ELEMENTS The geocentric data below have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox J2000, Epoch of the elements, JD 2456200.5, 2012 Sep. 30.0 TT

No. Name a e i Node Peri. M* au ° ° ° ° 1 Ceres 2.770 0.076 10.594 80.330 72.167 327.854 134340 Pluto 39.348 0.247 17.169 110.285 113.334 34.619 136108 Haumea 43.058 0.195 28.194 121.819 240.678 206.480 136199 Eris 67.958 0.437 43.885 36.031 150.804 203.207 136472 Makemake 45.555 0.160 29.013 79.287 297.077 154.559 More information on asteroids and dwarf planets can be found on the website of the Asteroid and Remote Planets Section at: http://www.britastro.org/asteroids/

EPHEMERIDES The geocentric data below have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html

Equinox J2000, Epoch JD 2456200.5, 2012 Sep. 30.0 TT 1 Ceres 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ´ " au au ° Jan. 1 13 36 10.2 +1 11 48 2.582 2.576 78.7 8.6 11 13 47 23.8 +0 35 51 2.457 2.580 85.9 8.5 21 13 57 12.6 +0 11 46 2.331 2.584 93.4 8.4 31 14 05 20.3 +0 00 17 2.207 2.588 101.4 8.2 Feb. 10 14 11 27.8 +0 01 44 2.086 2.593 109.8 8.1

20 14 15 18.4 +0 15 46 1.973 2.598 118.7 7.9 Mar. 2 14 16 36.0 +0 41 27 1.871 2.603 128.2 7.7 12 14 15 11.3 +1 16 30 1.783 2.608 138.0 7.5 22 14 11 08.2 +1 57 15 1.714 2.614 148.1 7.3 Apr. 1 14 04 45.3 +2 38 44 1.667 2.619 157.8 7.1

11 13 56 41.6 +3 14 50 1.645 2.625 164.9 7.0 21 13 47 53.4 +3 39 40 1.649 2.632 164.6 7.0 May 1 13 39 21.1 +3 48 48 1.680 2.638 157.2 7.2 11 13 32 02.3 +3 39 45 1.736 2.644 147.6 7.4 21 13 26 38.4 +3 12 36 1.813 2.651 137.8 7.6

31 13 23 31.4 +2 28 58 1.908 2.658 128.3 7.8 Jun. 10 13 22 49.3 +1 31 14 2.018 2.665 119.2 8.0 20 13 24 26.1 +0 22 13 2.138 2.672 110.7 8.2 30 13 28 10.7 -0 55 38 2.267 2.680 102.7 8.4 Jul. 10 13 33 50.1 -2 20 07 2.399 2.687 95.1 8.5

20 13 41 09.3 -3 49 19 2.535 2.695 87.8 8.6 30 13 49 56.2 -5 21 41 2.670 2.702 80.9 8.7 Aug. 9 14 00 00.0 -6 55 52 2.803 2.710 74.3 8.8 19 14 11 10.4 -8 30 37 2.933 2.718 67.8 8.9 29 14 23 20.3 -10 04 56 3.058 2.725 61.5 9.0 Sep. 8 14 36 23.4 -11 37 48 3.177 2.733 55.4 9.0 18 14 50 13.4 -13 08 18 3.288 2.741 49.3 9.0

86 Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2014 DWARF PLANETS 1 Ceres cont'd 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ´ " au au ° Sep 28 15 04 46.6 -14 35 37 3.390 2.749 43.4 9.0 Oct. 8 15 19 58.5 -15 58 55 3.483 2.757 37.4 9.0 18 15 35 44.8 -17 17 26 3.565 2.765 31.5 9.0 From early April until the end of July, Ceres and Vesta are never more than 2° apart. See chart on page 114. 134340 Pluto 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ´ " au au ° Apr. 11 18 56 58.5 -20 06 21 32.486 32.631 97.5 14.5 May 1 18 56 42.9 -20 07 05 32.173 32.643 117.0 14.5 21 18 55 40.1 -20 09 10 31.913 32.655 136.6 14.5 Jun. 10 18 54 00.3 -20 12 29 31.736 32.667 156.1 14.4 30 18 51 58.7 -20 16 43 31.666 32.679 175.0 14.3

Jul. 20 18 49 53.3 -20 21 31 31.710 32.691 164.5 14.4 Aug. 9 18 48 02.5 -20 26 26 31.867 32.702 145.0 14.4 29 18 46 42.9 -20 31 07 32.118 32.714 125.5 14.5 Sep. 18 18 46 07.0 -20 35 11 32.436 32.726 106.0 14.5 136108 Haumea 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ´ " au au ° Jan. 21 14 01 13.9 17 25 12 50.644 50.793 98.2 17.3 Feb. 10 14 01 13.0 17 36 55 50.351 50.790 115.9 17.3 Mar. 2 14 00 41.2 17 49 46 50.111 50.786 132.5 17.3 22 13 59 43.8 18 02 03 49.953 50.783 146.1 17.2 Apr. 11 13 58 29.4 18 12 06 49.895 50.779 151.7 17.2

May 1 13 57 08.8 18 18 36 49.941 50.776 145.7 17.2 21 13 55 53.3 18 20 43 50.084 50.773 132.5 17.3 Jun. 10 13 54 53.1 18 18 13 50.305 50.769 116.7 17.3 30 13 54 16.2 18 11 24 50.579 50.766 100.0 17.3 136199 Eris 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ´ " au au ° Jul. 20 1 43 55.5 -2 59 11 96.321 96.396 93.9 18.8 Aug. 9 1 43 50.1 -3 01 50 95.998 96.392 112.6 18.7 29 1 43 30.1 -3 05 32 95.720 96.389 131.3 18.7 Sep. 18 1 42 57.8 -3 09 47 95.517 96.385 149.5 18.7 Oct. 8 1 42 16.8 -3 14 00 95.416 96.381 164.8 18.7

28 1 41 32.2 -3 17 34 95.429 96.377 162.5 18.7 Nov. 17 1 40 49.6 -3 19 56 95.556 96.374 145.6 18.7 Dec. 7 1 40 14.5 -3 20 42 95.783 96.370 126.3 18.7 27 1 39 51.6 -3 19 39 96.082 96.366 106.5 18.7 136472 Makemake 2014 RA Dec. ∆ r Elong. V h m s ° ´ " au au ° Jan. 1 12 51 28.2 25 54 34 52.191 52.344 98.4 16.9 21 12 51 28.7 26 05 50 51.907 52.347 116.0 16.9 Feb. 10 12 50 57.5 26 18 32 51.677 52.349 132.5 16.9 Mar. 2 12 49 59.6 26 30 53 51.530 52.352 145.8 16.9 22 12 48 43.6 26 41 06 51.482 52.355 150.8 16.9

Apr. 11 12 47 20.6 26 47 46 51.540 52.357 144.3 16.9 May 1 12 46 02.2 26 49 56 51.693 52.360 131.0 16.9 21 12 44 59.1 26 47 18 51.924 52.362 115.2 16.9 Jun. 10 12 44 19.7 26 40 10 52.204 52.365 98.6 16.9 BAA Handbook 2014 Dwarf Planets 87 Introductory text for comets follows on page 90 in order to retain this double-page spread.

‡

* * * * * * * May Dec. Dec. May – Jul. Jan. – Oct. Jan. – Oct. Jan. – Oct. Jun. - Dec. Jan. – Feb. Apr. – Jun. Apr. Apr. – Jun. Apr. Jan. – May Mar. - Sep. Mar. Jan. – Aug. Jan. – Mar. – Jun. Mar. May – Oct. Oct. – Dec. Oct. – Dec. Oct. – Dec. Nov. - Dec. Nov. Feb. – Dec. Feb. – Dec. Visible SH Visible Nov. – Dec. Nov. Aug. – Dec. Jan. – Jul., Dec.

* * * * * * Sep. Jan. Apr. Jan. - Jan. – Dec. Visible UK Visible Jul. – Dec. Apr. – May Apr. Sep. – Dec. Sep. – Dec. Sep. – Dec. Jun. – Oct. Jan. – May Jan. – May Jan. – May Jan. – May Jan. – May Jan. – May Jan. – Mar. Aug. – Dec. Oct. – Dec. Sep. – Dec. Aug. – Dec. Jan. – Mar., Oct. – Dec. Jan. – Mar., Jan. – May, Sep. - Dec. Jan. – May, Jan. – Apr., Oct. – Dec. Apr., Jan. – Jan. – Mar., Sep. – Dec. Jan. – Mar., Sep. – Dec. Jan. – Mar., * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Jan. than 14 Brighter Jan. – Jul. Apr. Jan. - Jan. - May Jan. – Oct. Jan. - Aug. Jan. - Jan. – Sep. May – Jun. Jan. – Aug. Jan. – Feb. – Sep. Mar. – Aug. – Mar.

6 ° 23 30 20 99 18 44 98 55 62 29 84 36 23 16 51 47 36 115 170 168 105 125 147 164 107 160 135 100 160 175 100 Elong. at peak Jul. Jul. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jun. Jun. Jun. Jun. Jun. Jun. Feb. Feb. Feb. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. May May Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. peak Nov. Nov. Date of 4 9 ? 11 11 11 20 18 20 14 16 19 15 12 18 16 12 ? 14 17 15 15 18 19 18 15 17 12 15 13 17 15 18 12 Peak Mag.

1 8.2 7.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 20.3 10.0 20.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 13.1 10.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 COMETS K 1

5.5 5.9 8.0 6.6 8.6 2.5 9.0 7.1 8.0 7.5 7.0 11.9 11.0 14.0 14.5 17.0 15.0 16.0 14.0 15.5 10.5 10.0 13.1 13.0 14.5 13.0 17.0 12.0 10.1 17.5 16.5 10.5 N H 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 9 3 2 1 1 8 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 1 2 2 2 21 16 10

P 8.37 6.94 6.38 4.29 8.89 4.21 6.55 5.74 7.58 5.43 5.75 5.28 8.29 6.89 8.85 6.04 5.77 5.30 5.77 6.81 6.41 6.63 5.09 8.23 7.51 4.42 4.84 6.14 7.52 years 15.10 15.20 12.30 15.60 10.80

q au 0.01 2.38 2.11 1.47 2.52 0.99 3.91 0.61 1.60 1.83 1.30 1.77 1.29 2.16 0.05 0.05 3.06 2.06 3.03 1.65 0.05 0.04 0.05 1.58 1.95 2.04 0.97 2.05 2.57 1.91 1.66 0.83 0.78 5.29 1.61 1.47 1.12

T Jul. 4.5 Jul. 6.4 Jan. 6.3 Jan. 10.2 Jan. 15.6 Jun. 7.7 Jun. 10.4 Feb. 4.0 Feb. 5.3 Feb. 11.6 Feb. 15.3 Feb. 21.5 2.6 Apr. 9.6 Apr. 9.8 Apr. 14.3 Apr. 15.7 Apr. 16.6 Apr. 23.1 Apr. May 6.2 May 6.3 May 15.4 May 21.5 May 21.7 May 29.6 May 30.0 Dec. 12.2 Mar. 1.3 Mar. 3.5 Mar. 7.5 Mar. 13.1 Mar. 14.4 Mar. 15.0 Mar. 22.6 Mar. 27.2 Mar. 27.5 Mar. Nov. 28.8 Nov. 2014 2013

54P/Brewington 2012 S1 (ISON) 1 2005 L4 (P/Christensen) 2006 XG16 (P/Spacewatch) 2007 R2 (P/Gibbs) Y2 (P/Li) 1998 107P/Wilson-Harrington 129P/Shoemaker-Levy 169P/NEAT 2012 X1 (LINEAR) 2007 H3 (P/Garradd) A2 (P/LINEAR) 2008 52P/Harrington-Abell 25D/Neujmin 1998 U3 (P/Jager) 2002 R5 (P/SOHO) 2003 Q1 (P/SOHO) 117P/Helin-Roman-Alu 17P/Holmes 119P/Parker-Hartley 124P/Mrkos 1996 X5 (P/SOHO) 2003 Q6 (P/SOHO) 1996 X3 (P/SOHO) 156P/Russell-LINEAR (P/NEAT) 2001 Q11 191P/McNAught 209P/LINEAR AR2 (P/LINEAR) 2002 134P/Kowal-Vavrova 132P/Helin-Roman-Alu 4P/Faye 2005 JQ5 (P/Catalina) 16P/Brooks 181P/Shoemaker-Levy 222P/LINEAR 2012 U1 (PanSTARRS) Comet 88 Comets BAA Handbook 2014

‡

* * * Dec. Dec. Jan., Dec. Jan. – Jul. Mar. - Jul. Mar. Jul. – Dec. Jan. – Oct. Jan. – Sep. Jan. – Sep. Apr. – Jun. Apr. Sep. – Oct. Jan. – Mar. May – Jun. Oct. – Dec. Jun. – Aug. Jun. – Sep. – Dec. – Sep. Apr. – Dec. Apr. Feb. – Dec. Feb. – Dec. Feb. – Dec. Visible SH Visible Apr. – Nov. Apr. May – Dec. Mar. – Dec. Mar. Mar. – Dec. Mar. May – Aug. May – Nov. – Dec. Nov. May – Jul., Dec. Feb. – Apr., Jun. – Jul., Apr., Feb. – Jan. – Feb., Oct. Dec. Jan. – Mar., May – Nov. Jan. – Mar.,

* * * * * * * * Dec. Dec. Dec. Jan. – Jun. Jul. – Dec. Jul. – Dec. Apr. Jan. – Jul. – Nov. Jul. – Aug. Jul. – Jan. – May Jan. – May Jan. – Dec. Visible UK Visible Sep. – Dec. Aug. – Oct. Nov. – Dec. Nov. Aug. – Dec. Aug. – Dec. Aug. – Dec. Aug. – Dec. Jan., Oct. - Dec. Jan. – Jul., Sep. Oct. Jan. – Apr., Sep. – Dec. Apr., Jan. – Jan. – Feb., Sep. Dec. Jan. – Feb., Aug. – Dec. Jan. – Feb., * * * * * * * * * * * * † * * * * * * * * * than 14 Brighter Jun. – Jul. Jul. – Sep. Jun. - Dec. Jan. – Dec. Jun. – Nov. Oct. – Dec. Sep. – Dec. Sep. – Dec. Mar. – Dec. Mar. Aug. – Dec.

† ° 11 45 44 47 24 38 18 41 86 80 90 75 72 115 115 155 177 170 168 170 100 100 105 145 150 140 150 165 150 106 178 Elong. at peak † Jul. Jul. Jul. Jul. Jun. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Sep. Apr. Sep. Sep. Sep. Apr. Mar. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. peak Nov. Nov. Nov. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Date of 9 8 6 11 ? 11 15 ? 13 ? 14 19 14 19 18 17 14 17 15 17 16 12 16 18 12 ? 17 13 12 17 18 18 22 18 19 14 Peak Mag.

1 5.0 10.0 25.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 22.6 10.0 10.0 10.0 19.5 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 COMETS K 1 6.5 8.5 8.0 8.9 6.9 8.5 0.5 5.9 9.2 6.0 6.0 9.5 4.5 9.0 11.4 11.0 11.0 10.5 15.5 10.0 18.0 10.0 13.0 12.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 13.5 16.5 15.0 19.0 10.5

3 2 4 1 1 1 2 3 5 2 7 1 2 4 1 1 7 1 4 6 2 2 1 1 6 2 2 1 N H 14 10

P 6.67 9.02 7.28 5.48 7.04 8.61 7.41 8.07 9.91 6.76 6.86 6.51 8.55 9.58 7.23 7.05 5.65 5.83 5.32 6.39 5.95 5.84 6.30 years 11.40 13.70 19.80 10.98 14.00 14.70 25.40

q au 1.78 0.78 1.55 1.25 2.29 2.36 2.92 2.68 1.61 4.08 1.82 1.40 2.17 2.48 1.89 0.98 3.05 5.75 2.49 2.00 1.71 2.01 1.39 0.53 1.05 1.15 0.96 2.35 6.46 0.05 1.38 6.89 1.55

Jul. 9.4 Jul. 11.4 Jul. 20.1 Jul. 24.7 Sep 3.7 Oct. 15.4 Oct. 17.6 Oct. 18.4 Oct. 20.8 Oct. 24.2 Sep. 2.7 Sep. 18.3 15.3 Apr. Dec. 17.8 Dec. 20.5 Dec. 27.1 Dec. 29.2 Nov. 1.6 Nov. 10.1 Nov. 14.6 Nov. 15.8 Nov. 20.3 Nov. 24.8 Nov. Aug. 17.2 Aug. 19.2 Aug. 23.4 Aug. 24.6 Aug. 26.6 Aug. 26.8 Aug. 27.6 Aug. 27.9 Aug. 28.3 Aug. 30.3 2019

The peak magnitude is variable or unknown and so cannot be predicted. omet † C 2014 75D/Kohoutek 72D/Denning-Fujikawa 106P/Schuster 2003 O3 (P/LINEAR) 210P/Christensen 2012 K8 (Lemmon) 2002 S4 (P/SOHO) 2008 Q2 (P/Ory) S1 (P/Gibbs) 2011 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR 2012 K1 (PanSTARRS) 206P/Barnard-Boattini W1 (D/Blanpain) 1819 2008 J2 (P/Beshore) 2007 H1 (P/McNAught) 2001 BB50 (P/LINEAR-NEAT) 170P/Christensen 2003 U3 (P/NEAT) 32P/Comas Sola 108P/Ciffreo 70P/Kojima A1 (Siding Spring) 2013 135P/Shoemaker-Levy 80P/Peters-Hartley 269P/Jedicke 40P/Vaisala V1 (P/Skiff) 2004 193P/LINEAR-NEAT 110P/Hartley 2000 QJ46 (P/LINEAR) 15P/Finlay 2006 R2 (P/Christensen) 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann * Not predicted to become brighter than magnitude 14, or not visible. ‡ Southern Hemisphere BAA Handbook 2014 Comets 89 COMETS The date of perihelion (T), perihelion distance (q), period (P), the number of previously observed returns (N), and the parameters for calculating magnitude (H1 and K1) (see below), are given for each comet. These data are followed by approximate values for the brightest magnitude during 2014; the date and elongation at this time; the period when the comet is brighter than 14th magnitude; and the period of visibility when the comet is brighter than 20th magnitude for the UK (52°N) and Southern Hemisphere (35°S). Some periodic comets show a flat light curve with the comet at a relatively invariant brightness for over a month. Figures for such comets are more approximate than for those with a more sharply defined maximum brightness. The latest orbital elements and ephemerides are available at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/Ephemerides/Comets/index.html or the Comet Section web page at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jds and the Comet Orbit Home Page http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/ Further information about the visibility of the brighter objects will be included in the 2013 December BAA Journal. The SOHO comets are only likely to be visible in the STEREO or SOHO fields, and are brightest close to the Sun near the time of perihelion: no details are given for them. 29P/Schwassmann- Wachmann has outbursts and may be brighter than 14th magnitude at any time. The tabulated magnitudes for 29P are typical of an outburst and the comet is often fainter than indicated.

There is an identity of 1819 W1 (D/Blanplain) with 2003 WY25 (P/Catalina) and the tabulated details are based on this linkage. 25D/Neujmin was last seen in 1927 and since then has undergone two encounters with Jupiter, so its precise position must be regarded as uncertain. 72D/Denning- Fujikawa was last seen in 1978 and since then has undergone one Jupiter encounter; it may only be visible when it outbursts. 75D/Kohoutek was last seen in 1988 and it has been missed at two returns. The relation between perihelion (q), aphelion (Q) and semi-major axis (a) is: a = (Q + q)/2. If required, the mean daily motion (n, expressed in degrees) can be computed from: n = 0.985608/ (a3/2). The period is given by Kepler’s third law: P2 = a3 (where P is expressed in sidereal years and a in Astronomical Units). Magnitude parameters are from determinations by the BAA’s Comet Section or from the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams; the magnitude is usually given by

V = H1 + 5 (log Δ) + K1 (log r), where Δ is the distance of the comet from Earth and r is its distance from the Sun, both in Astronomical Units. Note that some PC ephemeris programs require K1/2.5 to be entered rather than K1. The ephemerides give the position for 0h TT on the given date for those comets expected to be brighter than about 12th magnitude and at an observable elongation from the Sun. The BAA’s Computing Section website has a facility for producing comet charts: http://britastro.org/computing/charts_comet.html and also the ability to see which comets are visible on any night using "What’s observable": http://britastro.org/computing/applets_ecliptic.html

90 Comets BAA Handbook 2014 INDIVIDUAL COMETS Cometary activity often changes from apparition to apparition, and the magnitude may differ from that printed here. A chart for any object at any one date and time can also be plotted from the Computing Section’s “What's observable” program/applet: http://britastro.org/computing/applets_ecliptic.html and directly from the list at: http://britastro.org/computing/charts_comet.html Alternatively refer to the Comet Section web page: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jds for latest estimates. Orbital elements can be obtained from http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/Ephemerides/Comets/index.html Some finder charts can be found athttp://www.shopplaza.nl/astro/comets/comets.htm 15P/Finlay 2014 (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Nov. 8/9 18 1.0 -27 54 11.4 1.69 1.20 14:50 44 161 95 18/19 18 38.5 -27 8 10.7 1.63 1.12 14:48 42 83 13 28/29 19 19.0 -25 37 10.0 1.57 1.06 14:49 41 45 45 Dec. 8/9 20 1.9 -23 12 9.5 1.52 1.01 14:52 41 166 94 18/19 20 46.4 -19 49 9.2 1.46 0.98 14:57 42 80 11 28/29 21 31.7 -15 29 9.0 1.42 0.98 15:03 43 51 53

29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 2014 (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Jan. 2/3 15 30.3 -27 39 12.6 6.82 6.17 8:41 46 69 3 12/13 15 36.9 -28 9 12.5 6.69 6.17 8:08 54 157 91 22/23 15 42.9 -28 38 12.5 6.55 6.17 7:35 63 41 63 Feb. 1/2 15 48.1 -29 5 12.4 6.40 6.17 7:01 72 102 6 11/12 15 52.4 -29 30 12.4 6.24 6.16 6:25 81 129 93 21/22 15 55.7 -29 53 12.3 6.08 6.16 5:49 90 14 58 Mar. 3/4 15 57.8 -30 13 12.3 5.92 6.16 5:12 99 136 9 13/14 15 58.8 -30 31 12.2 5.76 6.16 4:34 109 99 93 23/24 15 58.6 -30 44 12.1 5.61 6.15 3:54 119 33 51 Apr 2/3 15 57.1 -30 54 12.1 5.48 6.15 3:13 129 164 12 12/13 15 54.5 -30 58 12.0 5.36 6.15 2:31 139 67 95 22/23 15 50.9 -30 58 12.0 5.27 6.15 1:48 149 72 42 May 2/3 15 46.5 -30 51 12.0 5.20 6.15 1:04 158 150 14 12/13 15 41.6 -30 40 11.9 5.16 6.14 0:20 167 32 97 22/23 15 36.6 -30 23 11.9 5.14 6.14 23:35 169 113 34 Jun. 1/2 15 31.7 -30 3 11.9 5.16 6.14 22:51 163 116 16 11/12 15 27.2 -29 39 12.0 5.21 6.14 22:07 154 16 99 21/22 15 23.6 -29 15 12.0 5.28 6.13 21:24 144 151 27 Jul. 1/2 15 20.9 -28 52 12.0 5.37 6.13 20:42 135 83 18 11/12 15 19.2 -28 30 12.1 5.49 6.13 20:01 125 51 100 21/22 15 18.7 -28 11 12.1 5.62 6.13 19:21 115 164 21 31/32 15 19.4 -27 56 12.2 5.76 6.12 18:42 106 50 21 Aug. 10/11 15 21.2 -27 44 12.2 5.91 6.12 18:05 97 88 100 20/21 15 24.1 -27 38 12.3 6.07 6.12 17:28 88 135 18 30/31 15 28.0 -27 35 12.3 6.22 6.11 16:53 79 21 25

BAA Handbook 2014 Comets 91 INDIVIDUAL COMETS

29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann cont'd (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Sep. 9/10 15 32.9 -27 36 12.4 6.37 6.11 16:18 71 123 99 19/20 15 38.5 -27 40 12.4 6.51 6.11 15:44 62 107 15 29/30 15 44.9 -27 48 12.5 6.64 6.11 15:11 54 19 31 Oct. 9/10 15 52.0 -27 58 12.5 6.76 6.10 14:39 46 154 97 19/20 15 59.5 -28 9 12.5 6.86 6.10 14:07 38 80 14 29/30 16 7.6 -28 22 12.6 6.94 6.10 13:36 30 49 37 Nov. 8/9 16 16.0 -28 36 12.6 7.00 6.10 13:05 22 167 95 18/19 16 24.7 -28 50 12.6 7.05 6.09 12:34 15 54 13

Dec. 18/19 16 51.6 -29 31 12.6 7.04 6.09 11:02 14 28 11 28/29 17 0.4 -29 44 12.6 6.99 6.08 10:32 21 114 53

154P/Brewington 2014 (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Jan. 2/3 23 52.2 +19 17 10.9 1.40 1.63 17:03 84 61 3 12/13 0 17.7 +22 6 11.1 1.48 1.65 16:49 81 68 91 22/23 0 44.7 +24 46 11.3 1.57 1.67 16:36 78 163 63 Feb. 1/2 1 13.0 +27 14 11.6 1.66 1.71 16:25 75 45 6 11/12 1 42.3 +29 25 11.9 1.77 1.75 16:15 72 79 93 21/22 2 12.2 +31 19 12.2 1.88 1.79 16:06 69 157 58

209P/LINEAR 2014 (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % May 2/3 8 25.4 +67 50 14.0 0.26 0.97 17:44 74 55 14 12/13 9 8.3 +61 33 13.1 0.17 0.97 17:47 73 91 97 22/23 10 2.5 +39 52 11.6 0.08 1.00 18:01 78 136 34 Jun. 1/2 11 23.0 -39 20 11.2 0.07 1.04 18:42 112 72 16 11/12 13 23.4 -70 43 13.0 0.14 1.10 20:04 122 59 99 21/22 15 22.6 -75 10 14.2 0.24 1.17 21:24 124 114 27 210P/Christensen 2014 (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Jul. 1/2 2 48.5 +6 41 13.9 1.11 1.04 8:09 59 109 18 11/12 3 52.5 +11 21 13.1 1.05 0.90 8:34 52 135 100 21/22 5 4.5 +15 28 12.4 1.05 0.76 9:07 43 13 21 31/32 6 20.3 +18 11 11.8 1.12 0.63 9:43 34 90 21 92 Comets BAA Handbook 2014 INDIVIDUAL COMETS

210P/Christensen cont'd (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Aug. 10/11 7 35.4 +19 0 11.4 1.24 0.55 10:19 26 150 100 20/21 8 46.5 +17 51 11.5 1.39 0.54 10:50 18 31 18 30/31 9 49.7 +15 12 12.3 1.55 0.61 11:14 13 74 25 2012 K1 (PanSTARRS) 2014 (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Feb. 1/2 16 34.5 +13 57 12.0 3.28 3.13 7:47 73 95 6 11/12 16 36.6 +15 50 11.7 3.01 3.02 7:09 81 127 93 21/22 16 36.8 +18 16 11.3 2.74 2.90 6:30 89 39 58 Mar. 3/4 16 34.2 +21 21 10.9 2.47 2.79 5:48 98 122 9 13/14 16 27.6 +25 12 10.5 2.22 2.67 5:02 106 97 93 23/24 16 15.0 +29 55 10.1 1.98 2.56 4:10 114 56 51 Apr. 2/3 15 53.8 +35 25 9.6 1.77 2.44 3:09 120 128 12 12/13 15 19.9 +41 17 9.2 1.61 2.32 1:56 123 65 95 22/23 14 29.7 +46 27 8.8 1.51 2.20 0:26 121 103 42 May 2/3 13 25.1 +49 21 8.5 1.47 2.08 22:42 113 90 14 12/13 12 18.3 +49 1 8.3 1.49 1.97 20:56 102 64 97 22/23 11 23.0 +46 5 8.1 1.56 1.85 19:22 89 134 34 Jun. 1/2 10 43.5 +41 52 8.0 1.66 1.73 18:03 76 43 16 11/12 10 16.7 +37 24 7.8 1.78 1.62 16:57 64 101 99 21/22 9 58.5 +33 7 7.7 1.89 1.51 15:59 52 110 27 Jul. 1/2 9 45.8 +29 8 7.5 1.99 1.40 15:07 41 23 18 11/12 9 36.5 +25 27 7.2 2.07 1.30 14:18 30 142 100 21/22 9 29.2 +21 57 7.0 2.12 1.22 13:31 20 74 21

Aug. 20/21 9 10.8 +11 25 6.3 2.03 1.06 11:15 12 38 18 30/31 9 4.2 +7 24 6.1 1.91 1.06 10:29 23 83 25 Sep. 9/10 8 56.6 +2 44 6.0 1.76 1.08 9:42 34 134 99 19/20 8 46.9 -2 57 6.0 1.57 1.12 8:52 45 16 15 29/30 8 33.2 -10 16 5.9 1.37 1.19 7:59 58 119 31 Oct. 9/10 8 11.6 -20 1 5.9 1.18 1.27 6:58 71 91 97 19/20 7 34.0 -32 46 5.9 1.02 1.37 5:41 85 59 14 29/30 6 22.8 -46 51 6.1 0.95 1.47 3:50 98 115 37 Nov. 8/9 4 23.2 -55 44 6.5 1.00 1.58 1:11 105 74 95 18/19 2 23.0 -54 48 7.1 1.16 1.69 22:32 104 116 13 28/29 1 12.3 -49 11 7.8 1.38 1.81 20:42 98 57 45 Dec. 8/9 0 36.9 -43 26 8.4 1.65 1.93 19:27 90 108 94 18/19 0 19.2 -38 36 9.1 1.94 2.05 18:30 82 114 11 28/29 0 10.7 -34 40 9.6 2.23 2.16 17:42 73 40 53

BAA Handbook 2014 Comets 93 INDIVIDUAL COMETS

2012 S1 (ISON) 2014 (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Jan. 2/3 16 58.4 +77 2 4.4 0.47 1.17 10:08 101 96 3 12/13 3 23.7 +78 1 5.6 0.63 1.38 19:56 116 60 91 22/23 4 0.2 +64 34 6.7 0.86 1.58 19:52 118 117 63 Feb. 1/2 4 15.2 +56 39 7.6 1.12 1.77 19:28 114 88 6 11/12 4 27.6 +51 40 8.4 1.40 1.95 19:01 108 50 93 21/22 4 39.4 +48 18 9.1 1.69 2.12 18:33 101 146 58 Mar. 3/4 4 51.2 +45 55 9.7 1.99 2.28 18:06 94 60 9 13/14 5 3.1 +44 9 10.2 2.29 2.44 17:38 86 68 93 23/24 5 15.1 +42 48 10.7 2.59 2.59 17:11 79 153 51 Apr. 2/3 5 27.2 +41 45 11.1 2.89 2.74 16:43 72 35 12 12/13 5 39.3 +40 54 11.5 3.17 2.89 16:16 64 91 95 22/23 5 51.3 +40 12 11.8 3.45 3.03 15:48 57 131 42 2013 A1 (Siding Spring)

2014 (J2000.0) Meridian Elongation. Moon RA Dec. V ∆ r Transit Sun Moon Phase 0h TT h m ° ' au au hh:mm ° ° % Jun. 1/2 3 6.0 -23 28 12.2 2.93 2.42 10:25 51 82 16 11/12 3 11.0 -24 5 11.8 2.72 2.32 9:51 57 135 99 1/22 3 15.7 -25 13 11.4 2.49 2.22 9:16 63 42 27 Jul. 1/2 3 19.8 -27 1 11.0 2.24 2.12 8:41 70 104 18 11/12 3 22.7 -29 44 10.6 1.98 2.03 8:04 78 110 100 21/22 3 23.5 -33 43 10.0 1.72 1.93 7:25 86 53 21 31/32 3 20.4 -39 36 9.5 1.46 1.84 6:43 95 120 21 Aug. 10/11 3 8.5 -48 17 8.9 1.21 1.76 5:51 104 79 100 20/21 2 31.4 -60 36 8.3 1.02 1.68 4:35 111 93 18 30/31 0 6.5 -73 33 7.8 0.90 1.60 1:31 114 91 25 Sep. 9/10 19 36.4 -68 39 7.6 0.90 1.54 20:22 107 83 99 19/20 18 12.1 -53 5 7.7 1.01 1.48 18:18 95 129 15 29/30 17 47.5 -40 17 8.0 1.20 1.44 17:14 81 25 31 Oct. 9/10 17 38.9 -31 4 8.2 1.41 1.41 16:26 69 132 97 19/20 17 36.3 -24 23 8.5 1.63 1.40 15:44 58 102 14 29/30 17 36.6 -19 18 8.8 1.84 1.40 15:05 48 28 37 Nov. 8/9 17 38.5 -15 12 9.0 2.03 1.41 14:27 39 168 95 18/19 17 41.4 -11 42 9.3 2.20 1.44 13:50 31 71 13 28/29 17 44.8 -8 34 9.6 2.33 1.49 13:14 24 66 45 Dec. 8/9 17 48.6 -5 37 9.8 2.42 1.54 12:39 21 157 94 18/19 17 52.4 -2 41 10.0 2.49 1.60 12:03 21 43 11 28/29 17 56.2 +0 18 10.3 2.52 1.68 11:27 25 101 53

94 Comets BAA Handbook 2014 METEORS This diary includes all regular major and some of the more reliable minor streams. Radiant data (UT, Alt.) and twilight data are for observers at the standard latitudes 52°N and 35°S, on the Greenwich meridian. Moonrise and moonset may be determined from the data on pages 22-25. Where two radiants are given for one shower, the radiant on the same line as the times of twilight has been used for calculating the altitudes. All times are in UT. Normal limits are the dates between which the shower rates are normally greater than 25 per cent of the sporadic rate for the period. Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) is the probable hourly rate for a single experienced observer watching a clear sky with limiting magnitude 6.5 with the shower radiant in the zenith. To a first approximation, the observed hourly rate (OHR) is given by: OHR = ZHR sin a where a is the radiant elevation. Hence high rates cannot be expected if the radiant is low. Sky conditions can alter rates considerably and consequently observers should record the approximate naked eye limiting magnitude in the areas being watched during each observing session. The rates given are the maximum ones, and are only a guide in view of the inherent variability of showers. Twilight here is nautical, starting and ending when the Sun is 12° below the horizon. Telescopic Activity. If a number is given this is an approximate relative telescopic rate (sporadic rate = 1.0). If there is no entry the shower is deficient in faint meteors. However, many of the numbers are speculative. Observations using wide field CCD imaging may help augment telescopic meteor work in the future. Radiant Daily Motion. Where available, these come from Cook (NASA SP-319, pp.185–186, 1973). Because of the Earth’s motion around the Sun, meteor radiants are not stationary. They move about one degree of ecliptic longitude per day. The daily motions should be applied to determine the radiant positions at dates other than maximum. The position of the Perseid radiant has been revised following analysis of recent BAA data by Alex Pratt, William Stewart and Leonard Entwisle. The Geminid radiant position is from BAA data analysed by the late Steve J. Evans. Special Notes for 2014: Bright moonlight has an adverse effect on visual meteor observing, and within about five days to either side of Full Moon, lunar glare swamps all but the brighter meteors, reducing the efficiency of counts. Of the major showers in 2014, only the maximum of the Perseids will suffer interference by moonlight. The Perseid peak occurs near 00h on August 13, coinciding with a waning gibbous Moon in Pisces. Best observed rates are likely during the night of August 12/13, particularly in the pre-dawn hours of August 13. Observations of the April Lyrids may be hampered by a last quarter Moon in the early morning hours. The Taurids will suffer considerable interference by moonlight in 2014 with the two peaks occuring either side of the Full Moon on November 6/7. Visual observers may often minimize the effects of moonlight by positioning themselves so that the Moon is behind them and hidden behind a wall or other suitable obstruction. There are many excellent observing opportunities in 2014, beginning with the Quadrantids in early January. Maximum occurs just after New Moon, but peak activity is expected at about 18h on January 3 when the radiant will be rather low in the north from the UK. The Delta Aquarids, Piscis Australids, Alpha Capricornids and Iota Aquarids are all favourably placed with respect to the Moon this year and watches carried out any time in late July or early August should yield good observed rates. The autumn of 2014 also looks good for meteor observers with both the Orionids in October and the Leonids in November being observable in dark skies. In December it is hoped that observers will take advantage of the very favourable conditions for the Ursids, a minor but important shower much in need of observation. The Geminids are now the richest of the annual meteor showers and this year’s peak coincides with a last quarter Moon in Virgo, so there should be comparatively little interference by moonlight even during the early morning hours. The highest observed rates are most likely during the night of December 13/14, particularly in the pre-dawn hours of December 14. Geminid maximum is expected at around 07h, but past observations show that bright Geminids become more numerous some hours after the rates have peaked, a consequence of particle- sorting in the meteoroid stream. As always, observations away from the major shower maxima, and of year-round sporadic activity, are every bit as important to the work of the Association’s Meteor Section as those obtained when high rates are anticipated.

BAA Handbook 2014 Meteor Diary 95 METEORS METEORS

Radiant Position Latitude 52°N Latitude 35°S Epoch Maximum Daily Motion Twilight Radiant Twilight Radiant

λ☼ Normal ZHR Telescopic Local Time Age of Shower (2000.0) Maximum Limits at Max. R.A. Dec. R.A. Dec. Activity of Transit Date Moon Ends Begins UT Alt. Ends Begins UT Alt. Notes ° h:m (°) ° ° ° h d h h h ° h h h ° Quadrantids 283.1 Jan. 3d 18h Jan. 1-6 80? 15:28 (232) +50 1.5 8.6 Jan. 3 2 17.4 6.7 00 21 - - - - Blue and yellow meteors. Diffuse radiant 03 40 except at peak. Strong in 1992. Favourable. 06 46 Radiant low at peak in UK. Virginids 022 Apr. 11-12 Mar-Apr 5 14:04 (211) -09 ? 0.7 Apr. 12 2 20.2 3.8 22 20 18.6 5.4 20 21 The two most prominent of several radiants in Apr. 6-17 5 13:36 (204) -11 01 29 00 62 Virgo, active March-April. Slow, long paths. 04 16 04 38 Lyrids 032.3 Apr. 22d 17h Apr. 18-25 10 18:08 (272) +32 +1.1 0.0 - 4.2 Apr. 22 22 20.6 3.4 21 15 18.4 5.6 01 09 Normally rather moderate activity, but fine 00 41 03 21 displays in 1803, 1922, 1982. Quite favourable. 03 66 05 22 η Aquarids 045 May 5-6 Apr. 24-May 40 22:20 (335) -01 +0.9 +0.4 - 7.6 May 5 6 21.1 2.8 02 03 18.2 5.7 02 05 Fine southern shower, poorly seen from the

20 03 12 04 29 UK. Telescopic peak λ☼=42°. Broad maximum 06 49 and multiple radiant. α-Scorpiids 038 Apr. 28 Apr. 20-May 5 16:31 (248) -24 +0.5 -0.19 1.5 2.0 Apr. 28 28 21.4 2.5 22 07 18.1 5.8 20 30 Part of the Scorpio-Sagittarius complex. 052 May 13 19 16:04 (241) -24 1.6 May 13 14 00 14 00 77 Several weak radiants. April-July. 02 12 03 57 Ophiuchids 079 Jun. 10 May 19-July 5 17:56 (269) -23 - Jun. 10 12 22.5 1.5 22 15 17.9 6.1 21 54 Weak activity from several radiants. Best for 089 Jun. 20 17:20 (260) -20 23.5 Jun. 20 22 00 18 00 74 southern observers. 02 10 03 42 α-Cygnids 118 Jul. 21 Jul.-Aug. 5 21:00 (315) +48 ? 0.9 Jul. 21 24 21.8 2.3 22 62 18.1 6.1 23 03 Weak, apparently stationary radiant producing 148 Aug. 21 Aug. 21 25 00 80 01 07 steady activity throughout northern summer. 02 79 02 06 Capricornids 106 Jul. 8 Jul.-Aug. 5 20:44 (311) -15 - 1.2 Jul. 8 11 22.2 2.1 22 11 18.1 6.1 21 54 Bright yellow-blue meteors. May have three 113 Jul. 15 0.6 Jul. 15 18 00 21 00 64 maxima and multiple radiant. 123 Jul. 26 Jul. 26 29 02 22 03 06 δ-Aquarids 126 Jul. 29 Jul.15- 20 22:36 (339) -17 +0.8 +0.18 1.0 2.2 Jul. 29 2 21.6 2.6 23 09 18.2 6.0 23 44 Fine southern shower with double radiant. S. 134 Aug. 6 Aug.20 10 23:04 (346) +02 +1.0 +0.2 2.1 Aug. 6 10 01 19 02 72 component is the richer. Meteors tend to be 03 20 05 49 faint. Favourable. Piscis 128 Jul. 31 Jul. 15-Aug. 5 22:40 (340) -30 ? 2.1 Jul. 31 4 21.5 2.7 00 03 18.3 6.0 23 51 Southern shower in need of observation. Australids 20 01 07 02 85 02 08 05 53

α-Capricornids 130 Aug. 2-3 Jul. 15-Aug. 5 20:36 (309) -10 +0.9 +0.3 - 23.9 Aug. 2 6 21.4 2.8 22 23 18.3 5.9 23 43 Maxima at λ☼ =123°, 129°, 137°. Long, slow 20 00 28 02 65 fireballs are often seen. Favourable. 02 22 05 41 ι-Aquarids 134 Aug. 6 Jul.-Aug. 8 22:10 (333) -15 +1.07 +0.18 1.0? 1.6 Aug. 6 10 21.2 2.9 22 12 18.3 5.9 22 38 Rich in faint meteors. Double radiant. 22:04 (331) -06 +1.03 +0.13 1.1 00 21 01 68 Quite favourable. 02 22 04 52 Perseids 140.0 Aug 13d 00h Jul. 23-Aug. 80+ 03:13 (048) +58 +1.35 +0.12 0.5 5.7 Aug. 13 17 21.0 3.2 21 27 - - - - Rich shower of fast meteors. High proportion 20 00 44 of bright events leaving persistent trains. 03 66 Unfavourable. Piscids 166 Sep. 9 Sep.-Oct. 10 00:36 (009) +07 ? 1.3 Sep. 9 14 19.7 4.1 21 21 18.7 5.2 21 16 Another multiple-radiant ecliptic complex with 178 Sep. 21 5 00:24 (006) 00 0.3 Sep. 21 26 00 42 low rates. 200 Oct. 13 ? 01:44 (026) +14 0.1 Oct. 13 19 03 41 Orionids 209 Oct. 21-24 Oct. 16-30 25 06:24 (096) +15 +1.23 +0.13 1.0 4.5 Oct. 22 28 18.1 5.4 00 26 19.3 4.2 00 09 Fast meteors, many with persistent trains. Flat 02 43 02 29 maximum, with several sub-peaks. Good in 04 53 04 40 2006. Very favourable.

Taurids (S) 223 Nov. 5 Oct. 20-Nov. 10 03:44 (056) +14 +0.79 +0.15 ? 0.6 Nov. 5 12 17.7 5.7 21 33 19.5 3.9 21 19 Slow meteors. Double radiant. Broad peak λA (N) 230 Nov. 12 30 03:44 (056) +22 +0.76 +0.10 0.6 Nov. 12 19 00 51 00 36 =220°-230°. Sometimes more bright events, as 03 42 03 30 in 2005. Unfavourable. Leonids 235.4 Nov. 18d 01h Nov. 15-20 20? 10:08 (152) +22 +0.07 -0.42 0.5? 6.4 Nov. 18 25 17.4 6.1 01 23 19.8 3.7 02 05 Very fast meteors, many with persistent trains. 03 41 03 15 Enhanced activity unlikely until the late 2020s, 05 56 04 24 but observations still important. Favourable. Puppids-Velids 257 Dec. 9 Nov. 27-Jan 15 09:00 (135) -48 ? 6.4 Dec. 9 17 - - - - 20.2 3.5 23 13 Two of several radiants in Puppis, Vela and 274 Dec. 26 09:20 (140) -65 Dec. 26 4 01 31 Carina from November to January. 03 50 Geminids 262.0 Dec. 14d 07h Dec. 8-17 100+ 07:32 (113) +33 +1.1 -0.07 1.5 1.9 Dec. 14 22 17.2 6.6 21 34 20.2 3.6 23 12 Richest of the annual showers, with slow 00 61 01 22 meteors and a good proportion of bright events. 03 67 03 31 Quite favourable. Ursids 271 Dec. 22-23 Dec. 17-25 10? 14:28 (217) +78 +0.88 -0.45 1.0? 8.4 Dec. 23 1 17.3 6.7 22 41 - - - - Under-observed shower which has produced 02 49 outbursts in 1945, 1982 and 1986. Very 06 61 favourable

96 Meteor Diary BAA Handbook 2014 METEORS METEORS

Radiant Position Latitude 52°N Latitude 35°S Epoch Maximum Daily Motion Twilight Radiant Twilight Radiant

BAA Handbook 2014 Meteor Diary 97 VARIABLE STARS Heliocentric Times of Primary Minima RZ Cassiopeiae: Magnitude 6.2 to 7.7, Duration 4.8 hours h h h h h h Jan. 1 8.6 Feb. 1 10.5 Mar. 2 2.9* Apr. 1 0.1* May 2 1.9* Jun. 2 3.8 2 13.3 2 15.1 3 7.6 2 4.8 3 6.6 3 8.5 3 18.0 3 19.8* 4 12.3 3 9.5 4 11.3 4 13.1 4 22.7* 5 0.5* 5 17.0 4 14.1 5 16.0 5 17.8 6 3.4* 6 5.2* 6 21.7* 5 18.8 6 20.7 6 22.5 7 8.1 7 9.9 8 2.4* 6 23.5* 8 1.4* 8 3.2 8 12.7 8 14.6 9 7.0 8 4.2* 9 6.0 9 7.9 9 17.4 9 19.3* 10 11.7 9 8.9 10 10.7 10 12.6 10 22.1* 10 0.0* 11 16.4 10 13.6 11 15.4 11 17.3 12 2.8* 12 4.6* 12 21.1* 11 18.3 12 20.1 12 21.9 13 7.5 13 9.3 14 1.8* 12 22.9* 14 0.8* 14 2.6 14 12.2 14 14.0 15 6.5 14 3.6* 15 5.5 15 7.3 15 16.9 15 18.7 16 11.2 15 8.3 16 10.2 16 12.0 16 21.5* 16 23.4* 17 15.9 16 13.0 17 14.8 17 16.7 18 2.2* 18 4.1* 18 20.6* 17 17.7 18 19.5 18 21.4 19 6.9 19 8.8 20 1.2* 18 22.4* 20 0.2* 20 2.1 20 11.6 20 13.4 21 5.9 20 3.1* 21 4.9 21 6.7 21 16.3 21 18.1 22 10.6 21 7.7 22 9.6 22 11.4 22 21.0* 22 22.8* 23 15.3 22 12.4 23 14.3 23 16.1 24 1.7* 24 3.5* 24 20.0* 23 17.1 24 19.0 24 20.8 25 6.3* 25 8.2 26 0.7* 24 21.8* 25 23.6* 26 1.5 26 11.0 26 12.9 27 5.3 26 2.5* 27 4.3 27 6.2 27 15.7 27 17.6 28 10.0 27 7.2 28 9.0 28 10.9 29 20.4* 28 22.2* 29 14.7 28 11.9 29 13.7 29 15.5 30 1.1* 30 19.4 29 16.6 30 18.4 30 20.2 31 5.8* 30 21.2 31 23.1 Jul. 2 0.9 Aug. 2 2.8* Sep. 2 4.6 Oct. 2 1.8* Nov. 2 3.6* Dec. 2 0.7* 3 5.6 3 7.4 3 9.3 3 6.4 3 8.3 3 5.4 4 10.3 4 12.1 4 14.0 4 11.1 4 13.0 4 10.1 5 15.0 5 16.8 5 18.7 5 15.8 5 17.6 5 14.8 6 19.7 6 21.5 6 23.3* 6 20.5* 6 22.3* 6 19.5* 8 0.3 8 2.2* 8 4.0* 8 1.2* 8 3.0* 8 0.2* 9 5.0 9 6.9 9 8.7 9 5.9 9 7.7 9 4.9* 10 9.7 10 11.6 10 13.4 10 10.6 10 12.4 10 9.5 11 14.4 11 16.2 11 18.1 11 15.2 11 17.1 11 14.2 12 19.1 12 20.9 12 22.8* 12 19.9 12 21.8* 12 18.9* 13 23.8 14 1.6* 14 3.5* 14 0.6* 14 2.5* 13 23.6* 15 4.5 15 6.3 15 8.1 15 5.3 15 7.1 15 4.3* 16 9.2 16 10.9 16 12.8 16 10.0 16 11.8 16 9.0 17 13.8 17 15.6 17 17.5 17 14.7 17 16.5 17 13.7 18 18.5 18 20.3 18 22.2* 18 19.4 18 21.2* 18 18.4 19 23.1 20 1.0* 20 2.9* 20 0.0* 20 1.9* 19 23.0* 21 3.9 21 5.7 21 7.6 21 4.7* 21 6.6 21 3.7* 22 8.6 22 10.4 22 12.3 22 9.4 22 11.3 22 8.4 23 13.3 23 15.1 23 16.9 23 14.1 23 16.0 23 13.1 24 18.0 24 19.7 24 21.6* 24 18.8 24 20.6* 24 17.8 25 22.6 26 0.4* 26 2.3* 25 23.5* 26 1.3* 25 22.5* 27 3.3 27 5.1 27 7.0 27 4.2* 27 6.0 27 3.2* 28 8.0 28 9.8 28 11.7 28 8.8 28 10.7 28 7.8 29 12.7 29 14.5 29 16.4 29 13.5 29 15.4 29 12.5 30 17.4 30 19.2 30 21.1* 30 18.2 30 20.1* 30 17.2 31 22.1 31 23.9* 31 22.9* 31 21.9*

Minima marked with an asterisk (*) are favourable from the British Isles, taking into account the altitude of the variable and the distance of the Sun below the horizon (based on longitude 0° and latitude 52° N).

Heliocentric times must be UTC corrected for the light-time to the Sun. To calculate this use the program on the Computing Section website. http://britastro.org/computing/applets_dt.html

98 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2014 VARIABLE STARS

b Persei (Algol): Magnitude 2.1 to 3.4, Duration 9.6 hours h h h h h h Jan. 3 4.6* Feb. 3 17.6 Mar. 1 12.9 Apr. 2 1.9* May 3 14.9 Jun. 1 7.0 6 1.4* 6 14.4 4 9.7 4 22.7* 6 11.7 4 3.9 8 22.2* 9 11.2 7 6.5 7 19.5 9 8.5 7 0.7* 11 19.0* 12 8.0 10 3.4* 10 16.3 12 5.3 9 21.5 14 15.9 15 4.8* 13 0.2* 13 13.2 15 2.1* 12 18.3 17 12.7 18 1.6* 15 21.0* 16 10.0 17 23.0* 15 15.1 20 9.5 20 22.5* 18 17.8 19 6.8 20 19.8 18 12.0 23 6.3 23 19.3 21 14.6 22 3.6* 23 16.6 21 8.8 26 3.1* 26 16.1 24 11.4 25 0.4* 26 13.4 24 5.6 28 23.9* 27 8.3 27 21.2 29 10.2 27 2.4 31 20.7* 30 5.1 30 18.1 29 23.2

Jul. 2 20.0 Aug. 3 9.0 Sep. 1 1.2* Oct. 2 14.2 Nov. 3 3.1* Dec. 1 19.3 5 16.8 6 5.8 3 22.0* 5 11.0 5 0.0* 4 16.1 8 13.7 9 2.8* 6 18.8 8 7.8 8 20.8* 7 12.9 11 10.5 11 23.5* 9 15.6 11 4.6* 11 17.6 10 9.8 14 7.3 14 20.3 12 12.4 14 1.4* 14 14.4 13 6.6* 17 4.1 17 17.1 15 9.3 16 22.2* 17 11.2 16 3.4* 20 0.9* 20 13.9 18 6.1 19 19.1 20 8.0 19 0.2* 22 21.7 23 10.7 21 2.9* 22 15.9 23 4.9* 21 21.0* 25 18.6 26 7.5 23 23.7* 25 12.7 26 1.7* 24 17.8 28 15.4 29 4.4* 26 20.5 28 9.5 28 22.5* 27 14.7 31 12.2 29 17.3 31 6.3 30 11.5

l Tauri: Magnitude 3.4 to 3.9, Duration 14.2 hours h h h h h h Jan. 2 22.1* Feb. 3 13.1 Mar. 3 5.2 Apr. 3 20.1 May 1 12.2 Jun. 2 3.2 6 21.0* 7 12.0 7 4.0* 7 19.0 5 11.1 6 2.1 10 19.9* 11 10.8 11 2.9* 11 17.9 9 10.0 10 0.9 14 18.7 15 9.7 15 1.8* 15 16.7 13 8.8 13 23.8 18 17.6 19 8.6 19 0.7* 19 15.6 17 7.7 17 22.7 22 16.5 23 7.4 22 23.5* 23 14.5 21 6.6 21 21.5 26 15.3 27 6.3 26 22.4* 27 13.4 25 5.5 25 20.4 30 14.2 30 21.3 29 4.3 29 19.3

Jul. 3 18.2 Aug. 4 9.1 Sep. 1 1.2* Oct. 2 16.2 Nov. 3 7.1 Dec. 4 22.1* 7 17.0 8 8.0 5 0.1* 6 15.0 7 6.0 8 21.0* 11 15.9 12 6.9 8 23.0* 10 13.9 11 4.9* 12 19.8* 15 14.8 16 5.7 12 21.8* 14 12.8 15 3.8* 16 18.7 19 13.6 20 4.6 16 20.7 18 11.7 19 2.6* 20 17.6 23 12.5 24 3.5 20 19.6 22 10.5 23 1.5* 24 16.5 27 11.4 28 2.3* 24 18.4 26 9.4 27 0.4* 28 15.3 31 10.2 28 17.3 30 8.3 30 23.2*

BAA Handbook 2014 Variable Stars 99 MIRA STARS Approximate dates of maxima and minima for Mira stars on the programme of the BAA Variable Star Sec- tion are given below, together with the mean visual range, period, and fraction of the period taken in rising from minimum to maximum for each star. The predictions, which are subject to inevitable uncertainty, use data from the American Association of Variable Star Observers.

Star Range Period Max-Min Date of Max. Date of Min. Max Min d Period R And 6.9 14.3 409 0.38 Jan. Sep./Oct. W And 7.4 13.7 396 0.42 Dec. Jun./Jul. RW And 8.7 14.8 430 0.36 May. - R Aqr 6.5 10.3 387 0.42 Feb./Mar. Sep./Oct. R Aql 6.1 11.5 284 0.42 Mar., Dec. Aug. UV Aur* 7.4 10.6 394 0.50 May/Jun. Dec. V Cam 9.9 15.4 522 0.31 Sep. Apr X Cam 8.1 12.6 144 0.49 Mar., Jul./Aug., Dec. May, Oct. SU Cnc* 10.5 <15.4 187 0.43 Jun., Dec. Mar./Apr.,Sep./Oct. U CVn 9.9 14.6 346 0.37 Oct./Nov. Jun. RT CVn* 9.9 <15.0 254 0.45 Mar./Apr., Dec. Aug. S Cas 9.7 14.8 612 0.43 Feb. - T Cas 7.9 11.9 445 0.56 Oct./Nov. Feb./Mar. ο Cet 3.4 9.3 332 0.38 Jun. Jan./Feb. R Com 8.5 14.2 363 0.38 Aug. Mar./Apr. S CrB 7.3 12.9 360 0.35 Aug. Apr. V CrB 7.5 11.0 358 0.41 Oct./Nov. Jun. W CrB 8.5 13.5 238 0.45 Jul./Aug. Apr., Nov./Dec. R Cyg 7.5 13.9 426 0.35 Oct. May/Jun. S Cyg 10.3 16.0 323 0.50 Mar./Apr. Sep. V Cyg 9.1 12.8 421 0.46 Nov./Dec. May. χ Cyg 5.2 13.4 408 0.41 Jun./Jul. Jan. T Dra 9.6 12.3 422 0.44 Jan./Feb. Jul./Aug. RU Her 8.0 13.7 485 0.43 - Aug. SS Her 9.2 12.4 107 0.48 Mar./Apr., Jul./Sep. Feb., May/Jun., Sep. Nov. R Hya 4.5 9.5 389 0.49 2014 Dec./2015 Jan. Jun. SU Lac* 10.3 <15.0 302 0.40 Jun. Feb., Dec. RS Leo* 9.7 <15.5 208 0.31 Jun./Jul. Apr./May, Nov./Dec. W Lyn 9.9 ≈15 295 0.40 Apr./May 2013 Dec./2014 Jan., Oct. X Lyn 10.2 ≈15 321 0.40 Oct./Nov. Jun./Jul. X Oph 6.8 8.8 329 0.53 Jul./Aug. Jan./Feb., 2014 Dec./2015 Jan. U Ori 6.3 12.0 368 0.38 Mar./Apr. Nov. R Ser 6.9 13.4 356 0.41 Jul./Aug. Mar. T UMa 7.7 12.9 257 0.41 Aug./Sep. May

* Extreme range is given < Fainter than ≈ Approximately

100 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2014 VARIABLE STAR OF THE YEAR

Variable Star of the Year – X Ophiuchi

X Oph is a rare example of a binary system containing a Mira-Type variable (also often referred to as a Long Period Variable) and a non-variable companion. As a consequence of the non-variable companion being brighter for the majority of the time, the visible variation of the system is approximately one third of the real variation of the variable component. This means that X Oph is the Mira Type with the smallest apparent range and brightest apparent minimum magnitude.

X Oph was discovered to be variable by T.H.E.C. Espin who noted its red colour with his 17.25 inch reflector at the Liverpool Astronomical Society Observatory at Darlington on 26 April 1886. Espin estimated its magnitude as 7.7; discrepant with Argelander’s catalogue value of 8.8. Espin then recorded a rise to 6.8 by June followed by a fade back to 8.2 by August.

L. Campbell analysed data for the period 1904 to 1921 at Harvard College Observatory and calcu- lated a mean period of 337 days with a rise to maximum being 148 days and fade to minimum being 189 days. The mean period measured between 1886 and 1989 (113 cycles) was 334 days.

W.J Hussey found X Oph to be a double star using the 36 inch refractor at Lick Observatory in 1900. Hussey visually measured a separation of 0.22" in an almost north-south direction. The north component is understood to be the variable and the orbital period of the binary system is in the order of 485 years.

On the assumption that the variable contributes negligible light at minimum, the constant star is magnitude 8.4 which is the mean minimum measured by G.B. Lacchini in the period 1914-1931 and K. Burns in 1941-1945. This is also confirmed by recent BAA VSS data and is illustrated on the accompanying light curve (see page 102). This means that an integrated magnitude of 7.7 is the point when the variable component is equal to the constant companion and X Oph spends only one third of the time above this brightness level. If the constant star was removed from the system, the range of X Oph would increase to 5 magnitudes and the minimum would radically change from 8.4 to below 12.

It is quite normal for Mira-Type variables to go deeper red when at minimum light but in the case of X Oph the opposite is true because the variable component is spectral class M6e whilst the constant star is spectral class K1 (the red variable contributes most of the light at maximum whilst the orange constant star completely dominates at minimum).

The system is approximately 300 pc distant with a total mass of 4.5 solar masses. The variable component consists of one third of the total mass and the components are physically separated by 64 au.

X Oph lies roughly between Altair (α Aql) and Rasalhague (α Oph) at the end of the Cygnus Rift part of the Milky Way. In binoculars it forms a triangle with the prominent open clusters IC 4756 and NGC 6633 lying 3° to the south. Binoculars are sufficient to follow X Oph throughout its range but it is advisable to use fairly large magnifying (x12 or x15) binoculars when using comparison stars G and K to ensure they are clearly separated from other nearby stars. Being 31° north of the ecliptic, X Oph can be followed all year round from the British Isles although it is engulfed in twilight when low in the sky and for a short spell around New Year.

Observers who manage observations every 10 days throughout a full calendar year are guaranteed an interesting light curve, including a long curved minimum and a short maximum similar to that shown on the accompanying light curve.

BAA Handbook 2014 Variable Stars 101 X OPHIUCHI LIGHT CURVE X OPHIUCHI LIGHT

102 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2014 X OPHIUCHI FINDER CHART

BAA Handbook 2014 Variable Stars 103 EPHEMERIDES OF DOUBLE STARS Inspection of the two-point ephemeris will indicate whether a pair is closing, relatively static, or opening up, and whether motion is direct or retrograde. A fast-mover of long period is probably near periastron, while a slow-mover of short period is likely to be near apastron. The orbital elements employed for the computation are those published in the Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars, by William I. Hartkopf and Brian D. Mason, U.S. Naval Observatory: http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/orb6.html 2000.0 2014.0 2015.0 Star Name ADS RA Dec. Mags. Period PA Dist. PA Dist. h m ° ′ y ° ″ ° ″

85 Peg 17175 0 02.2 +27 05 5.8 8.9 26 322.9 0.49 356.2 0.36 OΣ 4 221 0 16.7 +36 29 7.9 9.9 109 50.7 0.16 38.3 0.16 λ Cas 434 0 31.8 +54 31 5.3 5.6 536 328.1 0.07 346.5 0.10 β 395 520 0 37.3 -24 46 6.2 6.6 25 108.8 0.77 110.9 0.78 η Cas 671 0 49.1 +57 49 3.5 7.4 480 323.3 13.32 323.7 13.35

36 And 755 0 55.0 +23 38 6.1 6.5 168 328.1 1.10 329.2 1.12 Howe 4 1223 1 33.7 -12 13 9.2 9.3 146 331.5 0.93 331.3 0.93 Dunlop 5 .. 1 39.8 -56 12 5.8 5.9 484 187.5 11.70 187.2 11.71 Σ 186 1538 1 55.9 + 1 51 6.8 6.8 166 69.4 0.77 70.2 0.75 α Psc 1615 2 02.0 + 2 46 4.1 5.2 933 261.7 1.76 261.0 1.75

10 Ari 1631 2 03.7 +25 56 5.8 7.9 325 346.1 1.48 346.6 1.50 Σ 228 1709 2 14.0 +47 29 6.6 7.2 144 298.5 0.73 300.2 0.71 h 3494 .. 2 19.8 -35 27 9.0 9.1 475 243.3 2.26 242.8 2.28 ι Cas AB 1860 2 29.1 +67 24 4.6 6.9 620 228.4 2.62 228.2 2.62 Σ 305 2122 2 47.5 +19 22 7.5 8.2 720 306.1 3.72 306.0 3.73

α For 2402 3 12.1 -28 59 4.0 7.2 269 300.2 5.33 300.3 5.35 Σ 367 2416 3 14.0 + 0 44 8.1 8.2 790 128.2 1.15 127.8 1.16 7 Tau 2616 3 34.4 +24 28 6.6 6.9 522 352.0 0.74 351.7 0.75 OΣ 65 2799 3 50.3 +25 35 5.7 6.5 61 200.4 0.39 200.9 0.42 40 Eri BC 3093 4 15.3 - 7 39 9.5 11.2v 252 332.9 9.09 332.6 9.06

OΣ 77 AB 3082 4 15.9 +31 42 8.0 8.2 188 299.0 0.52 300.2 0.52 Hu 445 3614 5 01.7 +20 50 8.4 9.3 166 144.4 0.37 146.4 0.36 14 Ori 3711 5 07.9 + 8 30 5.8 6.7 197 292.6 0.92 290.9 0.94 η Gem 4841 6 14.9 +22 30 3.5v 6.2 474 252.9 1.60 252.7 1.61 OΣ 149 1 5234 6 36.4 +27 17 7.1 9.0 119 283.8 0.74 282.8 0.74

12 Lyn AB 5400 6 46.2 +59 27 5.4 6.0 908 67.3 1.89 66.9 1.90 14 Lyn 5514 6 53.1 +59 27 6.0 6.5 316 346.2 0.27 348.4 0.28 α Gem 6175 7 34.6 +31 53 1.9 3.0 467 55.3 4.95 54.7 5.02 9 Pup 6420 7 51.8 -13 54 5.6 6.5 23 292.3 0.56 294.3 0.56 ζ Cnc AB 6650 8 12.2 +17 39 5.3 6.2 60 23.6 1.11 20.2 1.12

ζ Cnc AB-C 6650 8 12.2 +17 39 5.1 6.2 1115 66.7 5.92 66.3 5.93 β 208 6914 8 39.1 -22 40 5.4 6.8 123 47.8 0.74 49.8 0.68 I 314 .. 8 39.4 -36 36 6.4 7.9 66 242.3 0.80 242.0 0.82 δ Vel .. 8 44.7 -54 43 2.1 5.1 147 250.2 0.39 236.1 0.42 ε Hya AB-C 6993 8 46.8 + 6 25 3.5 6.7 990 307.7 2.90 308.4 2.90

Σ 1338 7307 9 21.0 +38 11 6.7 7.1 303 311.3 1.01 313.0 1.00 ω Leo 7390 9 28.5 + 9 03 5.7 7.3 118 108.1 0.80 109.3 0.82 γ Sex 7555 9 52.5 - 8 06 5.4 6.4 78 44.8 0.55 43.5 0.54 γ Leo 7724 10 20.0 +19 50 2.4 3.6 510 126.1 4.62 126.2 4.63 β 411 7846 10 36.1 –26 41 6.7 7.8 170 306.1 1.39 305.7 1.39

104 Double Stars BAA Handbook 2014 EPHEMERIDES OF DOUBLE STARS 2000.0 2014.0 2015.0 Star Name ADS RA Dec. Mags. Period PA Dist. PA Dist. h m ° ′ y ° ″ ° ″

ξ UMa AB 8119 11 18.2 +31 32 4.3 4.8 60 183.2 1.72 177.0 1.78 ι Leo 8148 11 23.9 +10 32 4.1 6.7 186 96.8 2.08 95.9 2.10 BrsO 5 .. 11 24.7 –61 39 7.7 8.8 399 247.8 7.46 248.0 7.50 OΣ 235 8197 11 32.3 +61 05 5.7 7.6 73 32.4 0.87 34.9 0.89 Σ 1639 8539 12 24.4 +25 35 6.7 7.8 575 323.2 1.82 323.1 1.82

β 28 8573 12 30.1 –13 24 6.5 9.6 151 344.2 2.20 344.9 2.20 γ Cen .. 12 41.5 –48 58 2.8 2.9 84 227.9 0.15 196.4 0.19 γ Vir 8630 12 41.7 – 1 27 3.5 3.5 169 8.4 2.11 6.0 2.27 35 Com 8695 12 53.3 +21 15 5.2 7.1 359 199.6 1.03 200.7 1.03 I 83 .. 12 56.7 –47 41 7.4 7.7 191 234.4 0.89 234.7 0.89

78 UMa 8739 13 00.7 +56 22 5.0 7.9 105 112.0 0.95 115.5 0.90 A1609 AB 8901 13 25.8 +44 30 8.8 9.5 44 48.8 0.40 53.0 0.38 25 CVn 8974 13 37.5 +36 18 5.0 7.0 228 95.3 1.70 95.1 1.70 α Cen .. 14 39.6 –60 50 0.1 1.2 80 276.1 4.42 288.4 4.12 ξ Boo 9343 14 41.1 +13 44 4.5 4.6 124 291.3 0.46 290.2 0.43

φ309 .. 14 46.2 –21 11 7.3 7.3 13 133.5 0.29 141.2 0.28 ξ Boo 9413 14 51.4 +19 06 4.8v 7.0 152 304.0 5.72 302.8 5.64 OΣ 288 9425 14 53.4 +15 42 6.9 7.6 313 159.2 1.02 158.6 1.01 H4707 .. 14 54.2 –66 25 7.5 8.1 346 270.0 1.16 269.3 1.18 44 Boo 9494 15 03.8 +47 39 5.2 6.1v 210 65.2 1.13 67.2 0.98

η CrB 9617 15 23.2 +30 17 5.6 6.0 42 198.4 0.66 205.9 0.64 γ Lup .. 15 35.1 –41 10 3.0 4.4 190 276.6 0.83 276.5 0.83 π2 UMi 9769 15 39.6 +79 59 7.3 8.2 172 22.2 0.62 21.9 0.62 ξ Sco AB 9909 16 04.4 –11 22 4.9 5.2 46 2.3 1.05 3.9 1.07 σ CrB AB 9979 16 14.7 +33 52 5.6 6.5 726 238.0 7.17 238.1 7.19

λ Oph 10087 16 30.9 + 1 59 4.2 5.2 129 40.2 1.44 41.1 1.43 ζ Her 10157 16 41.3 +31 36 3.0 5.4 34 145.4 1.19 137.9 1.21 20 Dra 10279 16 56.4 +65 02 7.1 7.3 422 66.8 1.15 66.7 1.15 MlbO 4 AB .. 17 19.0 –34 59 6.4 7.4 42 155.9 1.22 145.7 1.12 BrsO 13 .. 17 19.1 –46 38 5.6 8.9 693 257.3 10.15 257.5 10.22

26 Dra 10660 17 35.0 +61 53 5.3 8.5 76 300.7 0.60 291.8 0.49 τ Oph 11005 18 03.1 – 8 11 5.3 5.9 257 286.5 1.56 286.9 1.55 70 Oph 11046 18 05.5 + 2 30 4.2 6.2 88 127.1 6.17 126.2 6.27 h 5014 .. 18 06.8 –43 25 5.6 5.7 450 0.5 1.73 0.0 1.73 OΣ 358 11483 18 35.9 +16 59 6.9 7.1 380 147.0 1.51 146.5 1.51

ε1 Lyr AB 11635 18 44.3 +39 40 5.0 6.1 1804 346.2 2.28 345.9 2.27 ε2 Lyr CD 11635 18 44.4 +39 37 5.2 5.4 724 76.5 2.38 76.0 2.38 γ CrA .. 19 06.4 –37 04 4.5 6.4 122 353.8 1.39 349.3 1.40 δ Cyg 12880 19 45.0 +45 08 2.9 6.3 918 217.8 2.72 217.3 2.73 λ Cyg 14296 20 47.4 +36 29 4.7 6.3 391 0.5 0.92 0.1 0.92

4 Aqr 14360 20 51.4 – 5 38 6.4 7.4 194 30.0 0.72 30.9 0.71 ε Equ AB 14499 20 59.1 + 4 18 6.0 6.3 101 282.7 0.30 282.2 0.25 τ Cyg 14787 21 14.8 +38 03 3.8 6.6 50 211.0 0.88 205.9 0.91 μ Cyg 15270 21 44.1 +28 45 4.8 6.2 789 320.1 1.58 321.0 1.56 53 Aqr 15934 22 26.6 –16 45 6.3 6.4 3500 56.1 1.27 60.5 1.27

Kr 60 15972 22 28.0 +57 42 9.6 11.4v 45 322.3 1.43 301.8 1.40 ζ Aqr AB 15971 22 28.8 –0 01 4.3 4.5 487 166.1 2.22 164.9 2.25 π Cep 16538 23 07.9 +75 23 4.6 6.8 163 358.6 1.12 359.4 1.12 β 80 16665 23 18.9 +5 24 8.4 9.4 97 241.0 0.66 243.5 0.69 72 Peg 16836 23 34.0 +31 20 5.7 6.1 492 103.3 0.57 104.0 0.57

BAA Handbook 2014 Double Stars 105 BRIGHT STARS FOR EPOCH 2014.5 Name RA Dec. V Name RA Dec. V h m s º ' " h m s º ' " α And 0 09 08.4 +29 10 14 2.07 α UMa 11 04 36.7 +61 40 21 1.81 β Cas* 0 09 57.6 +59 13 47 2.28 β Leo 11 49 47.9 +14 29 27 2.14 α Cas 0 41 20.3 +56 37 00 2.24 α1 Cru** 12 27 24.9 -63 10 46 0.77 β Cet 0 44 19.0 -17 54 26 2.04 γ Cru* 12 31 58.7 -57 11 39 1.59 β And 1 10 32.9 +35 41 49 2.07 γ Cen** 12 42 19.4 -49 02 21 2.20

α Eri 1 38 15.1 -57 09 48 0.45 β Cru* 12 48 34.7 -59 46 04 1.25 γ And 2 04 47.7 +42 23 55 2.10 ε UMa* 12 54 39.8 +55 52 53 1.76 α Ari 2 07 59.6 +23 31 49 2.01 ζ UMa 13 24 30.4 +54 51 00 2.23 α UMi* 2 49 32.8 +89 19 33 1.97 α Vir* 13 25 57.5 -11 14 12 0.98 β Per* 3 09 07.1 +41 00 38 2.09 ε Cen 13 40 48.9 -53 32 22 2.29

α Per 3 25 21.9 +49 54 42 1.79 η UMa 13 48 06.6 +49 14 29 1.85 η Tau 3 48 21.0 +24 08 56 2.85 β Cen* 14 04 51.5 -60 26 32 0.61 α Tau 4 36 45.3 +16 32 14 0.87 θ Cen 14 07 32.4 -36 26 26 2.06 β Ori 5 15 14.1 -8 11 09 0.18 α Boo 14 16 19.4 +19 06 27 -0.05 α Aur* 5 17 45.8 +46 00 40 0.08 η Cen* 14 36 26.0 -42 13 14 2.33

γ Ori 5 25 54.6 +6 21 42 1.64 α Cen cg* 14 40 35.7 -60 53 40 -0.28 β Tau 5 27 12.6 +28 37 06 1.65 α Lup* 14 42 54.0 -47 26 58 2.30 δ Ori* 5 32 44.9 -0 17 22 2.25 ε Boo 14 45 37.2 +27 00 49 2.35 ε Ori 5 36 57.0 -1 11 37 1.69 β UMi 14 50 40.6 +74 05 46 2.07 ζ Ori 5 41 29.5 -1 56 09 1.74 α CrB* 15 35 18.1 +26 40 00 2.22

κ Ori 5 48 26.7 -9 39 56 2.07 δ Sco 16 01 11.6 -22 39 43 2.29 α Ori* 5 55 57.4 +7 24 31 0.45 α Sco* 16 30 17.9 -26 27 47 1.06 β Aur* 6 00 35.6 +44 56 51 1.90 α TrA 16 50 12.7 -69 03 08 1.91 β CMa* 6 23 20.3 -17 57 50 1.98 ε Sco 16 51 06.3 -34 19 06 2.29 α Car 6 24 16.4 -52 42 15 -0.62 λ Sco* 17 34 35.7 -37 06 47 1.62

γ Gem 6 38 32.9 +16 23 08 1.93 α Oph 17 35 36.5 +12 33 02 2.08 α CMa 6 45 47.0 -16 44 13 -1.44 θ Sco 17 38 21.7 -43 00 20 1.86 ε CMa 6 59 11.8 -28 59 33 1.50 γ Dra 17 56 56.6 +51 29 16 2.24 δ CMa 7 08 58.9 -26 25 01 1.83 ε Sgr 18 25 08.0 -34 22 35 1.79 α Gem** 7 35 31.4 +31 51 20 1.58 α Lyr 18 37 25.8 +38 47 52 0.03

α CMi 7 40 03.7 +5 11 13 0.40 α Sgr 18 56 09.8 -26 16 39 2.05 β Gem 7 46 12.1 +27 59 24 1.16 β Cyg** 19 31 18.4 +27 59 27 3.08 ζ Pup 8 04 05.6 -40 02 41 2.21 α Aql 19 51 29.4 +8 54 27 0.76 γ Vel* 8 09 58.8 -47 22 47 1.75 γ Cyg 20 22 44.9 +40 18 13 2.23 ε Car* 8 22 48.6 -59 33 23 1.86 α Pav 20 26 47.2 -56 41 14 1.94

δ Vel 8 45 06.3 -54 45 45 1.93 α Cyg 20 41 55.6 +45 19 58 1.25 λ Vel* 9 08 31.8 -43 29 30 2.23 α Cep 21 18 55.5 +62 38 50 2.45 β Car 9 13 21.2 -69 46 37 1.67 ε Peg* 21 44 53.9 +9 56 31 2.38 ι Car* 9 17 28.7 -59 20 11 2.21 α Gru 22 09 08.4 -46 53 25 1.73 α Hya 9 28 18.0 -8 43 19 1.99 β Gru* 22 43 31.6 -46 48 30 2.07

α Leo 10 09 08.6 +11 53 45 1.36 α PsA 22 58 26.9 -29 32 42 1.17 γ Leo** 10 20 46.2 +19 46 04 2.01 β Peg* 23 04 28.8 +28 09 42 2.44 β UMa 11 2 42.5 +56 18 16 2.34 α Peg 23 05 29.0 +15 17 01 2.49

* = Variable star † = Double star Note: For double stars the co-ordinates refer to the brighter component but magnitude refers to the combined light.

106 Bright Stars BAA Handbook 2014 ACTIVE GALAXIES

Object RA (2000.0) Dec. Const. Type V* U.2000 h m ° Chart No. 3C 66A 2 22 +43.0 And BL Lac 14.0 – 16.3 62 NGC 1275 3 20 +41.5 Per Seyfert 13.2 – 13.7 63 3C 120 (BW Tau) 4 33 +5.4 Tau BL Lac 13.7 – 14.6 178 S5 0716+71 7 22 +71.3 Cam BL Lac 12.3 – 15.3 21 OJ+287 8 54 +20.1 Cnc BL Lac 12.4 – 16.0 142 Markarian 421 11 04 +38.2 UMa BL Lac 12.3 – 14.2 106 NGC 4151 12 10 +39.4 CVn Seyfert 11.0 – 12.4 74 W Comae 12 21 +28.2 Com BL Lac 11.5 – 16.0 148 3C 273 12 26 +2.3 Vir Quasar 12.3 – 13.3 238 3C 279 12 56 -5.8 Vir Quasar 11.5 – 17.0 239 BL Lacertae 22 02 +42.3 Lac BL Lac 12.5 – 15.5 87

*Approximate range

FINDER CHARTS FOR ACTIVE GALAXIES

Charts for all of the active galaxies listed above have been included in previous BAA Handbooks and are listed below.

Object BAA VSS Chart Handbook Year

3C 66A 309.01 2010 NGC1275 296.01 2008 BW Tau 320.01 2011 S5 0716+71 310.01 2009 OJ+287 208.02 2004 Markarian 421 243.01 2001 NGC4151 297.01 2007 W Com 148.03 2002 3C 273 244.01 2003 3C 279 151.02 2006 BL Lac 242.01 2005

Direct links to individual BAA VSS charts for the Active Galaxies can be downloaded from the Computing Section website at: http://britastro.org/computing/handbooks_active.html

BAA Handbook 2014 Active Galaxies 107 PLANETS The ephemerides of all the planets (except the dwarf planets and the minor planets), and also the diagrams for Uranus and Neptune, are referred to the apparent equinox, so that the RA and Dec. required for setting on the telescope are obtained directly from the ephemeris. For the minor planets and comets, astrometric ephemerides referred to the equinox of 2000.0 are given. Thus they are directly comparable with star catalogues and atlases referred to this epoch; however, precession should be applied to their positions before setting on a telescope. The magnitudes given are visual. For the minor planets, it should be noted that photographic magnitudes are fainter by about 0.7. The Sky Diary lists other phenomena in chronological order. Relative positions in the Diary are geocentric. Some headings in the tables are abbreviated, as follows: a = Length of semi-major axis of orbit au CM = The longitude of central meridian °

DE = Planetocentric declination of the Earth (called ‘Tilt’ in previous Handbooks) °

DS = Planetocentric declination of the Sun ° e = Eccentricity of orbit Elong. = Elongation of the planet from the Sun (where + is east and - is west) ° H Mean absolute asteroid magnitude i = Inclination

LS = The planetocentric longitude of the Sun, measured in the plane of the orbit from its ascending node on the Martian equator and given as a direct and exact indicator of the Martian season. The Martian Vernal

Equinox (N. Hemisphere) occurs when LS = 0°. ° M = Mean anomaly at the epoch ° V = Visual magnitude Node = Longitude of the ascending node ° P = Position angle of the axis of rotation, or of an occultation, measured eastwards from the north point of the disk ° Peri. = Argument of perihelion ° Ph. = Phase, the fraction of the disk area that is illuminated Q = Position angle of the point of greatest defect of illumination. The position angle of the line of cusps is Q±90°. r = Heliocentric distance au U Uncertainty code Δ = Distance from Earth au

λ☼ = Solar longitude ° Longitudes of central meridians refer to the geometric disks.

108 Planets BAA Handbook 2014 ELEMENTS OF PLANETARY ORBITS EMENTS OF PLANETARY ORBITS

MEAN ELEMENTS FOR THE EPOCH 2014 JAN. 0.5 TT

Mean Longitude Inclination at the of the of the to the Mean Planet Epoch Perihelion Ascending Ecliptic Eccentricity Distance Node L ϖ Ω i e a º º º º Mercury 296.575 77.674 48.497 7.005 0.20563 0.387 Venus 93.869 131.760 76.806 3.395 0.00677 0.723 Earth 100.081 103.178 ...... 0.01670 1.000 Mars 155.008 336.318 49.666 1.850 0.09341 1.524 Jupiter 99.392 14.557 100.607 1.302 0.04852 5.203 Saturn 221.352 93.332 113.788 2.488 0.05550 9.555 Uranus 14.230 173.213 74.079 0.773 0.04638 19.218 Neptune 335.129 48.320 131.938 1.769 0.00946 30.110

Sidereal Mean Mean Perihelion Aphelion Mean Daily Sidereal Synodic Orbital Distance Distance Motion Period Period Velocity q Q n P ° d d km/s Mercury 0.30750 0.46670 4.09234 87.9688 115.88 47.87 Venus 0.71844 0.72822 1.60214 224.699 583.91 35.02 Earth 0.98330 1.0167 0.98561 365.256 .. 29.78 Mars 1.3813 1.6660 0.52404 686.969 779.95 24.13 Jupiter 4.9502 5.4550 0.08306 4334.39 398.87 13.06 Saturn 9.0246 10.085 0.03337 10787.9 378.06 9.64 Uranus 18.327 20.110 0.01170 30773.3 369.64 6.79 Neptune 29.826 30.395 0.00597 60349.2 367.48 5.43

All elements are referred to the mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000.0

BAA Handbook 2014 Elements of Planetary Orbits 109 ASTRONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Gaussian gravitational constant 0.01720209895 Astronomical unit (au) 149,597,870,700 metres Speed of light in vacuo 299,792.458 km s-1 Dynamical form-factor J2 for the Earth 0.001082636 Product of gravitational constant and mass of the Earth 398,600.5 km3 s-2 Earth-Moon mass ratio 81.3006 Moon’s sidereal mean motion 2.661699489x10-6 radians s-1 = 0.5490149294" s-1 Obliquity of the ecliptic (2000) 23° 26' 21.448" Constant of nutation in obliquity (2000) 9.2052331" Solar parallax 8.794143" Light-time for unit distance 499.004784 s = 0.005775518 d Constant of aberration 20.49551" Mean distance Earth to Moon 384,400 km Constant of sine Moon’s parallax 3422.451" Lunar inequality 6.43987" Parallactic inequality 124.986" Length of the year: Tropical (equinox to equinox) 365.24219d Sidereal (fixed star to fixed star) 365.25636d Anomalistic (apse to apse) 365.25964d Eclipse (Moon’s node to Moon’s node) 346.62003d Gaussian (Kepler’s law for a = 1) 365.25690d Length of the month: Tropical (equinox to equinox) 27.32158d Sidereal (fixed star to fixed star) 27.32166d Anomalistic (apse to apse) 27.55455d Draconic (node to node) 27.21222d Synodic (New Moon to New Moon) 29.53059d Length of the day: Mean solar day 24h 03m 56.555s = 1.00273791d mean sidereal time Mean sidereal day 23h 56m 04.091s = 0.99726957d mean solar time Sidereal rotation period of the Earth 23h 56m 04.099s = 0.99726966d mean solar time Solar radiation: Solar constant 1.366 x 103 J m-2 s-1 Radiation emitted 3.84 x 1026 J s-1 Radiation emittance at surface 6.32 x 107 J m-2 s-1 Total internal radiant energy 2.8 x 1040 J Radiation emitted per unit mass 1.932 x 10-4 J s-1 kg-1

Visual absolute magnitude (Mv) +4.82 Colour indices (B-V, U-B) +0.65, +0.19 Spectral type G2V Effective temperature 5,800 K

110 Astronomical and Physical Constants BAA Handbook 2014 ASTRONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS The Galaxy: Pole of galactic plane (2000) 12h 51m 26.28s, δ +27° 07' 42.0" Point of zero longitude (2000) 17h 45m 37.22s, δ -28° 56' 10.2" Galactic Longitude of North Celestial Pole (2000) 122.93° Mass 1.1 x 1011 solar masses = 2.2 x 1041 kg Average density 0.1 solar mass pc-3 = 7 x 10-21 kg m-3 Diameter 25,000 pc Thickness 4,000 pc Distance of Sun from centre 8,200 pc Distance of Sun above galactic plane 24 ±6 pc Solar apex (2000) (from radio astronomy) RA 18h 03.8m , Dec. 30° 00' Solar motion (from bright stars) 19.7 km s-1 Period of revolution of Sun about centre 2.2 x 108 yr Conversion factors: Light-year (ly) 9.4607 x 1012 km = 63,240 au = 0.30660 pc Parsec (pc) 30.857 x 1012 km = 206,265 au = 3.2616 ly Figure of the Earth: Equatorial radius 6,378,136.6 m Polar radius 6,356,751.9 m Flattening 0.0033528197 * ρ sin φ' = S sin φ, ρ cos φ' = C cos φ where: S = 0.99497418 - 0.00167082 cos 2φ +10-8 (210 cos 4φ + 15.7 h) C = 1.00167997 - 0.00168208 cos 2φ +10-8 (212 cos 4φ + 15.7 h) ρ = 0.99832707 + 0.00167644 cos 2φ -10-8 (352 cos 4φ - 15.7 h) + 10-8 cos 6φ tan φ' = 0.9933054 + (0.11 x 10-8 h) tan φ φ - φ' = 692.74" sin 2φ - 1.16" sin 4φ 1° of latitude = [111.1333 - 0.5598 cos 2 φ + 0.0012 cos 4φ] km 1° of longitude = [111.4133 cos φ - 0.0935 cos 3 φ + 0.0001 cos 5φ] km Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.780310 [1 + 0.00530239 sin2φ - 0.00000587 sin2 2φ - (31.55 x 10-8) h] m s-2 Length of seconds pendulum l = [0.9935769 - 0.0026272 cos 2φ + 0.0000029 cos 4φ - (3133 x 10-10) h] m Constant of gravitation 6.67428 x 10-11 kg-1 m3 s-2 Centennial general precession p = 5028.796195" + 2.2108696" T† ______* φ = Geographic or geodetic latitude ρ = Geocentric distance in equatorial radii φ' = Geocentric latitude h = Height in metres † T = Time measured in Julian centuries from J2000.0

BAA Handbook 2014 Astronomical and Physical Constants 111 INTERNET RESOURCES The following internet resources may be of interest to Handbook users. Mention here does not imply that the BAA sanctions the contents of these web pages.Web addresses can change and sites may not always be available. BAA Section home pages can be accessed from the BAA home page (see back cover).

BAA Computing Section website http://britastro.org/computing

Iau Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (main page) http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/index.html

The Astronomer (main page) http://www.theastronomer.org

Astronomical data and catalogues Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/CDS.html National Space Science Data Center (USA) http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov Astronomical Data Archives Center (Japan) http://dbc.nao.ac.jp/index.html.en

The Sun, eclipses and space weather SOHO web site http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov Solar Terrestrial Dispatch http://www.spacew.com Aurorae http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/Aurora Space Weather Prediction Center http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/index.html Space Weather http://www.spaceweather.com NASA Eclipse Home Page http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html Eclipses and Transits http://xjubier.free.fr/en/index_en.html Eclipse maps http://www.eclipse-maps.com/Eclipse-Maps/Welcome.html Eclipse weather http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~jander/ Summary of eclipse-related material http://eclipse.im

Lunar Phases Lunar Terminator Visualisation Tool (LVTV) http://ltvt.wikispaces.com/LTVT+Download

Comet and meteor information Latest Iau comet ephemerides http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/Ephemerides/Comets/ Weekly Information about Bright Comets http://www.aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html Comets http://www.cometography.com Meteors http://meteorshowersonline.com International Meteor Organisation http://www.imo.net

Minor planets (asteroids) Lowell Observatory http://asteroid.lowell.edu Solar System Dynamics on-line Tools http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?tools Near Earth Object Confirmation page http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/NEO/ToConfirm.html Iau Minor Planet Center http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/mpc.html

Timing occultations and other dynamical events IOTA Europe http://www.iota-es.de IOTA USA and rest of world http://www.occultations.org General information http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/iotandx.htm European asteroid occultation resource and results http://www.euraster.net

Recent Supernovae http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html

112 Internet Resources BAA Handbook 2014 body. Further details INTERNET RESOURCES Variable star information AAVSO http://www.aavso.org BAA Variable Star Section http://www.britastro.org/vss/ General Catalogue of Variable Stars http://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/cgi-bin/search.htm

Artificial satellite visibility Heavens Above http://www.heavens-above.com

Atmospheric phenomena http://www.atoptics.co.uk Noctilucent cloud observers http://nlcnet.co.uk

Equipment reviews Excelsis http://www.excelsis.com/1.0/catalog.php?categoryid=6

Astronomical and space news Astronomy Now http://www.astronomynow.com Sky and Telescope http://www.skyandtelescope.com ESO http://www.eso.org/public/outreach Space.com http://www.space.com NASA http://science.nasa.gov ESA http://www.esa.int Science Daily http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/space_time/astronomy/

Dark Skies BAA Campaign for Dark Skies http://www.britastro.org/dark-skies International Dark-Sky Association http://www.darksky.org

Links http://dir.yahoo.com/science/astronomy

Astronomy Picture of the Day http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html

Detailed ephemerides for solar system bodies http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizons (The website includes a tutorial explaining how to access detailed data for any solar-system body.)

GREEK ALPHABET

α alpha β beta γ gamma δ delta ε epsilon ζ zeta η eta θ theta ι iota κ kappa λ lamda μ mu ν nu ξ xi ο omicron π pi ρ rho σ sigma τ tau υ upsilon φ phi χ chi ψ psi ω omega

BAA Handbook 2014 Internet Resources and Greek Alphabet 113 CERES-VESTA APPULSE

ERRATA Handbook 2013 p. 16 The commencement dates for 2013 Carrington rotations were incorrect. They should read: Rotation Begins Rotation Begins Rotation Begins h h h 2133 Jan. 25.83 2138 Jun. 11.22 2143 Oct. 25.43 2134 Feb. 22.17 2139 Jul. 8.42 2144 Nov. 21.73 2135 Mar. 21.50 2140 Aug. 4.63 2145 Dec. 19.05 2136 Apr. 17.78 2141 Aug. 31.87 2137 May 15.02 2142 Sep. 28.14 p. 37 Greatest Elongation West: Nov. 16 should be Nov. 18 p. 38: Greatest Elongation East: Jun. 1 should be Jun. 12

114 Errata BAA Handbook 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Handbook would not be possible without the work of its many contributors. Gordon Taylor provided time data and data for the Sun, for moonrise and moonset and the Sun’s selenographic colongitude. Robert Mackenzie provided the start dates for Carrington rotations. Ken Hall provided lunar libration data. Fred Espenak (previously of the NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center) and Sheridan Williams provided data and diagrams for eclipses. Tim Haymes provided lunar occultation data and, with Edwin Goffin and Eberhardt Riedel (International Occultation Timing Association), the tables and maps for asteroid occultations and grazing lunar occultations. David Herald provided the facility to produce ‘Occult 4’ tables in the same format as previous Handbooks. Andrew Sinclair contributed the diagrams showing the visibility of planets and their appearances. Tony Evans provided data for Mercury, Venus and Mars. Gordon Taylor provided data for Saturn and Jupiter and its rotations. Barry Leggett prepared the table of the satellites of Jupiter from data supplied by William Thuillot (Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides), who also supplied the diagrams of Jupiter’s satellites. Gordon Taylor provided data for Saturn and its rotations and Andrew Sinclair provided data and diagrams for its moons. Graham Relf (the Computing Section webmaster) produced the path diagrams for Uranus and Neptune which have been revamped to produce more detail. He has also continued to improve the Computing Section website, which now has a great many new and useful additions to help other sections and observers. Richard Miles provided data for asteroids, near-earth objects, trans-neptunian and dwarf planets, and diagrams for Pluto. Asteroid Favourable Observing Opportunities data were prepared by him, using data from the MPCORB database by Brian D. Warner (Minor Planet Center); Dr. Alan W. Harris (Space Science Institute); and Petr Pravec (Astronomical Institute, Odrejov, Czech Republic). Jonathan Shanklin provided data on comets, using a program written by himself. John Mason provided the Meteor data. Des Loughney provided variable-stars data and Richard Miles (with John Vetterlein) provided Bright Stars data. John Toone provided data on active galaxies and, with colleagues, provided data for variable stars and for the variable star of the year. John Isles contributed the data on Mira and double stars. Susan Stewart of the United States Naval Observatory provided the Bright Stars positional data. Other contributors include K.G Andersson, R.J Bouma, B.H Granslo, H. McGee, E. Muyllaert, G. Poyner and V. Tuboly. Contributors have checked their own and others’ contributions and their comments have greatly improved the Handbook. The Editor gratefully acknowledges contributors’ support in answering her many queries. Any data not mentioned above have been provided by the Editor and Director.

SHERIDAN WILLIAMS ROSALIND ARMSON Director, Computing Section Editor

BAA Handbook 2014 Acknowledgements 115 The British Astronomical Association The British Astronomical Association was founded in 1890 and now has about 3,000 members. Its leading features are:

Membership – Open to all persons interested in astronomy.

Objects – (1) The organisation of observers, including those using small telescopes or binoculars, for mutual help. (2) The analysis and publication of observations. (3) The circulation of current astronomical information. (4) The encouragement of a popular interest in astronomy.

Methods – (1) The organisation of members in sections under experienced directors. (2) The publication of a Journal, Newsletters, a Handbook, Circulars and Bulletins. (3) The holding of meetings. (4) The maintenance of a collection of astronomical instruments for loan to members. (5) The affiliation of schools and societies.

Annual Subscriptions These are due August 1 each year. Current rates are available from the Office.

MEETINGS Meetings are held at approximately monthly intervals, excluding July and August. Many are in London on either Wednesdays (starting at 17.30) or Saturdays (starting at 14.30). Meetings are also held at venues around the country. A very popular weekend meeting is held at Winchester in the spring and an Exhibition is normally held evey two years in June. Back-to-Basics meetings for beginners are held outside London each year, usually in March and October. Observers’ workshops are also held twice per year. Many observing sections hold meetings every few years, some annually. Full details of the current programme are available from the office and the website.

PUBLICATIONS The principal publications are the Journal and the Handbook. In addition, e-mailed bulletins, paper circulars and section newsletters are available to members. The Journal is published six times a year. It contains reports of meetings, reports of the sections, papers, reviews, letters, images and notes on current astronomical news. The complete set of Journals from 1890 is available on DVD. Occasional longer Memoirs containing detailed section reports. (These are currently being digitised.) This Handbook, prepared by the Computing Section, is published annually. The e-bulletins/Circulars give early information on new and predicted events such as planetary phenomena and the discovery of novae and comets. The complete set of Circulars is available on CD.

REGISTERED OFFICE The Registered Office of the Association is at Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W1J 0DU. Email: [email protected] Telephone 020 7734 4145. Hours are 09.00 to 17.00, Monday to Friday. The BAA on the Internet BAA Home Page http://britastro.org

This website contains information about the BAA and how to become a member; it gives details about the meetings, publications and merchandise for sale. There is a “members only” area, plus links to pages maintained by the Observing Sections. You can find news items, data on new comets, asteroid occultations and other topical events, plus photo galleries and links to many other sources of astronomical information. BAA Computing Section

http://britastro.org/computing

This website complements the Handbook by providing extra material for which there is not room in the Handbook. This includes charts for many minor planets, calculational forms, graphical applications such as what is observable at any time and positions of satellites of major planets. Constant data that do not need to be printed every year in the Handbook together with links to other web sites BAA Journal http://britastro.org/journal

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