pcscrtptions of r ttW' Oreens Rules,of flie (isnie Byc-L'atvs of Hie RepiatioiiH'Jor' Star CioSS'tn^ Khymcs Ac, &c, '• I- ABVKimSISMUNTS. R. FORGAN W & SON, Coif Club Mailers to %s^t^ H.R.H, Prince of Wales , .

Gold Medal—Highest Award for CLUBS and BALLS, International Exhibition, , 1886, A Large Stock of Well-Selected and Seasoned CLUHS and BALLS always on hand. Club Boxes and Waterproof Covers, Golfing Gloves, and every Requisite for the Game kept in Stock. Wholesale and Export Terms on Application. Makers of the Famous AGRI PPA GOLF BALLS (Under arrangement with the Agrippa Coy., Coventry). Used by the Best Players (both Amateur and Pro- fessional) all over the World. Sole Makers of Weber's Patent Waterproof Beech Heads. TOM MORRIS, <% ^all jtfaqufacturer (WHOLESALE AND RETAIL), THE LINKS, ST ANDREWS.

Club Covers ano all "(Requisites for tbc (Bame of (Bolt MORRIS'S MACHINE-MADE BALLS. OLD BALLS RE-MADE.

Repairs Executed by Experienced Workmen. ADVERTISEMENTS. D. & W. A.UCHTERLONIE (W. Auchterlonie, Winner of Open Golf Championship, August 1893), GOLF CLUB SPECIALISTS AND BALL MAKERS, ALBANY PLAGE—(Workshop, Union St.), ST

Auehterlonle's Special Patent Approaching' Cleek kept In Stock, Price 6s 6tl.,i SPECIAL CLUBS. In Wood or Iron, made to order, or any Club Leather-Faoed to suit individual taste, REPAIRING. This Department is in charge of an Expert, and all work of this nature shall have prompt and careful attention. Grosifpaiie Si LorimBr, 6olf Club and Ball ittakm, 146 NORTH STREET (Opposite IMPERIAL HOTEL), ST AN DREWS.

NOTE.—All our Clubs are made by Practical Clubmakers, and therefore Unsurpassed for either Quality or "Workmanship. fl LCN3GE Variety of Well-Seasoned. Balls Kept irj StoeK, ADVERTISEMENTS. Charles Donaldson, Gentlemen's Darter, fcoster, (35lover, ant> Sbfrtmafter.

SILK HATS, 10/6, 13/6, IB/6, FtLT HATS, 3/C, 4/0. C/B, 710,

Ladles' and Boys' and Gentlemen's Girls' STRAW HATS. STRAW HATS. TWEED CAPS, Stf, //-, 7/0, 210, 4/8. The Largest Assortment and the Best Value In Ladles' and Gentlemen's NECK TIBS, in all the Latest Styles. REQUISITES. GOLPINC; GLOVES, HAND I/6, 2/6, 3/-, & 4/- per pr. STCK T LEF -HAND GI.OVKS, Now Pmmrnii, a/d u 7/1. - 1/6 and 2/-. C'lVlflC ICI' Sill KI'ST.|/fi t GOLFING JACKETS, Cill.KINCi SLIIKTS 3/6 to 18/6. ,<&- GOLFING CAFS, 6d lo 4/6. 7/fi. BELTS, HIJACKS, GARTENS I'liH.KKT I'HOUSI'.KS, THE GOL KKH'S nf UnshiinkuWi: Kin: mcl, UMHKKI.LA, 10/6, I •-• /<*i, iiml 1.1/6 pt: Extra Strong Make,35/6. ui- Mmlu in Mi-usii GENT.'S DRESSING GOWNS, NKiHT SHIRTS, ami I'VJAMA SUITS, I.UMHAdO HKI/I'S. Summep and "Winter Underolothlng1. I GKNT.'S DNI^SS SIMIM-S, : ladies' and Gentlemen's , ;is yd, r,s 6

Telegrams-" RUSACK, ST ANDREWS." Telephone HOI.

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PASSENGER ELEVATOR. 'BUS ATTENDS ALL TRAINS.

The Marine Hotel is under the Personal Management of the Proprietor, W. RTJSAOK. THE BOOK

OF

CONTAINING

PLAN OF GOLF COURSES

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GREENS RULES OF THE GAME

BYE-LAWS OF THE LINKS REGULATIONS FOR STARTING GOLFING RHYMES, &c.

ST ANDREWS : J. & G. INN-KS, Cilhen Office KDINllURGII : J. MEN/.IKS & Co.

I 8 9 8 PREFACE

HERE are already hosts of books in existence T which profess to teach the art of Golf. The present book does not meddle with that subject. All it professes to do is to bring together, in a form convenient for the Golfing Visitor, serviceable information as to the circumstances under which the game is prosecuted on St Andrews Links, along with a few details regarding the achievements of golfers, past and present, on the green. History has only been hinted at in passing. A very much larger volume would be required to do justice to the claims of the Links in this respect. Considerable pains have been taken to make the information trustworthy and accurate. Every point that a Visitor could be supposed to be curious about has been briefly mentioned, und a Plan has been specially prepared to show the route of the various Courses find the position of their holes. The character of the Courses can only be properly understood by actual experience, and the description given here in not set forward as more than an atlempt to indicate what is to be encountered. The various scores given should enable a golfer to estimate pretty accurately the i|uality of his own game, and the perfection which lias been demonstrated as attainable, ft is probable that interesting and suitable material may have been overlooked, in ease of a future edition, suggestions with a view to remedying such defects would bo welcomed by the Publishers.

MAY /S!)S. CONTENTS

PAUU THE GOIJ? COURSES, ...... i Oharactcristios of the Old Course, - - 4 The Landscape, - - - - . 5 At the Club-House,- - 6 The Carties, ------7 Links Hunger, -...._ ,s Order oC Starting, 8

HOUND TIIR OLD COURSE— On the Teeing-Grouud —(lotting Oil',, - 9 How l;o Negotiate Knoh Hole, - - 12 The Second Edition of the Old Course, - - 22

HOUND TIIU NICW COUIIMU, - 28

Tun THIRD (IOI.K COUUMIO, - - - • '!") r]'ii,l)le showing at what link's Mlvoltes are to he taken in the Queen Victoria Jubilee Vase (lldep.) Tournament, - .'Hi Length of Holes on the Three Courses, - 37

KKUOUDH OK TIFR (JNISUN, The Old Course, . - - - . ;}8 The New ('ourse, - 11 iidies' Putting ('ourse, - - 'II " ." Seores, - •!•'! vi. Contents

BYE-LAWS OF THE LINKS AND RROULATIONS von STARTING— PAOK Regulations for Uso of Old and New Courses, 43 General Regulations for the Whole Links, 45 Regulations for Starting, 46 Regulations for Employment of Golf Cadies and Professional Golfers, - 48

RULES FOR THE GAME, adopted by the Iloyal and Ancient Golf Club of St, Andrews, - 51 Special Rules for Medal Play, • - 58 Local Rules for St Andrews Links, - 60 Etiquette of Golf, ----- 02

GOLF CLUBS IN ST ANDREWS— Royal and Ancient Golf Club, - - (!:) , - - (>4 St Andrews University Golf Club, - - (>4 Thistle Golf Club, - - - G4 St Andrews Ladies' Golf Club, (if) i St Andrews Foresters' Gulf Club, (if St Andrews Children's Golf Club, (15

TOM MORRIS, . . . (|(;

Gol.FINIi RllYMHN, .----.. (is ADVERTISEMENTS D. Anderson & Sons, golf Club <$ $all ST

Sole Makers of the famous TEXA Ash Club. Drivers 6/-, Brassies 6/6, Carriage Paid. We claim for these Clubs greater driving power, as the Shafts are extremely light, which throws all the weight to the head and which ensures a better-balanced Club. They have a much finer spring, and are altogether much superior to the ordinary Club. We have a large number of Testimonials from Leading Tlayers as to the farther driving power of these Clubs. CAUTION.—Owing to the popularity of our TEXA Ash Clubs several Firms have been palming off the Ordinary Ash. See that our Name and TEXA is Stamped on every Club.

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VISITORS TO ST .A.NDREWS are respectfully reminded that the Place to procure Souoenirs, Presents, $ Views or tbe Citp IS AT The CITIZEN Artistic Stationery & Printing Warehouse, 1O7 SOUTH STREET (J. & G. INNES, Proprietors).

Complete Sto(_k of VALLNTINK'S and WILSON & Co.'s VIEWS OF ST ANDREWS AND NEIQHBOURHOOD in Scrap, Medallion, and (ilass I'anel Slylcs. ALBUMS Ol1' VIEWS at Gd, Is, and 2S 6d Kiich, ADVKttTISBJIBNTS

VISITORS, NOTE! The*Citizen'Office, 107 SOUTH STREET, IS THE HEAD OFFICE of the ST ANDREWS CITIZEN Published every Friday Afternoon (The Only Paper Printed for St Andrews).

ALL VISITORS TO ST ANDREWS should sn-ure si Copy WK.I'.KI.V of the ST ANDREWS CITIZEN, which, in ndilition to giving tlm Kull Local Intelligence, publishes iluriiif; 1 hi'Summer Moiilhsa List of the Visitors In l lu: Oity, iind is laken ailvanla^e of liy all lln: Shop- kowpoi'B ami Tradfismen l"f l)iin»ing their Announce- ments liflore (in: Public. Price Id.

"CITIZEN" ABC TIME-TABLES, Published Monthly -Price Id.

Km1 List of Guido - Books anil oilier I'ubliralions nhiiiiu; in the Ancient City, ^s well as Guide-Books in Ora.il, Blio and Barlsfei-ry, ami Leven And Largo, i,-e A'lvei'liseinenti al cml o! Imok.

Select Slock of Plain and Fancy Stationery for Private and Commercial Purposes. /'//'i//'",:; i'f i'// h'iiiJs ,\'i-ii//y and ICxpiuiilionsly done 0)1 llh' /'/'I'J/IISt'X, 3 P o THE GOLF COURSES

THE MECCA OF GOLF

" Would you like to see a city given over Soul and body to a tyrannising game? If you would, there's little need to be a. rover, 3?or St Andrews is that abject city's name. "It is surely quite superfluous to mention To a person who has been here half an hour, That golf is what engrosses the attention Of the people with an all-absorbing power. '' Ejch and poor alike are. smitten with the fever, 'Tin their business and religion both to play, And a ninn is scarcely deemed a true believer Unless he goes at least a round a day." O the late Mr 11. F. Murray, the University soug- raaker, playfully caricatured the ruling passion Sat St Audrews. That passion is not of yesterday. Sa far back as the sixteenth century, golf was " engrossing* the attention of the people with an all-absorbing- power." Is it not recorded that the Kirk-Session of St Andrews in 1598 found it needful to take measures for weaning the douce burgesses and craftsmen of that day from profaning the Sabbath by frivolous indul- gence in their favourite pastime 1 The very elders, instead of setting a virtuous example to the flock, heinously neglected their official duties in their devo- tion to the " tyrannising game." It was recognised and protected by the civic authorities. About 1552 the Corporation granted certain privileges in connec- tion with the Links to John, Archbishop of St Andrews. In a relative deed executed by the Arch- bishop on the 25th January of that year there occurs. B The Golf Courses a reservation of the rights of the community inter alia to play golf there " without any dyking or closing of ony pairt yairof fra them, or impediment to be maid to yaim yairuntill in ony tyme cuming." It was in 1754 that the gentlemen golfers, forerunners "of the present Royal and Ancient Golf Club, began to play for a silver club, as a trophy in golf competitions. Golf here has its ancient heroes, its literature, and its traditions. Here abide the law and the prophets. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club is tacitly acknow- ledged to be the supreme authority ou the rights and obligations, the privileges and penalties, the courtesies and usages of the game. Here, too, Tom Morris, the " venerable high priest" of golf, dwells on the skirts of the Links, and seldom misses his daily roxuid. St Andrews is the Mecca of golfers. "No golfer," says Mr Hutchinson, " can deem himself fairly •worthy of the name until he has paid at least one visit to St Andrews." THE COURSES. Every golfer knows that the Old Course on our Links is unsurpassed. The ground is by nature singularly well adapted for the game. The character of the hazards, and the disposition of the holes and teeing-grounds, are such that a round of the course bristles with those glorious uncertainties which are the life of sport. The devoted and systematic care bestowed on the cultivation and preservation of the course for a loug number of years have developed its natural resources to a high pitch of excellence. Here, if anywhere, golf may be enjoyed ill its perfection,. The whole Links are the property of the Burgh Commissioners, having been acquired by them under the St Andrews Links Act, 1894, which Act, however, reserves certain privileges in favour of the proprietor of and the Royal and Ancient Golf Club. The Green Committee, which is invested by the Act with the full charge of the Links, consists of five The Golf Courses

members appointed by the Eoyal and Ancient Golf Club, and two appointed by the Burgh Commissioners. TJie power of veto over the transactions of this Com- mittee remains with the Burgh Commissioners. There are now three long courses at St Andrews, in addition to the two short or piitting-courses for ladies. The Old Course, consisting of 18 holes, is free to all- comers, the order of starting being arranged according to a code of regulations adopted by the Burgh Com- missioners, and which are printed on a subsequent page of this book. The Second Course, in which also there are 18 holes, is free, under the Act, except during the months of July, August, and September. In these months, citizens of St Andrews, members of the Koyal and Ancient Golf Club, and the proprietor of Strath- tyram and his guests are at liberty to play on the course. Other persons are liable to a charge. (See Eegulations for the use of the Old and the New Golf Course—No. 20.) Hitherto it has not been found necessary to exact this toll, so that the course is practically free at all times. The Third Course, which is free to all, but primarily intended for the use of ladies and beginners, is a 12-hole course. It was formally opened in June 1897, on the sixtieth anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession. The Putting Links, lying to the north-west of the Swilcan Burn, is leased to the St Andrews Ladies' Golf Club, and reserved for the use of members of that Club. The other Putting Links on the south-east of the N.B.E. Goods Station is open to all ladies and children, and the male-adult has no riglit to play over it except in the company of a lady or of children under 10. (See Eegulatioiis for the use of the Old Golf Course and the New Golf Course—No. 21.) There is a Children's Golf Course on ground lying The Golf Courses to the south of the Old Course betwixt Gibson Place and the Goods Station, -which, though formerly part of the Links, is not included in the property of the Burgh Commissioners. The course is held on lease by the St Andrews Children's Golf Club, members of which alone have a right to play there.

CHARACTERISTICS OP THE OLD COURSE. The Old Course begins at the eastern extremity of the Links, and extends westwards for a distance of about two miles, till the banks of the River Eden are reached. The seventh hole is on an elevation close to the river's edge. The eighth and ninth holes lie in an easterly direction. The first two holes on the homeward journey run from east to west, the eleventh green being situated parallel to the seventh, on the edge of the Eden. Thence the remainder of the journey is pursued in an easterly direction, and the last green is at the eastern extremity of the Links, directly south of the starting-point. The outgoing route and the incoming route are parallel to one another for the greater part of the distance, their putting-greens generally lying together in a line. The plan in this book shows the outgoing holes on the right-hand side of the co\irse (the Medal Course), but the route is usually varied weekly. During one week the outgoing route will be on the right-hand side ; during the next week it will follow the left-hand side. The outgoing holes are at all times marked by white flags, the incoming holes by red flags. The position of the hole on the putting - green is, and must necessarily be, altered frequently in order to preserve the turf. These facts ought to be borne in mind in any description of the course. It should also 'be remembered that the hazards are so many, and, as Mr Hutohinson puts it, so "artfully planted to try the golfer's soul," that the score for any hole is always problematical. Moreover, there are many varieties of players. The excellence of a score depends on fortune, The Golf Courses 5

on judgment, and on skill. In playing over the full circuit;, a distance of about 3 miles 1040 yards will be traversed, and this can be comfortably done in two --"•hours and a quarter. But this remark is ventured -under certain reservations. A beginner may take a longer time to get round the course, and be exceed- ingly uncomfortable all the time. As one of the old- fashioned, dry-humoured cadies once significantly said, on being asked what was the length of the course, " For players like Audra Kirkaldy, it micht be under four miles, but for some players it micht be twice that." Besides, the serenity of the beginner's feelings is liable to be influenced by the standard of golf played by those who come immediately behind him. Their golf balls may occasionally drop so near him as to be very exasperating; their cries of " Fore!" may often be a cause of acute discomposure when he is about to play a stroke. On the other hand, much irritation may be engendered by " duffers in front."

THE LANDSCAPE. The first full view of the Links from the steps at the Royal and Ancient Golf Clubhouse is highly picturesque. A wide plain of bright green turf stretches westward as far as the Swilcan Burn. Across the burn little knolls vary the configuration of the ground. Beyond the visible portion of the Links are seen the woods of Strathtyrum, with the round summit of Lucklaw Hill rising on their right, and a glimpse of Olatto Hill, with a few trees outlined against the sky, on their left. Nearer at hand, on the left of the spectator, the fringe of St Andrews Bay rolls up in white curling' lines ou the beach—a long, sandy beach, dotted with children and nurses, donkeys and bathing-coaches, overlooked by a range of sandy hillocks, and apparently curving north-eastwards from the Swilcan Burn to the point where the River Eden, joining the sea, forms a slight promontory. The " white horses of the sea foam " diminish in the distance till, The Golf Courses at this promontory, they become merely white specks flocking the deep blue of the Bay. And beyond the glimmering water the softly undulating range of the Forfarshire hills (sometimes a hazy mass of violet; sometimes, in clearer atmosphere, a sharply-marked checquer-work of fields, bright in many tones of green under the sunlight) bound the prospect on the north. A wide expanse of sky is visible, varied in character from day to day. In the evening, whether under " the •winter rose of northern skies," or during the summer and autumn when the warm, rich colours of the sunset " flame over the long levels of the links," this is a soene which has been talked of and written about in enthusiastic terms by those whose names, renowned in letters, are woven into the many associa- tions lingering round " the little city old and grey."

AT THE CLUE-HOUSE. Immediately under the left; hand lies the last putting-green—a broad, flat surface of velvety turf. To the eye of the mere barbarian—i.e., the individual who has not yet passed through much tribulation into the mysteries of the royal and ancient game—it seems a delightful spot for a pic-nic party. Parties of ex- cursionists such as visit St Andrews weekly during the summer—cheap-trippers with a brass band and banners, whose cliiefest longing is for a nice stretch of green, sward whereon to dance—are not long in find- ing their way to the Links. Their hearts leap up when they behold this smooth lawn. " Here," they exclaim, "is a grand place for dancing." It is the realization of a transcendent ideal. Any delightful expectations which may have thrilled them, however, are speedily discouraged. The native is more horrified than amused at the proposal to desecrate the putting-green by dancing on it. He surveys them with pity and contempt, marvelling at the hardihood of their presumption, and promptly directs them to some less hallowed sod where they may with impunity The Golf Courses exhaust their superabundant energy in the giddy diversion of quadrilles, reels, and country dances. The Club-House, close to the right hand, is a square, low-built block of rooms, with a common- place exterior, but of a solid and substantial appear- ance, and comfortable within. The big bow window, with a verandah on either side, looks out on the first teeing-ground. There are generally members surveying the prospect from the window " in lazy languor, motionless," and a glance at these privileged mortals suggests that the easy-chairs they recliue in are the easiest of their kind.

THE CADIES. If the golfer wants a cadie to carry his clubs, he should be able to find one somewhere in the vicinity of the flag-staff, either dozing on a bench or leaning languidly on the wooden fence. The keener cadies will, however, have spotted him at once, and he has only to raise his hand in order to bring them round about him. They dare not ply for hire. They are civil by law, these cadies; their remuneration is regulated by a tariff, they must be licensed and wear a badge, and they are not supposed to be granted a license unless their character is such as to bear inspec- tion. (See " Bye-Laws as to Appointment, &c, of Golf Cadies.") Theoretically, they should bo respectful in bearing and speech, and mild-mannered. Practice and theory seldom exactly correspond, however, and iu this instance there is no exception to the general rule. The laws which govern these hangers-on of the Links are new, and they chafe under them. The characteristics of the traditional cadie are not wholly eradicated. You may find a refreshing independence about them. Their candour is at times even irksome, as iu the case of one who told his employer in answer to a query about the golfing qualities of a prospective partner—" He canna play worth a d—n, sir ; he's nao better than yersel'." You may bo troubled with some The. Golf Courses doubt as to the simplicity of their minds should you be favoured -with, a comment like—"That wad ha'e been a splendid shot, gin ye had hit the ba\" But these faults—if faults they be—are of a venial and rather entertaining kind. As a rule the cadies know the course thoroughly, and are reliable judges of the expediency of using this or that weapon in this or that exigency. A few are exceptionally gifted. A recent magazine article on this class set out with the state- ment, " Oadie nascitur, non fit" which may be just as true as the generality of aphorisms. "A cadie," says the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, " is not, and ought not, to be regarded as a machine for carrying clubs at the rate of a shilling a round. He occupies, or ought to occupy, the position of competent adviser or interested spectator. He should be as anxious for the success of his side as if he were one of the players, and should watch each move in the game with benevolent, if critical, interest, always ready with the appropriate club, and, if need be, with the appropriate comment."

LINKS EANGEB. . An official iu uniform called the "Links Ranger" is entrusted with the duty of seeing that the Bye-Laws and Regulations are duly complied with. ORDEB OF STARTING. During the busy season lists of players in the order iu which they are to start are posted up nightly for the forenoon aud afternoon of the following day. All golfers are admitted to these lists on equal terms, The rule laid down is that intending players shall send to the Starter before five o'clock iu the afternoon of the preceding day a card stating the names of the parties to the proposed match, and the time when it is desired to start. The jjlaces are balloted for, alul the Committee who have charge of this matter do their best to comply with the wishes of intending players. If the precise time desired is otherwise allotted by the ballot, the nearest possible place is Hound the Old Course 9 assigned. On certain days vacancies are left in the order of start, which may be taken by such players as are on the spot, on the principle of " first come first served." The starter sees that the matches start according to the list. (See "Regulations for Starting.") The regulations have given rise to some dissatisfaction; but it is very doubtful whether any plan could be devised which would deal more justly with all golfers. Meanwhile the regula- tions are iu force temporarily and on trial. They have not yet been finally adopted by the Burgh Commissioners as bye-laws.

BOUND THE OLD COUKSE. ON THE -GROUND — GETTING OFF. Assuming that a player has been allotted a suitable place on the list, and arrives at the starting tee with a little time to spare before his turn comes, he may find material enough to occupy his interest in watching the various styles of play and the various fashions of the garments worn by the players. Re will notice, if lie has not already observed the fact, that the human body can adapt itselfvto a remarkably wide and varied range of contortions, and that the taste of the golfer in the matter of personal attire runs riot iu a range scarcely less remarkable for its latitude and variety. When his turn has come round, if it should bo tiie right time of day, he may also have an opportunity of discovering that the pursuit of golf on St Andrews Links may be full of incident, giving scope for a variety of emotions, not all pleasurable, but of con- siderable intensity. Betwixt the starting-tee and the first hole, a road intersects the course, by which, ignoring the caution of conspicuous posters, many people insist on making their way to and from the beach. The player may be exasperated by discovering that a couple of old ladies, strolling iu a leisurely fashion, deeply absorbed in conversation, have strayed directly into the line of his play at the critical moment, 10 The Golf Courses when, having addressed himself to the ball, he is gathering all his vigour for a fine . In all pro- bability, they will remain quite oblivious to the lusty shoutings of himself and cadie, and pursue their way with provoking deliberation. Unless the player is callous enough to adopt literally the emphatic advice recorded as having been given by a cadie to his employer—to " drive straught ahead and never gie a d for onything"—he must arrest his swing and wait till the obstructions have removed themselves— submitting to the inevitable with the best grace possible. Perhaps three young ladies wheeling their bicycles have by this time come within range. Again player and cadie lift up their voices in a cry of "Fore!" and wave frantically to the damsels to get out of the way. The foremost of the trio is a little in advance of her companions. She pauses, undecided ; looks all round, comprehends the situation, and, after a moment's reflection, concludes that the quickest way to extricate herself will be to forge straight ahead. She does so at a slightly accelerated pace. Meanwhile, her two companions have been in a similar quandary j but ultimately make up their minds that they will follow the example of their leader. The player must endure till the course is clear. Some- times the obstruction may be a cart, or an invalid in a batli-chair, or a string of perambulators, any of which may be effective as a cause of delay. The irritation thereby produced on the player, added to the consciousness that the group of players and cadies round the tee are watching' his performance critically, will as likely as not have the effect of making him foozle his stroke, and he suffers the mortification of seeing it lie short of the road. If it is any comfort to him, he may reflect that these pedestrians, whoso presence has impaired his temper, are likely to have been undergoing a flutter of excitement in running the gauntlet of the road not less irritating than his own sensations. They may have wandered on to the Round the Old Course 11 road quite innocently, their whole attention pre- occupied by the crisp, glittering blue and white of the sea and the colour and movement of the thronged beach, and be suddenly startled by a cry of " Fore " ! Looking up, they behold a golfer apparently just on the point of playing a ball which seems certain to strike them with force, or they experience an uncom- fortable feeling when a ball skims whistling by, and just misses them. Seized with panic, confused and agitated, they make little of the shouts and gesticu- lations intended for their direction. Perhaps to aggravate matters, another cry of "Fore!" rings out from the opposite point of the compass—a player goiDg to the last hole. They go a little forward with rapid, jerky glances to the left and right; but an increased vehemence in the shoutings and wavings indicates that they have got into the way more than ever. They retrace a few steps without mending matters. Perhaps, finally, casting dignity to the winds, they make an ignominious flight for safety. At all events, they are likely to feel immensely relieved when they are. fairly clear of the course and its dangerous projectiles. To put himself thus in the place of the obstruction may not, in the player's opinion, go very far towards consolation. This, like a great many other things in the day's doings, depends on the golfer's tempera- ment. He may be "a wheen Maspheemous " under his provocations, or he may be of like opinion with the golfer who, when reproached for breaking his clubs wilfully under the stress of misfortunes, replied that "It was better to break his dashed clubs than to lose his dashed temper " ; or he may be philosopher enough to suffer his lot with quiet fortitude. He will not be a golfer long without discovering that the last is the most expedient and profitable way of encountering the uncertainties and annoyances of the game. • But by this time the player has entered on his round, and there is no room for discursive moralising. 12 The Golf Courses

The game of golf is a serious business. Britons have been described as taking, their pleasure sadly. However this may be, it is pretty certain that the pleasure of golf is indulged in gravely. " Canny, man, canny! It's gowf you're playin'" is the motto. Silence should generally prevail. No distracting element is to be encouraged. For this last reason the presence of ladies as parties to a match, has been deprecated, according to Lord Wellwood, because " it's all mighty pleasant, but it's not business." You must pay an undivided attention to your game, and even if you are not pressed by impatient golfers following up behind there is no excuse for loitering.

How TO NEGOTIATE EACH HOLK. Hole 1.—If for the time being the outgoing holes are on the right-hand side of the course, the first green will be across the Swilcan Burn midway between the two wooden foot-bridges. A fairly-hit tee-shot should carry a good bit aoross the road. The second should not be far short of the bum. The burn should be crossed and the green reached in the third stroke. Five is a satisfactory total for the hole. If the ball should be driven into the burn, the player adds a stroke to his score by way of , besides having to play the nest stroke from the hither side of the bum. (See " Rules of the Game"—" Local Rules.") Hole 2.—The route to the second hole is over ground somewhat uneven to begin with, and there are whins on the right-hand side all the way ; but following a straight line on the right and keeping out of the whins is a safe policy. If the player should drive too much to the left, there is a bunker to encounter opposite the sheds aud corner of the dyke ("Cheape's Bunker" to wit), and another three further on. As a general rule, only extreme deviation from the line need bring one into con- tact with these hazards, although when the posi- Round the Old Course 13 tion of the hole on the putting-green is well to the left, they are in dangerous proximity to the hole. The green, which lies on a slightly raised surface, should be reached in 3, and the hole negotiated in 5. Hole S,—The safe line towards the third hole is by the right, care being again taken to avoid the whins. The ground is hilly, and the hole lies on an elevated piece of ground. To the left there is a single bunker and a group of three called the " Principal's Nose," and if this line is taken another long bunker (the " Cartgute Bunker ") lies close beside the green, which may entrap the ball. Barring misfortunes, the green should be reached in 3, and 5 is a fair score for the hole. Hole 4.—An awkward stretch of hilly ground lies in the centre of the course on the way to the fourth green, but by driving straight forward through the valley on the right of these hills and avoiding the whins on the left, tbei'e is a tolerably clear x'oad to the- hole. A large hillock rises after the valley is passed through not far from the green, and a small round knoll lies directly in front of the hole. To the left of the hole and before tho green is reached there is a host of small bunkers not readily seen from a distance1, and the player will bo prudent not to risk his ball in their neighbourhood. Getting on the green in 3, he should hole out hi 4 or 5. Hole. 5—A Fine View of St Andrews.—The fifth is a long hole. From the tee there is hilly ground to cross. Then comes a broad stretch of flat valley, with three bunkers at short distances apart down tho centre. The plateau known as the " Elysiau Fields" is on the left of the valley, with whin-covered hills on the right. At the end of the valley a ridge runs across the course, in the face of which are two- bunkers—an oblong one with a steep face on the left, and a small one higher up the incline on tho right. There is a narrow valley running parallel to the ridge on the other side. A ball driven betwixt. 14 The Golf Courses the bunkers with sufficient force to carry it over the valley safely, reaches the green—a fine stretch of beautifully keen turf on a high level, dipping at the right into a gully overgrown with heather, long grass, and whins. To the left of the green, near the red flag, there are some " kittle " bunkers and a patch of extremely ugly ground full of long rank grass, rushes, and other disagreeables. But if he approaches the green with caution, the player may easily escape all these. The green—according to Mr Hutchinson " probably the best in all the world of golf "—should be reached in 4, and if the player has holed out in 6 or 7 he has no reason to be disappointed with himself. From this part of the Links (known as the " Hole-o'- Cross Green "), on looking back a comprehensive view of, the " City of Golf " may be obtained. The Castle and Cathedral Ruins with the Square Tower of St llegulus are seen on the left. Near them, further to the right, the high steeple of the College Church, with its pointed spire, is conspicuous above the roofs and chimneys. Still more to the right is the less promi- nent Steeple of the Town Kirk. At the extreme right that picturesque turreted building, Westerlee House, attracts notice standing amid trees at the foot of Wester Balryrnonth Hill. Behind the roofs and spires the hills of Easter Balrymonth, Allanhill, and Pipe- land fonn a hai'rier against the sky. In the foi'efront .of the city are the great hotels at the beginning of the Links, the Club-House, and behind it the Martyrs' Monument in solitary pre-eminence on the green sward overlooking the Bow Butts and Witch Lake. The foreground is filled in with the irregular range of hillocks lying next to the beach, and the little knolls :iind whin bushes of the course. Hole 6.—Infinite caution requires to be exercised in playing from the tee to get to the sixth or " Heathery Hole." On the right a succession of ridges thickly •overgrown with whins is a formidable obstacle. If .the ball is driven in this direction, a stroke or two Round the Old Course 15 may readily be wasted, and there is a small bunker lying in wait for the ball when it lias passed the ridges. The favourite policy is to avoid these dis- agreeables, if possible, by keeping to the left; but a plateau extending from the left of the course all but meets the ridges, leaving only a narrow passage open. On the right-hand corner of the plateau two nasty little bunkers gape for straying balls. It is possible to drive over these hazards or through the narrow passage; but, if the route taken leads the player to the left of the course beyond, it should not be forgotten that there are three bunkers lying in close proximity to one another near the centre of the course still intercepting a safe journey to the hole. Next to the green, a little to the left of the hole, lies yet another small bunker. The putting-green is on a slightly-raised surface, and is tolerably level when reached. "With a fortunate through-green experience, this should be accomplished in the third shot, and 5 or 6 will make a good score for the hole. Hole 7-—Another Pleasing Prospect.—The seventh or High Hole is a dangerous one to negotiate. The route is over a most uneven tract of ground "with a big round hill on it, and in the smnll valleys to the light of this hill there are two bunkers. It is after the hill has been crossed, however, that the crucial test is faced. The green lies on a narrow strip of sloping turf, fringed on the further side with the long bents growing in sand on the banks of the Eden. On the hither side to the right of the hole is a long, shelly hunker. Left from this almost in front of the hole is a circular bunker. Still further to the left in the face of the slope at the edge of the green lies a very deep bunker with a perpendicular face, and there is a small " pot" bunker on the green beyond the hole. The problem to avoid all these without driving off the course into the sandy banks of Eden is a knotty one. The cautious policy is to play short of the hazards, and leave them to be dealt with in the 16 The Golf Courses approach shot. A skilful player can contrive to pitch with the mashie or iron so that his ball lights on the green betwixt the two bunkers nearest to the left, and thence gets the run of the slope towards the hole. If the approach shot does not come to grief, the player should be on the green in 3, and hole out in 4 or 5. Provided he has been so far fortunate, a glance at the prospect westward from this green need not greatly intrude on the attention he is giving to his game. The broad, rippling waters of the Eden, with the brown moorland of Tents Moor and the round top of Lucklaw Hill beyond them, make a pretty landscape on a bright summer day. Here, too, in the evening when the sun has set but its crimson glow has not yet disappeared from the clouda in the western sky, and a luminous colour tinges the water, there is a certain romantic sombreness and stillness about the scene well worth the walk to study. Mole 8.—The course now turns eastward, the last two holes of the outward journey being on the left. The eighth is a short hole, and its green should be easily reached from the tee. A long bunker defends the green on the right. There is a small one (not visible from the tee) near the heathery ground on the left. If the ball soars over the slight hill rising betwixt the bunkers, it will land safely. 3 is a good score for the hole. A fortunate lie on the green, with a good put following it, may get it in 2. Now and then, by that special intervention of an auspicious fate,, known as a "fluke" in the golfing vocabulary, th& hole has been accomplished in one stroke. Custom attaches a penalty to such an exceptional windfall,, probably intended as a wholesome corrective to the- elation of the favoured player. He must forfeit to his. opponent a bottle of wine or " mountain dew." This, law has, of course, no other sanction than use and wont, and could probably not be enforced against the- will of the forfeiting party; for, as Burns declared,, "Freedom and whisky gang thegither." This may Bound the Old Course 17 have been the hole about which a good golfing tale is told. A cadie was condescending to carry clubs for a gentleman for whose golfing merits he had scant respect, and for whose general intelligence he had not much more. The cadie was consulted as to the number of strokes required for the hole. " Ou I" he replied, " Juist a drive and a put." The golfer there- upon addressed himself to the ball, swung round his club, and made a lamentable " foozle," his ball only moving a few yards. " Losh !" said the man with the golf-bag, " This cowes a!; he's taen the put first." Hole 9. — The principal obstacle confronting the player on the way to the ninth or turn hole is a small bunker near the green. The ground on the left is heathery, and bad lies abound there. The turf of the putting-green is generally very keen, and so level is its surface that the ball readily overruns it into the long grass beyond. The hole should be done in 4 or 5. The first half of the round has now been com- pleted. The return journey commences westward, the first two holes being on the left side of the course. Hole 10. —There are two small bunkers on the right before the tenth green has been reached. On the left the course from the tee to the green is skirted by rough ground overgrown with whins and heather; but the centre of the roiite is quite flat, except iu the immediate vicinity of the green, where hilly and uneven ground calls for judgment and nicety in the approach shot. Two good drives and an approach shot should bring the ball to the putting-green, and the hole may be done in 4 or 5. Hole. 11.—The eleventh is a short hole, but gener- ally one of the two most irksome holes in the course to play, sharing this latter distinction with the burn hole (seventeenth). The perils are practically the same as have been already described in connection with the seventh hole, which is on the same strip of green. The aggravation in the present case lies in the probability of the tee-shot either finding its way into c 18 The Golf Courses one of the bunkers investing the gpeen or—if it is too strong—reaching the Eden. The best plan to ensure safety is to play short of the bunkers, landing the ball where it will be favourably situated for the approach shot. This will demand caution and skill. The hole may be done in 3 or 4. Many of the best players have repeatedly come to grief here, and had to abandon the hole. Sole 12.—The course now turns south-eastward. The holes are on the. right for the remainder of the round. The teeing-ground for the twelfth (Heathery) hole lies high, and the course dips down abruptly. The safest line, probably, is to keep on the left. On the right-hand side, the route to the hole is inter- cepted by four bunkers lying in coiiples, with about 30 yards between each couple. There is another small one just facing the green. By keeping to the left over the hill all these may be avoided, and an oblique shot towards the hole should bring the ball on the green in 3, Just beyond the green there is a bunker in ambush, which it is as well to keep in mind. 5 or 6 will be a good score for this hole. Hole 18.—From the next tee the player makes his • way to the Hole-o'-Cross. Whins skirt the course on the right. This whinny tract of ground is con- jectured to have been the scene of a golfing legend narrated by the Eight Hon. A. J. Balfour in " The Humours of Golf" (Badminton Volume). A couple went (without cadies) to play a match that was finally to determine their respective merits. But after a long and rather wild drive player A. lost his ball in the middle of the whins. A prolonged search ensued, in which both players joined. Suddenly player B. espied his opponent's ball, and, wisely reflecting that no simpler or more effective method of winning the hole could be found than that of compelling his opponent to give it up, quietly picked up the ball and secreted it in his pocket. In the meanwhile player A. began to be anxious lest that very evil should befall Round the Old Course IS) him through natural causes which player B. had been endeavouring artificially to produce. His ball was nowhere to be seen, the limit of time was nearly reached, so he bethought him that his best course would probably be to take another ball out of his pocket, drop it in some convenient spot, and proceed with the play. The plan was no sooner determined on than it was executed, and with a shout of satisf'ac- tion he called his opponent's attention to the fact that he had found his ball. " No, no," said player B., " that cannot be it; this is your ball" (producing it from his pocket). "I picked it up myself a while ago." The hole lies far to the left in the direction where the spire of the College Steeple looms in the distance. About the length of a good from the tee there are bunkers to encounter—four of them lying together midway of the course. Beyond them is the plateau running from the whins on the right across the course, and leaving only a narrow passage betwixt its left corner (where there are two bunkers) and the whinny ridges on the extreme left. These ridges are likely to cost the player who visits them one or two strokes, and are therefore to be scrupu- lously avoided. The hole is usually on the same elevated plain as the fifth (ovxtcoming) hole. Before the green is reached from the whinny ridges there are two bunkers and undulating ground, and the position of the hole, close to the right edge of the plain, calls for careful approach, so that the green may not he- overrun. In putting, the slope of the green must be- duly taken into account. 6 or 7 would not be bad for this hole under average conditions of luck. Hole 14.—Playing to the fourteenth hole, the ball is driven from the tee on to the plateau called the " Elysiau Fields." A drive inclining too much to the right runs the risk of crossing over the low dyke bounding the course, beyond which there is a park of long grass. If this happens, the player must do his best to play it safely on to ground within the limits of 20 The Golf Courses the course again. If, however, he avoids the right side from the tee, let him also beware of four very steep bunkers on the "Elysiau Fields" near their western end. Instead of continuing to drive straight ahead over the whole extent of the plateau—which might involve difficulties in , encountering the formidable bunker call " Hell," the rugged ground on its right and beyond it, and the two bunkers on the hither side of it—he would do well, in his second or third stroke, as the case may be, to keep towards the left, leave the plateau, and get into the centre of the course, which, though hilly, is the safer route. But it should be borne in mind that on the right are other two small bunkers betwixt " Hell" and the green, while on the left at the edge of the putting-green, and sufficiently near the hole to menace a ball which has strayed from the direct line, are yet another two bunkers. 6 or 7 for this hole is a score not to be despised. . Hole 15.—From the fifteenth tee the first stroke runs the risk of driving the ball into a long bunker extending across the course opposite Pilmour Cottage (the ivy-clad house standing amid trees on the other side of the railway Hue). A good, lofty stroke will, of course, carry over this ; but it will be safe otherwise to avoid it by passing it on the right and encountering the rough ground. There are three smaller bunkers near the green which it will require some caution to escape, and the ground on the right of the hole is rough—overgrown with rushes and long grass. The green should be reached in 3, and 5 or 6 should be enough to hole out in. Hole 16.—A new species of hazard will be encountered on the way to the sixteenth hole. This is the railway line, which runs parallel to the course as far as the green. The player may land on the line itself or into the field beyond it from the tee, more especially if the wind should blow towards that direc- tion. Then skill and caution will be required to regain the course. It will do uo harm to play well to Round the Old Course 21 the left in order to escape this danger; but there is a group of three bunkei*s in the centre of the course to be reokoned with, another single bunker some ten yards beyond them, and at the corner of the green to the left still another small bunker. The green should be reached in 3, and the hole finished in 5 or 6. Mole 17.—The seventeenth (Burn) hole has been coupled with the eleventh as one of the two most difficult holes in the course. The justice of this dis- tinction will be evident from the outlook at the teeing-ground, which, is placed close to the railway. Straight in front is the corner of the dyke enclosing the railway, the stationmaster's garden, and sheds. Woe to the player whose ball gets over that dyke ! Woe also to the player whose ball drops in a rut of the road on the hither side of that dyke ! Some dashing players elect to drive over the sheds ; but it is a foolhardy enterprise at the best. Better to keep as much to the left as possible until the corner and the 'bunker adjoining it on the left are passed. Then the proper route is to the right. A divergence to the left in the direction of the hilly ground near the first hole will incur the risk of two bunkers on the right side of the hills, besides rendering the approach to the green more difficult. The hole is three or four good long drives distant from the tee, and lies on a slightly elevated piece of ground next to the road running from the City to the N.B. Railway Goods Station. In approaching the green, which is a very narrow strip, a deep bunker on the left of the hole has to be circum- vented or crossed, while care must also be taken to avoid landing on the road. These two hazards have fitly been likened to Scylla and Charybdis. Having escaped both, the player should hole out in 6 or 7. Under other circumstances, the score may conceivably run into double figures. Hole 18.—The eighteenth hole—the end of the round—is now in view. The burn lies ready to trap balls from the tee. It can, however, be driven over. 22 The Golf Courses

A high ball with a flight inclining towards the right may get into the kitchen areas of the houses in Gibson Place or the road beside them. There is danger of getting a bad lie on the road which intersects the course, or oil the road which skirts it ou the right all the way from the burn. The green lies a little higher than the rest of the course, and should be reached in 3. The score may lbe 5 or 6. THE SECOND EDITION OF THE OLD COURSE. Assuming that the holes are on the left side of the course, although the ground traversed is practi- cally the same as in the round already described, the relative positions of the various hazards, holes, and teeing-grounds are sufficiently dissimilar to excuse a new description. Hole 1.—The teeing-ground is at the same place as before, or nearly so. The first green lies in the direction of the N.B. Railway Goods Station, and a little distance beyond the stone bridge spanning the Sivilcau Burn. Having got over the road, the player has still the bum to face. It will be safe policy to play short of this hazard, and leave the crossing of it to the third or fourth stroke, as the case may be. By keeping well to the left, the player will avoid the windings of the burn—cunning traps for a ball which happens to swerve and skim low or drop too soon. Once across the burn, there is only one serious hazard to be reckoned with. A bunker with steep sides lies in ambush beyond the green, and an approach shot sufficiently strong to overrun the green may land the ball there. If this hazard and the burn have been evaded, the hole should be done in 5 or (if a stroke has been lost at the burn) in G. Holt' 2.—Facing the player from the second tee is n yawning bunker, and it will be matter for grave deliberation whether he should risk lofting over it, or direct his stroke to the left and so pass outside of it. The first expedient is easy enough if the ball is fairly hit, but if it should be " topped " or fails to soar, then Round the Old Course 23 misfortune follows. Even if this first obstacle is success- fully overcome, it will not do to assume that plain sail- ing follows. Further on there is a bunker menacing the ball in the middle of the course. Should the player try to dodge past it on the left, he does so at the risk of landing his ball in a cart rut or amid stones on the primitive road skirting the corner of the dyke, said corner being directly opposite the bunker. Still, the left is probably the route which it will be most judicious to choose, for on the right there are three other bunkers about 70 yards ahead of this one—the last of the three lying just in front of the hole. Moreover, a fourth bunker—the more treacherous that it is unseen — is placed beyond the putting-green. Approaching is a somewhat difficult matter owing to these hazards and the hilly character of the ground surrounding the strip of green. "With good luck, 5 may be considered a creditable total. Hole 3,—On the left, the railway line bounds the whole distance betwixt the tee and the third green. There is a small bunker on the right. The via media betwixt these two hazards is broad enough to make the first stroke fairly safe. Thereafter it will be well to keep to the left, keeping clear of a trio of bunkers in mid course, a small one further on, and finally a long straggling bunker at the right on the nearer verge of the green. The score might be 4 or 5. Hole 4-—From the next tee, there is rugged country ou the left—hill and dale overgrown with whins and long rank grass. A trio of small bunkers lies on the right. The left is again the safe line. If the player drives too much to the right, he may have to encounter not only the long bunker extending across the course in a line with Pilmour Cottage, but also five small bunkers beyond the long one. By remaiuiug on the left, it is possible to pass by this long bunker across a small double-peaked hillock. There remains a pot bunker at the edge of the green to be avoided. The hole should be secured in 4 or 5. 24 The Golf Courses

Hole 5,—The celebrated bunker called "Hell" faces the fifth teeing-ground. Most people know the story of the lady who, in days when golf was less widely known than it is now, heard with horrified astonishment in the train at Leuehars a golfer coolly in- form his companion that " he had been in 'Hell' that morning, but his partner had got him out with a long spoon." Bunker stories, however, have to be taken with the proverbial pinch of salt. Two of the most character- istic of such tales,are recounted by the Eight Hon. A. J. Balfour in " The Humours of Golf." " I have been told," he says, " of a game in which, when one of the players finally emerged from one of those yawning sand-pits, a controversy arose between the cadies as to whether he had played forty-five or sixty-five before getting out, and so hotly did the contest rage, and so convinced were the combatants not merely of the righteousness but of the importance of their cause, that in the end it was only fotmd possible to settle the point by the ordeal of battle." On another occasion it is said that a player of resolute character disappeared from view down one of these abysses, and only made his presence known to the rest of the world by clouds of sand driven up from time to time by the niblick., On returning to upper air, ho was politely asked by his opponent (who must have been at least as re- markable for patience as the other was for persever- ance) how many he had played. " I went into that place," was the reply, " at a quarter past twelve. It is now a quarter to one. You are at liberty to form your own estimate." Now-a-days this particular bunker is not so formidable as it once was—in which respect it resembles its prototype. Even a beginner need neither spend half-an-hour in it nor play sixty- five strokes. Still it is bad enough, and the player will do well to avoid a place of such evil nomenclature by keeping to the right. Beyond " Hell" and the two other bunkers in its vicinity rises, on the left, the plateau called the " Eiysian Fields." The player Round the Old Course 25 should land in his second stroke on this plateau, at the western extremity of which lies the hole. Before that is reached, however, there are four deep bunkers lying on the right to be avoided. If the approach shot should greatly overrun the green, there may be lamentation to follow, for beyond the verge of the plateau the ground is a mass of whins, bunkers, rushes, and long grass. 5 or 6 for this hole will be good play. Looking back from the "Elysian Fields," a panoramic view of St Andrews and its environs is to be had, very much the. same as is described in the former round as visible from the Hole-o'-Cross Green. Hole 6.—It is a far cry to the sixth or Heathery Hole, and its green is reached by traversing a tract of ground by no means easy of navigation. It begins with little hills and valleys till the plateau extending across the course is reached. There are whins on the left all the way, and on the right several bunkers menace the ball. After the plateau is crossed and the player descends to the plain beneath, he has still whins to avoid on the extreme left. Three bunkers lie together in the middle of the course. Beyond them about thirty yards is a small bunker, sixty yards further on another small bunker, and finally, some twenty-five yards beyond the last-mentioned hazard, and just at the edge of the green, still another small bunker. A short distance past the green there is a concealed bunker, but only a ball played very much too strong in approaching can reach it. The hole should be done in 5 or 6. Hole 7.—The seventh is the high hole, situated above the banks of the Eiver Eden. The best line towards the hole is well to the right, over the high hill. On the left, two bunkers lie hi such a position as to imperil the tee-shot. Some thirty yards forward, another two will be met with, and about eighty yards from these there is a single bunker. A deep one with a very steep face gapes on the edge of the eminence where the green is. These hazards are avoided by taking the 26 The Golf Courses line to the right already spoken of, where the only danger is in bad lies and two trifling bunkers till the skirts of the green, encircled by a dangerous group of bunkers, are reached. The escaping of these latter hazards is best left for a short approach shot, in which considerable judgment and caution must be exercised. The hole, with careful play, may be played out in 4 or 5. Hole 8.—The next hole, lying eastward, is the Short Hole. There is a bunker in front of the green, but the tee-shot ought to escape this and reach the green. 3 or 4 should finish the hole. Hole 9.—The ninth hole — last of the outward journey—need give no difficulty if straight driving is maintained, except that there is a small bunker lying in front of the green. 4 or 5 should take this hole. The two holes just described are much the same as those referred to under the same numbers in the former round. The i^layer now turns. Holes 10 and 11.—The tenth and eleventh holes are nearly the same as described in the former round. Hole 12,—Following the route of the course (which now runs eastward till the last hole), in playing from the high teeing-ground towards the twelfth or Heathery Hole, the best line to adopt is over the hilly ground on the left. Some bad lies may be experienced, and a ball swerving too much to the left may land amid whins or heather; but the route is practioally free from hazards, except for two small bunkers lying in valleys at the left of the hill. The hole should be done in 5 or 6. Hole 13—The thirteenth hole is directly east from the teeing-ground, the line of phi}' being towards the narrow passage betwixt the long' plateau extending across the course from the right and the whinny ridges. A divergence to the right may bring the player into contact with the four bunkers in the centre of the course. It will be safe policy to avoid the danger on the left hand of landing badly amid the whin-covered Round the Old Course 27 ridges, where a stroke or two would almost certainly he iost. The narrow passage before alluded to should be reached in the second or third stroke. The two bunkers on the left of the plateau should not be over- looked. There is a small bunker in a valley nearer the green, and another on the left of the green, near its edge. The hole is generally situated on the Hole- o'-Cross Green, and may be done in 5 or 6. Hole 14-—Teeing off from the eastern end of the Hole-o'-Cross Green, the route goes straight along the centre of the valley bounded by the " Elysiau Fields " on the right and a range of whinny hillocks on the left, in the direction of the town. A ball topped from the tee might conceivably find its way into the bunker in the slope of the ridge from which the " Elysian Fields" plateau begins to extend eastward. There is ample width in the Valley, and the first stroke, if fairly hit and sent straight, should be safe enough. There is a small bunker midway in the route in a line with the Shepherd's House, another in a line with Hell Bunker (which is on the extreme right), and a third further to the left, where the hilly ground begins. After this hilly ground is crossed, another bunker lies on the right. Still further on, and not many yards to the right of the hole, there are two bunkers on the fringe of the green—one on the hither side, the other on the further side. The green should be reached in 3-or 4, iiud 6 or 7 may be suggested as a creditable score. Hole 15,—Going to the fifteenth hole, the safest route is straight forward by the left side of the course. On the right there are several bunkers, and the ground is hilly. There are a few hills on the left at the lejrhming, and further on a range of whinny knolls, but after the round hillock directly facing the teeing- ground has been passed, the valley right onwards to the green is free of hazards, and there should be no difficulty in reaching the green in 3. It should be kept in view, however, in approaching, that a bunker 28 The Golf Courses lies on the fringe of the green beyond the hole on the righb. 5 or 6 will be good enough scoring here. Hole 16.—From the sixteenth teeing-grcmnd there is hilly country to be crossed. The tee-stroke should, however, clear it. Thereafter, if the whinny ground be avoided, the route by the left is safe, On the right there is a succession of bunkers, beginning with the group , of three called Principal's Nose, and including another, three at short distances apart; but, with the exception of one in the edge of the green, these need not be encountered if straight driving is maintained, Nearing the green, on the left, there are hills, where it would he prudent to avoid whins and small grassy bimkers. The green should easily be reached in 3. The hole should be finished in 5 or 6. Hole 17.—To the seventeenth green there is a clear road for a player who drives straight, and the green (which lies near the brink of the Swilcan Burn in the direction of the nearest corner of Gibson Place) should be reached in 3. A diver- gence to the right from the tee may involve the landing of the ball in the bunker opposite the Comer-o'-the-Dyke, and there are a few small whins on the left side of the course. Barring misfortunes in these hazards, and the remote possibility of a strong approach-shot overrunning the green and reaching the burn, the hole should be done in 5 or 6. Hole 18.—The only danger of great account in g°iug to the last green lies in the possible topping of the tee - stroke and forfeit of a stroke for being in the burn. The green should be reached in 3 or 4, and the hole negotiated for 5 or 6. ROUND THE NEW COURSE, The passing of the St Andrews Links Act in 1894 enabled the Green Committee to construct a new Course on St Andrews Links in order to provide for the convenience of the numerous golfing pilgrims who find their way to St Andrews during the season. It was Round the Neiv Course opened for play in 1895. Still in a somewhat crude condition, the New Course is nofc equal in point of excellence to the more fully and carefully developed Old Course, but it has great possibilities, and is already a capital golfing ground. The bunkers are obviously artificial, and are neither so picturesque in form nor (in most cases) so " kittle" to encounter as the historical hazards of the older green. The roughness of the putting-greens, and indeed of the entire surface of the ground, may be a cause of irritation to players who are accustomed to the fine turf stretches of hoary courses ; but, after all, the difficulties to be overcome, and the uncertainties to be experienced, go a long way towards intensifying the keen zest and interest which make golf so fascinating. The ground gives scope for the exercise of much variety of skill. It has a thorough " sporting " character, and no round can be either uninteresting or uneventful. The Course lies to the north of the Old Course, its starting-point being near the south-western extremity of the Ladies' Putting-Green, beyond the Swilcan Burn. It is " circular," and pursues a somewhat devious route (as indicated on the Plan in this book), terminating at a point a little to tiie north-west of where it begins. The circuit of the Course is about 3 miles 1160 yards. It can be traversed in about two hours and a half. Except during the three mouths of summer, when St Andrews is at its zenith of activity and beauty, there will be little difficulty in making a start on the New Course. There is not the same demand for places in the order of start as is to be found under the windows of the Clubhouse, nor is the player disturbed at the threshold of his round by the fitful traffic of a road. A fringe of whins bounds the Course on the left for the first five holes. » Hole 1.—Eoughly speaking, the direction of play towards the first hole follows a bee-line north-west from the toeing-ground over a tolerably level stretch 30 The Golf Courses of springy turf. About a drive from the tee there are two bunkers—one on either side of the course. The first green lies in the midst of rough, uneven ground, and there is a patch of whins adjoining it on the right. The approach is thereby rendered somewhat difficult; but the green may be reached in the second or third shot, and the hole negotiated in 4 or 5. Bole £.—To begin with, the ground to be crossed going to the second hole is hilly and irregular, with whins on either hand, and the tee-shot may be imperilled by a bunker in the centre of the course. After the first shot, however, the ground improves. There should be no difficulty in getting on the green in 3, and holing out in 5. Hole 3.—By inclining his tee-stroke towards the third hole a very little to the right, the player will avoid a bunker on the left-hand side of the course. There is another bunker, however, on the right some 50 yards further ahead, which should be shunned in making the second shot. The green, which lies on a slight elevation, girt about with hilly ground, whins, and hunkers, will require to be judiciously approached. It should be attained in 3, and 5 will be a satis- factory score for the hole. Hole 4-—There are many bad lies in the route to the fourth hole. Two nasty deep bunkers—one of them on the left, about a stroke's distance from the teeing-ground, the other half-a-stroke further on at the right hand—fall to be reckoned with. Fifty yards forward there is a third deep bunker cut in the edge of a ridge on the right. On the opposite side of the course, very nearly at right angles, lies a fourth bunker, not readily observed from a distance. These safely escaped, the green should be reached in 3 or 4, or perhaps even in two good drives. A long bunker lies beyond the green, and should not be overlooked. The green itself is by no means level, and makes uncertain putting. The hole, however, should be played out iu 5 or 6 strokes. Bound the New Course 31

Hole 5.—The fifth is a shoz-t hole, and a good drive may reach it safely from the tee. In any case, the first shot should land beyond the heathery ground at the start, after which the turf is fairly smooth. The hole lies on an elevation, and the surrounding ground is hilly. At the further extremity of the green is a stretch of dense whins. It will be prudent, therefore, not to overrun the green with the second shot in approaching. 3 or 4 should finish the hole. Hole 6.—The course now turns back towards the north-east. Going to the sixth hole, a level stretch comes first, skirted on either side, however, by rough whinny ground. About two or three strokes1 distance from the tee, and within a stroke of the hole, the ground rises in a high uneven ridge, in the crossing of which many bad lies are to be encountered. The green, which occupies a tolerably level patch at the base of this ridge, should be reached iii 3 or 4, and the hole accomplished in 5 or 6. Hole 7.—The course again changes its direction, the seventh hole lying to the north-west. It will bo judicious to follow a line a little to the right from the tee, taking care to steer clear of a bunker lying on the left some 50 yards ahead of the teeing-ground. The ground in the immediate neighbourhood of the green is hilly, and the green itself rough, lieaching the green in 2 or 3, the player should" get the hole for 4 or 5. Hole S.—The eighth hole, situate in a north- westerly direction, will test a player's capabilities severely. It is a long way off, and extremely difficult of access. A bunker about 40 yards from the tee is the first hazard. A well-driven ball will, of course, leave it far behind. But another bunker lies at the distance of a good drive from the tee on the left, where the whole surrounding ground is composed of hills and hollows. Twenty yards further ahead a large bunker gapes in the middle of the course. Yet another lies in wait for the incautious or unfortunate 32 The Golf Courses player 40 yards forward at the right-hand side of the line of play, and in the middle of the course another large bunker may be encountered. The difficulties are by no means at an end, however. To reach the hole a high ridge must yet be crossed, aggravated by a small bunker on its slope some twenty yards to the right of the direct line to the green. In the valley beyond the ridge, where the soil is sandy and the grass coarse and tough, the hole lies. It is possible by dint of good golf to reach the green in 4, and take the hole in 5 or 6; but larger figures need not put a player to shame. Hole 9.—The route to the ninth hole runs to the north-east, and lies parallel to the Biver Eden. It is a most troublesome route to play over, and there is no royal road to the hole. The soil is sandy, the grass is long, rank, and coarse. The formation of the ground may be fitly described as " mountainous," and to add to its disadvantages there are three small but difficult bunkers in a line on the left-hand side of the course—the first scarcely a drive from the tee, and the other two at distances of about 20 yards apart. The hole lies high on a small patch of rough cropped turf, with hollows surrounding it, and long coarse grass growing in the loose, arid, sandy soil beyond. By favour of fortune and skill it is possible to reach the green in 2; but if the third shot brings his ball within putting distance of the hole, let not the player's heart be troubled, neither let his soul be dismayed. 5 or 6 may be quite a satisfactory score. Half of the round has now been completed, and that the most exacting half. Mole, 10.—From the teeing-ground on a level with the ninth hole, the course runs in a south-easterly direction towards the tenth hole. The favourite line of play is a little to the right. A range of sandy hills bounds the route on the left hand, and a ridge ex- tends across it transversely. The latter may be •cleared with a good tee-shot. There is a small Round the New Cmwse bunker on its left-hand corner which might spoil a stroke, however. Lying in wait for the second shot on the slope of the hills extending along the left boundary is a shelly bunker—large, deep, and detri- mental. Right on to the hole the ground is rough and hilly. The putting-green, although its surface is uneven, is tolerably smooth turf, and, reaching it in 3 or 4, the player may hole out in 5 or 6. Hole 11.—The eleventh hole lies north-weat. A small bunker facing the tee about 30 yards ahead need give little concern to a careful driver; but two large ones on either side of the course are in a position to threaten danger to the tee shot. The green is a fairly smooth bit of turf. It may be approached without difficultj' in the seeotid or third shot, and the hole should bo got for 4 or 5. Hole 12. —The route to the twelfth hole again runs south-east. About a drive from the tee a large bunker falls to be encountered in mid-course, and the ground beyond is rough aud hilly. There are knolls and hillocks surrounding the putting-green, and some 20 yards from the border of the green a bunker lies on the right. The green, which may be reached in 2 or 3, is rough, 4 or 5 will be a good score for the hole. Hole 13.—The thirteenth hole is situate to the north-east. It is a short hole, and a skilfully-played iron or cleek shot may laud the ball on the green from the toe. In the event of its swerving or being topped, however, it may light on rough ground or come to grief in the bunker lying in the middle of the line of play about 40 yards from the teeiiig-ground. More- over, there is a large bunker in dangerous position on the fringe of the green, and a third behind the hole. The green is good, and if it is reached in the first shot, the hole can be easily done in 2 or 3. In any case the score ought not to exceed 4. Hole H-—The route to the fourteenth hole takes a south-westerly direction. Facing the player about 50 D M The Golf Courses yards from the tee is a hill in which three bunkers are cut—one in the centre and one on either hand. There is another bunker further on at the right-hand side of the course, about a full drive's length from the tee. A clean-hit shot from the teeing-ground with a slight inclination to the left should land safely on playable ground. But for the remainder of the dis- tance the ground is broken into hills and hollows, and the green is by no means easy to approach with precision. Under fortunate experiences, the third shot should attain it. The green is adapted to good putting, and the hole should be done in 5 or 6. Role 15.—The course now takes a line to the west, and the distance betwixt the teeing-ground and the fifteenth green may be traversed in a couple of good drives. The ground to begin with, however, is very rough and hilly, and there are three bunkers within the limits of the course. The first of these lies in the centre of the course not more than half-a-stroke's distance from the tee. The other two are on the left- hand side, one about a drive from the tee, the other some 30 yards further on. The green having been reached in the second or third shot, tolerably easy putting follows, and in 4 or 5 the player should hole out without difficulty. Hole 16.—From this point to the finish the course maintains a fairly direct line towards the south-east. Going to the sixteenth hole, the best line of play to adopt from the tee is a little to the right. The character of the ground is irregular, capricious, and perilous. Besides unevemiess of surface, there are whins and patches of long grass to be encountered. About 50 yards from the tee a bunker lies in the middle of the course. At the distance of a full drive from the teeing-ground there is another bunker on the left hand, and some 30 yards in advance of it, at the edge of the whins which border the course on the left, a third bunker is ready to trap a straying ball. In front of the green there aro hillocks to be crossed. Round thfi New Course, &c. 35

The third or fourth shot should bring the ball to the green, which is tolerably smooth and playable, and the bottom of the hole should be reached in the 5 th or 6th shot. Hole 17.—The seventeenth is a short hole, and the course is free from any serious hazard, except a single bunker lying on. the right, some 60 yards or there- abouts from the tee. In the immediate vicinity of the teeing-ground the course is rough, but neaz'er the hole it becomes more smooth, and the putting-green is good. A very long tee-shot may arrive on the green, and it should, at all events, be reached in not more than 2. 3 or 4 will be a satisfactory score. Hole 18.—Playing towards the eighteenth and last green, for a distance of about 50 yards from the tee the ground is very hilly and overgrown with long grass ; bat beyond that, there is a long stretch of level turf, as good as any to be found on this course. No less than six bunkers gape in the route. The first is on the left-hand side within reach of a good tee shot. Two small ones lie about 30 yards further ahead on the loft. Other three are encountered hi the vicinity of the green, the last being in a line with the hole on the right. There are a few knolls in the immediate neighbourhood of the putting-green, which may be reached in 3. The turf is smooth, and the hole may be readily done in 5 or G.

THE THIRD GOLF COURSE. The Third Golf Course, which, although free to all comers, was primarily designed to afford accommoda- tion for the lady-golfers who are not content with the game as played on the Short Course, and who could not with comfort to themselves and others play ou the other long courses—at least during the learning stage —lies betwixt the New Golf Course and the range of sandy hillocks abutting on the beach. It was formally opened on the day of the celebration of the 60th year The Golf Courses of Her Majesty's reign in 1897 by Mrs M'Gregor, wife of the Provost of St Andrews, but has practically been available for play only since the beginning of the 1898 golf season, It consists meanwhile of 12 holes. The route of the course and position of the holes may be seen from the Map of the Links. Ladies and learners of botli sexes will find the course an admirable training-ground.

TABLE SHOWING AT WHAT HOLES STROKES ARE TO BE TAKEN IN THE QUEEN VICTORIA JUBILEE VASE (HDOP.) TOURNAMENT.

1 a 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 2 s In 1 1 1 1 3 2 S H 1 1 4 3 7 II IS 1 5 S u 12 16 ] 6 S B XX 14 «7 ] 7 S 8 II .3 16 18 I S 4

LENGTH OF HOLES ON THE THREE COUESES. The following may be given as the approximate length of holes on the Three Courses :—

OLD COURSE OUT, IN. 1st Hole, 352 yards. 1st Hole, - - 290 yards 2nd 417 , 2nd ,, - - 150 , 3rd 335 , 3rd ,, - - 320 , 4th 367 . 4th ., . - 385 , 5th 516 ,' 6th ,, - - 475 , Gth 359 , 6th , , - - 375 , 7th 340 , 7th ,, - - 334 , 8th 170 , 8th , , - • 461 , 9th 277 , 9th . , - 387 , 3133 3177 NEW OR SECOND COURSE. OUT. IN. 1st Hole, SI 0 yards. 1st Hole 440 yards. 2nd 400 , 2nd , 330 3rd 510 , 3rd , 440 4th 320 , 4th , 170 5th 190 , 5th , 400 (1th 440 , Cth , 280 7th 350 , 7th 490 8th 500 , 8th , 210 Oth 280 Oth 380 300 3140 THIRD COURSE. OUT. IN. 1st Hole, 155 yards. 1st Hole, - - 190 yards. 2nd 220 2nd ,, - - 190 „ 3rd 260 3rd „ - - 266 „ 4th 220 4th ,, - - 200 „ 5th 133 5th , , - 225 „ Gth 350 6th ,, - - 260 ,, 1338 1331 38 The Golf Courses

RECORDS OF THE GREEN. THE OLD COURSE. ** npO write the history of the game as it should J_ be, done," says Mr. Andrew Lang, " demands a thorough study of all Scottish Acts of Parliament, Kirk-Session Eecords, Memoirs, and in fact of Scottish literature, legislation, and history from the beginning of time. A young man must do it, and he will be so ancient before he finishes the toil that he will scarce see the flag on the short hole at St Andrews from the tee." It is safe to conjecture that whoever might aspire to compile an exhaustive account of the at St Andrews would require to face a labour of research not much less extensive. A task so formidable is, of course, beyond the scope of this book. Fascinating antique details about Queen Mary playing golf at St Andrews after the death of Darnley, about James Melvil's ventures in the game in 1574, about the golfing merits of the great Marquis of Montrose when he was a strident at St Andrews, and other random facts scattered through the chronicles and biographies of the country, if they were dis- interred from obscurity and decked out in picturesque form, might make interesting reading at a smaller sacrifice of labour ; but even this less arduous tinder- taking must be relinquished. Here it must suffice to deal very briefly with history of which the particulars are at least more circumstantial and accessible, if not quite so attractive from an imaginative point of view. To the enthusiastic golfer they may at least be suggestive. Allan Eobertson may fitly be taken as the starting-point. This celebrated golfer flourished some seventy years ago. He was born on 11th September 1815. Matches were elaborate under- Records of the Green 39 takings in his time. One -which took place in 1843 betwixt Allan and Willie Dunn of Musselburgh consisted of 20 rounds and lasted 10 days ! Tradition credits him with consummate skill and artifice in the game. On 15th September 1858, he established 79 as the record score of the green. The detailed figures are as follows :— Out, 444556444-40 In, 4 3 5 6 4 5 5 4 3-39—79 This feat remained unsurpassed down to the year 1869, when Tommy Morris, whose brilliant and eventful career is one of the most interesting in the annals of golf, eclipsed it with a round of 77, detailed tbais :— Out, 4445 6443 3—37 In, 33465455 5—40—77 In 1887, J. 0. F. Morris equalled his elder brother's score of 77, the details of his round being :— Out, 44445553 4—88 In, 4 3 36 555 54-39—77 The next reduction of the record was accomplished by Hugh Kirkaldy, who, in October 1888, holed out on the last green with a total of 74, made up as follows :— Out, 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 4—33 In, 4 3 4 4 0 4 5 6 5—41—74 Nine months later (30th July 1889) Hugh surpassed his own record with the following score of 73 ;— Out, 4543 5 533 3-35 In, 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 5—38—73 His brother, Andrew Kirkaldy, afterwards made an equivalent score. An amateur, Mr P. G-. Tait, was next to refine on the record. He accomplished a 72 on 5th February 1894. Details :— Out, 5 4 4 3 5 4 5 3 3-3G In, 3335544S 4—36-72 On 13th November 1895, Andrew Kirkaldy also recorded a 72, viz.:.— Out, 40354 5 43 4—38 In, 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 5—34—72 40 The Golf Courses

Eemarkable as this featwaR accounted, Willie Auchter- lonie, on 23rd July 1897, succeeded in eclipsing it, and his score of 71 is now the record of the course. The following are the particulars of his phenomenal round:— Out, 45 43 36 4 44-36 In, 42444445 4-35—71 . From these data it might readilybe inferred that there is shewn a gradual development in the quality of the golf played at St Andrews; but in drawing such an inference, the radical alterations which have occurred in the character of the course should be borne in mind. Betwixt the period of 's score of 79, and that of Willie Auchterlonie's 71, the external features of the Links have been modified in a very great degree. The subtlety and art of the older player's game have been extolled by those who remember him and are qualified to make comparisons, as far surpassing anything since known. " The ounningest bit body o' a player, I dae think, that ever haun'led cleek and putter," Tom Morris is reported to have described him as. Allan is said to have been so completely master of the game that he would at times indulge in artifices, which might justify his being regarded as a kind of golfing Sisyphus. He would affect to be exerting extreme vigour in his drive with the deliberate purpose of decoying his opponent into a special effort, the effect being that whereas the latter landed his ball in a hazard, Allan's stroke, not so powerful as it appeared to be, fell short of the place of peril. There is preserved in Golfiana Miscellanea a list of Allan Robertson's finest scores for the 18 several holes made at different times. The following are the details :— Out, 333 344 3 1 3-27 In, 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 3-29—50 It is notorious that, whether the subject of comparison be men, institutions, or customs, to arrive at a just balance of the relative claims Records of the Oreen 41 of things past and things present is a difficult task, and this remark certainly holds good with reference to golf. The course at St Andrews may be so much easier to encounter now-a-days that Allan Robertson's 79 should be regarded as intrinsically equal, if not superior, to the latest record; but the point is too obscure to be confidently pronounced upon. Even if it were clear that the heroes of the " good old days " were superior to those of the new, it is idle to " pine for force to raise a ghost of vanished days." The prowess of the departed great may well be profitable matter for the study of the enthusiastic aspirant; but, after all, a living dog is better than a dead lion. THE NEW COURSE. The New Course has not been long enough in existence to establish a voluminous history, but already several notable scores have been made on it. The record at the present time is held by Andrew Kirkaldy, who, on 13th February 1896, went round in 76. The accompanying details show the scores for the several holes in his round :— Out, 445445455—10 In, 544244C3 4-30-76

LADIES' PUTTING COURSE. The history of this portion of the Links has been connected with some disagreement betwixt the St Andrews Ladies' Golf Club and the public of St Andrews, involving law-suits, &o.; but no advantage can be gained by recounting such matters here. The record of the Course meanwhile stands in the name of Miss Mabel Smith, who, on 27th September 1888, accomplished a score of 94 for two rounds of a course of 18 holes. "PAR" SCORES. The recognised "par" of the Old Coarse is 76. The 42 The Golf Courses following may be looked on as an approximate score in detail:— Out, 44445443 4—36 In, 43445445 4—37—73 The " par " of the New Course is 78 or thereabouts, approximately detailed as follows :— Out, 44544546 4-40 In, 54435453 5—38—78

ACROSS THE GEEEN. "Hope springs eternal in the human breast, Man never is but always to be, blest." Regulations for Use of Old and Nevi Courses 43

BYE-LAWS AND REGULATIONS FOR STARTING

BYE-LAWS BY THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE BURGH OF ST ANDREWS IN VIRTUE OF THE ST ANDREWS LlNKS ACT, 1894, AND THE BURGH POLICE () ACT, 1892, FOB THE REGULATION OF THE LlNKS OF ST ANDREWS, MADE AND ADOPTED 14TH DECEMBER 1896. . REGULATIONS FOR THE USE OF THE OLD GOLF COURSE AND THE NEW GOLF COURSE. 1. No person shall play Cricket, Football, or any game other than Golf upon the Golf Courses. 2. All players shall begin at the first teeing-ground. 3. No player shall, in teeing his ball, raise the turf of the teeiug-ground. 4. No player shall play from the tee until the party in front, have played their second strokes and are out of range, nor play to the putting-green till the party in front have holed out and moved away. 5. Players looking for a lost ball must allow any other match coming up to pass them. 6. Every cadie, and every player unaccompanied by a cadie, shall replace any turf that may be accidentally removed by the player's club, and shall press it firmly with the foot. 7. No person when practising shall drive a ball off a putting-green, i.e., within 20 yards of a golf hole. 44 The Golf Courses

8. To prevent destruction of the turf of the golf courses, play or practice with iron clubs alone is prohibited. 9. No practice is allowed over the first and eighteenth holes of the Old Course, nor shall any practice be allowed over any part of the Golf Courses so as to obstruct or delay regular players. 10. Players playing three or more balls must allow players playing two balls to pass them immediately on being requested to do so. 11. Players turning withoiit playing a "whole round must allow players playing two balls, who are in course of playing a complete round, to pass them immediately on being requested to do so. 12. No person shall pierce the ground within 10 yards of a golf hole with any golf club support. 13. Golf flags, when taken out of the holes, must be laid upon the ground—the turf on no account to be pierced—and the flag must be replaced in the hole. 14. No player shall drive a ball if any person is in a position of danger from the same, without first shouting " fore," and allowing a reasonable oppor- tunity to get out of range. 15. No person shall be allowed to play the short game at the regular golf holes, except when engaged in a regular game of golf. 16. No practising is allowed on the eighteenth putting-green. 17. No one but those specially authorised by the Green Committee shall make or close any golf hole, alter any teeing-ground, or in any way interfere with the management and conservation of the Golf Courses. 18. No one shall wade in the Swilcan Burn, so far as it flows through the Old Course, nor shall anyone, except players or their cadies in search of their ball, do anything to cause its waters to become discoloured or muddy. 19. With exception of the portion of the Links occupied by the road leading from the Golf Hotel Regulations for Use of Old and New Courses 45 westwards to the bridge at west end of Gibson Place, and of the road which crosses from Clark's Wynd to the West Sands, no person shall enter upon or pass over any part of the Golf Courses, •with any horse or other beast of draught, or with any carriage, cart, bicycle, tricycle, or other vehicle, except for purposes connected with the repair of the Golf Courses, or the grazing of the Links. 20. The New Course shall be open to the public free of charge in all months of the year except in the months of July, August, and September. In these months the New Course shall be open to (first) members of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club; (second) ratepayers of St Andrews, including their children; (third) the proprietor of Strathtyrum and his family and guests; (fourth) persons provided with a ticket of admission from the Green Committee. The said Committee shall issue tickets at the rates of not more than two shillings and sixpence per day, eight shillings and sixpence per week, or one pound one shilling per month, to ' such a number of the public as shall not overcrowd such, course. 21. The Short Hole Golf Course near the Old llailway Station shall be reserved for the use of ladies, and children under ten years of age. Gentlemen shall ploy there only when the match includes a lady or ladies, or a child or children under ten years of age.

GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR THE WHOLE LINKS, As DEFINED nr SCHEDULE I. OF ME LINKS AOT. 1. No person shall play golf on the enclosed ground near the flag-staff opposite the Club House. 2. No one shall use profane or indecent language upon the Links to the annoyance of the lieges. 3. No one shall annoy or interfere with any one •exercising a legitimate use of the Links. 4. Every complaint for a breach of any of the 46 The Golf Courses foregoing Bye-Laws shall proceed at the instance of the Burgh Prosecutor, before the Magistrates, or any of them. 5. PENALTIES.—Any person who shall contravene any of the foregoing Bye-Laws shall be liable, on conviction, in a penalty not exceediug one pound for each offence, and, failing payment, to imprisonment for any period not exceeding fourteen days.

REGULATIONS FOE STARTING MADE BY THE GREEN COMMITTEE OF ST ANDREWS LINKS, UNDER THE POWERS CONFERRED ON THEM BY THE ST ANDREWS LINKS ACT, 1894, AND APPROVED OF BY THE BURGH COMMISSIONERS OF ST ANDREWS ON 23RD FEBRUARY 1898. 1. When a Starter is employed, he will be present from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m., and shall start the players in accordance with the times in the Time Table, and with Rules Nos. 6 and 7. 2. On these occasions applications for starting must be made by card, which must be placed in the Starter's box, or in a box at the Post Office, not later than 5 p.m. the previous day, and for a Monday, not later than 5 p.m. on the previous Saturday. Application may also be made by post cards or telegrams (addressed to " Starter, St Andrews ") -which will be treated in the same way as the cards. The cards, post cards, and telegrams shall each afternoon be mixed and ballotted, and effect given to the hour applied for in the order in which they come out at the ballot. Should the hour named be already taken, the nearest disengaged one will be allotted either before or after Regulations for Starting 47 as directed. On Thursday afternoons every fourth place, and on Saturday afternoons every second place, shall be left vacant and not ballotted for. 3. Applicants, whether singles or , must enter their opponents' names as well as their own on the cards, post cards, and telegrams. In the case of foursomes, three names shall be sufficient. 4. When the ballot is in force a list of the order of starting for each day will he posted at the Starter's box and at the Post Office on the previous evening about six o'clock. 5. Any party not ready to start immediately when its number is called, loses its turn, and must wait for the first vacancy. 6. Players coming on the ground without a number shall have their names taken down by the Starter, and vacancies shall be allotted to them in the order of their arrival at the tee. 7. In the event of unpropitious weather, or other accidental circumstances rendering it impossible to adhere to the time as entered on the list, the Starter is empowered to dispatch matches in rotation by their numbers only, and the regulations as to time will be cancelled. 8. Any dispute which may arise must be left to the decision of the Starter. 9. A player without an opponent, or who is receiving instruction, cannot have a number allotted to him, nor can he bo recognised as having any standing on the Green. 10. A player who has his clubs carried for him, and whose cadie also plays in the game as his opponent, has no standing on the Green. 11. When no Starter is employed, parties will start in the order of arrival at the tee. 12. No special arrangements will be made for Stranger Clubs coming to St Andrews for their Club competitions. The Golf Courses

13. The Green. Committee may make speoial arrangements for Medal Days, Championships, and important Local Competitions. Application Cards can he had from the Starter, and are also to be found in the Club Bouse, at the different Hotels, the various Clubmakers' Shops, and at the Post Office.

REGULATIONS FOE EMPLOYMENT OF GOLF OADIES & PEOFESSIONAL GOLFEES BYE-LAWS BY THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE BURQH OF ST ANDREWS IN VIRTUE OF THE ST ANDREWS LINKS ACT, 1894, AND THE BURGH POLICE (SCOTLAND) ACT, 1892, AS TO THE APPOINTMENT AND REGULATION OF GOLF CADIES AND THEIR REMUNERATION, AND THAT OF PROFESSIONAL GOLFERS, MADE AND ADOPTED 27TH JULY 1896. 1. No person shall act as a cadie for hire within the Burgh of St Andrews until ho shall have been licensed by the Magistrates. 2. In order to procure such license, the applicant must lodge with the Clerk to the Magistrates a petition in writing, setting forth his name, age, and place of residence, his occupation, and how long ho has resided in the Burgh, and whether, and if so how long, he has acted as cadie, the application to be accompanied with the names of one or more respect- able inhabitants as references to character. 3. A register of every license so granted shall be kept by the Clerk to the Magistrates, and every such license shall be signed by the said Clerk, and shall continue in force for the period mentioned in the license, said period not to exceed twelve months. Regulations for Gadies and Professionals 49

4. Every oadie shall wear on an arm of his outer garment a badge having thereon the number which shall be issued to him on his being licensed, for which license badge the applicant shall pay two shillings and sixpence to the Clerk to the Magistrates. 5. No cadie shall transfer or lend his badge to any person. On his returning it to the Clerk of the Magistrates, he shall receive hack the two shillings and sixpence which he paid. 6. No cadie shall refuse an engagement unless he shall have another engagement which he cannot fulfil without refusing it, and in such case he shall, if required, furnish the person refused with the name and address of the party to whom he is engaged. 7. No cadie shall anywhere canvass for employ- ment, or quarrel or make a noise about his rotation for employment, or about the players or the game, or annoy the public or the players in any way. 8. Every cadie shall always be decently clothed and strictly sober, and conduct himself in a civil, respectful; and proper manner. 9. Cndies when accompanying players shall replace any turf that may be removed by the player's club, and press it firmly with the foot. 10. Every cadie shall obey the orders of any officer or officers duly appointed to take charge of the green. 11. The license of every cadie who, during the currency thereof, shall be convicted of crime, shall, on and after such conviction, be held to be forfeited, but it may at any time be restored by the Magistrates. 12. The charges for carrying clubs by regular licensed cadies shall be as follows, and shall be applicable to both the Old and the New Golf Courses:— i round or part of SEPTEMBER, B 50 The Golf Courses

Is 6d for 1st round or part of a round, Is for seoond round or part of a round, and la 6d ( for each subsequent round or part thereof. N.S.—TliC Spring and Autumn Meeting weeks of the Royal and Anoient Golf Club are exeepted from the above. (8.) During the Spring and S Autumn Meeting weeks (2s for each round or part of a of that Club, exclusive C round, of the Medal Round, .., ) (4.) For the Medal Round, if the Employer is a Competitor, (6.) For whole Medal "Week, F inclusive of the Medal V- 25s Round, ... J Players may make special arrangements for lengthened periods with licensed oadies. 13. TARIFF FOR PROFESSIONALS. — A professional player shall be entitled to receive from his employer, when playing as his partner or opponent, 2s 6 d for each round or part of a round, and his cadic's fee. For teaching or giving instruction in Golf, a pro- fessional player shall receive 2s 6d for each round or part of a round. 14. Every person receiving a cadie's license shall be held to accept it on the condition that he shall observe these Bye-Laws. Every complaint for a breach of any of the fore- going Bye-Laws shall proceed at the iustauce of the Burgh Prosecutor, before the Magistrates, or any of them. PENALTIES.—Every csidie who shall contravene any of the foregoing Bye-Laws Khali be liable, on con- viction, in a penalty not exceeding teu shillings for each offence, and, failing payment, to imprisonment for any period not exceeding seven days, or to suspension or revocation of his license, either as an alternative for non-payment of such penalty, or for such imprisonment, or as the sole punishment for such contravention. Rules for the Game 51

RULES FOR THE GAME ADOPTED BY THB ROYAL AND ANOIBKT GOLF' CLUB OF ST ANDREWS, 29TH SEPTEMBER 1891, AND AS REVISED JN 1895.

1. How THE GAME IS PLATED.—The Game of Golf is played by two or more sides, each playing its own ball. A side may consist of one or more persons. 2. OF WHAT THE GAME CONSISTS.—The game consists in each side playing a ball from a tee into a hole by successive strokes, and the hole is won by the sido holing its ball in the fewest strokes, except as otherwise provided for in the Rules. If two sides hole out in the same number of strokes, the bole is halved. 3. TtaiNG-GnouND.—The Teeing-Ground shall be indicated by two marks placed in a line at right angles to the course, and the player shall not tee in front of, nor on either side of, these marks, nor more than two club lengths behind them. A ball played from outside the limits of the Teeing-Ground, as thus defined, may be recalled by the opposite side. Size of Bole.—The hole shall be i\ inches in diameter, and at least 4 inches deep. 4. DEFINITION OF STROKE.—The ball must be fairly struck at, and not pushed, scraped, or spooned, under penalty of the loss of the hole. Any movement of tho club which is intended to strike the ball is a stroke. 5. How THE GAME COMMENCES. — The game commences by each side playing a ball from the first Teeing-Ground. In a match with two or more on a side, tho partners shall strike off alternately from the 52 Rules for the Game , and shall strike alternately during the play of the hole. Arranging Players in a Match.-—The players who are to strike against each other shall be named at start- ing, and shall continue in the same order during the match. The player who shall play first on each side shall be named by his own side. In case of failure to agree, it shall be settled by lot or toss which side shall have the option of leading. 6. PLAYING OUT OP TURN.—If a player shall play when his partner should have done so, his side shall lose the hole, except in the case of the tee shot, when the stroke may be recalled at the option of the opponents. 7. THE "HONOUR."—The side winning a hole shall lead in starting for the next hole, and may recall the opponent's stroke should he play out of order. This privilege is called the "honour." On starting for a new match, the winner of the long match in the previous round is entitled to the "honour." Should the first match have been halved, the winner of the last hole gained is entitled to the " honour." 8. WHAT CONSTITUTES A MATOH. — One round of the Links—generally 18 holes—is a match, unless otherwise agreed upon. The match is won by the side which gets more holes ahead than there remain holes to be played, or by the side winning the last hole when the match was all even at the second last hole. If both sides have won the same number, it is a halved match. 9. FURTHEST PROM HOLE.—After the balls are struck from the tee, the ball furthest from the hole to which the parties are playing shall be played first, except as otherwise provided for in the Bules. Should the wrong side play first, the opponent may recall the stroke before his side has played. 10. BALL STRUCK FROM TEE CANNOT BE CHANGED. —Unless with the opponent's consent, a ball struck from the tee shall not be changed, touched, Rules for the Game 53 or moved before the hole is played out under the penalty of one stroke, except as otherwise provided for in the Rules. 11. LOOSE IMPEDIMENTS IN PLATING THROUGH GREEN.—In playing through the Green, all loose impediments, within a club length of a ball which is not lying in or touching a hazard, may be removed, but loose impediments which are more than a club length from the ball shall not be removed under the penalty of one stroke. 12. OBSTACLES FIXED OR GROWING.'—Before striking at the ball, the player shall not move, bend, or break anything fixed or growing near the ball, except in the act of placing his feet on the ground for the purpose of addressing the ball, and in soling his club to address the ball, under the penalty of the loss of the hole, except as provided for in Rule 18. 13. BALL STUCK FAST.—A ball stuck fast in wet ground or sand may be taken out and replaced loosely in the hole which it has made. 14. BALL IN OR TOUCHING A HAZARD.—When a ball lies in or touches a hazard, the club shall not touch the ground, nor Bhall anything be touched or moved before the player strikes at the ball, except that the player may place his feet firmly on the ground for the purpose of addressing the ball, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. But if in the backward or in the downward swing, any grass, bent, whin, or othei* growing substance, or the side of a bunker, a wall, paling, or other immovable obstacle be touched, no penalty shall be incurred. 15. DEFINITION OF A HAZARD.—A "hazard" shall be any bunker of whatever nature:—Water, sand, loose earth, mole hills, paths, roads or railways, whins, bushes, rushes, rabbit scrapes, fences, ditches, or any- thing which is not the ordinary green of the course, except sand blown on to the grass by wind, or sprinkled on grass for the preservation of the links, or snow or ice, or bare patches on the course. 54 Rides for the Game

16. IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACE NOT TO BE PRESSED DOWN.—A player or a player's cadie; shall not press down or remove any irregularities of surface near the ball, except at the Teeing-Ground, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 17. TEMPORARY OBSTRUCTION OB BALL IN GOLF HOLE.—If any vessel, wheel-barrow, tool, roller, grass-cutter, bos, or other similar obstruction has been placed upon the course, such obstruction may be removed. A ball lying on or touching such obstruc- tion, or on clothes, or nets, or on ground under repair or temporarily covered up or opened, may be lifted and dropped at the nearest point of the course, but a ball lifted in a hazard shall be dropped in the hazard. A ball lying in a golf hole or flag hole may be lifted and dropped not more than a club length behind such hole. 18. BALL COVEBED BY VEGETATION. — When a^ ball is completely covered with fog, bent, whins,

27. PLAYING THE WRONG- BALL.—A player's side loses a stroke if he play the opponent's ball, un- less (1) the opponent then play the player's ball, whereby the penalty is cancelled, and the hole must be played out with the balls thus exchanged, or (2) the mistake occur through wrong information given by the opponent, in which case the mistake, if discovered before the opponent has played, must be rectified by placing a ball as nearly as possible where the oppon- ent's ball lay. If Discovered before Playing Off Tee.—If it be discovered before either side has struck off at the tee that one side has played out the previous hole with the ball of a party not engaged in the match, that side loses that hole. 28. BALL LOST.—If a ball be lost, the player's side loses the hole. A ball shall be held as lost if it be not found within five minutes after the search is begun. 29. BALL MUST BE PLAYED WHERE IT LIES.— A ball must bo played wherever it lies, or the hole be given up, except as otherwise provided for in the Rules. 30. DEFINITION OP PUTTING - GREEN.—The term " Putting - Green" shall mean the ground within 20 yards of the hole, exce23ting hazards, 31. IMPEDIMENTS ON PUTTING-GREEN.—All loose impediments may be removed from the Putting- Green, except the opponent's ball when at a greater distance from the player's than six inches. 32. WHEN BALL TO BE LIFTED ON PUTTING-GREEN. —In a match of three or more sides, a ball in any degree lying between the player and the hole must be lifted, or, if on the Putting-Green, holed out. 33. THE LINE TO HOLE ON PUTTING - GREEN. —When the ball is on the Putting-Green, no mark shall be placed, nor line drawn as a guide. The line to the hole may be pointed out, but the person doing so may not touch the ground with the hand or club. Rules for the Game 57

Shielding Ball from Wind.—The player may have his own or his partner's eadio to stand at the hole, but none of the players or their cadies may move so as to shield the ball from, or expose it to, the wind. The penalty for any breach of this Rule is the loss of the hole. 34. OBSTACLES SOUND HOLE.—The player or his cadie may remove (but not press clown) sand, earth, worm casts, or snow lying around the hole or on the line of his put. This shall be done by brushing lightly with the hand only across the put and not along it. Dung may be removed to a side by an iron club, but the club must not be laid with more than its own weight upon the ground. The putting-line must not be touched by club, hand, or foot, except as above authorised, or immediately in front of the ball in the act of addressing it, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 35. BALL ON FLAG-STICK.—Either side is entitled to have the flag-stick removed when approaching the hole.. If the ball rest against the flag-stick when in the hole, the player shall be entitled to remove the stick, and, if the ball fall in, it shall be considered as holed out in the previous stroke. 36. HOLDING—KNOCKING IN OPPONENT'S BALL.— A player shall not play until the opponent's ball shall have ceased to roll, under the penalty of one stroke. Should the player's ball knock in the oppon- eut's ball, the latter shall be counted as holed out in the previous stroke. If, in playing, the player's ball displace the opponent's ball, the opponent shall have the option of replacing it. 37. ASKING OR GETTING ADVICE.—A player shall not ask for advice, nor bo knowingly advised about the game by word, look, or gesture from any one except his own cadie, or his partner or partner's cadie, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 38. BALL SPLITTING OR BECOMING UNPLAYABLE.— If a ball split into separate pieces, another ball may 58 , Rules for the Game be put down where the largest portion lies, or if two pieces are ajjparently of equal size, it may be put where either piece lies, at the option of the player. If a ball crack or become unplayable, the player may change it, on intimating to his opponent his intention to do so. 39, A PENALTY STROKE.—A penalty stroke shall not be counted the stroke of a player, and shall not affect the rotation of play. 40. ARBITRATING A DISPUTE,—Should any dispute arise on any point, the players have the right of determining the party or parties to whom the dispute shall be referred; but should they not agree, either party may refer it to the Green Committee of the Green where the dispute occurs, and their decision shall be final. Should the dispute not be covered by the , the arbiters must decide it by equity,

SPECIAL KULES FOE MEDAL PLAY. 1. CLUB COMPETITIONS.—In Club competitions, the competitor doing the stipulated course in fewest strokes shall be the winner. 2. TIES.—If the lowest score be made by two or more competitors, the ties shall be decided by another round to be played either on the same or any other day as the Captain, or, in his absence, the Secretary, shall direct. 3. NEW HOLES.—New holes shall be made for the Medal Round, and thereafter no member shall play any stroke on a Putting-Green before competing. 4. MARKERS. — The scores shall bo kept by a special marker, or by the competitors noting each other's scores. Tlie scores marked shall be checked at the finish of each hole. On completion of the course, the score of the player shall be signed by the person keeping the score and handed to the Secretary. Since this book was published, the following changes have been made :— ALTERATION. SPECIAL RULES FOR MEDAL PLAY (Page 58). RULE 2. TIES—Now reads:— If the lowest score be made by two or more com- petitors, the ties shall be decided by another round to be played on the same day, or in the event of the Green Committee determining that it is impossible to play:, another round on that day, then on the follow- ing day.

ADDITION. LOCAL RULES FOR ST ANDREWS LINKS (Page 60). After RULE 3. BALL IN EDEN OR SEA—the following has been added :— 3a. Over the bank of the River Eden shall be treated as a hazard, and accordingly it is not per- missible to ground the club or touch the sedge in addressing a ball there. 3b. The cart road in the whins between the Old and New Courses shall be considered a hazard. Special Rules for Medal Play 59

5. LOST.—If a ball be lost, the player shall return as nearly as possible to the spot where tho ball was struck, tee another ball, and lose a stroke. If the lost ball be found before lie has struck the other ball, the first shall continue in play. 6. STRIKING PLATER OH STRIKING BALL TWIOB. —If the player's ball strike himself, or his clubs or cadie, or if, hi the act of playing, the player strike tho ball twice, the penalty shall be one stroke. 7. STRIKING PARTNER. — If a competitor's ball strike the other player, or his clubs or eadie, it is a "rub of the green," and the ball shall be played from where it lies. 8. LIFTING.—A ball may, under a penalty of two strokes, be lifted out of a difficulty of any description, and be teed behind same. 9. ON THE PUTTING-G-REEN — HOLEING OUT.-— All balls shall be holed out, and when play is on the Putting-Green, the flag shall bo removed, and the competitor whoso ball is nearest the hole shall have the option of holeing out first, or of lifting his ball, if it be in such a position that it might, if left, give an advau- tage to the other competitor. Throughout tho green a .competitor cau have tho other competitor's ball lifted, if ho find that it interferes with his stroke. 10. ADVICE.—A co'mpetitor may not play with a professional, and he may not receive advice from any- one but his cadio. A fore-cadi e may be employed. 11. BAD WEATHER.—Competitors may not dis- continue play because of bad weather. 12. BREACH OF RULES.—The penalty for a breach of any Rule shall be disqualification. 13. DISPUTES.—Any dispute regarding the play shall be determined by the Green Committee. 14. ORDINARY RULES.—The Ordinary Rules of Golf, so far as they are not at variance with these Special Rules, shall apply to medal play. 60 Rules for the Game

LOCAL RULES FOE ST ANDEEWS LINES. 1. TELEGRAPH BOAED.—When the Green Committee consider it necessary, a Telegraph Board shall be used to give the numbers for starting. 2. BALL IN SWILOAN BURN.—If the ball lie in any position in the Swilcan Burn, -whether in -water or not, the player may drop it, or if it cannot be recovered, another ball may be dropped on the line where it entered the burn, on the opposite side to the hole to that to which he is playing, under the penalty of one stroke. 3. BALL IN EDEN OR SEA.—Should a ball be driven into the water of the Eden at the high hole, or into the Sea at the first hole, the ball, or, if it oannot be recovered, another ball, shall be teed a club length in front of either river or sea near the spot where it entered, under the penalty of one stroke. 4. IN STATION-MASTER'S GARDEN.—A ball in the enclosure (between the road and dyke holes) called the Station-Master's Garden shall be a lost ball. 5. AT A FIXED SEAT.—If a ball lie -within two yards of a fixed seat, it may be lifted and dropped two yards to the side of the seat farthest from the hole. 6. DISPUTES REFERRED TO GREEN COMMITTEE.— Any dispute respecting the play shall be determined by the Green Committee. 7. SPRING AND AUTUMN MEDALS. — Competitions for the Spring and Autumn Medals of the Club (with the exception of the George Glennie Medal) shall be decided by playing one round of the Links, and the competitor doing it in fewest strokes shall be the winner. 8. CONDITIONS AS TO STARTING.—The order of starting for the Spring and Autumn Medals will be balloted for on the previous evening, and intending Competitors must give in their names to the Secretary not later than five o'clock on the previous evening. Any Competitor not at the Teeing-Ground when his Local Rules for St Andrews Links 61 number is called shall be disqualified, unless it be jjroved to the satisfaction of the Green Committee or Secretary that he has a valid excuse, such as serious temporary illness, a train late, or such like, in which case he may be allowed to compete, and, if allowed, shall be placed at the bottom of the list. The absent Competitor's partner may start in his proper turn, provided he get another player to play with him. 9. BAD WEATHER.—Competitors for medals or prizes are not allowed to delay starting on account of bad weather, but must strike off immediately after the preceding party has crossed the burn, and, after they have started, are not allowed to take shelter, but must complete their round in the order of their start. In cases of stoppage by accident, or severe temporary illness, the Green Committee may allow a Competitor to resume play. 10. PRIVATE MATCHES AND MEDAL PLAY. — All private matches must be delayed till the last medal Competitors have holed out at the first hole.

'PUTT IT OUT, MINE ENEMY.1 62 Rules for the Game

ETIQUETTE OF GOLF. 1. No player, cadie, or on-looker should move or talk during a stroke. 2. No player should play from the tee until the party in front have played their second strokes and are out of range, nor play to the Putting-Green till the party in front have holed out and moved away. 3. The player who leads from the tee should be allowed to play before his opponent tees his ball. 4. Players who have holed out should not try their puts over again when other players are following them. 5. Players looking for a lost ball miist allow any other match coming up to pass them. 6. A party playing three or more balls must allow a two-ball match to pass them, 7. A party playing a shorter round must allow a two- ball match playing the whole round to pass them. 8. A player should not put at bhe hole when the flag- is in it. 9. The reckoning of the strokes is kept by the terms, "the odd," "two more," "three more," &c, and "one off three," " one off two," " the like." The reckoning of the holes is kept by the terms—so many "holes up " -—or " all even"—and—so many " to play." 10. Turf cut or displaced by a stroke in playing should be at once replaced.

GOLF BY MOONLIGHT. Golf Clubs in St Andrews 63

GOLF CLUBS IN ST ANDREWS HE following is a list of the principal Golf Clubs T in St Andrews at the present time :— ROYAL AND ANCIENT GOLF CLUB.—This Club, which may be looked on as the premier Golf Club of the world, was instituted on 14th May 1754. The Royal Blackheath Club (1608), the Edinburgh Burgess Golfing Society (1735), and the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers (prior to 1744), are the only- existing Clubs that can boast a longer life. To begin with, a silver club was the principal trophy competed for. A gold medal was afterwards added to the treasury. In 1837 a gold medal presented by King William IV, took the principal place among the -valuable prizes of -the competitions. Another gold medal—the gift of Queen Adelaide—•came into the possession of the Club in the following year. It is worn by the Captain in •virtue of his office. The custom is that he should drive off a stroke from the tee to win it, and the ball thus driven is scrambled for by boys, and becomes the- prize of the boy who is lucky enough to lay hold of it. Jn 1846 the Golfing Society of Bombay presented the- Club with a silver medal. In 1868 Colonel J. Murray Belshes of Buttergask gave a silver St Andrew Cross. The Royal Blackheath Club in 1881 presented the " George Glennie " gold medal to the Club in memory of a notable amateur. In 1883 the Calcutta Golf Club gave a silver cup, called the Calcutta Cup. In 1887, in commemoration of the 50th year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Captain D. S. Stewart presented the Jubilee Vase. The most notable early score recorded in connection with the Chib competi- tions is that of 94, with which James Durham, of Largo, won the silver club in 1767. In 1806, Walter Cook, W.S., won the gold medal of the Club (then the 64 Golf Clubs in St Andrews principal trophy) with 100. The first winner of the King William IV. Medal in 1837 (J. Stuart Oliphaut) had a round of 104. The record score at present for the Club competitions is 78, accomplished by Mr F. G. Tait in September 1894, and by Mr J. E. Laidlay in May 1895. The Club. holds two score com- petitions—on the first Wednesday of Maj', and the last Wednesday of September. The Silver Cross is the first trophy at the former, and the King William IV. Medal the first trophy at the latter meeting. The September competition is regarded as the principal meeting of the year. The Glennie Medal goes to the competitor with the lowest aggregate score for the two meetings. The Calcutta Cup and Jubilee Vase are competed for in tournaments. The Club has a membership of from 800 to 900. ST ANDREWS GOLF CLUB.—This Club dates its existence back to 29th September 1843, when it was founded under the name of the St Andrews Mechanics Golf Club. It assumed its present title in November 1851. A silver medal was obtained in 1846, and a silver cross in 1850. Numerous other trophies have since been acquired by gift and purchase, and many competitions take place in the course of the season. The Club has produced many players of the first rank, and for team matches has never acknowledged a superior. Its membership is about 100. The record score for club competitions is 75, made by L. Auchterlonie on 11th May 1895. ST ANDREWS UNIVERSITY GOLF CLUB.—This Club was instituted in 1854. It possesses two silver challenge cups and two silver medals. THISTLE GOLF CLUB.—The date of the institution of this Club is 13th June 1865. Its principal trophies are a silver cross and medal. There are also monthly medals. There are from 60 to 70 members. The record score for club competitions (80) is held by James Robb. Golf Gluts in St Andreivs

ST ANDREWS LADIES' GOLF CLUB.—This Club was in existence prior to 1868, and its members play on the Ladies' Putting Course, of which the Club holds a lease. The record score is that of Miss Mabel Smith, accomplished on 27th September 1888. ST ANDREWS FORESTERS' GOLF CLUB.—This Club is organised in connection with Court " Ancient City " of the A.O.F. Its chief trophy is the Court Surgeon's Medal. ST ANDREWS CHILDREN'S GOLF CLUB.—This Club has a private putting course situated near the Goods Station of the N. B. Railway.

•Mn. RIVAL AUTHORITIES. 66 Tom Morris

TOM MORRIS. O omit reference to Tom Morris would be to leave an unpardonable gap in any book dealing with TSt Andrews Links. No other golfer is so prominently associated with the past and present of golfing history, and probably no other golfer has been half so widely admired and venerated. So far as prowess in the game is concerned, Tom Morris was not only a redoubtable champion himself in the days of his prime, but two of his sons made names for themselves in the golfing corner of the Temple of Fame—especially the elder of the two— " Tommy Morris," who is fondly remembered as having possessed a gift for golf very near akin to genius. And yet the doughty deeds of himself and his sons have not been more effective in the spread of his fame than the singularly "winning geniality and urbanity of old Tom's disposition and manners — his natural tact, his unfailing courtesy, his unruffled serenity of temper. The " sweet reasonableness" of his nature betrays itself in his well-favoured brown face, surrounded by honourable silver hairs, and in the kindly twinkle of his eyes. He is part and parcel of what every golfer must behold in making tho indis- pensable pilgrimage to St Andrews. Tom Morris was born in St Andrews in 1821, and was a golfer from his tenth or eleventh year, when he began to " toddle about at the short holes with a putter under his arm," The golf-passion affected a limited area in these days. Tom, however, in his choice of an occupation, decided on golf ball making under Allan' Robertson (another historical golfer of marvellous skill and cunning in the game), and very soon began to show an aptitude for fine golf. Allan Robertson was then facile princeps among golfers, yet on more than one occasion Tom played against him on equal terms and won. Tom Morris 67

Allan and Tom were frequent partners in great golf matches. Mr H. S. C. Everard tells briefly in the Badminton Book the story of the first match of importance in which Tom was a player—a foursome for ,£400, over Musselbnrgh, St Andrews, and Forth Berwick Links. Allan Robertson and Tom were opposed to Willie Dunn and James Dunn of Mussel- burgh. The match system then in vogue was different from that now followed. The result did not depend on the aggregate number of holes won during the whole match. The play on each green stood by itself as a gain or a loss. Over their own green the Dunns were winners by 13 and 12 to play. Over St Andrews green Allan and Tom were winners by a narrow majority. The decisive battle was thus left to be tried on Links. There the St Andrews couple halved the first round, lost the second by four, and halved the third. At the fourth hole of the last round they were five down. They were still four down when only eight holes remained to be played. "Odds of twenty to one," says Mr Everard, "were freely laid on the Dunns, but here began a most extraordinary run of surprises, for Allan and Tom won the first hole, then the second, halved the third, won the fourth, halved the fifth, and won the sixth—all square and two to play. Amid breathless excitement Tom played a fine tee shot, which, however, was not well followed up by his partner. The brothers, however, by pulling their second shot off the course, lauded under a large boulder, and thus lost the hole, so Tom and his partner, retaining their advantage, pulled this remarkable match out of the fire." Tom was green-keeper at Prestwick from 1851 till about 1865, when he returned to St Andrews to take charge of his native Links. He was'champion in 1861, 1862, 1864, and 1867. At the present time (1898), although in his 76th year, he continues to play golf, and play it well. His hand has not lost its cunning, his eye its accuracy, nor his brain its faculty for nice judgment. C8 Golfing Rhyvies

THE GOLFING RHYMSTER. OLF, like other recreations, and perhaps more than most of them, has inspired the muse of thGe poets. Andrew Lang and many others have been allured by its charms to mount Pegasus — probably after winning a match from a tough opponent or joining in a genial foursome. The bracing air of St Andrews Links seems uncommonly well suited to make the enthusiast lisp in numbers. Any way, most of the verses which follow have the merit of being native to the soil:—

GOLFING. Life and vigour come to muaola From the " driver " swinging free ; There's elation in the " gutta " As it rushes from the " tee." To the step there comes a lightness And a brightness to the eye— He that never ceases golfing Is the man who'll never die ; For to breathe the breezy freshness That the swelling bosom fills Is a quite sufficient tonic For the worst of human ilia. Ye that learn the game of golfing Learn for life some lessons too— Learn to take its fronting " hazards" With a steady stroke and true ; Take its " bunkers " with composure ; Do not fret when overthrown ; When you count your comrade's errors, Learn as well to count yonr own ; Learn to trust your comrade's honour, And bo honest in your play ; Never stoop to put a " stymie " In a struggling brother s way.

Canadian Paper. Golfing Rhymes 69

THE GOLFER'S WAGGLE. " Every good golfer has a waggle." —" Goljing Gossip" in Fife Herald. Every golfer has a waggle— A waggle o1 his ain— A wiggle-waggle, long or short, Wi nourishes or plain. The long and quick, the short and quick, Long, short, and quiok and slow ; The variety is infinite That golfin' waggles show. The sprightly waggle of success, Dull waggle of defeat; The weary waggle-wasting time, The waggle of conceit. The waggle of the swanky pro. Of " far and sure " design, The feeble waggle of old age That preludes " off the line." The cadies' waggle—dry asides That golfers whiles maun suffer ; And worst o' waggles on the links, The waggle of the duffer. The waggle shows the waggler, Bo the waggle slow or quick ; There is mair into the waggle Than the waggle o' the stick. A WAGGLKR.

ADDRESS TO A GOLF BALL. Nino times in ten frae the tee are ye tappit, Twice in ae round in the Swilcan ye fa'; Gin there's bunkers ahead intae ane ye ha'o drappit- Something maun surely be wrong wi' ye, ba' ! Ither ba's land in the hole frae the putter, Your doited capers a saunt couldua1 thole ; Aff to the right or the left ye maun seutter, Or hing like a cuif at the edge o' the hole. Ither ba's straught thro' the eoorse can gae birlin'; Why is't that you aye sae canker't suld be? Try a' I can ye gae wilfully whirlin' Asklent tae the fyldest whun ye cau see. Ye're aff tae the railway or deep in the heather, Ye loup i1 the road an' creep close tae the wa'— Are ye faiii tae gar's gi'e up the gowf a'thegither, Or what in the mischief is wrang wi' ye, ba' ? 70 Golfing Rhymes

A SONG OF GOLF. (Sung by a Lady whose Husband has got the Golf Mania.) With a face all weary and worn, With eyelids heavy and red, A lady sat by the sea all day, And thus to herself she said :— Golf, golf, golf, from morning until night, Golf, golf, golf, as long as there's any daylight; Driver and putter and spoon, Iron and mashie and cleek— Even on Sundays when out for a walk Of no other thing can he speak.

It is not always thus— Only at times of the year ; As a general rule he is sane enough, But whenever he comes up here He plays golf, golf, golf, from morning until night; He dreams of golf, golf, while the atars are shining bright- Tees and bunkers and whins. Hillocks and ditches galore, Till out of the bed he springs with an oath, And commences to bellow—"Fore ! "

He says we should all play golf, 'Tis the surest way open to fame, Or should adopt the name of some player Or some club or a part of the game : So lie calls the housemaid a " eady " Because she fetches the " tee " ; My late mother he calls the " dead stymie ''— Whatever that happens to be; But what vexes me most of all Are the names of our children four :— He calls one " the like " and the other "the odds " And the twins he has named " two more." Oh ! men of women born, Oh ! ye who have children and wives, Think well over what I am saying, If you value the peace of your lives. Don't golf, golf, golf, from morning until night; Think of your wives and children And endeavour to do what is right. Endeavour to do unto others As you would like them to do unto you, And at times take your wife on an airing On a bicycle built for two.

B. PAXTON, Eavelstock, British Columbia. Golfing Rhymes

THE SUPREME DISCOMFITURE. The dear delights of golfing are a topic of the day, They are told by statesman, journalist, and bard, For the exercise is wholesome, there's excitement in the play, And while you golf, all worry you discard. In depreciation of the game I've not a word to say— Indeed, it gains my very high regard; But when your smallest brother's beat you, 0 and 5 to play- Why, you're bound to own it's nasty. Yes, it's hard I If you're hard up in a bunker when you play the " one off two," And your prospeots of a likely hole are marred, You may utter reckless language—people very often do When they're taken for a moment off their guard. When you've just a stroke to win your match, it fills you with dismay If you miss an easy putt of half-a-yard; But when your smaUest brother's beat you, G and 5 to play— It's a mortifying moment. Yes, it's HAED ! In a medal competition it's depressing when you find That 9's are looming largely on your card ; When a ball skims near your cranium it may agitate your mind, And your nerves may be disorganised and jarred. These are petty irritations, they will quickly pass away, And the zest of golfing brings you your reward; But when your smallest brother's beat you, fl and 5 to play— Then philosophy deaerts you. Yes, it's HARD !

THE IDEAL. A swing that in a perfect curve will fall, A swing that's swift and free ; And may there be no pressing of the ball When I play from the tee. But such a stroke as, swerving not, descends With well-directed force, Hits the teed ball with sudden clink, and sends It far along the course. Sure drives that shoot the gutty straight ahead ; Sharp mashie strokes for me— That, pitching high, may drop, and lay me dead Upon the green in three. Putts nicely guaged and played with subtle art, Struck steadily and clean, That victory may thrill within my heart When t have left the green. 72 Golfing Rhymes

ADDRESS TO A BRASSY, A LINKS LYEIC. Ye ill-faur'd rung o' thrawart timmer, Ye dorty, noohtie, mauohless Hmmer, Auld Hornie hale ye tae his glimmer, And birsle ye I Ower ilka bungled gowfin' stiolde Ye beac the gree ! Sae—let wha will be pestered wi' ye— Ye're dune wi' me ! Your shauohled shaft, your head misguidet— Put on agley, and fell lap-sided— My pawkiest swipes and yirks derided, And made me mourn. In kittle heath ye near-hand lost me; Out by the turn, Ye dang the ba'—a shot it cost me— Ploup i' the burn. I've pressed and pulled and foughten sairly Tae gar ye daud the guttie fairly ; But, fegs ! ye fashed me late and early ; Wi' cankered spite Ye birled the ba', wi' clours dementit, And garred it skite— Zig-zag across the course ye sent it— Tae drive mo gyte. I'm racldt sair frae head tae hunkers Wi' waesomo toil in whins and bunkers ; Your taps and selaffs and siekb'ke uncos ITae scunner't me— I'm switherin' whether juist tae clash yo Intae the sea, Or grip ye wi' baith hands and smash ye Across my knee. A. DOUGHElt. St Andrews, July 1897.

TWO MORE.

I played two more on the last green; I had been one hole up before. But we wore square. The turf was keen, I played two more. From out the bag my cadie bore I drew my dainty putter—queen Of all the sets selected store. What matters now what might have been ? I fear I swore— I passed the hole a club length clean, I missed two more. Golfing Rhymes 73

THE SHOT WT THE WRIST. There's a hantle guid shots that a chappie may play— There's the lang swingein' skelp f rae the tee, There's the bizz wi' the brassy, Frae ground rough and grassy, That bangs the ba' wimmmelin' free. There's the dirl o' the niblick, that acoopa out the ba' When owerhead in a bunker it lies; It's a stroke the aspirin' ^Maun shape at aoqwrin' Gif in gowf they be anxious to rise. there's the deftly-laid put bobbin' intae the hole, In the nick o' time savin' the game; We'll never despise it, We'llneverdespiseit,We'll practise and prize it, But it's no the queen-shot a' the same. Sic shots may be gifts whilk suld ne'er be decried; They may kindle the breist wi' a transport o' pride ; But they never come near the pernickitie twist 0' the jerky wee shot that ye play wi' the wrist. When the green's in your view and^ your mashie ye grip, There's a spell that ye canna' resist, In the sharp little clippie, Clean, clinkin', and chippy, _ The shot that ye play wi' the wrist. Qwer oleek shots and club shots it fair bears the gree, It's a stroke that suld never be missed, A It's the dainty bit lickio That aye does the triekie The shot that ye play wi' the wrist. Ither shots may be gifts that suld ne'er be decried, They may kindle the breist wi' a transport o' pride, But nane can come near the pernickitie twist 0' the jerky wee shot that ye play wi' the wrist. TO A BUNKER. Bunker that breedeth bitterness, Bunker that worketh weary woe— What words can my disgust express, What skill of man can fitly show The dismal depth of mv distress When into thee my ball doth go ? Ah ! only kindred souls can guess— Ah ! fellow-sufferers only know The wrathful thoughts that oti me press, The words profane that overflow, When, entering thee, in some recess I labour vainly blow on blow— Bunker that breedeth bitterness, Bunker that worketh weary woe ! 74 Golfing Rhymes

A DISAPPOINTMENT, A LINKS LYBIO. " 0, pairtner, try and row the gutty hame— And row the gutty hame, And row the gutty hame, Or we maun lioket be" ! 'Twas stymied at the crisis o' the game, And oannily gaed he. He reckoned up the length aoross the green— The line alang the green, Tho lie and row o' green, Wi' eager, glowerin' e'e ; His face was dour, his look was unco keen, And deftly putted he. "0, is the putt ower short tae reach the hole, Or ower and by the hole, Or landit in the hole, Gaun straught or gaun agee " ? Around the ither ba the ghdin' gutty stole— They waited anxiouslee. It stoppet still . . upon the edge o' hole— The very lip o' hole, And just outside the hole, About a hairsbreadth wee An angry man stood there endangerin' his soul Wi' waesoine blasphemee ! A. DOUOIIEB. St Andrews, 1897.

AN EARNEST APPEAL. Oh, lay me on the green in two And I'll be dead in three, A certain putt thus left for you, Why OURS the hole will be. You bunkered us before, you know— Of that I won't complain— But oh, I pray you not to go And do the same again. We'll stand one up and one to play, And you play from the tee, Drive sure and straight and do not lay It in the road for me ; But let us play a careful game, That when the end has come It may be ours the match to claim And march in triumph home. Golfing Rhymes 75

THE REASON OV IT. John Anderson, my friend John, When first I met with you Your round was 94, John, And mine was 82. Now 95 I take, John, While you take 93 ; They rank you, at the Club, John, A better man than me. When first we played at gowf, John, I gave an odd to you ; Why is it now I need, John, A start from yo\i of two 1 Why is it, even then, John, I very seldom win ?— Ah ! I am growing fat, John, And you are growing thin.

THE LAIRD OF DRTJMRYE. DESCRIBED BY HIS OADIB. The Laird o' Drumrye, he's pawky and keen ; He's aicear as maist when he's laid on the green ; But he's donner't at drivin'—he taps frae the tee, And he canna swipe aince withoot bizzin' agley. He's gouty and cankered and dour as the Deil; He maun ha'e his ain wye be't for was or for weal; His heels, taea, and sclaffs are a scunner tae see, And the wyte o' his bungles he lays upon me. He mak's shapes for five meenits afore lie lat's flee, Syne attour tae the left in a whun-buaa he'll be ; There he launders and lashes and bans at the ba' Till the whun 'a a' dung doon and his guttie awa'. Ye wad think that whaniver a bunker he saw He was sweer't toe pass by withoot gien't a ca'; But aince on the green it's a different game ; Man, it's bonny tae see the Laird birlin' them hame. 78 ADVERTISEMENTS. (SIXTH) ElDITTOfi Cbc Golfer's manual By ROBERT FORGAN, M.A. The Best Book ior Practical Directions, History, Peats, and Golf Tit-Bits, with many Illustrations, including Portraits of Leading Golfers. PRICE 1/6.

RRBSS OPINIONS. Messrs T. & G. Innes, St Andrews, have published a sixth edition of that valuable book, The Golfer's Manual) by Mr Robert Forgan. The work is now too well known to need either description or recommendation. The present edition is rich in illustrations.—Scotsman. The sixth edition of The Golfer's Manual (Simpkin, Marshall, Hamil- ton, Kent, & Co., London) has just been published. It is a modest little work, but its author, Mr Robert Forgan, M.A., in the course of 84 pages, has managed to give a brief history of the game, a description of the different clubs, some useful hints to beginners, together with a sketch of the evolution of the modern golf ball. In addition to a number of illustrations, there are excellent portraits of Old Tom, Mr John Rail, Mr H. H. Hilton, Mr P. C. Anderson, Mr A. J. T, Allan, Mr James Robb, Douglas Rolland, and the Misses On*, accompanied by brief sketches of their careers. — Herald, Mr Forgan's manual I conjure all golfers to buy. He was, if I mistake notj the first of the recent band of writers on his subject, and preceded Mr and others in their prelections on golf.—Pelican, Innes' Score Book of Golf With pages suitable for recording scores in either singles, two- somes, or foursomes ; while each page has some useful hint apt to be forgotten at the moment of playing. Also, Rules of the Game adopted by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, St Andrews, and Hints by Crack Golfers. Goes into the Vest Pocket—Price ONE PENNY. PRESS OPINIONS. When next you go golfing, my Magistrate, furnish yourself with a copy of the score hook published hy Messrs J. & G. Innes of Cupar. Just look at the quotations ahout the game, and from Shakespeare too ! The poet and dramatist wrote of hazards, strokes, and even bunkers, so look out for that book.—The Bailie. A booklet that should be in the possession of every player of the Scottish national game.—Aberdeen Free Press. CUPAR : J. & G. INNES, Fife Herald &> Journal Warehouse. ST ANDREWS : J, & G. INNES, St Andrews Citizen Office. EDINBURGH : JOHN MENZIES & Co. ADVEHTISEMENTS. 77

GuidG-fiooks ID Si Hndreius (THREE EDITIONS.)

Best ever Published in connection with the City.

(1.) The SHILLING- GUIDE, which is printed on fine paper, and has in addition illustrations and descrip- tive matter regarding the Surrounding Districts full of historical associations, and to which there are picturesque drives or runs; •(2.) The SIXPENNY GUIDE, which is full and com- plete, and profusely illustrated; and •(3.) The PENNY GUIDE-BOOK-specially adapted for large Excursion Parties or those having only a day to spend in the City-of which a marvellous number is yearly sold.

PRESS OPINION. " Local handbooks are often written by local enthusiasts, but St Andrews and its district have the advantage of having their Guide written by one who is a general historian, an archaeologist, and a scholar of everything pertaining to his subject as well. The Cathedral, the Colleges, -and churches, the harbour and the links, and everything else in St Andrews itself are dealt with. The 'neighbourhood' extends as far as Balmerino, and Mr Fleming takes his readers walks and drives through it all, and points out its beauties and its classic spots, and tells its tales and relates stories of local character all the while. It is an .admirable and most entertaining Guide."—From The Scottish Antiquary for October 1897.

" CITIZEN " WAREHOUSE, 107 South Street ; and BOOKSELLERS, and RAILWAY BOOKSTALL, St Andrews. 78 , ADVERTISEMENTS, Saint in Ye Olden Time,

BY THE LATE REV, J. W. TAYLOR, D.D.,

WITH NOTES BY Dr HAY FLEMING.

FINELY ILLUSTRATED—PRICE 1/-.

PRESS OPINIONS. For the aid and instruction of the tourist and visitor, a little volume, entitled (* Saint Andrews in Ye Olden Time," has been published by Messrs Innes, Cupar. It is from the Rev. Dr J. W. Taylor's well-known "Antiquities of Fife,1' and is supplemented by foot-notes by Mr Hay Fleming. The volume is illustrated.—Scotsman, A monograph on " Saint Andrews in Ye Olden Time," by the Rev. J* W. Taylor, a deceased clergyman of the u Auld licht" community, which Mr Barrie has made famous.—Pelican. Visitors to St Andrews cannot do better than supply themselves with a copy of this book, which is well illustrated, neatly bound, and costs only one shilling.—Dundee Courier*

THE MARTYRS AND CONFESSORS OF ST ANDREWS, 2)i* Ifoap Fleming. Price 1/6.

"CITIZEN" WAREHOUSE, South Street, St Andrews. ADVERTISEMENTS, 79 Other Guide-BooksforIfo East of Fife Guide-Book to GRAIL & NEIGHBOURHOOD, By Rev. JOHN JACKSON, With Hap of , and many High-Class Illustrations; also, Map Of Fife and Kinross for Convenience of Cyclists. PRICE II- FAESS OPINIONS, " Fulfils admirably the purpose of making the visitor acquainted with the ancient annals and modern attractions of the ' weel-aired toon.'"— Scotsman. "Neat, handy, and tastefully illustrated."—East of Fife Record. "The Rev. John Jackson has produced a most attractive book, chatty and literary in style, describing everything that is worth seeing, and giving an exceedingly interesting summary of the history of the district. The book is beautifully illustrated by wood-cuts and engravings from photographs."—Glasgow Evening Times. Guide-Book to ELBE & EARLSFERRY, By J. MORE DALL, Elie, & Dr HAY FLEMING, St Andrews, With Plan of Golf Course, Map of Elie and Earlsferry, and many High-Class Process Engravings; also, Map of Fife and Kinross for Convenience of Cyclists. PRICE 1/- PRESS OPINION. " A capital work of its kind, The description by Mr J. More Dall of the modern characteristics and attractions of the twin villages is of a thoroughly practical character; and the account by Mr D. Hay Fleming, F.S.A., of the antiquities of the district is exceedingly interesting, while the appendix by the Publishers is scarcely less so Altogether, the work is verj' much superior to the ordinary 'Guides' published to places of a similar size and character."-—Scots Pictorial* Also, Cheap Edition for Excursionists, 3d. Guide-Book to LEVEN & LARGO, With Plan of Golf Course,, anandd manmany HHigh-Class Illustrations\ also, Map of Fife and Kinross for Convenience of Cyclists, PRICE !;• PRESS OPINION. " The new ' Guide-Book for Leven arid Largo,' published by Messrs J. & G. Innes, Cupnr, is now on sale. It contains an interesting chapter on the golfing and other attractions of Leven by 'A Townsman,' and besides a map of Fife for the benefit of Cyclists, it has a plan of the Golf Course. The process engravings of local views are themselves worth the price of the book, which is adorned with an artistic cover."-t East of Fife Record. Also, 6d Edition. I g, rz IIWIWCC Fife Herald & Journal Warehouse, Cupar; J. O. U. innco, alK\ citizen Warehouse, St Andrews. SO ' ADVERTISEMENTS.

FIFE HERALD & JOURNAL (Being the Fife Herald, established 1822, and the Fifeshire fowiial, established 1833), together with the Fife News and St Andrews Citizen Forms the Largest and Best Equipped, likewise the Oldest, Newspaper Property in the County of Fife.

The CITIZEN during the Season contains the Full List of Visitors and all the Golfing flews,

The Printing, Lithographing, Die»Stamping, and Bookbinding Plant Is also the Largest in any Office in Fife, including, as it does, Three Rotary Jobbing1 Machines, Two Arab Jobbing Machines, Large New Lithograph Machine, and several Hand-Presses. With a splendid Assortment of Plain, Fancy, and Bill Type, all kinds of Work can be turned out with Neat- ness and Expedition, including—Books, Pamphlets, Circulars, Bills, Marriage Invitations, Funeral Letters and Memorial Cards (Selection of Memorial Verses by the best Poets free on application), Labels in various colours, Letter Headings, Calling Cards, &c, &c. Stationery Warehouse—8 Bonnyg-ate; Printing- Works—Burnside, CUPAR. fit the " CITIZEN " SOUTH STREET, ST ANDREWS, All kinds of Fancy Printing are done on the Premises.