DOCSLIB.ORG

BBN Digest Published for BBN Employees

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

BBN digest Published for BBN Employees Cambridge, Massachiisells October 1994 BBN Celebrates the Current this month 25th Anniversary of the ARPANET to BBN Celebrates the 25th Anniversary of the On ihe weekend of September 10, BBN hosted a celebration ARPANET. BBN hosted a celebration to honor recognize the achievements and honor the group of people those who developed the ARPANET 1 who envisioned and eleveloped the ARPANET, the computer network that was the predecessor to the Internet. The celebra An Interview with Frank Heart 4 tion, called “The History of the Future: ARPANET, Internet ... Nearnet Becomes Subsidiary of New BBN ISC. and Beyond,’’ comprised several events. With Nearnet^^' and Barrnet^^', BBN has further Among the activities were a press reception on Friday afternoon in secured its position as a leading provider of Internet the Copley Plaza Bar for members of the press, attended by a rep services on both coasts 7 resentative group of the “pioneers,” who worked on the original Affirmative Action at BBN. The company is ARPANET project and on the development of computer networles; working actively on developing its affirmative a gathering at 6 p.m. in the Venetian Room of the Co])ley Plaza for action programs a larger group of the ]:)eople who developed computer networking; a BBN Open House at 150 CambridgePark Drive on Saturday, Voice Commands for Traffic information. BBN Sept. 10, with technology demonstrations, to which press and pio has teamed with SmartRoute Systems to provide a neers were invited; and a gala reception and dinner in the Grand service that allows users to give voice commands Ballroom of the Copley Plaza on Saturday evening, attended by for traffic information 9 more than 350 people, including members of the press, pioneers, BBN Staff News. Employee Anniversaries, Ungar and others associated with computer networking around the world. Receives Award, Papers and Publications, New Friday Press Reception Principal and Division Scientists and Engineers, SDP Publications and Patent Awards 10 At the Friday reception, BBN President and CEO George Conrades briefly described the ARPANET project and the puipose of the silver BBN Reports 13 anniversar)' celebration. Steve Le\y, chainnan of BBN’s board of BBN Business News. BBN Names Fjeldstad to directors, then introduced about 15 of the ARPANET founders to Board. STD Introduces an Internet Server for School the press. Networks. TotalView'^^’ Multiprocess Debugger Among those introduced from BBN were Frank Heart, recently re Available for Alpha AXP Workstation. BBN Internet tired from the presidency of BBN Systems and Technologies Divi Services Corporation subsidiary formed. Expansion sion, who was the principal investigator on the .ARPANET project; of Nearnet to New York. Barrnet Acquisition Ben Barker, then a hardware engineer at BBN responsible for Merges Internet Services on Two Coasts. New designing the hardware interfaces on the original IMP (Interface Training Group/Services. John Kish Named Head Message Processor), and for installing the first IMP at UCLA, and of SPC. RS/1® Release Enhances External Interface. now a senior vice president and chief technolog)^ officer at BBN; MicroNova electronic GmbH to Distribute and Dave Walden, then a member of the ARPANET team and one BBN/Probe Software. LightStream CEO Appointed of the three computer programmers on the project to develop the a VP of BBN. LightStream, BBN, and NEC to IMP, and now a senior vice president at BBN.(Names of current 14 Expand ATM Relationship and recent BBNers appear in bold in this article.) Julie Donahue Named CEO of New Several of the pioneers and a few members of the press gave brief BBN HARK Systems Corporation... 16 spontaneous talks at the Friday press reception, describing their impressions of the early days of netw'orking and the importance of networking today. Other pioneers introduced included Bob Kahn, (continued on page 2) Conneclware, Inc. Bob Taylor, llien Di rector of ARPA’s computer research pro gram and initiator of ARPANET research, is now director of Digital Ec[uipment Corporation’s Systems Research Center at Palo Alto, CA. Barry Wessler, part of the ARPA development team, was cofounder of Telenet Communications Coiy?. and NetExpress, and is now CEO of Plexys international in Herndon, VA. Among others currently at BBN who were early contributors to networking technology are Jerry Burchficl, Will Crowlher, Ken Pogran, Alex McKenzie, Tony Michel, Bob Thomas, and Ray Tomlinson. Tomlinson developed the first electronic mail that could work across many computers in a network, and is now a Principal Scientist at BBN. A number of other BBNers who were in Tlic “IMP guys” ill 1969. Top row: Ben Barker. Second row (I to r): Truett Tkach, Bill Barlell, Dave volved with the ARPANET in its earliest Wrtfdcii, Jim Geismnn, Bob Kahn, Frank Hcarl, Marly Tliropc, Will Crawtlici; mid Severo Ornstciii. years attended the 25th Anniversar}' events, as did many people working at Severo Ornstein, Truett Thach, and Marlin Steve Crocker, responsible for the hard ARPA at the time, or located at one of the Thrope, all of whom were in the original ware and software connections of the original ARPANET sites, or who were at “IMP guys” photo, taken in 1969. first ARPANET computers, is now vice BBN at the time but then went elsewhere. president of Trusted Information Sys (See photo of original ARPANET team in Kahn, a co-author of the TCP/IP protocol, tems. Doug Engelbart, an innovator in 1969 for some of the original ‘dMP guys”; was the founder and is now president of human/machine interaction who is cred see photo taken on Sept. 9, 1994 for a the Corporation for National Research ited with inventing the mouse, is now “recreation” of the original team photo.) Initiatives. Ornstein, who was respon director of the Bootstrap Institute in sible for the ARPANET network hard Fremont, CA. Dr. Engelbart spoke on the Some of the press who accepted invitations ware component, was the founder and is Thursday before the weekend events in to the 25th anniversar)' celebration were now chairman of Computer Professionals BBN’s Guest Lecturer series. from the Boston Globe, Computer World, for Social Responsibility. Truett Thach, Global Nehvork, Injowoiid, PC Week, Net who helped test and install the first IMPs, Len Kleinrock, who developed the basic work Computers, Newsbyles News, The New is now director of Quality and Manufac principles of network communications York Times, and Reuters, among others. turing Engineering at ACC Systems in and was Principal Investigator for the Santa Barbara, CA. ARPA project at UCLA, the site of the Technology Day first ARPANET node, is now chairman of BBN held a Technolog)' Open House in Roland Biyan, Vint Cerf, Steve Crocker, UCLA’s Computer Science Department connection with the celebration of 25 Doug Engelbart, Len Kleinrock,John and chairman and CEO of Technology years of innovation in network communi Postel, btriy Roberts, Bob Taylor, and Barry Transfer Institute. John Posiel, a member cations, on Saturday, September 10 from Wessler were also introduced. Bryan, then of the ARPANET programming team at 10 a.in to 2 p.m. at 150 CambridgePark a principal investigator at the University of UCLA, is now associate director for net Santa Barbara, CA, one of the original four Drive. They showed six presentations, working at the University ol Southern nodes of the ARPANET, is now president and provided bus ser\'ice from the Copley California. Larry Roberts, then Director and CEO of ACC Systems. Vint Cerf, a Plaza to the demo site. Brief descriptions of the Information Processing Techniques of the demos follow: co-author of the TCP/IP protocol, is now Office for ARPA and known as the man senior vice president of data architecture who made the ARPANET happen, is now • Cornerstone Data Analysis Software at MCI Communications Corp. and presi president of ATM Systems, a division of (BBN Software Products Corp.): dent of the Internet Society. Page 2 Cornerstone integrates the key func included demos of both current and • BBN’s Network Operations Center tions required to perform exploratory future technology capabilities, focus (NOC)(BBN Internet Services Corp.): data analysis in an easy-to-use “point ing on projects for the financial and This demo showed how BBN’s Network and click” desktop application. travel industries. The demo concluded Operations Center proactively moni Cornerstone was designed for a client/ with a glimpse at the world’s first tors, troubleshoots, and solves prob server computing environment, where large-vocabulary speaker independent, lems on the Internet, one of the most a user working at a desktop computer continuous speech dictation system. complex networking environments in or workstation can analyze data pulled existence today. The NOC provides • Personal Internet Newspaper—Finding from a database on another computer. services for business, educational, and and Organizing Information on the Inter The demo showed the use of Corner research organizations that depend on net (Distributed Systems Dept., BBN stone to analyze network performance. the Internet for their work. Systems and Technologies Division): • LightStream 2020—Perfect Vision for The BBN Personal Internet Newspaper Saturday Dinner ATM Migration (LightStream Corp.): is designed to help people manage the The presentation discussed how to mi flow of information available on the At the dinner on Saturday, September 10, more than 350 people crowded into the grate to Asynchronous Transfer Mode Internet from email, bulletin boards, bar next to the Copley Plaza grand ball (ATM) networks and provided an and on-line databases. It helps users room for drinks and hors d’oeuvres and overview of the LightStream'*’'^ 2020 select what interests them from the sea a chance to see old friends. Many of the Enterprise Switch, an optionally fault- of possibilities and organize the mate pioneers had not seen each other for tolerant modular device.
Recommended publications
  • 9/8/19 Date: 9/10/19 Article Title: Brief History of the Internet Autho

    9/8/19 Date: 9/10/19 Article Title: Brief History of the Internet Autho

    ● Name: John Church ● Abstract Due Date: 9/8/19 ● Date: 9/10/19 ● Article Title: Brief History of the Internet ● Author: Barry M. Leiner, Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Larry G. Roberts, Stephen Wolf. ● Journal: Internet Society “Brief History of the Internet” provides the reader with a cursory overview of the organizations, motivations, and pivotal moments behind the creation of the internet and its existence up to the date of publication, in 1997. The paper begins by recounting the parties and organization that began the creation of the first networks, and their motivations. The article notes the formation of key organizations and the parties involved in the creation of key technologies over the years following the Internet's inception. The article does not delve into the details of new improvements or the stories behind certain pivotal moments, but instead focuses on giving a brief overview of the parties, technologies, and events largely by name alone. One interesting aspect of the internet's inception that I did not realize until reading the article, was the largely decentralized nature from the beginning. For example, the article mentions that routers were designed to be “black box gateways” that did not hold on to any information. This was likely in line with DARPA’s goals (preventing sensitive military information fro sitting in places it shouldn’t.) as well as technical limitations of the time (the cost of memory in routers.) I wonder, though, that if the US government knew what the internet would become, if they would have insisted on more centralized control measures and less decentralization.
  • Core Magazine February 2002

    Core Magazine February 2002

    FEBRUARY 2002 CORE 3.1 A PUBLICATION OF THE COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM WWW.COMPUTERHISTORY.ORG PAGE 1 February 2002 OUR ACTIONS TODAY COREA publication of the Computer History3.1 Museum IN THIS MISSION ISSUE TO PRESERVE AND PRESENT FOR POSTERITY THE ARTIFACTS AND STORIES OF THE INFORMATION AGE INSIDE FRONT COVER VISION OUR ACTIONS TODAY The achievements of tomorrow must be was an outstanding success, and I simply doesn’t exist anywhere else in TO EXPLORE THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION AND ITS John C Toole rooted in the actions we take today. hope you caught the impact of these the world. With your sustained help, our IMPACT ON THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE Many exciting and important events announcements that have heightened actions have been able to speak much 2 THE SRI VAN AND COMPUTER have happened since our last CORE awareness of our enterprise in the louder than words, and it is my goal to INTERNETWORKING publication, and they have been community. I’m very grateful to Harry see that we are able to follow through Don Nielson carefully chosen to strategically shape McDonald (director of NASA Ames), Len on our dreams! EXECUTIVE STAFF where we will be in five years. Shustek (chairman of our Board of 7 John C Toole David Miller Trustees), Donna Dubinsky (Museum This issue of CORE is loaded with THE SRI VAN AND EARLY PACKET SPEECH EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & CEO VICE PRESIDENT OF DEVELOPMENT 2 Don Nielson First, let me officially introduce our Trustee and CEO of Handspring), and technical content and information about Karen Mathews Mike Williams new name and logo to everyone who Bill Campbell (chairman of Intuit) who our organization—from a wonderful EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT HEAD CURATOR 8 has not seen them before.
  • Features of the Internet History the Norwegian Contribution to the Development PAAL SPILLING and YNGVAR LUNDH

    Features of the Internet History the Norwegian Contribution to the Development PAAL SPILLING and YNGVAR LUNDH

    Features of the Internet history The Norwegian contribution to the development PAAL SPILLING AND YNGVAR LUNDH This article provides a short historical and personal view on the development of packet-switching, computer communications and Internet technology, from its inception around 1969 until the full- fledged Internet became operational in 1983. In the early 1990s, the internet backbone at that time, the National Science Foundation network – NSFNET, was opened up for commercial purposes. At that time there were already several operators providing commercial services outside the internet. This presentation is based on the authors’ participation during parts of the development and on literature Paal Spilling is studies. This provides a setting in which the Norwegian participation and contribution may be better professor at the understood. Department of informatics, Univ. of Oslo and University 1 Introduction Defense (DOD). It is uncertain when DoD really Graduate Center The concept of computer networking started in the standardized on the entire protocol suite built around at Kjeller early 1960s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- TCP/IP, since for several years they also followed the ogy (MIT) with the vision of an “On-line community ISO standards track. of people”. Computers should facilitate communica- tions between people and be a support for human The development of the Internet, as we know it today, decision processes. In 1961 an MIT PhD thesis by went through three phases. The first one was the Leonard Kleinrock introduced some of the earliest research and development phase, sponsored and theoretical results on queuing networks. Around the supervised by ARPA. Research groups that actively same time a series of Rand Corporation papers, contributed to the development process and many mainly authored by Paul Baran, sketched a hypotheti- who explored its potential for resource sharing were cal system for communication while under attack that permitted to connect to and use the network.
  • The Quilt Circle 2015

    The Quilt Circle 2015

    The quilt Circle National Regional Networks Consortium ...Advanced regional networking in support of research and education 2015 Edition A Letter from the President This year’s edition of The Quilt Circle is bursting with projects and programs enabled by the regional research and education networks that comprise our Quilt membership. Naturally, The Quilt is proud of the positive impact our member networks and organizations have on the communities they serve. Our annual publication gives us the opportunity to showcase the work of our members and highlight the collective impact each have on the institutions they serve and support across the nation. Given the depth and breadth of our members’ work, it can be challenging to select a single image that effectively captures and communicates its impact. This year’s cover, the image of DNA strands, is truly a fitting one to represent the work of our regional research and education network community. For those of you already familiar with the work of the regional research and education (R&E) network in your area and for those who are just learning about them for the first time in The Quilt Circle, you will quickly learn that our R&E networking DNA is indeed unique. It is in our R&E networking DNA to ensure our community of connected institutions are able to access advanced networking capabilities, tools and services when and how they need it, with the best possible performance so that the network is not an impediment to scientific progress. It is in our DNA for our networking organizations to be driven by the interests of our user communities to enable these institutions to fulfill their promise and mission.
  • Abbate Ch1-2

    Abbate Ch1-2

    6 Introductum Wide Web are prominent examples of informally created applications that became popular, not as the result of some central agency's mar­ Heat and ,-,UIH..4< keting plan, but through the spontaneous decisions of thousands of a.ndMeanings of Hacket(Switching independent users. In reconstructing the history of the Internet, I have been struck time and again by. the unexpected twists and turns its development has taken. Often a well-laid plan was abandoned after a short time and replaced by a new approach from an unexpected quarter..Rapid advances, such as the introduction of personal computers and the invention of local-area networks, continually threatened to make existing network technologies obsolete. In addition, responsibility for operating the Internet changed hands several times over the course Of all the ARPANET's technical innovations, perhaps the most cele­ of its first thirty years or so. How, in the face of all this change and brated was packet switching. Packet switching was an experimental, uncertainty, did the system survive and even flourish? I believe that even controversial method for transmitting data across a network. Its the key to the Internet's success was a commitment to flexibility and proponents claimed that it would increase the efficiency, reliability, and diversity, both in technical design and in organizational culture. No speed of data communications, butit was also quite complex to imple­ one could predict the specific changes that would revolutionize the ment, and some communications experts argued that the technique computing and communications industries at the end of the twentieth would never work.
  • Local Infrastructures for School Networking: Current Models and Prospects

    Local Infrastructures for School Networking: Current Models and Prospects

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 349 957 IR 015 693 AUTHOR Newman, Denis; And Others _TITLE Local Infrastructures for School Networking: Current Models and Prospects. Technical Report No. 22. INSTITUTION Center for Technology in Education, New York, NY. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC.; National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE May 92 CONTRACT 1-135562167-Al; MDR-9154006 NOTE 30p. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO" Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Communications; Comparative Analysis; *Computer Networks; Educational Change; Educational Technology; Elementary Secondary Education; *Futures (of Society); Information Networks; *Local Area Networks; Microcomputers; *Models; *Telecommunications IDENTIFIERS *Wide Area Networks ABSTRACT This paper identifies a paradigm shift that must take place in school networking. The ultimate goal is to retool the schools with a local technical infrastructure that gives teachersand students immediate access to communication systems andinformation resources, thereby supporting the implementation of advancesin pedagogy and educational technology. The current notionof telecomputing cannot address the information requirements locally within the school and, ultimately, will fragment and inhibit any move toward universal access to information resources. A technologyis needed that combines local and wide area networking(LAN and WAN), making access to remote resources part of the everyday work with school computers. This report contains the following sections: (1) The Problem: Combining Local and Wide Area Communication--facts about the current state of school networks and the dissociation of school LANs and WANs;(2) A Brief History of Network Technology;(3) A Convergence of School LAN's and WAN's--integrating and simplifying a school internetwork;(4) Current Models of School LAN-WAN Connectivity--a comparison of six models; and (5) Prospects for the Future.
  • Implications for the Future of Broadband Networks

    Implications for the Future of Broadband Networks

    The Building of the Internet: Implications for the Future of Broadband Networks by Jeffrey A. Hart Department of Political Science Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405 Internet: [email protected] Robert R. Reed Department of Political Science Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405 Internet: [email protected] and Francois Bar Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 Internet: [email protected] August 28, 1992 This paper appeared in _Telecommunications Policy_, November 1992 (Vol. 16, No. 8), and has been nominated for the Donald McGannon Communication Research Center's 1993 Communications Policy Research Award. ABSTRACT The rapid growth of traffic on the Internet, a loosely organized system of interconnected computer networks, suggests a bright fu- ture for switched broadband telecommunications. It also suggests that the path to that future is more likely to involve a broaden- ing of access to broadband networks to users in offices, fac- tories, schools, and homes rather than the transmission of enter- tainment video (high definition or otherwise) via the telephone and cable networks. This article develops the argument by exam- ining the history of the growth of the Internet from its origins in the ARPANET. It describes and explains the transition from ARPANET to the NSFNET in the United States, and discusses the politics behind the National Research and Education Network (NREN) and the gigabit testbeds which will bring broadband capa- bilities to the NSFNET and parts of the Internet. Finally, it examines the forces which are creating pressure for expanding ac- cess to the Internet to schools and libraries, thereby greatly increasing the number of users of the network.
  • The Great Telecom Meltdown

    The Great Telecom Meltdown

    4 The Internet Boom and the Limits to Growth Nothing says “meltdown” quite like “Internet.” For although the boom and crash cycle had many things feeding it, the Internet was at its heart. The Internet created demand for telecommunications; along the way, it helped create an expectation of demand that did not materialize. The Internet’s commercializa- tion and rapid growth led to a supply of “dotcom” vendors; that led to an expec- tation of customers that did not materialize. But the Internet itself was not at fault. The Internet, after all, was not one thing at all; as its name implies, it was a concatenation [1] of networks, under separate ownership, connected by an understanding that each was more valuable because it was able to connect to the others. That value was not reduced by the mere fact that many people overesti- mated it. The ARPAnet Was a Seminal Research Network The origins of the Internet are usually traced to the ARPAnet, an experimental network created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense, in conjunction with academic and commercial contrac- tors. The ARPAnet began as a small research project in the 1960s. It was pio- neering packet-switching technology, the sending of blocks of data between computers. The telephone network was well established and improving rapidly, though by today’s standards it was rather primitive—digital transmission and switching were yet to come. But the telephone network was not well suited to the bursty nature of data. 57 58 The Great Telecom Meltdown A number of individuals and companies played a crucial role in the ARPAnet’s early days [2].
  • Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX

    Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX

    Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX (Informatik, Telekommunikation) W. Alex 1. Juli 2021 Karlsruhe Copyright W. Alex, Karlsruhe, 1994 – 2018. Die Liste darf unentgeltlich benutzt und weitergegeben werden. The list may be used or copied free of any charge. Original Point of Distribution: http://www.abklex.de/abklex/ An authorized Czechian version is published on: http://www.sochorek.cz/archiv/slovniky/abklex.htm Author’s Email address: [email protected] 2 Kapitel 1 Abkürzungen Gehen wir von 30 Zeichen aus, aus denen Abkürzungen gebildet werden, und nehmen wir eine größte Länge von 5 Zeichen an, so lassen sich 25.137.930 verschiedene Abkür- zungen bilden (Kombinationen mit Wiederholung und Berücksichtigung der Reihenfol- ge). Es folgt eine Auswahl von rund 16000 Abkürzungen aus den Bereichen Informatik und Telekommunikation. Die Abkürzungen werden hier durchgehend groß geschrieben, Akzente, Bindestriche und dergleichen wurden weggelassen. Einige Abkürzungen sind geschützte Namen; diese sind nicht gekennzeichnet. Die Liste beschreibt nur den Ge- brauch, sie legt nicht eine Definition fest. 100GE 100 GBit/s Ethernet 16CIF 16 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format) 16QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 1GFC 1 Gigabaud Fiber Channel (2, 4, 8, 10, 20GFC) 1GL 1st Generation Language (Maschinencode) 1TBS One True Brace Style (C) 1TR6 (ISDN-Protokoll D-Kanal, national) 247 24/7: 24 hours per day, 7 days per week 2D 2-dimensional 2FA Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung 2GL 2nd Generation Language (Assembler) 2L8 Too Late (Slang) 2MS Strukturierte
  • ARPANET by Peter Grier

    ARPANET by Peter Grier

    ARP ANET ▲ Back Forward Home Reload Images Open Print Stop Go To: http://www.thomaswatson/ The roots of the Internet can be traced to the Defense Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency. In the Beginning, There Was ARPANET By Peter Grier ne midsummer day in 1968, can’t see what one would want such Ocomputer scientist Severo M. Orn- a thing for.” stein was sitting in his office at the small Seldom in modern history has a tech- Cambridge, Mass., firm Bolt Beranek and nological prophecy been more wrong, Newman, Inc., when his boss walked in as Ornstein himself has since laugh- and handed him a sheaf of papers. It was ingly admitted. Despite his reservations, a request from the Defense Department’s BBN bid for and won the contract to Advanced Research Projects Agency construct ARPANET—a rudimentary, (ARPA) for companies to bid on a project four-computer experiment that has since that would link together computers at exploded into today’s world-girdling, different sites, enabling them to swap multipurpose Internet. data and files. Such a network had never Maybe the Internet would have come really been built before. Mr. Ornstein’s into existence without ARPA funding. boss wanted to know if BBN could do it. The utility of such a network is obvious, Ornstein took the papers home and and numerous scientists, including some studied them overnight. A day or two in other nations, were tinkering with later, he slapped the proposal back down similar technology at the time. on his superior’s desk. But US military funding gave com- “I suppose we could build that, puter networks a great boost and ensured if you wanted to,” he said.
  • Reports' Descriptive (141)

    Reports' Descriptive (141)

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 372 729 IR 016 654 AUTHOR Eschbach, Darel TITLE What Is the Internet, Who Is Running It and How Is It Used? PUB DATE [Feb 94] NOTE 38p. PUB TYPE Reports' Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Access to Information; *Administration; *Computer Networks; Computer Uses in Education; Diffusion (Communication); *Electronic Mail; *Information Networks; Information Transfer; Technological Advancement; User Needs (Information) IDENTIFIERS *Internet; *National Information Infrastructure; National Science Foundation ABSTRACT The Internet, for the purposes of this discussion, refers to the network that has the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) as its backbone. For this paper, internet is the larger connection of networks that provides a minimum basic connection for electronic mail. The network is made up of many segments structured in a multitiered hierarchy from the NSFNET backbone to the networks at participating institutions. Network operations centers and information centers provide for pnysical communications ci-cuits, equipment servicing, and user support services. No one person or agency is responsible for the Internet/internet, but the system works as a result of a background culture and tradition that has developed over the years. There isa wealth of information available on how to usa the Internet/internet as it exists, and a wealth of speculation about its growth in light of the planned National Information Infrastructure. Three figures, three maps, and five attachments illustrate
  • End-To-End Arguments in the Internet: Principles, Practices, and Theory

    End-To-End Arguments in the Internet: Principles, Practices, and Theory

    End-to-End Arguments in the Internet: Principles, Practices, and Theory vorgelegt von Matthias Bärwolff Von der Fakultät IV Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr. Ing.) genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Anja Feldmann (Vorsitzende) Prof. Dr. Bernd Lutterbeck (Berichter) Dr. David D. Clark (Berichter) Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 22. Oktober 2010 Berlin 2010 D 83 Dissertation submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Technische Universität Berlin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Dr. Ing. Advisers: Prof. em. Dr. iur. Bernd Lutterbeck, Technische Universität Berlin Dr. David D. Clark, Massachusetts Institute of Technology I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Auslandsdienst, DAAD) who have given me a scholarship for a stay at MIT in early 2009. Diese Doktorarbeit wurde mit finanzieller Unterstützung des Deutschen Akademischen Auslandsdiensts (DAAD) in Form eines dreimonatigen Doktorandenstipendiums im Jahr 2009 angefertigt. © Copyright 2010 by Matthias Bärwolff www.bärwolff.de [email protected] +49 30 20238852 rinciples are often more effective guides for action when they appear as no more than an unreasoned prejudice, Pa general feeling that certain things simply “are not done”; while as soon as they are explicitly stated speculation begins about their correctness and their validity. [ . ] Once the instinctive certainty is lost, perhaps as a result of unsuccessful attempts to put into words principles that had been observed “intuitively”, there is no way of regaining such guidance other than to search for a correct statement of what before was known implicitly.