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Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Labour Migration from Kyrgyzstan to Russia

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Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Labour Migration from Kyrgyzstan to Russia Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Labour Migration from Kyrgyzstan to Russia Qualitative overview and quantitative survey УДК 314 ББК 60.7 В 64 The materials in this publication are for information purposes only. While the OSCE and ACTED, co-financed by the European Commission, endeavour to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the contents of this publication, the views, findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and contributors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the OSCE and its participating States, ACTED and the European Commission. The OSCE and ACTED, co-financed by the European Commission do not accept any liability for any loss which may arise from the reliance on information contained in this publication. This survey and its publication became possible with financial support of the OSCE Centre in Bishkek and the European Commission. В 64 Воздействие мирового экономического кризиса на трудовую миграцию из Кыргызстана в Россию: Качественный обзор и количественное исследование. – Б.: 2009. – 110 с. ISBN 978-9967-25-718-4 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Centre in Bishkek; www.osce.org/bishkek Aid Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (ACTED). Office in Kyrgyzstan; www.acted.org European Commission; www.europa.eu All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers. All photos used in the publication are copyrighted and remain the full property of OSCE, ACTED and the European Commission. OSCE Centre in ACTED Country European Commission Bishkek Office Rue de la Loi, 41 Toktogul str., 149 Kurmanjan Datka str., 74 1040 Bruxelles Belgium Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Osh, Kyrgyz republic Tel. +32 2 296 58 02 Tel. +996 312 66 50 15 Tel. +996 3222 28 759 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] В 1805060000-09 УДК 314 ББК 60.7 ISBN 978-9967-25-718-4 © OSCE © ACTED © European Commission Centre in Bishkek Irina Lukashova, Expert, Centre for Social and Economic Research (CASE Kyrgyzstan) Irina Makenbaeva, Expert, Centre for Social and Economic Research (CASE Kyrgyzstan) With contributions of: Roman Mogilevsky, Director, Centre for Social and Economic Research (CASE Kyrgyzstan) Anarkul Omorova, Economist, Centre for Social and Economic Research (CASE Kyrgyzstan) Maria Lukashova, Sociologist, «М-Vector Research» Kimberley Bulkley, Senior Economic and Environmental Officer, OSCE Centre in Bishkek Joomart Ormonbekov, Senior Programme Assistant, OSCE Centre in Bishkek Bolot Isakov, Programme Coordinator on Migration, ACTED Country Office in Kyrgyzstan Guldarika Toktomamatova, Programme Officer on Migration, ACTED Country Office in Kyrgyzstan 3 FOREWORD In recent years external labour migration became larger in scale and began to significantly affect most aspects of life in Kyrgyzstan. Growth in household consumption and reduction in poverty level in 2003-2008 were possible to a greater extent due to migrant remittances sent to the families left in the country. The Russian Federation is the main labour market for Kyrgyz migrants. According to several assessments, 80% of all migrants from Kyrgyzstan are currently employed in Russia and send 4/5 of all remittances transferred to Kyrgyzstan from abroad. Therefore, the state of the Russian economy and the state-level policy towards labour migrants dramatically affect employment opportunities, income level, social status and the welfare of Kyrgyz nationals employed there, and indirectly influence the socio-economic situation in Kyrgyzstan. The global financial crisis has brought negative consequences for Russia and had affected Kyrgyz migrants working there. The slowdown of the Russian economy caused a decrease in demand for labour. In this context the Russian Government started taking measures to protect its internal labour market by minimizing opportunities for employment for foreign nationals. It is obvious that the economic slowdown and regulatory changes in Russian policy created conditions which make it difficult for Kyrgyz migrants to find or keep their jobs and their salary level, and consequently the level of their remittances. As a result some migrants decide to return home temporarily or permanently. Although the main crisis implications for labour migrants and their families are quite obvious, there is still lack of information as to the scale of this issue, the forms of its reflection and its impact on various migrant groups. The Kyrgyz government could benefit from this information in order to make the right decisions to better address the negative consequences of the crisis on socio-economic situation in the country, and to identify the kind of assistance to be provided to migrants and their families. This report can also be used for development of a long-term state policy on labour migration. This survey provides information on the behaviour of Kyrgyz labour migrants employed in Russia and their families in the context of the global financial crisis. Chapter 1 is dedicated to the methodology of data collection and data analysis. Chapter 2 gives a comprehensive analysis of the various consequences of the crisis from the perspective of changing institutional environment for migrants and their families and macroeconomic situation in Kyrgyzstan on the basis of interviews held with migrants, their families, other involved persons and experts in both countries. Chapter 3 focuses on the outcomes of the quantitative analysis of the crisis effect on migrants’ socio-economic situation, which is based on data received from sampling research conducted in southern provinces of Kyrgyzstan. The main results and outcomes of the survey are presented in Chapter 4. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express gratitude to all the experts in the sphere of migration, with whom they met in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation who shared information and clarified many practical issues. We would also like to express our gratitude to Ms. Aigul Ryskulova, Minister of Labour, Employment and Migration of the Kyrgyz Republic for her continuous support and interest in our project. A special thanks to key experts of the State Committee for Migration and Employment of the Kyrgyz Republic (SCME, recently transformed into the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Migration), and to the personnel of SCME representations in Russia for shared information used in preparation of the report. We would like to thank the following SCME staff members for informative and substantial meetings: T. Sabyrov, Bishkek; Sh. Asymbekov and A. Asanbaev, Moscow; N. Djoldosheva, Osh; G. Asimjanova, E. Rumyantseva, Bishkek; J. Raimberdieva, Jalal-Abad; T. Myrzabekova, Tash-Kumyr, Jalalabat oblast; G. Ryskulova, Khaidarkan, Batken oblast; K. Koshoev, Panfilov district, Chui oblast. Authors are also grateful to the following experts in the Kyrgyz Republic for their informational contribution: V. Kucherenko (TSEONIS, Tokmok); P. Stolyarenko (TSEONIS, Osh); V. Bobrova (private employment agency «First class», Bishkek); B. Tursunbaeva (public fund «Employment», Naryn); Sh. Turgumbaeva (Issyk Ata municipality), S. Kojoeva, M. Suyunova, Z. Toktorova (public fund «Network of Labour Migration Assistance Centers», Osh), M. Pratova (passport-visa control unit, department of internal affairs, Osh); A. Karabaeva (passport-visa control unit, department of internal affairs, Suzak). In the Russian Federation: R. Attakurov, (Ambassador of Kyrgyzstan in Moscow); A. Buranov (Kyrgyz Consulate in Moscow); N. Vlasova (public fund «XXI century», Moscow); V. Vashentsev (International Association «Labour Migration», Moscow); B. Sashenko (Federation on construction trade unions of Russia, Moscow); G. Djuraeva (information-legal center «Migration and Law», Moscow); T. Orozbaeva (Kyrgyz Consulate General in Yekaterinburg); A. Bornovolkova (“Migratika”, Yekaterinburg), L. Grishina (public fund «Ural House», Zarechnyi, Sverdlovsk oblast). The authors thank Ms. Guldarika Toktomamatova (ACTED) for the high quality of their database in SPSS format, all the ACTED community mobilizers in the southern provinces of Kyrgyzstan for assistance in conducting field interviews, and Ms. Larisa Tarasova for editing the final text of the report. For preparation of this report the authors used official documents, data of the National Statistics Committee, mass media, including websites of the SCME and Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation, and the previously published reports by the Asian Development Bank, World Bank, United Nations Development Programme and other international organizations. Irina Lukashova Irina Makenbaeva 5 CONTENTS Introduction ..........................................................................................................................7 1. Survey methodology ........................................................................................................8 1.1. Goals and tasks .............................................................................................................8 1.2. Main instruments of the survey .....................................................................................9 2.Review of changes in migration processes .....................................................................12 2.1. Institutional environment for labour migration ...........................................................12
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