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The Charm of the Chiltern Hills Naturetrek Tour Report 16 - 18 May 2018 Man Orchid Burnt Orchid Monkey Orchid Hybrid Monkey x Lady Orchid Report and images compiled by James Harding-Morris Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report The Charm of the Chiltern Hills Tour participants: James Harding-Morris (leader) with three Naturetrek clients Summary This was a three-day tour comprising some of the best orchid and wildflower sites in the Chilterns, a walk along the Thames path from Goring, and a trip to visit RSPB Otmoor for birds. The weather spanned everything from reasonable to excellent, and we certainly made the best of it. Day 1 Wednesday 16th May We met in the bar of the Lambert Arms, introduced ourselves and got down to the business of discussing orchids. This orchid season had been an odd one so far, with several species delayed by the slow start to the year, but others earlier than expected. A couple of these earlier-than-usual species were Burnt Orchid and Man Orchid. As such, we tried something new and headed north to Hoo Bit in Hertfordshire. This patch of woodland and meadow has a lovely mixture of orchids, and it didn’t take us long to spot a number of Fly Orchids – within a few minutes we must have easily seen forty spikes. Twayblades were abundant, as were Common Spotted Orchid rosettes, which hinted at how the meadow must look in high summer. A few White Helleborines were seen, but this is a species that seems delayed by the late spring and they looked to be ten days or so off flowering. The woodland path yielded Sanicle, that characteristic flower of chalky woodlands, and the path to the reserve yielded Elm and Wych Elm side-by-side, allowing for a great comparison. We stopped for lunch at The Live and Let Live and then walked up onto the nearby Knocking Hoe, where James rashly promised we’d still find Pasqueflowers. He gleefully pointed one out to the group, but was then brought up short when it turned out to be an early Clustered Bellflower. Pride dented, we carried on exploring until we came to an area brimming with Pasqueflowers, with fresh flowerheads in plenty juxtaposed against the seedheads from flowers earlier in the season. Walking up onto the hill, we stopped at the roped-off Burnt Orchid enclosure where we were able to admire forty or more Burnt Orchids, most in perfect flowering condition. We also commented on the spikes of Burnt Orchid yet to come – nicknaming them ‘matchsticks’. Leaving the enclosure, we were fortunate enough to find a few Burnt Orchids in the wider reserve; much more rewarding than seeing them enclosed. Our final site for the day was Totternhoe Knolls, where we clambered over the old castle mound and into the reserve in search of our first Orchis orchid of the trip – Man Orchid. From reports online, these seemed to be having an early season and we searched and searched, eventually finding a single flowering spike – success! Duly admired and photographed, we headed back to the hotel. Day 2 Thursday 17th May After a hearty breakfast we drove down to Goring, at the very southern edge of the Chilterns. We parked on the edge of the town and enjoying the beautiful sunshine, walked down a footpath and along the Thames. Very quickly we encountered that special species of this river catchment, the Loddon Lily (or Summer Snowflake). Unfortunately the hearty group of plants we spotted were at the other side of the river, and so we had to enjoy them via binoculars! Luckily, further along our walk, we found a few clumps on ‘our’ side of the river and were able to appreciate them close-up. © Naturetrek June 18 1 The Charm of the Chiltern Hills Tour Report We stopped briefly by the railway bridge to see if there was any chance of spotting the enigmatic Club-tailed Dragonfly emerging, but there was no sign of this species or any other dragonfly or damselfly – we theorised the late spring might have held them back this year. We then walked up the hill to Hartslock Reserve. Upon entering Hartslock we were impressed by the swathe of hybrid Lady x Monkey Orchids which vastly outnumbered both of the parent species combined, and easily surpassed them in size and robustness. James challenged the group to find their own Monkey Orchids, which they quickly did, and then we walked up the slope to admire the single Lady Orchid, looking a little past her best but with a few perfect flowers remaining. Exploring the reserve further we found White Helleborines, looking a few weeks away from flowering, as well as the intriguing Round-mouthed Snail or ‘Land Winkle’. We spent a short time separating Chalk Milkwort from Common Milkwort, but were soon distracted by butterflies. This wonderful reserve and gorgeous weather offering up Grizzled and Dingy Skippers, Small Heath, Holly Blue and a stunning Green Hairstreak. After a hearty lunch at The Rising Sun, we moved on to Homefield Wood, a great site with an amazing abundance of orchids. On the path to the reserve we noted Wood Spurge and a few plants of Lemon Balm growing wild – a first as a ‘wild’ plant for most of the group. The Military Orchids were immediately apparent, scattered across the first field of the reserve, and we wandered independently, drinking them in and contemplating the story of the rediscovery of this thought-to-be-extinct species in Britain. We also noted a few still-to-flower White Helleborines, a number of Fly Orchids, and discussed how similar Spurge Laurel looks to a young Rhododendron. Jenny made a delightful find of a Treehopper (Centrotus cornutus), a big, horned bug, which was a first for the group. Having a little bit of time left, we drove to Aston Rowant and walked onto Bald Hill, this site being unusual in holding a large population of Early Purple Orchids that grow out on the open grassland, rather than in shady woodland where they are more familiarly seen. We also admired Whitebeams, found some spikes of Greater Butterfly Orchid that were nearly in flower, and we saw a pair of Green Hairstreak in-cop, illuminated beautifully by the lowering sun. Day 3 Friday 18th May On our third day we left the hilly chalk of the Chilterns to visit Otmoor RSPB reserve. We all met in the car park after successfully navigating there independently, and set out onto the reserve. We soon heard Sedge Warblers and as we walked we compared their songs with those of Reed Warblers. We also heard the explosive songs of Cetti’s Warblers, and saw Reed Buntings flitting around the hedges. Damselflies, absent on the first two days of our trip, were suddenly abundant, and we saw Large Red Damselflies, Blue-tailed Damselflies and Azure Damselflies, and we talked about the shape of mercury-marks in differentiating the species of blue damselfly. The wet meadows we walked past seemed to be full of Hobbies; several were seen sitting on fence posts, more still in the skies overhead. Lapwings were abundant, and it was interesting to watch them see off Carrion Crows and Red Kites that came too close to their nesting sites. 2 © Naturetrek June 18 The Charm of the Chiltern Hills Tour Report On the way to one of the viewing screens we saw Redshank calling overhead, sometimes quite literally straight over our heads! We also spotted a Redshank chick ambling about at the edge of the reeds. Geese were plentiful with Barnacle, Greylag and Canada Geese (plus hybrid) nesting and feeding alongside the waders. From the viewing screen we saw Shoveler, Pochard and Tufted Ducks, as well as a Red-eyed Damselfly sitting on the pondweed directly in front of us. Jenny found a Walnut Orb-weaver in the roof of the viewing screen – a species she had been confident about finding during the trip. A brief stop in the hide gave us views of tens of Red Kites over the nearby undulating hills, and Grey Herons were seen stalking the wetlands. As we entered the car park, ready to leave, we were delighted to hear the purring of a Turtle Dove nearby, finishing off the morning’s excursion wonderfully. We stopped for lunch at the Star Inn, ate well and checked up on a few identifications in our books, and then went our separate ways. Receive our e-newsletter Join the Naturetrek e-mailing list and be the first to hear about new tours, additional departures and new dates, tour reports and special offers. Visit www.naturetrek.co.uk to sign up. Naturetrek Facebook We are delighted to launch the Naturetrek Facebook page so that participants of Naturetrek tours can remain in touch after the holiday and share photos, comments and future travel plans. Setting up a personal profile at www.facebook.com is quick, free and easy. The Naturetrek Facebook page is now live; do please pay us a visit! © Naturetrek June 18 3 The Charm of the Chiltern Hills Tour Report Species Lists Plants Scientific Name Common Name PINOPSIDA (GYMNOSPERMS) CONIFERS Cupressaceae Juniper Family Juniperus communis Juniper Pinaceae Pine Family Picea abies ssp. abies Spruce Taxaceae Yew Family Taxus baccata Yew MAGNOLIOPSIDA (ANGIOSPERMS) FLOWERING PLANTS Aceraceae Maple Family Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Acer platanoides Norwegian Maple Acer campestre Field Maple Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Carrot Family Aegipodium podagaria Ground Elder Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley Heracleum sphondyllium Hogweed Sanicula europaea Sanicle Aquifoliaceae Holly Family Ilex aquifolia Holly Araliaceae Ivy Family Hedera helix agg Ivy Asteraceae (Compositae) Daisy Family Achillea millefolium Yarrow Bellis perennis Daisy Centaurea nigra Knapweed
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  • Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of Four Closely Related Orchis (Orchidaceae) Species

    Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of Four Closely Related Orchis (Orchidaceae) Species

    diversity Article Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of Four Closely Related Orchis (Orchidaceae) Species Alexandra Evans *, Sam Janssens and Hans Jacquemyn Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; [email protected] (S.J.); [email protected] (H.J.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 July 2020; Accepted: 11 August 2020; Published: 13 August 2020 Abstract: Long-term monitoring programs and population demographic models have shown that the population dynamics of orchids are to a large extent dependent on prevailing weather conditions, suggesting that the changes in climatic conditions can have far reaching effects on the population dynamics and hence the distribution of orchids. Although a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the distribution of plants has become increasingly important during the final years, only a few studies have investigated the effects of changing temperature and precipitation on the distribution of orchids. In this study, we investigated the impact of climate change on the distribution of four terrestrial orchid species (Orchis anthropophora, Orchis militaris, Orchis purpurea and Orchis simia). Using bioclimatic data for current and future climate scenarios, habitat suitability, range shifts and the impact of different abiotic factors on the range of each species were modelled using Maxent. The results revealed an increase in suitable habitat area for O. anthropophora, O. purpurea and O. simia under each RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario, while a decrease was observed for O. militaris. Furthermore, all four of the orchids showed a shift to higher latitudes under the three RCPs leading to a significant range extension under mild climate change.
  • The Orchid Garden of Kent

    The Orchid Garden of Kent

    The Orchid Garden of Kent Trip Report 19th May 2018 Led by Jon Dunn Lady Orchid © David Potter Greenwings Wildlife Holidays Tel: 01473 254658 Web: www.greenwings.co.uk Email: [email protected] ©Greenwings 2018 Saturday 19th May dawned bright and sunny in east Kent, and the participants of our inaugural Orchid Garden of Kent day tour gathered in the picturesque village of Wye, nestling at the foot of the chalk downs that bisect Kent and provide pockets of ideal conditions in which some of Britain and Ireland’s rarest and most beautiful orchids can flourish. This was market day, so the village was bustling with people. Happily our transport had arrived before the thronging villagers, so once our guests had arrived we were able to leave the busyness behind us and dive straight into the maze of narrow lanes that meander their way through the surrounding countryside. Spring was in full swing, so the verges were awash with frothing cow parsley punctuated with the pink accents of red campion… but it was altogether rarer flowers that we would be looking for today. Our first stop, a little way outside Wye, was at the edges of Denge Woods. This woodland, managed by the Forestry Commission, contains a gem deep within it – an area renowned amongst orchid-hunters for its remarkable colony of lady orchids Orchis purpurea, a species that is almost entirely restricted to Kent in a British context. On the near continent it may be found, in places, growing with vigorous abandon in swathes on roadside verges but here, in England, it is on the edge of its European range and is altogether rarer.