Biology 317 Spring 2011 Second Hourly Exam 5/13/11

Name: Lab sect. (TA/time):

Biology 317 Spring 2011

Second Hourly Exam 5/13/11

1) (30 pts) Match the letter of the family on the right with the unknown plant described on the left. Some of the families may be used more than once or not at all; all plant descriptions should be matched to a family.

Herb, opposite leaves, 5-parted flowers, 5 fused carpels, free- central placentation A) Aceraceae Tree, opposite leaves, 5-parted flowers with nectary disk, schizocarp B) Boraginaceae

Herb, flower parts in 4s, versatile anthers with pollen in tetrads C) Brassicaceae

Tree, dioecious with flowers in catkins, hairy seeds D) Cactaceae

shrub, pinnately compound leaves with stipules, many stamens, E) Caryophyllaceae many carpels, inferior ovary F) Ericaceae Shrub, tough leathery leaves, pendant urn-shaped flowers G) Fabaceae Herb, 5-parted radial flowers arranged in scorpioid cyme, nutlets H) Malvaceae Succulent green stems covered with spines, flowers with many tepals and stamens I) Onagraceae

Herb, 4-parted flowers, 6 stamens, glucosinolates J) Polemoniaceae

Herb, 5-parted flowers, zygomorphic, lower petal forms nectar K) Polygonaceae spur L) Portulacaceae Tree, compound leaves with entire margins and stipules, zygomorphic flowers with 10 stamens M) Rosaceae

Herb, 5-parted flowers, actinomorphic symmetry, fused corollas, N) Salicaceae 3 stigma lobes O) Saxifragaceae Herb, connivent anthers with terminal pores, epipetalous stamens, 2 fused carpels; capitate stigma; fruit a berry P) Solanaceae

Herb, palmately lobed leaves, 5-parted flowers, 10 stamens, 2 Q) Violaceae carpels partially fused at base

Herb, stellate hairs, 5-parted flowers, 5 fused carpels with axile placentation

1 2) (10) There is a tremendous diversity of chemical compounds in plants and they serve many functions. Identify a function for each of the class of compounds listed AND a family in which these compounds are found.

Function Family

Betalains

Alkaloids

Iridoids

Anthocyanins

Glucosinolates

3a) (2) What is meant by a “pollination syndrome?”

3b) (8) Describe the traits associated with following pollination syndromes.

Buzz pollination

Hummingbird pollination

Moth pollination

Carrion fly pollination

2 4) (18) Circle the best answer from the choices available with each question.

Which of the following is included in the “Core” Asteridae AND is a monophyletic group? a) Ericaceae b) Polemoniaceae c) Cornaceae d) Solanaceae e) Hydrophyllaceae

Three-parted flowers are typical of the monocots, a group we have not yet studied. However, we have learned some families that have SOME (for example: just sepals or just stamens) OR ALL of their floral parts in threes. Which combination of families has some or all of their floral parts in threes: a) Boraginaceae, Solanaceae, and Cactaceae b) Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae c) Polygonaceae, Fabaceae, and Polemoniaceae d) Violaceae, Polygonaceae, and Polemoniaceae e) Salicaceae, Rosaceae, and Fabaceae

Which of the following is NOT associated with flag flowers in the Fabaceae? a) Banner b) fused ‘keel’ petals c) tetradynamous stamens d) bilateral symmetry e) wing petals

Serpentine soils are a) bands of soil types in a twisting pattern on the landscape b) naturally occurring soils with high levels of certain ions (e.g., Ni, Fe, Mg) that are toxic to most plants c) soils known to be populated by many snakes d) the most common soil type in Washington State e) soils poisoned by human activity where few plants can grow

Versatile anthers means that a) Two are long and two are short b) They are capable of both self- and cross-pollination c) They are attached to the filament by a thin connective tissue d) Some flowers have both stamens and pistils, while others have pistils only e) The number of anthers is variable

Which of the following is NOT typical of plants in the subclass Rosidae? a. flowers polypetalous b. two integuments surrounding the ovule c. perianth parts arranged in whorls d. monocolpate pollen e. seeds with two cotyledons

3 5) (9) The west slope of the Cascade Range receives lots of rain and is covered by dense forest vegetation with relatively low species diversity, while the east slope receives less rain and has more open forests giving way to shrub/grassland as one moves out of the mountains and exhibits more species diversity. a) What process or processes gave rise to the Cascade range?

b) Explain, in general terms, the physics of why there is more rainfall on the west side than on the east side of the Cascades.

c) Explain why there is lower species diversity on the west side than on the east side of the Cascades.

6a) (3) The large clade Asteridae contains approximately 25% of all flowering plant species. However, this currently recognized group was only identified recently based on DNA sequences. List three synapomorphies for the group AND provide a brief description of what each is.

6b) (3) Before the evidence from DNA sequences became available, there was a group of families often called Asteridae, but now referred to as the “Core Asteridae.” List three traits that are typical of these families.

6c) (2) Why do you think Asteridae, as we now recognize them, were not recognized so previously (hint: answer has nothing to do with DNA sequences)?

7) (10) Briefly define the following terms. You may use a sketch to aid in your definition. a) areoles

b) hypanthium

c) vegetation

d) brush flower

e) stellate hairs

8) (2) Describe the vegetation of the Puget Sound lowlands in the vicinity of what is now Seattle approximately 15,000 years ago.

9) (3) Identify three distinctive characteristics of the clade Caryophyllales (called subtribe Caryophyllinae in the textbook, Judd et al., 3rd edition).