sign in sign up
<<
Home , Mitopus, Nemastomatidae, Opilio, Phalangiidae, Trogulidae

European Arachnology 2002 (F . Samu Cs . Szintár eds .), pp . 227-242. © Plant Protection Institute Berzsenyi College, Budapest, 2004. ISBN 963 214 791 X (Proceedings of the 20th European Colloquium ofArachnology, Szombathely 22-26 July 2002)

The harvestman fauna of (Arachnida, )

CHRISTIAN KOMPOSC H ÖKOTEAM — Institute of Faunistics and Ecology, Bergmanngasse 22, A — 8010 Graz, Austri a ([email protected])

Abstract In addition to few and partly questionable unpublished historical data from the collection of th e natural history museum of Vienna, faunistic data for 27 harvestman species from 32 Hungaria n localities spread over the whole country are provided . Trogulus tingiformis is definitively occurin g in Hungary, T. nepaeformis is recorded for the first time and Holoscotolemon jaqueti is documented from the Bükk Mountains . An up-to-date checklist of definitively known taxa contains 33 specie s belonging to 6 families .

Key words : harvestman, checklist, Holoscotolemon jaqueti, Trogulus tingiformis, T. nepaeformis

INTRODUCTIO N SHORT HISTORY OF EXPLORATIO N Hungarian arachnologists paid little attention The oldest harvestman-datasets from Hungar y to the order Opiliones with the exception o f concern the phalangiids , Dr . Gábor Kolosváry . The research on the and O . saxatilis collected by R . harvestman-fauna of Hungary began at the Anker in the years 1872 (?), 1880 and 188 1 end of the 19th century; in 1929 Kolosváry s (Coll . NHMW). comprehensive book " Magyarorszá g In 1879 Ottó Herman published Kaszáspókjai / Die Weberknechte Ungarns" "Magyarország Pók-Faunája / Ungarns Spin- came out . Although dozens of opilionologica l nen-Fauna", the first comprehensive wor k papers have been published, a lot of funda- which listed 26 harvestman species fo r mental problems remain unsolved . Only 3 3 "Hungary" (taking into account the changin g harvestman species are actually known fro m political situation with the historic borders o f Hungary, while the species-numbers of the the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy with Tran- adjacent countries are 33 (Czech Republic an d sylvania, Slawonia, Croatia and Slovakia un - Slovakia respectively: Klimes 2000), 4 2 der the Hungarian crown) in the appendix o f (Ukraine : Klimes 2000 .), 46 (Romania : Marten s his book, while table X depicts Paranemastoma 1978; Weiss 1996), 63 (Croatia : provisional silli, which has been described by this autho r number, estimated at least 80 spp . T. Novak in sub Sillii from Hermannstadt ( = litt.), 63 (Slovenia: Novak Gruber 2000) and Sibiu) eight years before . 61 (: Komposch 2002) . Thus an urgent Hermans fauna was followed by Adolf need for action is obvious . The aim of the pre- Lendl s (1894) " Opiliones Musaei nationali s sent paper is to give a short survey of the his- Hungarici" (47 spp .) and Eugenius Daday s tory of exploration, an up-to-date checklist, (1896) " Fauna Regni Hungariae/ Ordo. Opil- and further new datasets from various parts of iones" (58 spp .). Carl-Friedrich Roewer (1923 ) the country collected between 1996 and 2003 , mentioned Hungary several times in his volu- including ecological details . minous work "Die Weberknechte der Erde" .

228 European Arachnology 2002

used his short scientific stay at the museum i n Budapest to publish the first record of Lania- tores from Hungary and a checklist of th e Opiliones unequivocally known from th e country (28 spp.). Further opilionological data were pro- vided by Anton v . Gebhardt, Endre Dudich , Vilmos Székessy, L . Havranek H. Molnár , Miklós Hörömpöly and Stefania Avram . Re- cent faunistic and ecological work has been done by András Varga, Zsuzsanna Bokor , Dávid Murányi and Tamás Szűts, respectively .

MATERIAL AND METHOD S Series of the Opiliones collection from the Fig. I . Prof. Dr . Gábor Kolosváry (Gabriel vo n Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NHMW) Kolosváry) (I 90 I - 1968), the great Hungaria n with Hungarian provenance were revised b y opilionologist . Jürgen Gruber . Concerning the recent data, harvestmen were collected by means of a soil - Gábor Kolosváry (Fig . 1) produced the fin- sifter (s.-s .) and hand-collecting (h .-c .) in May est research on harvestmen in Hungary. Pub- 1996 (field trip organised by the Institute o f lishing "Magyarország Kaszáspókjai / Die We- Zoology from the University of Graz ; Ch . B . berknechte Ungarns" (54 spp .) his main intent Komposch (K .) leg.), from July to Septembe r was to make a comprehensive and mono- 2002 (Ch . B . Komposch, M . T . Frieß leg.) graphical "Hungarian Roewer book" (1929 : 7). and in June 2003 (G . Kunz leg .) in the localitie s Unfortunately Kolosváry did not trust his ow n H-1 to H-32 (Fig . 2). For the list of collecting careful drawings (of genital characters, etc .) places see Appendix I . The material is depos- but rather followed the obscure systematics o f ited in the private collection of the author . Roewer; because of this, the systematic part i s not very useful in contrast to his morphologi- Historical data from the collection of th e cal, anatomical and biological investigation s NHMW on harvestmen . Several papers between 193 2 A few series of Hungarian harvestme n and 1969 dealt with faunistic, taxonomic an d (, Opilio parietinus, O . saxa- ecological topics . tilis and Zacheus crista) collected between 1872 The most important arachnologist of the and 1905 are deposited in the Naturhis- second half of the 20th century, Imre Loksa, torisches Museum Wien (NHMW) . A singl e did not forget the harvestmen beside his inten- series of Astrobunus laevipes from the Tisza sive work on spiders (1948-1991) . Lászl ó plain was provided by St. Avram . (m = male, f Szalay investigated the Opilionids, described = female ) Nelima sempronii (1951) and other synonym s Ofen/ 1. Stuhlweissenburg, 2 . Szerard (? ) from the region of Sopron and summarised hi s (remark : origin doubtful), 1872 (rem: year of results in the " Fauna Hungariae – Arach- acquisition?), R . Anker leg., C .-F . Roewer det. noidea I., 4 . Phalangidea" (1968) . The recen t Phalangium opilio Linnaeus 1 f authors Jochen Martens and Jürgen Gruber (e . (NHMW 3802 ) g. 1978 with 27 spp . mentioned from Hun- Ofen (rem : an old German name of Buda, the gary) tidied up Roewers chaos, at least in western part of Budapest), 1880, R . Anker leg., Central Europe . Ruud van der Weele (1998a) C. Koelbel det .

Komposch : Harvestman fauna of Hungary 22 9

Fig. 2 . Map of the collecting points H- I to H-32 (1996-2003) . The list of collecting places is given i n Appendix I .

Opilio parietinus (De Geer) 6 m, 9 f Astrobunus laevipes (Canestrini) 1 m, 1 (NHMW 3914 ) f (NHMW 3450) ; sub A. meadi Opilio saxatilis C. L. Koch 2 f (NHMW A further dubious record from " Ungarn " 3928), J . Gruber rev . concerns a series of Leiobunum limbatum L. Gödöllő (rem: NE Budapest), 1880, ? leg ., Koch (10 m, 3 f; NHMW 3556), together wit h Steindachner don., C . Koelbel det. Leiobunum roseum (6 m; NHMW 3554) an d Opilio parietinus (De Geer) 5 m, 4 f, 1 Leiobunum rupestre (1 m; NHMW 3557) col- Juv. (NHMW 3915 ) lected by Frauenfeld and determined b y Opilio saxatilis C . L. Koch 1 m, 5 f Roewer . (NHMW 3929), J . Gruber rev. Velentze bei Stuhlweissenburg (rem : Velence, RESULT S near Székesfehérvár), 1881, R . Anker leg., Faunistic research Steindachner don., C. Koelbel det . The authors investigations from 1996 to 2003 Opilio parietinus (De Geer) 4 m, 4 f, led to a total of 148 data sets (398 specimens ) (NHMW 3916) belonging to 27 species and 6 families; 382 Opilio saxatilis C . L. Koch 2 f (NHM W specimens have been determined to species 3930), J. Gruber rev. (Appendix II) . Nearly 82% of the known Hun- Visegrád (rem : N Budapest), 1905, Penthe r garian species spectrum could be collected leg., C.-F . Roewer det . during two weeks . Zacheus crista (Brulle) 2 Ind .; sub Z. hungaricus Lend l Checklist Tisa (rem : = Tisza) km 744, 21 .07.1967, St. 33 harvestman-species belonging to 6 familie s Avram leg . et don . are definitively known from Hungary

e,

230 European Arachnology 2002

(Appendix III) . The possible occurrence of tains from 1954 to 1974 . Ruud van der Weel e Paranemastoma silli, Gyas titanus and Platy- (1998a) found one specimen at the beginnin g bunus pallidus should be confirmed by furthe r of October 1995 under a large stone, which la y observations. A mysterious record of Anelas- deep in a thick layer of fallen leaves, in a beec h mocephalus cambridgei (Westwood, 1874) from forest in the Mátra Mountains near Mátraháza . the Bükk Mountains was published by Loks a In 1996 five specimens in total (2 males, 3 fe- (1968 : 277, sub " Analesmocephalus cambridge i males) were collected by the author in thic k Westw ." and without further comments); it is layers of fallen leaves in moist beech forests a t the one and only reference to the presence of a two localities in the Carpathian region (H-8 , representative of this in Hungary . If w e H-9 ; Fig . 4) by hand-collecting and using th e assume a correct determination of the genus , soil-sifter respectively . the species is likely to be Anelasmocephalus The occurrence of this laniatore shows a hadzii Martens, 1978 . Chemini (1984) was th e zoogeographical relationship between th e first to show a wider distribution of Trogulus Mátra and the Bükk Mountains to the Carpa- closanicus Avram, 1971 in Central Europe ; an thians, although Kolosváry (1935) consider s occurrence in Hungary is likely and further the Mátra mountains — with regard to the spi- material (especially from pitfall traps e .g. from der-coenosis — as a part of the Pannonic basi n araneological and carabidological investiga- and not of the Carpathians . tions) should be studied . The Carpathian taxa (Martens 1978; Weiss 1996) Ischyropsalis mani- cata L. Koch, 1865 and Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956 could be expected in northern Hungary. The specific search for the — in some part s of Central Europe synanthropic — taxa Opili o canestrinii (Thorell) and O . ruzickai Silhavy in several promising anthropogenic habitats wa s

fruitless, although Gruber (1996, 2000) is aware of localities close to the Hungarian bor - der (e.g. Eisenstadt) . In Slovenia O . ruzicka i can be found along rivers frequently (T. No- vak in litt .), synanthropic records are rathe r Fig. 3 . The laniatore Holoscotolemon jaqueti fro m rare; a similar ecological behaviour of this spe - the Bükk Mountains (H-8/9) . cies in Hungary seems possible .

Remarkable taxa and new records to Hun- gary Holoscotolemon jaqueti H. jaqueti (Fig . 3) shows a disjunct distributio n and occurs in the Carpathians (Ukraine, Ro- mania) and southern Yugoslavia (Bosnia , and (Curcic et al . 1999)); "Nachweise aus der CSSR/Slowakei und aus Ungarn stehen aus ; sie sind aber zu erwarten, da jeweils grenznahe Funde bekann t sind" (Martens 1978 . : 81) Imre Loksa (e .g. Fig . 4 . Habitat of Holoscotolemon jaqueti, mois t 1966, 1979) did not find the species despit e beech forests in the Bükk Mountains nea r investigating the soil fauna of the Bükk Moun- Répáshuta (H-8/9) .

Komposch: Harvestman fauna of Hungary 231

Trogulus cf. nepaeformis Two females of this species have been pro- Considering the map drawn by Martens (1978 : vided by Dávid Murányi : 26 .09.2001, Bakony 171), the occurrence of Trogulus nepaeformis – Mountains, Gaja, Balinka, lower section of the regardless of the question " What is T. nepae- Gaja-stream, small willow wood close to th e formis (Scopoli, 1763)?" – had been expected i n stream, J . Kontschán leg . Hungary . (At least since S . Avram, I . Weiss, C . Chemini and U . Neuffer, opilionologists be- CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK came aware of the problems in the nepaeformis- The actual known number of harvestman spe- group; from the south-eastern and Slove- cies is 33, but about 40 taxa can be expecte d nia several "hidden" taxa are known (T . No- from Hungary. Consequently, increased atten- vak in litt .)). Concerning the described taxa , the specimens collected in the Bükk Moun- tains (H-8), the Aggtelek National Park (H-10 ) and near Zalacsány (H-19) have to be provi- sionally identified as Trogulus nepaeformis s . str. Kontschán et al. (2002) mentioned the spe- cies from the Vértes Mountains, further mate- rial comes from the Bakony Mountains: 1 f: Borostyán-küt, Bakonybél, 19 .09.2001, beech forest in the surroundings of a cold sprin g lake, J . Kontschán D . Murányi leg.; 1 f : Ha- jmás-patak, Réde, near the road between Réd e Fig. 5 . The largest trogulide of Central Europe, Trogulus tingiformis, belongs definitively to the faun a and Bakonyszentkirály, 15 .7.2001, under of Hungary; the picture shows a female from th e Robinia trees on the shore of a stream, J . locality H-14 (E Kávás) . Kontschán D. Murányi leg.; 1 m : Gaja-patak, Bakonynána, at the road to Tés, 26 .06.2001, alder and willow-covered narrow and dee p valley, pitfall-traps, J . Kontschán D . Murányi leg.

Trogulus tingiformis The distribution of this large trogulid (Fig . 5) reaches from western Hungary up to the Ba- kony Mountains from the Eastern Alps; its presence in the Carpathian region of Hungary is likely . Martens (1978 : 173) already pre- sumed " Das Karpaten-Areal ist wahr- scheinlich (viel) ausgedehnter als bishe r bekannt" . In the south-eastern Alps Trogulus tingiformis seems to occur mainly in the upper montane zone and reaches more than 2000 m (Komposch 1999) . A ruderalized forest edg e with numerous fallen tree trunks at 180 m height (H-14; Fig . 6) seems to be a typical habi - . Habitat of Trogulus tingiformis, diverse forest tat in western Hungary. Fig. 6 edge with fallen tree trunks E Kávás and WN W Zalaegerszeg (H- 14) .

232 European Arachnology 2002

tion should be paid to the zoogeographically during our trip together in July 2002, Gernot interesting Hungarian harvestman fauna wit h Kunz for opilionological interest and materia l its Alpine, Carpathian and Pannonical fauna l from June 2003, Werner E. Holzinger and elements . Faunistic investigations — the study Gerhard Skofitsch for organizing the field tri p of remaining material from pitfall-traps ha s in 1996 and Tamás Szűts for providing histori- already been suggested by Van der Weele cal photos. Ferenc Samu had much patience (1998b) — would be worthwhile . Special inter- with the manuscript . Financial support came est should be taken to petrophilous and ar- from the Styrian Government and th e boricolous taxa, and the synanthropic fauna Österreichische Forschungsgemeinschaft . and the Carpathian region, respectively. The questionable presence of the genus Anelasmo- REFERENCE S cephalus in Hungary should be verified b y Avram, S . 1968. Contribution a létude de s means of a soil-sifter . Unsolved taxonomic Opilionides de la zone inondable de la Tis a problems remain concerning the gener a entre les Kilometres fluviaux 698-744 . Avec Leiobunum and Trogulus (What is Trogulus la ascription d une nouvelle espece, aquaticus Simon?) . Leiobunum tisciae. Tiscia 4, 111-125 . Furthermore, harvestmen show quite goo d Bokor, Zs . 1996. New occurrence of characters which can be used as habitat de- Astrobunus laevipes (Canestrini, 1872 ) scriptors and bioindicators ; they are useful (Arachnoidea, Opiliones, ) in instruments for modern work in nature con- Hungary (in the valley of river Rakaca — servation and landscape planning. Although Cserehát) . Acta Biologica 41, 89-91. the European Community does not regard any Bokor, Zs . 1998. Data on the Opilione s harvestman as a species of Community inter- (Arachnida) fauna of the Rakaca valle y est (Council Directive 92/43/EEC), Opilionid s (Cserehát, Hungary) . Folia Entomologica have been proposed as monitoring-organisms Hungarica 59, 221-225 . for describing and evaluating the conservation Chemini, C. 1984. Sulla presenza di Trogulus status of the natural habitat types of Commu- closanicus Avram in Austria, Baviera e nity interest (Annex I) (Landesamt für Um- Slovenia (Arachnida, Opiliones) . Berichte weltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt 2002) . des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinische n A rewarding goal would be the accumula- Vereins in Innsbruck 71, 57-61 . tion of all available — and reliable — data sets i n Curcic, B .P .M ., Karaman, I.M . Tomic, V.T . a modern database, the production of a Hun- 1999. On some new and little-know n garian catalogue of Opiliones including distri- epigean harvestmen (Opiliones , bution maps as a useful basis for a red data lis t Arachnida) from west Serbia, Yugoslavia . of threatened harvestmen in Hungary . Archives of Biological Sciences 51, 61-62. Daday, E . 1896. Fauna Regni Hungariae. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Animalium Hungariae hucusque cognitorum Special thanks go to Jürgen Gruber for check- enumeratio systematical Ordo. Opiliones . pp. ing the collection of the NHMW and variou s 1-4 . Regia Societas scientiarum naturalium help with literature and the manuscript, Ton e Hungarica, Budapest. Novak for useful comments on the manu - Dudich, E. 1932. Biologie der Aggteleker script, Jason Dunlop for linguistic help, Dávid Tropfsteinhöhle „Baradla ” in Ungarn . Murányi for the loan of material and last no t Speläologische Monographien 13, 246 pp ., least Brigitte Komposch for her intensive and Wien. patient field support. Further, I thank Meta Gruber, J . 1964. Kritische und ergänzend e and Thomas Frieß for catching harvestmen Beobachtungen zur Opilionidenfauna

Komposch: Harvestman fauna of Hungary 233

Österreichs (Arachnida) . Zeitschrift der 313 . Arbeitsgemeinschaft österreichische r Kolosváry, G . 1939a. Neue Beiträge zu Entomologen 16, 1-5. Ungarns Spinnenfauna . Zoologischer Gruber, J . 1993 . Beobachtungen zur Ökologie Anzeiger 126, 205-207. und Biologie von Dicranolasma scabru m Kolosváry, G . 1939b. Ein ökologischer (Herbst) (Arachnida, Opiliones). Teil I. Vergleich zwischen der Spinnenfauna de r Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wi- Kecske- und der Stephans-Höhle i n en 94/95B, 393-426. Ungarn. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica IX , Gruber, J . 1996 . Neue und interessante 334-337 . Weberknechtfunde aus dem nordöstlichen Kolosváry, G . 1941 . Eine neue Opilionide, Österreich (Niederösterreich, Wien, hungaricus n. sp . aus Siebenbürgen Nordburgenland, östliches Oberösterreich ) (Ungarn) . Zoologischer Anzeiger 136, 190- (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zeitschrift der 191. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Kolosváry, G . 1948. Eine neue interessante Entomologen 48, 39-44 . Fundstelle von Egaenus convexus C.L. Gruber, J . 2000 . Neue Weberknechtfunde aus Koch . (Arachn.). Fragmenta Faunistica Niederösterreich und angrenzenden Hungarica 11, 52 . Gebieten (Arachnida, Opiliones) . Zeitschrift Kolosváry, G. 1965. Opilioniden des Gebiete s der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer der Ungarischen Volksrepublik . Acta Entomologen 52, 15-22 . Biologica 11, 165-168. Havranek, L. & Molnár, H. 1965 . Preliminary Kolosváry, G . 1969. Opilioniden der oberen report on the Arachnoidea-fauna of th e und mittleren Tisza-Gegend . Tiscia 5, 79 - Tisza-valley. Tiscia 1, 93-107 . 81 . Herman, O . 1879 . Magyarország Pók-Faunája / Kolosváry, G . & Homonnay, Sz . 1967. Weitere Ungarns Spinnen-Fauna . III. Band . zoologische Beobachtungen im nördliche n Beschreibender Theil. pp. XX + 305 + 4 Tiszatal. Tiscia 3, 75-81. Tafeln. Verlag der Königlich Ungarischen Komposch, Ch . 1998. Leiobunum subalpinum n . Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, Bu- sp., ein neuer Weberknecht aus den dapest. Ostalpen (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) . Klimes, L . 2000. Checklist of harvestmen Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus dem (Opiliones) of Czechia and Slovakia. In: Nationalpark Hohe Tauern 4, 19-40. Proceedings of the 18" European Colloquium Komposch, Ch. 1999 . Rote Liste der of Arachnology, Stará Lesná, 1999 (P . Gajdos Weberknechte Kärntens (Arachnida, & S. Pekár eds.). Ekológia 19(3), 125-128. Opiliones). Naturschutz in Kärnten 15, 547- Kolosváry, G . 1929. Magyarország Kaszáspókjai / 565. Die Weberknechte Ungarns . pp. 112 + 11 Komposch, Ch . 2000a. Trogulus falcipenis, spec. Tafeln . Studium Verlag, Budapest. nov., ein neuer Brettkanker aus den Alpen Kolosváry, G. 1935. Beiträge zur Spinnenfauna und dem Dinarischen Gebirge (Arachnida, des Mátragebirges und der Villanyer Opiliones, ) . Spixiana 23(1), 1-14. Gegend. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 8, Komposch, Ch. 2000b. Harvestmen and 278-288. spiders in the Austrian wetland „ Hörfeld- Kolosváry, G. 1932. Die Spinnenbiosphaere Moor” (Arachnida, Opiliones, Araneae) . des ungarländischen Pannonbeckens . Acta In: Proceedings of the 18" Europea n Biologica 2, 106-128. Colloquium of Arachnology, Stará Lesná, Kolosváry, G. 1933. Über eine neue 1999. (P. Gajdos & S. Pekár eds.) Ekológia Weberknechtart, Roeweriolus hungaricus n. 19(4), 65-77 . gen. n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger 102, 310-

234 European Arachnology 2002

Komposch, Ch. 2002. Taxonomie, Faunistik Loksa, I . 1991. Über einige Arthropoden- und Ökologie südostalpiner Weberknechte Gruppen aus dem Pilis-Biosphären- (Arachnida, Opiliones) . Entomologica Reservat (Ungarn) . 2. Die Diplopoden, Austriaca 6, 19-20. Chilopoden, Weberknechte und Spinnen Kontschán, J ., Dányi, L . Murányi, D . 2002. A aus dem Gebiet zwischen Kakas-berg Vértes hegység védett területeinek talajfa- (Pilisszentkereszt) und Ispán-Wiese unája a természetvédelem tükrében/ The (Mikula-haraszt) . Opuscula Zoologica 24, soil fauna of the Vértes Mts. from the point 129-141 . of view of nature conservation. I. Magya r Martens, J . 1978 . Spinnentiere, Arachnida, Természetvédelmi Biológiai Konferencia Weberknechte, Opiliones. Die Tierwelt (Abstract book), Sopron, pp . 141 . Deutschlands 64 (F. Senglaub, H . J. Landesamt für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt . Hannemann & H. Schumann series eds.) 2002. Die Lebensraumtypen nach Anhang I 464 pp., Jena. der Fauna-Flora-Habitatrichtlinie im Land Murányi, D. 2002. pallidus ilhavr, Sachsen-Anhalt . Naturschutz im Land 1938, faunánkra új kárpáti elterjedésű ka- Sachsen-Anhalt 39, 368 pp. száspók (Opiliones) a Zempléni - Lendl, A. 1894. Opiliones Musaei nationali s hegységből/ Platybunus pallidu s Hungarici . Természetrajzi Füzetek 17, 15- ilhavÿ, 1938a Carpathian harvestman 33 (Opiliones) from the Zemplén Mts, new t o Loksa, I. 1961. A Kovácsi-hegy izeltlábúiró l the fauna of Hungary. Folia Entomologica (Die Arthropoden des Kovácsi-Berges). Hungarica 63, 181-182. Allatani Közlemények 48, 65-80. Novak, T. & Gruber, J. 2000. Remarks on Loksa, I . 1962. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der published data on harvestmen (Arachnida , Weberknecht-Fauna Ungarns, I . Opiliones) from Slovenia . Annals for istrian Zoologischer Anzeiger 168, 265-269. and mediterranean studies. Series historia Loksa, I. 1968. Quantitative Makrofauna - naturalis 10, 2 (21), 281-308 . Untersuchungen in den Waldböden des Rafalski, J. 1962. Opilio dinaricus Silhavy a little Bükkgebirges (Ungarn) . Annale s known Species of Harvestmen (Opiliones) . Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis 9- Studia Societatis Scientiarum Torunensis 10, 265-289. Torun-Polonia, Sec. E. (Zool .) 6, 1-12. Loksa, I . 1971 . Zoozönologisch e Roewer, C . Fr. 1923 . Die Weberknechte der Erde. Untersuchungen im nördlichen Bakony - Jena, 1116 pp. Gebirge. Annales Universitatis Scientiaru m Roewer, C. Fr. 1951 . Über Nemastomatiden. Budapestinensis, Sectio Biologica 13, 301-314 . Senckenbergiana Biologica 32, 95-153 . Loksa, I . 1979. Quantitative Untersuchungen Szalay, L. 1951 . Drei neue Weberknechte über die Makrofauna der Laubstreu i n (Opiliones) aus Ungarn . Annales Historico- Zerreichen- und Hainsimsen-Eichen- naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1, 126- Beständen des Bükk-Gebirges . Opuscula 132. Zoologica 16, 87-95. Szalay, L. 1968. Pókszabásúak I. Arachnoidea Loksa, I. 1988. Über einige Arthropoden- I. In: Fauna Hungariae 18, 1-122. Gruppen aus dem Biosphäre-Reservat de s Székessy, V . 1944. Die Fauna der Storchnester . Pilis-Gebirges (Ungarn) . 1 . Di e Veröffentlichungen aus der Erzherzog Albrech t Diplopoden, Chilopoden, Weberknecht e Biologischen Station des ungarischen und Spinnen vom Szamár-Berg und au s National-Museums I, 155-174. der Umgebung der Löss-Wand von Basa - Van der Weele, R. 1998a . Holoscotolemon jaqueti harc . Opuscula Zoologica 23, 159-176. (Corti, 1905) (Opiliones, , Erebomastridae), the first Laniatores

Komposch: Harvestman fauna of Hungary 235

recorded from Hungary . Folia Entomologic a NW Ohati era, Feskeret, Nyirőlapos, Nyári- Hungarica 59, 231-233 . Járás ; Tisza-lowland plain, ? N, ? E, 100 m; lit- Van der Weele, R . 1998b . Harvestmen ter of a Turkey oak forest and Phragmites, h .-c., (Opiliones) caught in pitfall traps in the s.-s., Ch. & B. K. leg. Börzsöny Mountains (N Hungary). Folia H-8: 28.05.1996 : BükkMountains, 3 km W Ré- Entomologica Hungarica 59, 227-230. páshuta near the Heregrét car park, W Varga, A. 1994. Kaszáspók faunisztikai jegyze- Miskolc, Fekete-len, 48°03' N, 20°30' E, 600-650 tek (Magyarország) (Arachnoidea , m; moist, calciphilous beech forest with deep Phalangidae) . Folia Historico naturalia Musei leaf litter accumulations in a doline, s.-s ., Ch. Mátraensis 19, 165-168. & B. K. leg. Weiss, I. 1996 . Die Weberknechtfauna H-9: 28.05.1996 : Bükkmountains, Répáshuta, Siebenbürgens (Arachnida, Opiliones) . SW-slope of Köves-Várad, Balla-bérc NE- Stapfia 45, 259-280. slope, 48°02' N, 20°31' E, 450-500 m; moist, cal- ciphilous beech-maple forest with shallow lea f layers and moss-covered rocks, h .-c., s.-s., Ch. Appendix I . List of collecting localities . & B. K. leg. H-1: 20.05.1996 : 2 km NW Hosszúhetény (near H-10: 29.05.1996: AggtelekNational Park, the Kövestető Hotel), NE Pécs, Mecsek Moun- Szelcepuszta N Miskolc, brook Ménes-patak, 7 tains SE, 46°09 N, 18°20 E, 420 m ; dry oak an d km NE Jósvafő, N Szinpetri, 48°31 N, 20°36 E, oak-hornbeam wood, h .-c., Ch. K. leg. 350-470 m; moist, calciphilous beech-maple H-2: 21.05.1996: Misina (limestone-hill above forest with deep leaf litter accumulations nea r the Dömörkapu car park), Pécs N, Mecsek a brook, h.-c., s.-s., Ch. B. K. leg. Mountains S, 46°06 ' N, 18°14' E, 360-440 m; H-11: 29.05.1996 : AggtelekNational Park, 1 downy oak and beech forest respectively, h .-c., km N Komjáti above Pasnyag-f., 3 km N E s.-s., Ch. & B. K. leg. Bódvaszilas, N Miskolc, 48°33' N, 20°45' E, 180 H-3: 21 .05.1996: Duliman-dűlő, 1 km S m; meadowssweet fen and Phragmites-Urtica- Cserkút, W Pécs, Mecsek Mountains S, Trans- stock near a brook, h.-c., Ch. & B. K. leg. danubia, 46°04 N, 18°07 E, 180-220 m; downy H-12: 30.05.1996 : Budapest NW, quarry oak forest with shallow layer of soil, h .-c., Ch. Mátyás hegy, right river side of the Danube, B. K. leg. 47°34' N, 19°01 ' E, 230 m; dry oak-pine fores t H-4: 22.05.1996 : Dráva-meder (flood-plain and ruderal area with Crataegus and Rosa, h.- wood), S Kémes, left river bank, SW Harkány, c., Ch. & B. K. leg. SSW Pécs, 45°46' N, 18°05' E, 100 m; silted-up H-13: 31.05.1996: Bakony-wood, SE Kislőd, S zone of a pond with Phragmites; under a root- little railway-station, SW Városlőd, W Vesz - stock, h.-c., Ch. & B. K. leg. prém, 47°09' N, 17°37' E, 300 m; beech forest H-5: 23.05.1996: KiskunságNational Park, 2-3 near a brook, s.-s., Ch. & B. K. leg. km W Fülöpháza, W Kecskemét, Tisza- H-13' : 31.05.1996: Bakony-wood, SE Kislőd, lowland plain , 46°52' N, 19°24' E, 130 m ; near a little railway-station, SW Városlőd, W puszta with a robinia-forest, h.-c., Ch. & B. K. Veszprém, 47°09' N, 17°37' E, 300 m; meadows leg. sweet fen like moist meadow with Phragmites , H-6: 25.05.1996: Danube flood-plains,Bárány- h.-c., Ch. & B. K. leg. fokESzekszárd, Gemenci-erdő Nature Re- H-14: 11.07.2002 : E Kávás, above road, WNW serve; right river bank near a narrow-gaug e Zalaegerszeg, Transdanubia, 46°52' N, 16°43 ' railway station, SW Sió/Danube-mouth, 46°18 E, 180 m; ruderal area and forest edge with N, 18°54 E, 100 m; moist litter of a poplar and numerous fallen tree trunks and dry-ston e oak wood, h.-c., s.-s., Ch. B . K. leg. piles, h .-c., Ch. & B. K., T. & M. Frieß leg. H-7: 27.05.1996: HortobágyNational Park,

236 European Arachnology 2002

H-15: 11 .07.2002 : NKávás, right river ban k H-23: 09.08.2002, Brennbergbánya, mining gal- near a bridge, W Zalaegerszeg, Transdanubia, lery, Ort ; WSW Sopron, 47°39 N, 16°29 E, 435 46°52 N, 16°42 E, 170 m; silted-up river zone m; mining gallery, entrance area up to 15 m and concrete wall of the bridge respectively, into the mountain, h .-c ., Ch . K. leg . h.-c ., Ch. K . leg. H-24: 09.08.2002 : Hegykő, church; WNW Ka- H-16: 11 .07.2002: Zalaegerszeg, W centre near puvár, Neusiedler lake, 47°37 N, 18°47 E, 12 5 a church, Transdanubia, 46°50 N, 16°50 E, 170 m; concrete wall of a building, h .-c ., Ch. B . m; concrete wall of a building, h.-c ., Ch. B . K. leg. K., T . Frieß leg . H-25: 10.08.2002, Répcevis(Heils), river Répce H-17: 11 .07.2002 : Balaton W, W Balatonberény, (Rabnitz), ENE Kőszeg (Guns), 47°26 N, 16°40 SE Keszthely, 46°42 N, 17°18 E, 170 m ; ol d E, 175 m; concrete wall of a bridge, h .-c ., Ch. willow wood with a +/- moist leaf litter, s .-s., B. K. leg . Ch. K. T . Frieß leg. H-26: 10 .08.2002 : Geschriebenstein Nature H-18: 12 .07.2002 : Haláp, basalt mountain- Park near car park, NNE ház, WSW Kőszeg summit, N Zalahaláp, NNE Tapolca, 46°55 N, (Guns), 47°23 N, 16°30 E, 495 m ; chestnut- 17°27 E, 280 m; robinia-forest with smal l (oak)-forest with deep leaf litter accumulations screes; under stones, h .-c., Ch . K. T. Frieß in a furrow, s .-s ., Ch . B . K . leg. leg. H-27: 10 .08.2002 : Geschriebenstein Nature H-19: 12 .07.2002 : W Zalacsány, W Keszthely, Park, beside road to Velem (St. Veit), NN E Transdanubia, 46°48 N, 17°04 E, 175 m ; alde r Oház, WSW Kőszeg (Guns), 47°22 N, 16°30 E , (poplar) forest with a shallow and moderat e 400 m; scree in a fresh deciduous forest with moist leaf layer, s .-s ., Ch. B . K., T . M. maple, linden, hornbeam and beech, h .-c., Ch. Frieß leg. B . K . leg. H-20: 08 .08.2002 : SE Draßburg, near Austrian H-28: 10.08.2002 : Fertő-HanságNational Park , border, NW Sopron, E Mattersburg, 47°42 N , Neusiedler lake S-shore, N Hegykő, WNW 16°33 E, 260 m; small field shrub with walnu t Kapuvár, 47°38 N, 16°47 E, 125 m; willo w trees, elder and bramble thicket, h .-c., Ch. K. wood edge near agricultural area and ree d leg. bed, h .-c., Ch. K. leg . H-20 : 08 .08.2002 : SE Draßburg, near Austria n H-29: 09.09.2002: RiverRába(Raab), right rive r border, NW Sopron, E Mattersburg, 47°42 N, side, NW Háromház (Dreihof), ENE Szent- 16°33 E, 260 m; thin litter in a small moist fur - gotthárd (St . Gotthard), SE Heiligenkreuz, 46 ° row in a small field shrub with walnut trees , 57 N, 16°19 E, 205 m; ruderal river banks wit h elder, bramble and Urtica, s .-s., Ch. B . K . leg. an old willow ; under boards, h .-c ., Ch. K. leg . H-21: 09 .08.2002 : Brennbergbánya, near th e H-30: 17 .06.2003 : WSWHarkány, WSW Siklós, graveyard " Zur heiligen Barbara", WSW So- S Pécs; 45°50N, 18°11E, - 100 m; meadow; G . pron; Ödenburger mountains, 47°39 N, 16°30 Kunz leg . E, 460 m ; ruderal hornbeam-spruce-fores t H-31: 18 .06.2003 : PécsNW, Dömörkapu, sur- edge ; under lying spruce trunks, h .-c., Ch. B . roundings of the Hotel Mediterran; 46°05N, K . leg . 18°12E, - 350 m; oak-forest; G . Kunz leg. H-22: 09 .08.2002 : Brennbergbánya, NE th e H-32: 18 .06.2003 : Danube flood-plains W Baja, graveyard " Zur heiligen Barbara", WSW So- Gemenci-woods ; 46°11, 18°52E, 100 m; poplar pron ; Ödenburger mountains, 47°39 N, 16°30 wood; G . Kunz . leg . E, 460 m; fresh deciduous forest with alder , hazel, linden, hornbeam and bramble, s .-s ., Ch. B . K . leg.

Komposch: Harvestman fauna of Hungary 237

Appendix II. Number of harvestman-specimens for each species at the particular localities H- I to H-32 .

O - N M M •O t~ 7 7 no Species = 2 2 2 2= 2 2 2 2 2= 2 2 2 2 2 2 I Holoscotolemon jaqueti 3 2 2 Carinostoma elegans 6 3 1 5 3 1 7 4 Nemastoma bidentatum 1 2 1 6 sparsum 5 7 3 6 Paranemastoma quadripunct 7 Dicranolasma scabrum 6 3 5 8 Trogulus cf. nepaeformis 2 2 9 Trogulus tingiformis 1 2 I O 1 Trogulus sp. 1 2 2 2 I I Ischyropsalis hellw. hellwigi 12 Astrobunus laevipes 4 13 Egaenus convexus 2 7 14 dentiger 1 1 15 1 1 3 2 6 3 16 Lacinius horridus 1 2 7 Lacinius sp. 1 17 Leiobunum rotundum 4 18 Leiobunum rupestre 19 palpinalis 2 1 20 morio 21 Nelima semproni 15 4 22 tridens 7 23 Opilio saxatilis 6 Opilio sp. 4 24 Phalangium opilio 8 4 25 Platybunus bucephalus 3 8 3 26 triangularis 2 2 9 1 27 Zacheus crista 2 1 1 total 3 9 1 1 6 14 2 22 36 17 6 7 7 10 40 12 2 14

238 European Arachnology 2002

N M %O CO C O cV CO C O O M M ,, 111111111111111N N N N N N N N N N N 1 no Species 2 Holoscotolemon jaqueti 5 2 Carinostoma elegans 6 3 Mitostoma chrysomelas 1 3 2 1 4 Nemastoma bidentatum 26 2 9 4 5 1 stparsum 5 Nemastoma lugubre 1 0 6 Paranemastoma quadripunct. 4 2 6 7 Dicranolasma scabrum 1 4 8 Trogulus cf. nepaeformis 1 5 9 Trogulus tingiformis 3 I 0 Trogulus tricarinatus 1 Trogulus sp . 2 1 1 1 1 I I Ischyropsalis hellw. hellwigi 3 3 12 Astrobunus laevipes 5 1 0 I 3 Egaenus convexus 9 4 Lacinius dentiger 3 5 15 Lacinius ephippiatus 1 6 16 Lacinius horridus 2 9 2 1 Lacinius sp . 1 7 Leiobunum rotundum 9 1 1 4 8 Leiobunum rupestre 10 1 0 19 Lophopilio palpinalis 3 20 1 1 21 Nelima sem proni 1 3 13 1 45 1 2 2 2 1 90 22 2 1 2 4 1 6 23 Opilio saxatilis 1 8 Opilio sp . 4 24 Phalangium opilio 1 5 1 20 25 Platybunus bucephalus 1 4 26 1 1 5 27 Zacheus crista 1 5 total 1 35 17 6 68 14 6 5 9 5 13 2 4 1 1 2 398

Komposch : Harvestman fauna of Hungary 23 9

Appendix III . Annotated checklist of Hungarian Opiliones (status: x = definitively known fro m Hungary; ? = occurrence plausible ; new = new to the fauna of Hungary ; m/f/juv/ind = males/females/ juveniles/individuals = number of specimens collected between 1996 and 2003 at the localities H- I to H - 32, see Fig. 2). Systematic order of families after Martens (1978) .

no. family/species status m/f/juv/in d commen t Cladonychiidae I Holoscotolemon jaqueti (Corti, 1905 ) x 2/3/-/5 first record by Van der Weele (1998a ) 2 Carinostoma elegans (Soerensen, 1894) x -/6/-/6 locally distributed ; one recent record in the Aggtelek National Park 3 Mitostoma chrysomelas (Hermann, x 12/9/-/21 classified by Dudich (1932 : 58) as a "Hemi- 1804) troglobiont", by Kolosváry Homonnay (1967 : 79) as a "montane Grottenbewohnerin"; severa l recent records in moist habitats; synonyms, Crosbycus bkkensis Loksa, 1962, C. transdanubicus Loksa, 1962 4 Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum Gruber x 21/28/2/5 1 widespread in Hungary (e .g . Loksa 1962 sub Martens, 1968 Nemastoma bidentatum Roewer); the most efficient collecting-method is sifting the leaf - layer 5 Nemastoma lugubre (Müller, 1776) x 5/5/-/1 0 lives in northern Hungary and Transylvania/ Siebenbürgen (Weiss 1996); published partly sub N. bimaculatum (Fabricius) (e. g. Bokor 1998) ; see distribution map in Martens (1978 : 105 ) 6 Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Perty, x 3/3/-/6 central European area; reaches the western part s 1833 ) of Hungary (Ödenburger mountains, Bakony Mountains?) 7 Paranemastoma silli (Herman, 1871 ) ? endemic to the Carpathians; „Ungarn, Angaben im Schrifttum durchweg unsicher, da mehrer e Arten (silli, kochi, quadripunctatum) ständig verwechselt wurden; hier erfolgt Zuordnung nach geographischer Evidenz, Tiszakarád (Kolosváry 1965, N. nervosum), Simontornya (Roewer 1951, N. wiehlei ; Zuordnun g unsicher)” (Martens 1978 : 128); listed by Van der Weele (1998a)

Dicranolasmatidae 8 Dicranolasma scabrum (Herbst, 1799) x 6/6/2/14 records from the northern border with Slovakia , Cserhát E, Mátra (Varga 1994), Bükk (e .g. Boko r in litt.), Aggtelek and S Danube, Pilis an d Visegrád mountains (Loksa 1988, 1991), see Gruber (1993, 1996)

240 European Arachnology 2002

no family/species status m/f/juv/ind comment Trogulidae 9 Trogulus cf. nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763) new 4/1/-/5 the T. nepaeformis-group is taxonomically still unresolved; missing in the great Hungaria n lowland plain ? I 0 Trogulus tingiformis C. L Koch, 1848 x? / -/1/2/3 records of Trogulus aquaticus Simon, 1879 (e .g . new Kolosváry 1929 : 89 Fig . 61 ; Loksa 1961 ; Varg a 1994) may concern T. tingiformis althoug h Kolosváry s measurements of all mentione d Trogulus species seem not reliable ; Weiss (1996: 277) classified Trogulus aquaticus as a species, which has been published from Transylvani a from several localities, "die nicht gedeute t werden konnte"; missing in the list of Van der Weele (1998a); recent records from the western parts of Hungary Trogulus cf. tricarinatus (Linnaeus, I767) x -/1/41 Which of the two "forms" occur in Hungary ? compare the drawings in Martens (1978 : 169 ) and Komposch (2000a : 5 ff.) (the author did not see males) Ischyropsalididae 12 Ischyropsalis hellwigi hellwigi (Panzer, x 2/1/-/3 another record from a cave, male and femal e 1794) from the rock face (40 and 150 cm respectively above the ground) between 10 and 15 metre s from the entrance ; see Martens (1978 : 193), "Höhle bei Szakonyfalu (Loksa leg.) " Phalangiidae 13 Astrobunus laevipes (Canestrini, 1872) x 7/3/-/10 first record by Kolosváry (1929 : 99, "Budapest, Virányos"); widespread in Hungary (e .g. Bokor 1996); in the literature frequently sub Roeweriolus hungaricus Kolosváry, 1933, Roeweriolus Dudichi Szalay, 1951 and Astrobunu s meadi (Thorell) (compare Gruber 1964); the dominant epigeic species in the litter of variou s oak forests (Loksa 1991) 14 Egaenus convexus (C . L Koch, 1835) x 7/2/-/9 widely distributed but in lowland and floo d plains locally rare or missing (Martens 1978); primarily in mountainous regions above 350 m (e .g . Kolosváry 1948; Loksa 1988, 1991 ) 15 Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 x one single record from Hungary by Avram (1968: 122 ff . "Tisa, rive gauche, km 738" sub Gyas annulatus (Olivier)); missing in th e checklist of Van der Weele (1998a) 16 Lacinius dentiger (C . L Koch, 1848) x -/-/5/5 missing in most faunistic papers, misidentification (Lacinius ephippiatus) e .g. in Kolosváry 1929; mentioned ("Sopron") and drawn by Szalay (1968 : 111); three current records (Ödenburger and Mecsek Mountains) in ruderal areas and thermophilous forest edge s

Komposch: Harvestman fauna of Hungary 241

no family/species status m/f/juv/in d comment 17 Lacinius ephippiatus (C . L Koch, 1835) x 1/2/13/1 6 old data need to be revised (compare Martens 1978 : 332 ; Van der Weele 1998b : 228); concerning misidentification see Lacinius dentiger (missing in Kolosváry 1929); syn . : Odiellus hungaricus Kolosváry, 1941 (compar e Weiss 1996) ; several recent localities from the western and northern parts of Hungary 18 Lacinius horridus (Panzer, 1794) x -/-/21/2 1 widespread and constant occurrence in dr y habitats ; "offenbar in allen Landesteilen" (Martens 1978 : 325 ) 19 Leiobunum rotundum (Latreille, 1798) x 2/10/2/14 few records from anthropogenic influence d river banks west to the river Danube; a synonymy with Liobunum soproniense Szalay, 1951 seems possible 20 Leiobunum rupestre (Herbst, 1799) x 9/1/-/10 poorly known distribution (e .g . Kolosváry 1965) ; a recent record from shaded rock faces and screes in the Geschriebenstein Nature Par k near the Austrian border 2 I Leiobunum tisciae Avram, 1968 x "Ungarn, oberes Theiß-Tal im Mündungsgebiet des Thur zwischen Flußkilometern 715 und 744" (Avram 1968 : 115 ff.; Martens 1978 : 413) ; expansive species (Martens in litt .; Komposc h 1998: 38) ; missing in the checklist of Van de r Weele (1998a) 22 Lophopilio palpinalis (Herbst, 1799) x -/-/3/3 first record "für die Fauna Rumpfungarns" in the Kecske-cave (Bükk Mts .) in 1938 (Kolosváry 1939a : 205, 1939b) ; Van der Weele (1998b) 23 Mitopus morio (Fabricius, 1799) x 1/4-/1 quite similar situation to that in the Alps (e.g . Komposch 1999), quite common in mountainous regions and rather rare in th e Great Hungarian Plain (Van der Weele 1998b ) 24 Nelima sem proni Szalay, 195 I x 7/11/42/9 0 Locus typicus, "Tacsi-Graben" SW Sopron (rem : 47°39 N, 16°32 E ; - 420 m) (Szalay 1951 : 132); etymology mysterious ; common in western Hungary, missing in the east ? 25 Oligolophus tridens (C. L Koch, 1836) x -/-/16/16 abundant in moist habitats, e.g . in the Tisza flood plains (Avram 1968 ) 26 Opilio dinaricus Silhavy, 1938 x Várpalota (rem : SW Budapest) (Rafalski 1962); underrepresented in the majority of arachnological studies (Komposch 2000b) 27 Opilio parietinus (De Geer, 1778) x "Überall" (Kolosváry 1932: 111) ; som e published records may concern O . saxatilis , "Eine strenge Trennung dieser beiden Arte n scheint mir nicht angebracht" (Kolosváry 1969 : 80) or other species ; "frequent near the houses . . . also on places where the anthropogenic effect is high" (Havranek Molnár (1965 : 106); no recent record by the author !

242 European Arachnology 2002

no family/species status m/f/juv/in d comment 28 Opilio saxatilis C . L Koch, 1839 x 1/1/6/8 in open grass steppes (puszta); a curious record from a stork-nest (Székessy 1944 ) 29 Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1761 x 11/2/7/20 "Ubiquistin" (Kolosváry 1965: 165) ; the heliophilous species "zieht sich jedoch be i trockener Witterung ebenfalls an feuchter e Stellen zurück" (Kolosváry 1969 : 80) 30 Platybunus bucephalus (C . L Koch, x 8/6/-/14 definitively known from the mountainous north 1835 ) (Mátra, Bükk, Aggtelek), usually absent in the lowland 3 I Platybunus pallidus Silhav, 1938 ? recorded from the Zemplén Mountains (Murányi 2002); the presence in Hungar y should be verified (D . Murányi in litt.) 32 Rilaena triangularis (Herbst, 1799) x 9/6/-/15 inhabits various types of forests; Juveniles ar e similar to juvenile Platybunus (identificatio n problematic ) 33 Zacheus crista (Brulle, 1832) x 1/44/5 this Ponto-Mediterranean species has the western border of its distribution in the Pilis (Loksa 1988, 1991) and Bakony Mountains,