Cachao: Descarga En El Infinito

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Cachao: Descarga En El Infinito Mundoclasico.com martes, 25 de marzo de 2008 OBITUARIO Cachao: descarga en el infinito ANTONIO GÓMEZ SOTOLONGO Israel López, Cachao, nació el 14 de septiembre de 1918 en La Habana, Cuba, en la misma casa donde 65 años atrás había visto la luz el apóstol cubano José Martí. Vino al mundo en el seno de una familia de músicos, en la que casi todos sus integrantes se apasionan por el contrabajo. Desde sus primeros años de vida tocó ese violín gigante y siendo muy joven integró la Orquesta Filarmónica de La Habana, una institución de muy alto prestigio que se fundó en 1924, y que estuvo bajo la dirección de distinguidos maestros; entre ellos, su fundador, el español Pedro San Juan, y el extraordinario violinista, director y compositor cubano Amadeo Roldán. Allí, Cachao ocupó un puesto junto a algunos de los más prestigiosos músicos académicos de su época -entre los que también estuvo su hermano Orestes- lo cual prueba la sólida formación que alcanzó a tan corta edad. Integró simultáneamente innumerables agrupaciones entre las que se destacan la orquesta Maravilla del Siglo, de Orlando Collazo, y posteriormente la Maravilla de Arcaño -que terminó por conocerse con el nombre de Arcaño y sus Maravillas-, donde creó, junto a su hermano Orestes, decenas de danzones con nuevas estructuras y contenidos tomados del son, a los que llamaron “de nuevo ritmo”; entre ellos, el titulado Mambo (V 23-4345), compuesto en 1938 y grabado para la Victor en 1951, en los que podemos encontrar la génesis de dos importantes géneros de la música popular bailable cubana: el mambo y el cha-cha-chá. En 1940 la Orquesta Maravilla de Arcaño grabó para la Victor (V 83132) la pieza Canta contrabajo, canta, un danzón compuesto -según registra la placa-, por Orestes López (1908). En la pieza se sustituye el solo de violín, que tradicionalmente se tocaba en el segundo danzón, por un solo de contrabajo que entonces interpretó Cachao. La pieza está basada en la obra Chanson Triste Op. 2 para contrabajo y piano, de Serge Koussevitzky (1874-1951) contrabajista, compositor y legendario director de la Orquesta Sinfónica de Boston entre 1924 y 1949. En esta grabación príncipe, el danzón conserva todas sus partes aunque el tempo es mucho más acelerado, como lo mandaba entonces el danzón de “nuevo ritmo”, pero cuando en 1959 Cachao volvió a grabar la pieza con su propia agrupación, suprimió el primer danzón y el tempo se contuvo un poco -eran los años en que el cha-cha-chá y el mambo habían ‘cuajado’ como géneros-. Ambas grabaciones, muestran la maestría de Cachao como contrabajista y su capacidad como renovador de la música cubana. Pero además, podemos deducir que ambos hermanos, Orestes e Israel, componían en comandita ya que en este nuevo fonograma, que salió en el Lp Cachao y su típica vol. 2 (Lp Duher 1611) la placa registra a Cachao como autor de la pieza. Canta contrabajo, canta, según la documentación que aparece hasta hoy, constituye el primer solo para contrabajo que se registra en la discografía cubana, algo realmente importante si tenemos en cuenta las pocas posibilidades que ofrecían las técnicas de grabación para amplificar y registrar con fidelidad y presencia el sonido de este instrumento; pero además, nos da una clara idea de lo bien que conocían los contrabajistas cubanos el repertorio clásico para ese instrumento. Canta contrabajo, canta, por sus dificultades técnicas no aparece con frecuencia en las producciones discográficas. Quizás, el último registro de esta pieza data de 1982, cuando el hijo de Orestes, Orlando López, Cachaito (1934), la grabó con el grupo Los Amigos, que dirigía el desaparecido Frank Emilio Flynn. Cachao integró muchas de las agrupaciones que amenizaban las películas silentes en los teatros, que tocaban en los centros nocturnos o en las decenas de salas de bailes que había entonces por toda Cuba, y también se vinculó desde muy joven con agrupaciones de jazz; entre ellas, el Quinteto de Música Moderna que dirigió el pianista Frank Emilio, y en el que participaron algunos de los más virtuosos músicos cubanos. Por la vía del jazz, Cachao fue también un importante eslabón y sus descargas, nacidas en las reuniones de amigos, se convirtieron en sesiones de improvisación que pasaron a formar parte del quehacer de los músicos en Cuba y luego en el mundo del llamado jazz latino. En 1957 salieron al mercado sus primeras descargas en discos de 78´´ que luego fueron recopiladas en el Lp Cuban jam sessions in miniature: Descargas, Cachao y su ritmo caliente, y en 1958 se comercializó el Lp Jam session with feeling - Descargas cubanas - Cachao y su orquesta. Entre 1958 y 1959 grabó para el sello Duher los Lps Camina Juan Pescao – Cachao y su Típica, y Cachao y su Típica vol. 2, en los que aparecen 24 danzones antológicos. En 1961 viajó a España con un contrato de trabajo por dos años, luego emigró a los Estados Unidos, donde se radicó y continuó su labor como músico. En Nueva York, Cachao participó en numerosas grabaciones con los más importantes músicos del género bailable; entre ellos, Charlie Palmieri, Tito Puente y Machito. En Las Vegas tocó en el Caesar’s Palace, Sahara, Egipto y otros. Al principio de la década del 70, cuando la música cubana tuvo el gran boom en el mercado con el nombre de salsa, allí estuvo Cachao con algunas de las agrupaciones más importantes del movimiento. En 1976 participó junto a Charlie Palmieri en el Lp Descarga Vol.1 del sello Salsoul. En Miami, donde se radicó desde 1978, grabó el Lp Maestro de maestros: Israel López ‘Cachao’ y su descarga 86, que salió al mercado en 1986 y en el que participó el flautista José Antonio Fajardo, con quien había trabajado infinidad de veces en Cuba. En 1993, mientras vivía diluido en descargas aquí y allá, en la cotidianidad de la existencia simple y anónima, el actor Andy García lo redescubrió, y Cachao, en las postrimerías de una brillante carrera, reapareció en primer plano. El documental Cachao... como su ritmo no hay dos producido por García, y el fonograma Cachao Master Sessions, volumen I, que fue merecedor de un premio Grammy en 1994, permitieron que Cachao volviera a la carga -y sobre todo a la descarga-, y que fuera solicitado en los escenarios con tanta asiduidad como en sus años juveniles. Para Cachao, se abrieron otra vez las puertas de la fama y una nueva época de esplendor se inició en su carrera artística, el veterano contrabajista inició un nuevo coro en su descarga, y en 1995 la saga continuó con el fonograma Cachao Master Sessions volumen II, y en 2000 se dio a conocer Cachao Cuba Linda. En 2004, cuando parecía que eso iba a ser todo en la vida del longevo músico cubano, apareció el disco Ahora sí, una producción que le valió a Cachao otro Premio Grammy, y un nuevo tema para continuar sus descargas por todo el mundo -excepto Cuba-. La incidencia de Israel López, Cachao, en la historia de la música popular cubana durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX y los primeros años del siglo XXI es imperecedera, su obra creativa, experimental y renovadora se apuntala en la cultura americana, y la enriquece. El día 22 de marzo de 2008, en la ciudad de Miami, su ser material dejó de existir, se fue, dio un paso al infinito y desde entonces y desde allí, Cachao inició una nueva ronda en su descarga, un nuevo ciclo de improvisaciones que no terminará nunca, que permanecerá eternamente en la urdimbre de la música cubana y universal. © 2008 Antonio Gómez Sotolongo / Mundoclasico.com. Todos los derechos reservados.
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