DOCSLIB.ORG

Plankton Diversity A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plankton Diversity A Plankton Diversity A. Phytoplankton Diatoms Class Bacillariophyceae. Phylum Chrysophyta. • Sometimes called the golden algae, because their characteristic yellow-brown pigments mask their green chlorophyll. • Dominate the phytoplankton in waters from the temperate to the polar zones. • They either occur as single cells or form chains. • They range in size from 2 µm to 1 mm. • Each cell is encased in a transparent silica shell of two valves that fit together much like a pillbox. The shell may be covered with spines, or it may be ornamented with a complex series of pores and ridges. The pores are the only connection between the cell and the external environment. • Planktonic diatoms are usually radially symmetrical (shaped like a pinwheel) and are known as centric diatoms, in contrast to pinnate diatoms, which are bilaterally symmetrical and usually live in sediments (i.e. benthic). • Diatoms reproduce very rapidly by binary cell division, with one valve going to each daughter cell and serving as the larger valve. A smaller valve is then formed. After several successive generations of cell division, cell size usually decreases to a lower threshold, when gametes are often formed. The smaller diatoms may also form an auxospore, which enlarges and casts off the valves, forms new large valves, and then undergoes asexual divisions. Some diatom species can form asexual resting spores with thickened frustle, which settle to the seabed and may be regenerated later as a planktonic form. 88 • Because of their asexual mode of reproduction, diatoms can increase in population size rapidly, when their populations discolor the water, it is known as a bloom. • Diatoms are most important as primary producers. Those that are not consumed by herbivores eventually die and sink to the ocean floor. • The cell walls of diatoms that sink to greater depths build up siliceous sediments called the siliceous ooze. Ooze: If fine sediments from the deep sea are more than 30% fine biogenous sediment by weight, then the sediment is known as an ooze. Dinoflagellates Class Dinophyceae, Phylum Pyrrophyta or Dinoflagellata • Exist at lower light levels than diatoms, because they can both photosynthesize like a plant and ingest organic materials like animals (i.e. mixotrophic). • Some species are parasitic on or live within zooplankton. • Mostly unicellular forms, but some form chains. • They range in size range from 20-200 µm. • They have two flagellae, the transverse flagellum is located in a groove (the girdle) that divides the cell into two subequal parts. The other flagellum is oriented perpen- dicularly to the transverse flagellum and extends toward the posterior. The two flagellae are resulted in the characteristic spinning movement of dinoflagellates. • The organism is generally covered with a series of contiguous cellulose plates or theca. Naked dinoflagellates (without theca) are also known. • Dinoflagellates reproduce asexually by binary fission and have the capacity to reproduce up to several times per day. • Some dinoflagellates are called fire algae, because they glow with bioluminescence at night. Dinoflagellate Blooms (Harmful Algal Bloom) and Red Tides • Red tide is the phenomenon where certain species of dinoflagellate increase rapidly of sufficient magnitude (numbering >108 cells l-1) to color the sea- water a dull red-brown. • The origin of red tides, like many other sudden blooms of phytoplankton, is an incompletely explained phenomenon. Red tides are often associated with 89 sudden influxes of nutrients from land sources into the sea. It is also associated with storms, which may mix nutrients into the surface layer of the ocean and remobilize populations of cysts buried in the bottom sediment, setting the stage for red tides. Along some coasts, the most common times for phytoplankton blooms are in the spring, after winter storms have mixed nutrients into the surface layer of the ocean and when water with warmer temperature, the daylight is longer and the sun light is stronger. toxins. Toxic species are (ﻗﻮيّ) Some dinoflagellate species produce potent • generally not poisonous to shellfish feeding on a bloom, but the toxins are concentrated in the tissue of the shellfish and produce PSP, NSP, or DSP in humans who eat them. Toxins can be transferred through the food web where they affect and even kill the higher forms of life such as fish, birds, marine mammals, and even humans. a) Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP): Algal cells contain highly lethal saxitoxin; accumulation of toxin in clams, mussel, scallops and fish lead to poisoning of people who eat them. In cases of severe poisoning, muscle paralysis and respiratory failure occur, and death may occur if the breathing centers are affected. The toxin is not affected by heat, so cooking the shellfish does not neutralize the poison. b) Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP): algal toxin is brevetoxin (Gymnodinium breve); neurological & gastrointestinal symptoms; aerosols can produce asthma; no deaths reported c) Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP): Okadaic acid, Dinophysis sp.; min after consumption 30 ( ﺗَ ﺸَ ﻨﱠ ﺞَ gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, cramps of toxic shellfish, not lethal, recovery ca. 3 days d) Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP): Ciguatoxin, Symptoms of ciguatera poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and reduced blood pressure. Ciguatera poisoning is rarely fatal but in severe cases convulsions, muscular paralysis, and death may occur. Symptoms usually clear in 1 to 4 weeks. Coccolithophores Phylum Chrysophyta • Coccolithophores are unicellular and usually nannoplanktonic (mostly <20 µm). • They are nearly spherical and are covered with a series of calcium carbonate (calcite) plates, or coccoliths. • Like many phytoplankton, coccolithophorids can form immense blooms which settle down to the ocean floor producing chalk deposits called calcareous oozes or more precisely coccolithophore ooze, including chalk used for classroom chalkboards. • Reproduce by simple cell division, rarely sexual reproduction. 90 Silicoflagellates Phylum Chrysophyta • Silicoflagellates are unicellular and biflagellate. • They have numerous chloroplasts and an internal skeleton of silicon dioxide (SiO2) scales or framework. • Their bloom can block sunlight from reaching underlying parts of the ocean. Cyanobacteria Class Cyanophyceae • Also called blue-green algae, although they are prokaryotic bacteria, not true algae. • Occur in and may dominate nearshore waters of restricted circulation, as well as brackish water. • Tiny (roughly 1 µm) unicellular forms have been found ubiquitously throughout the ocean and may be the food of smaller zooplankton. • Cyanobacteria can undergo nitrogen fixation, in which gaseous atmospheric nitrogen is converted to NH4+, or ammonium ion, and is then available for incorporation into amino acids and proteins. Fig. The colonial planktonic blue-green cyanobacterium Trichodesmium thiebautii. Green Algae Class Chlorophyceae Phylum Chlorophyta • The true green algae are rarely marine but can dominate the phytoplankton of enclosed estuaries or enclosed lagoons, especially in late summer and fall. • They can be flagellated with two apical or subapical flagella or nonmotile. phytoplankton blooms associated with (ﻣﺰﻋﺞ) Several species cause nuisance • coastal pollution. 91 Cryptomonad Flagellates Class Cryptophyceae Phylum Cryptophyta • Cryptomonad are a small group of flagellates. They are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. • They are a group of tiny flagellates, only around 10-20 µm in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. • There are typically two slightly unequal flagella inserting nearly parallel next to the pocket. B. Zooplankton Nutritional modes in zooplankton: Herbivores: feed primarily on phytoplankton Carnivores: feed primarily on other zooplankton (animals) Detrivores: feed primarily on dead organic matter (detritus) Omnivores: feed on mixed diet of plants and animals and detritus Crustacean Zooplankton Phylum Arthropoda Fig. Some zooplankton: (a) krill, (b) the cladoceran Podon, (c) a foraminiferan, (d) a radiolarian, (e) a comb jelly, (f) an arrow worm, (g) a scyphozoan jellyfish, and (h) a pleustonic siphonophore, the Portuguese man-of-war Physalia physalis. 92 ﻣﺠﺪاﻓﻴﺎت ا ﻷَ رْ ﺟُ ﻞٌ Copepods • Ö The most abundant zooplankton in all the oceans and marginal seas, “called insects of the sea“; Ö The copepods are the largest and most diversified group of crustaceans, account for 70% of crustaceans. Ö They are either Herbivorous, carnivorous or omnivorous species; Ö They range in length from less than 1 mm to a few millimeters. Ö The calanoid (Suborder Calanoida) are the most of marine planktonic species. They swim by means of rhythmic strokes of the first pair of anten- nae and the five posterior pairs of thoracic appendages. Calanoid copepods .antenna (آَﺸْﻜَﺶَ) are easily recognized by their longer-than-body frilly Ö The harpacticoids usually have benthic adults (epibenthic), but the larvae of some species may dominate the estuarine zooplankton. Their antennae are much shorter than their body length and they look like little torpedoes. Ö Still the cyclopoid species which are mainly freshwater. Cyclopoids are both planktonic and epibenthic. The planktonic copepod Euchaeta norvegica • Krill Family Euphausiidae, Ö Krill are shrimp like creatures ranging from 15 mm up to 5 cm long. Ö The name Krill comes from the Norwegian word krill meaning "young fry of fish". Ö They dominate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Atlas of the Copepods (Class Crustacea: Subclass Copepoda: Orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida)
    Taxonomic Atlas of the Copepods (Class Crustacea: Subclass Copepoda: Orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio by Jakob A. Boehler and Kenneth A. Krieger National Center for Water Quality Research Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio, USA 44883 August 2012 Atlas of the Copepods, (Class Crustacea: Subclass Copepoda) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio Acknowledgments The authors are grateful for the funding for this project provided by Dr. David Klarer, Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve. We appreciate the critical reviews of a draft of this atlas provided by David Klarer and Dr. Janet Reid. This work was funded under contract to Heidelberg University by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. This publication was supported in part by Grant Number H50/CCH524266 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve in Ohio is part of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS), established by Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act, as amended. Additional information about the system can be obtained from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1305 East West Highway – N/ORM5, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Financial support for this publication was provided by a grant under the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
    [Show full text]
  • Mote Marine Laboratory Red Tide Studies
    MOTE MARINE LABORATORY RED TIDE STUDIES FINAL REPORT FL DEP Contract MR 042 July 11, 1994 - June 30, 1995 Submitted To: Dr. Karen Steidinger Florida Marine Research Institute FL DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 100 Eighth Street South East St. Petersburg, FL 33701-3093 Submitted By: Dr. Richard H. Pierce Director of Research MOTE MARINE LABORATORY 1600 Thompson Parkway Sarasota, FL 34236 Mote Marine Laboratory Technical Report No. 429 June 20, 1995 This document is printed on recycled paper Suggested reference Pierce RH. 1995. Mote Marine Red Tide Studies July 11, 1994 - June 30, 1995. Florida Department of Environmental Pro- tection. Contract no MR 042. Mote Marine Lab- oratory Technical Report no 429. 64 p. Available from: Mote Marine Laboratory Library. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SUMMARY. 1 II. CULTURE MAINTENANCE AND GROWTH STUDIES . 1 Ill. ECOLOGICAL INTERACTION STUDIES . 2 A. Brevetoxin Ingestion in Black Seabass B. Evaluation of Food Carriers C. First Long Term (14 Day) Clam Exposure With Depuration (2/6/95) D. Second Long Term (14 Day) Clam Exposure (3/21/95) IV. RED TIDE FIELD STUDIES . 24 A. 1994 Red Tide Bloom (9/16/94 - 1/4/95) B. Red Tide Bloom (4/13/94 - 6/16/95) C. Red Tide Pigment D. Bacteriological Studies E. Brevetoxin Analysis in Marine Organisms Exposed to Sublethal Levels of the 1994 Natural Red Tide Bloom V. REFERENCES . 61 Tables Table 1. Monthly Combined Production and Use of Laboratory C. breve Culture. ....... 2 Table 2. Brevetoxin Concentration in Brevetoxin Spiked Shrimp and in Black Seabass Muscle Tissue and Digestive Tract Following Ingestion of the Shrimp ...............
    [Show full text]
  • Reported Siphonostomatoid Copepods Parasitic on Marine Fishes of Southern Africa
    REPORTED SIPHONOSTOMATOID COPEPODS PARASITIC ON MARINE FISHES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA BY SUSAN M. DIPPENAAR1) School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa ABSTRACT Worldwide there are more than 12000 species of copepods known, of which 4224 are symbiotic. Most of the symbiotic species belong to two orders, Poecilostomatoida (1771 species) and Siphonos- tomatoida (1840 species). The order Siphonostomatoida currently consists of 40 families that are mostly marine and infect invertebrates as well as vertebrates. In a report on the status of the marine biodiversity of South Africa, parasitic invertebrates were highlighted as taxa about which very little is known. A list was compiled of all the records of siphonostomatoids of marine fishes from southern African waters (from northern Angola along the Atlantic Ocean to northern Mozambique along the Indian Ocean, including the west coast of Madagascar and the Mozambique channel). Quite a few controversial reports exist that are discussed. The number of species recorded from southern African waters comprises a mere 9% of the known species. RÉSUMÉ Dans le monde, il y a plus de 12000 espèces de Copépodes connus, dont 4224 sont des symbiotes. La plupart de ces espèces symbiotes appartiennent à deux ordres, les Poecilostomatoida (1771 espèces) et les Siphonostomatoida (1840 espèces). L’ordre des Siphonostomatoida comprend actuellement 40 familles, qui sont pour la plupart marines, et qui infectent des invertébrés aussi bien que des vertébrés. Dans un rapport sur l’état de la biodiversité marine en Afrique du Sud, les invertébrés parasites ont été remarqués comme étant très peu connus.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Potential for Range Expansion of the Red Tide Algae Karenia Brevis
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations HCAS Student Theses and Dissertations 8-7-2020 Assessing the Potential for Range Expansion of the Red Tide Algae Karenia brevis Edward W. Young Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all Part of the Marine Biology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Edward W. Young. 2020. Assessing the Potential for Range Expansion of the Red Tide Algae Karenia brevis. Capstone. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (13) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all/13. This Capstone is brought to you by the HCAS Student Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Capstone of Edward W. Young Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Marine Science Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Arts and Sciences August 2020 Approved: Capstone Committee Major Professor: D. Abigail Renegar, Ph.D. Committee Member: Robert Smith, Ph.D. This capstone is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all/13 Nova Southeastern Univeristy Halmos College of Arts and Sciences Assessing the Potential for Range Expansion of the Red Tide Algae Karenia brevis By Edward William Young Submitted to the Faculty of Halmos College of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science with a specialty in: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University September 8th, 2020 1 Table of Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Transcriptomic Evidence for Ammonium Induction of Sexual Reproduction in Thalassiosira Pseudonana and Other Centric Diatoms
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Morphological and transcriptomic evidence for ammonium induction of sexual reproduction in Thalassiosira pseudonana and other centric diatoms Eric R. Moore1, Briana S. Bullington1, Alexandra J. Weisberg2, Yuan Jiang3, Jeff Chang2, Kimberly H. Halsey1* 1 Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America, 2 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of a1111111111 America, 3 Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract The reproductive strategy of diatoms includes asexual and sexual phases, but in many spe- cies, including the model centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, sexual reproduction has OPEN ACCESS never been observed. Furthermore, the environmental factors that trigger sexual reproduc- Citation: Moore ER, Bullington BS, Weisberg AJ, tion in diatoms are not understood. Although genome sequences of a few diatoms are avail- Jiang Y, Chang J, Halsey KH (2017) Morphological able, little is known about the molecular basis for sexual reproduction. Here we show that and transcriptomic evidence for ammonium induction of sexual reproduction in Thalassiosira ammonium reliably induces the key sexual morphologies, including oogonia, auxospores, pseudonana and other centric diatoms. PLoS ONE and spermatogonia, in two strains of T. pseudonana, T. weissflogii, and Cyclotella cryptica. 12(7): e0181098. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. RNA sequencing revealed 1,274 genes whose expression patterns changed when T. pseu- pone.0181098 donana was induced into sexual reproduction by ammonium. Some of the induced genes Editor: Douglas A. Campbell, Mount Allison are linked to meiosis or encode flagellar structures of heterokont and cryptophyte algae.
    [Show full text]
  • The Salmon Louse Genome: Copepod Features and Parasitic Adaptations
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.15.435234; this version posted March 16, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The salmon louse genome: copepod features and parasitic adaptations. Supplementary files are available here: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4600850 Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen§a,1, Ketil Malde*1,2, Christiane Eichner*2, Michael Dondrup*3, Tomasz Furmanek1, Francois Besnier1, Anna Zofia Komisarczuk2, Michael Nuhn4, Sussie Dalvin1, Rolf B. Edvardsen1, Sindre Grotmol2, Egil Karlsbakk2, Paul Kersey4,5, Jong S. Leong6, Kevin A. Glover1, Sigbjørn Lien7, Inge Jonassen3, Ben F. Koop6, and Frank Nilsen§b,1,2. §Corresponding authors: [email protected]§a, [email protected]§b *Equally contributing authors 1Institute of Marine Research, Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway 2University of Bergen, Thormøhlens Gate 53, 5006 Bergen, Norway 3Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen 4EMBL-The European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK 5 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK 6 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3N5, Canada 7 Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 6, 1433, Ås, Norway 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.15.435234; this version posted March 16, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Algal Toxins and Reverse Osmosis Desalination Operations: Laboratory Bench Testing and field Monitoring of Domoic Acid, Saxitoxin, Brevetoxin and Okadaic Acid
    water research 46 (2012) 6563e6573 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/watres Algal toxins and reverse osmosis desalination operations: Laboratory bench testing and field monitoring of domoic acid, saxitoxin, brevetoxin and okadaic acid Erica L. Seubert a,*, Shane Trussell b, John Eagleton c,1, Astrid Schnetzer a,2, Ivona Cetinic a,3, Phil Lauri d,4, Burton H. Jones a,5, David A. Caron a a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 301, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA b Trussell Technologies Inc., 6540 Lusk Boulevard, Suite C175, San Diego, CA 92121, USA c Separation Processes Inc., 3156 Lionshead Ave., Suite 2, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA d West Basin Municipal Water District, 17140 Avalon Blvd., Suite 210, Carson, CA 90746, USA article info abstract Article history: The occurrence and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing globally Received 10 June 2012 during the past few decades. The impact of these events on seawater desalination facilities Received in revised form has become an important topic in recent years due to enhanced societal interest and 24 August 2012 reliance on this technology for augmenting world water supplies. A variety of harmful Accepted 23 September 2012 bloom-forming species of microalgae occur in southern California, as well as many other Available online 4 October 2012 locations throughout the world, and several of these species are known to produce potent neurotoxins. These algal toxins can cause a myriad of human health issues, including Keywords: death, when ingested via contaminated seafood.
    [Show full text]
  • (Rhincodon Typus) from the GULF of CALIFORNIA
    INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN TISSUES OF WHALE SHARK (Rhincodon typus) FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS MARINAS PRESENTA FRANCESCA PANCALDI LA PAZ, B.C.S., JULIO DE 2020 En la Ciudad de La Paz, B.C.S., el día 06 del mes de Junio del año 2020 El (la) que suscribe M en C. FRANCESCA PANCALDI Alumno (a) del Programa DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS MARINAS con número de registro B161000 adscrito al CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS manifiesta que es autor(a) intelectual del presente trabajo de tesis, bajo la dirección de: Dr. FELIPE GALVÁN MAGAÑA Y DR. FEDERICO PAEZ OSUNA y cede los derechos del trabajo titulado: “BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN TISSUES OF WHALE SHARK (Rhincodon typus) FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA” al Instituto Politécnico Nacional, para su difusión con fines académicos y de investigación. Los usuarios de la información no deben reproducir el contenido textual, gráficas o datos del trabajo sin el permiso expreso del autor y/o director del trabajo. Éste, puede ser obtenido escribiendo a la siguiente dirección: [email protected] - [email protected] – Si el permiso se otorga, el usuario deberá dar el agradecimiento correspondiente y citar la fuente del mismo. M en C. FRANCESCA PANCALDI Nombre y firma del alumno Dedication ...all’Oceano e a tutte le meravigliose creature che vivono in lui, soprattutto gli squali balena... Acknowledgements Al Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) y al Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR) que me dieron la oportunidad de ser parte de esta grande familia.
    [Show full text]
  • Fecundity and Survival of the Calanoid Copepod <I>Acartia Tonsa
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Master's Theses Spring 5-2007 Fecundity and Survival of the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa Fed Isochrysis galeana (Tahitian Strain) and Chaetoceros mulleri Angelos Apeitos University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Apeitos, Angelos, "Fecundity and Survival of the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa Fed Isochrysis galeana (Tahitian Strain) and Chaetoceros mulleri" (2007). Master's Theses. 276. https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/276 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi FECUNDITY AND SURVIVAL OF THE CALANOID COPEPOD ACARTIA TONSA FED ISOCHRYSIS GALEANA (TAHITIAN STRAIN) AND CHAETOCEROS MULLER! by Angelos Apeitos A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of the University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science May2007 ABS1RACT FECUNDITY AND SURVIVAL OF THE CALANOID COPEPOD ACARTIA TONSA FED ISOCHRYSIS GALEANA (TAHITIAN STRAIN) AND CHAETOCEROS MULLER! Historically, red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) larviculture at the Gulf Coast Research Lab (GCRL) used 25 ppt artificial salt water and mixed, wild zooplankton composed primarily of Acartia tonsa, a calanoid copepod. Acartia tonsa was collected from the estuarine waters of Davis Bayou and bloomed in outdoor tanks from which it was harvested and fed to red sapper larvae.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off Fort Lauderdale, Florida
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 6-1-2010 A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off orF t Lauderdale, Florida Jessica L. Bostock Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Jessica L. Bostock. 2010. A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, Oceanographic Center. (92) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/92. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current off Fort Lauderdale, Florida By Jessica L. Bostock Submitted to the Faculty of Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a specialty in: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University June 2010 1 Thesis of Jessica L. Bostock Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center June 2010 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor :______________________________ Amy C. Hirons, Ph.D. Committee Member :___________________________ Alexander Soloviev, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Life in the Oceanic Realms
    GENERAL ¨ ARTICLE Life in the Oceanic Realms Chandralata Raghukumar The marine environment includes the nutrient-rich coastal waters, relatively nutrient-poor open oceanic waters, coral reef atolls, metal-rich hydrothermal vent fluids with tem- peratures of 200-350oC, cold-seeps, estuaries, mangrove swamps, intertidal beaches and rocky shores. Oceans are home to some of the most diverse and unique life forms. This Chandralata Raghukumar article is an attempt to introduce some of the fundamentals of is an emeritus scientist at biologicaloceanography andmarine biologyto describe life in the National Institute of the sea. Oceanography, Goa. After obtaining a PhD in plant I’dliketobeunderthesea, pathology, she worked for 5 years on fungal diseases In an octopus’s garden in the shade, of marine algae in the We would be warm below the storm, Institute for Marine In our little hideaway beneath the waves, Research, Bremerhaven, We would be so happy, you and me, Germany. At NIO she worked on algal and coral No one there to tell us what to do. pathology and marine fungal biotechnology. Her May this song by the Beatles be an inspiration to a career in major interests are biological oceanography! The general notion about oceanogra- industrially important phy research revolves around scuba diving, killer whales, sharks, enzymes from marine fungi and physiology of giant octopus and lobsters. But the oceans are much more than deep-sea fungi. these. Oceans are home to some of the most diverse life forms. These vary from whales, several metres long to bacteria smaller than a micron, creatures drab to stunning looking, sedate to constant swimmers, those which eat from anything to everything and those which are choosy about their meals.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Mammal Pharmacology
    27 PHARMACEUTICALS AND FORMULARIES CLAIRE A. SIMEONE AND MICHAEL K. STOSKOPF Contents Introduction Introduction .......................................................................... 593 This chapter aims to provide clinicians and scientists working Routes for Administering Drugs to Marine Mammals ......... 594 with marine mammals with a convenient and rapidly acces- Dose Scaling ......................................................................... 595 sible single source on the subject. A compilation of the avail- Drug Interactions and Adverse Effects ................................ 596 able pharmacological information on cetaceans, pinnipeds, Life-Threatening Adverse Reactions .................................... 596 sirenians, sea otters (Enhydra lutris), and polar bears (Ursus Hepatic Effects ...................................................................... 596 maritimus) is provided. Readers must be aware at all times Renal Effects ......................................................................... 597 that drugs discussed in this chapter may have only been Gastrointestinal Effects ......................................................... 597 used on a limited number of individual animals from a nar- Nervous System Effects ........................................................ 597 row range of species, so all information must be interpreted Dermal Effects ...................................................................... 598 with caution. No drugs have been licensed for use in marine Otic Effects ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]