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The Harvestman Fauna of Hungary (Arachnida, Opiliones)

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The Harvestman Fauna of Hungary (Arachnida, Opiliones) European Arachnology 2002 (F . Samu Cs . Szintár eds .), pp . 227-242. © Plant Protection Institute Berzsenyi College, Budapest, 2004. ISBN 963 214 791 X (Proceedings of the 20th European Colloquium ofArachnology, Szombathely 22-26 July 2002) The harvestman fauna of Hungary (Arachnida, Opiliones) CHRISTIAN KOMPOSC H ÖKOTEAM — Institute of Faunistics and Animal Ecology, Bergmanngasse 22, A — 8010 Graz, Austri a ([email protected]) Abstract In addition to few and partly questionable unpublished historical data from the collection of th e natural history museum of Vienna, faunistic data for 27 harvestman species from 32 Hungaria n localities spread over the whole country are provided . Trogulus tingiformis is definitively occurin g in Hungary, T. nepaeformis is recorded for the first time and Holoscotolemon jaqueti is documented from the Bükk Mountains . An up-to-date checklist of definitively known taxa contains 33 specie s belonging to 6 families . Key words : harvestman, checklist, Holoscotolemon jaqueti, Trogulus tingiformis, T. nepaeformis INTRODUCTIO N SHORT HISTORY OF EXPLORATIO N Hungarian arachnologists paid little attention The oldest harvestman-datasets from Hungar y to the order Opiliones with the exception o f concern the phalangiids Phalangium opilio, Dr . Gábor Kolosváry . The research on the Opilio parietinus and O . saxatilis collected by R . harvestman-fauna of Hungary began at the Anker in the years 1872 (?), 1880 and 188 1 end of the 19th century; in 1929 Kolosváry 's (Coll . NHMW). comprehensive book " Magyarorszá g In 1879 Ottó Herman published Kaszáspókjai / Die Weberknechte Ungarns" "Magyarország Pók-Faunája / Ungarns Spin- came out . Although dozens of opilionologica l nen-Fauna", the first comprehensive wor k papers have been published, a lot of funda- which listed 26 harvestman species fo r mental problems remain unsolved . Only 3 3 "Hungary" (taking into account the changin g harvestman species are actually known fro m political situation with the historic borders o f Hungary, while the species-numbers of the the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy with Tran- adjacent countries are 33 (Czech Republic an d sylvania, Slawonia, Croatia and Slovakia un - Slovakia respectively: Klimes 2000), 4 2 der the Hungarian crown) in the appendix o f (Ukraine : Klimes 2000 .), 46 (Romania : Marten s his book, while table X depicts Paranemastoma 1978; Weiss 1996), 63 (Croatia : provisional silli, which has been described by this autho r number, estimated at least 80 spp . T. Novak in sub Nemastoma Sillii from Hermannstadt ( = litt.), 63 (Slovenia: Novak Gruber 2000) and Sibiu) eight years before . 61 (Austria: Komposch 2002) . Thus an urgent Hermans fauna was followed by Adolf need for action is obvious . The aim of the pre- Lendl 's (1894) " Opiliones Musaei nationali s sent paper is to give a short survey of the his- Hungarici" (47 spp .) and Eugenius Daday s tory of exploration, an up-to-date checklist, (1896) " Fauna Regni Hungariae/ Ordo. Opil- and further new datasets from various parts of iones" (58 spp .). Carl-Friedrich Roewer (1923 ) the country collected between 1996 and 2003 , mentioned Hungary several times in his volu- including ecological details . minous work "Die Weberknechte der Erde" . 228 European Arachnology 2002 used his short scientific stay at the museum i n Budapest to publish the first record of Lania- tores from Hungary and a checklist of th e Opiliones unequivocally known from th e country (28 spp.). Further opilionological data were pro- vided by Anton v . Gebhardt, Endre Dudich , Vilmos Székessy, L . Havranek H. Molnár , Miklós Hörömpöly and Stefania Avram . Re- cent faunistic and ecological work has been done by András Varga, Zsuzsanna Bokor , Dávid Murányi and Tamás Szűts, respectively . MATERIAL AND METHOD S Series of the Opiliones collection from the Fig. I . Prof. Dr . Gábor Kolosváry (Gabriel vo n Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NHMW) Kolosváry) (I 90 I - 1968), the great Hungaria n with Hungarian provenance were revised b y opilionologist . Jürgen Gruber . Concerning the recent data, harvestmen were collected by means of a soil - Gábor Kolosváry (Fig . 1) produced the fin- sifter (s.-s .) and hand-collecting (h .-c .) in May est research on harvestmen in Hungary. Pub- 1996 (field trip organised by the Institute o f lishing "Magyarország Kaszáspókjai / Die We- Zoology from the University of Graz ; Ch . B . berknechte Ungarns" (54 spp .) his main intent Komposch (K .) leg.), from July to Septembe r was to make a comprehensive and mono- 2002 (Ch . B . Komposch, M . T . Frieß leg.) graphical "Hungarian Roewer book" (1929 : 7). and in June 2003 (G . Kunz leg .) in the localitie s Unfortunately Kolosváry did not trust his ow n H-1 to H-32 (Fig . 2). For the list of collecting careful drawings (of genital characters, etc .) places see Appendix I . The material is depos- but rather followed the obscure systematics o f ited in the private collection of the author . Roewer; because of this, the systematic part i s not very useful in contrast to his morphologi- Historical data from the collection of th e cal, anatomical and biological investigation s NHMW on harvestmen . Several papers between 193 2 A few series of Hungarian harvestme n and 1969 dealt with faunistic, taxonomic an d (Phalangium opilio, Opilio parietinus, O . saxa- ecological topics . tilis and Zacheus crista) collected between 1872 The most important arachnologist of the and 1905 are deposited in the Naturhis- second half of the 20th century, Imre Loksa, torisches Museum Wien (NHMW) . A singl e did not forget the harvestmen beside his inten- series of Astrobunus laevipes from the Tisza sive work on spiders (1948-1991) . Lászl ó plain was provided by St. Avram . (m = male, f Szalay investigated the Opilionids, described = female ) Nelima sempronii (1951) and other synonym s Ofen/ 1. Stuhlweissenburg, 2 . Szerard (? ) from the region of Sopron and summarised hi s (remark : origin doubtful), 1872 (rem: year of results in the " Fauna Hungariae – Arach- acquisition?), R . Anker leg., C .-F . Roewer det. noidea I., 4 . Phalangidea" (1968) . The recen t Phalangium opilio Linnaeus 1 f authors Jochen Martens and Jürgen Gruber (e . (NHMW 3802 ) g. 1978 with 27 spp . mentioned from Hun- Ofen (rem : an old German name of Buda, the gary) tidied up Roewers chaos, at least in western part of Budapest), 1880, R . Anker leg., Central Europe . Ruud van der Weele (1998a) C. Koelbel det . Komposch : Harvestman fauna of Hungary 22 9 Fig. 2 . Map of the collecting points H- I to H-32 (1996-2003) . The list of collecting places is given i n Appendix I . Opilio parietinus (De Geer) 6 m, 9 f Astrobunus laevipes (Canestrini) 1 m, 1 (NHMW 3914 ) f (NHMW 3450) ; sub A. meadi Opilio saxatilis C. L. Koch 2 f (NHMW A further dubious record from " Ungarn " 3928), J . Gruber rev . concerns a series of Leiobunum limbatum L. Gödöllő (rem: NE Budapest), 1880, ? leg ., Koch (10 m, 3 f; NHMW 3556), together wit h Steindachner don., C . Koelbel det. Leiobunum roseum (6 m; NHMW 3554) an d Opilio parietinus (De Geer) 5 m, 4 f, 1 Leiobunum rupestre (1 m; NHMW 3557) col- Juv. (NHMW 3915 ) lected by Frauenfeld and determined b y Opilio saxatilis C . L. Koch 1 m, 5 f Roewer . (NHMW 3929), J . Gruber rev. Velentze bei Stuhlweissenburg (rem : Velence, RESULT S near Székesfehérvár), 1881, R . Anker leg., Faunistic research Steindachner don., C. Koelbel det . The authors investigations from 1996 to 2003 Opilio parietinus (De Geer) 4 m, 4 f, led to a total of 148 data sets (398 specimens ) (NHMW 3916) belonging to 27 species and 6 families; 382 Opilio saxatilis C . L. Koch 2 f (NHM W specimens have been determined to species 3930), J. Gruber rev. (Appendix II) . Nearly 82% of the known Hun- Visegrád (rem : N Budapest), 1905, Penthe r garian species spectrum could be collected leg., C.-F . Roewer det . during two weeks . Zacheus crista (Brulle) 2 Ind .; sub Z. hungaricus Lend l Checklist Tisa (rem : = Tisza) km 744, 21 .07.1967, St. 33 harvestman-species belonging to 6 familie s Avram leg . et don . are definitively known from Hungary e, 230 European Arachnology 2002 (Appendix III) . The possible occurrence of tains from 1954 to 1974 . Ruud van der Weel e Paranemastoma silli, Gyas titanus and Platy- (1998a) found one specimen at the beginnin g bunus pallidus should be confirmed by furthe r of October 1995 under a large stone, which la y observations. A mysterious record of Anelas- deep in a thick layer of fallen leaves, in a beec h mocephalus cambridgei (Westwood, 1874) from forest in the Mátra Mountains near Mátraháza . the Bükk Mountains was published by Loks a In 1996 five specimens in total (2 males, 3 fe- (1968 : 277, sub " Analesmocephalus cambridge i males) were collected by the author in thic k Westw ." and without further comments); it is layers of fallen leaves in moist beech forests a t the one and only reference to the presence of a two localities in the Carpathian region (H-8 , representative of this genus in Hungary . If w e H-9 ; Fig . 4) by hand-collecting and using th e assume a correct determination of the genus , soil-sifter respectively . the species is likely to be Anelasmocephalus The occurrence of this laniatore shows a hadzii Martens, 1978 . Chemini (1984) was th e zoogeographical relationship between th e first to show a wider distribution of Trogulus Mátra and the Bükk Mountains to the Carpa- closanicus Avram, 1971 in Central Europe ; an thians, although Kolosváry (1935) consider s occurrence in Hungary is likely and further the Mátra mountains — with regard to the spi- material (especially from pitfall traps e .g. from der-coenosis — as a part of the Pannonic basi n araneological and carabidological investiga- and not of the Carpathians . tions) should be studied . The Carpathian taxa (Martens 1978; Weiss 1996) Ischyropsalis mani- cata L.
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