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Home , History of Haryana

By Dr. C.L. Khanna

Revised & Enlarged Edition

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2 © Publishers

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ISBN : 978-81-7482-383-0

Code No. 352

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA Contents

● : At a Glance ……………………………………………………... 3–6 ● : The Capital of Haryana : At a Glance …………………………. 7–9 ● Haryana : History …………………………………………………………. 10–11 ● Haryana : Geographical and Natural Location …………………………… 12–14 ● Haryana : Districts and Population ……………………………………….. 15–28 ● Haryana : Industries and Minerals ………………………………………… 29–32 ● Haryana : Games ………………………………………………………….. 33–35 ● Haryana : Art and Culture ………………………………………………… 36–37 ● Haryana : Great Personalities ……………………………………………... 38–39 ● Haryana : Miscellaneous ………………………………………………….. 40–46 ● Haryana : Population (Final 2011) Tables …………………………..……. 47–52 ● Haryana : Agriculture …………………………………………………….. 53–55 ● Haryana : Irrigation and Projects ………………………………………….. 56–57 ● Haryana : Education……………………………………………………….. 58–60 ● Haryana : Tourist Places, Religious and Pilgrimcentres, Temples, Mosques, Old Monuments—Forts, Mahals, Tanks and Museums …………………………………………………...…... 61–63 ● Haryana : Transport ……………………………………………………….. 64–65 ● Haryana : Budget ……………………………….………………………… 66–66 ● Haryana : Political/Administrative ………………………………………... 67–68 ● Haryana : Governors/Chief-Ministers …………………………………….. 69–69 ● Objective Questions ………………………………………………………… 71–80 HARYANA General Knowledge (At a Glance) Haryana : At a Glance

● State : Haryana South-East, Uttar Pradesh and ● Capital : Chandigarh (30·73°N to 76·78°E) Delhi in the East and Punjab and Chandigarh in the North-West. ● Location : North-Western State of India ● ● Geographical Situation : Area : 44,212 sq. km 27°–39′ to 30°–55′–5″ North ● Rank of state according to area : 21st state latitude and 74°–27′–8″ to in the country. ° ′ ″ 77 –36 –5 East longitude. ● District with largest area : ● Boundaries States : ● District with smallest area : in the North, Uttarakhand in the North-East ● Total population (2011 Final) of the Rajasthan in the South and South state : 2,53,51,462 Persons Map of Haryana

District Map of Haryana Panchkula

Ambala

Sirsa Fatehabad

Jind

Sonipat Bhiwani Delhi

Gurugram ()

Nuh (Mewat)

4A | Haryana

Population (2011) (F) ● District with lowest population growth rate : Jhajjar (8.90%). Males : 1,34,94,734 ● Density of population (2011) in the State : Females : 1,18,56,728 573 persons km2. Rural population (2011) ● Rank of state (Among the states & UT’s) in : 1,65,09,359 the country according to density of popula- Males : 87,74,006 tion : 11th. ● Females : 77,35,353 District with highest density of population : Faridabad (2442). Urban population (2011) ● District with lowest density of population : : 88,42,103 (303). Males : 47,20,728 ● Sex ratio : 879 females per 1000 males. Females : 41,21,375 ● District with maximum Sex-ratio : ● City with one million population (2011) : (Mewat) (1000 : 907). Faridabad (1,055,938) ● District with minimum Sex-ratio : ● Percentage of urban population (2011) in and Gurugram (1000 : 856). Haryana : 34·9% ● Rank in counting according to Sex-ratio in the ● Rank of the state according to population State : 30th. (2011) : 18th Percentage of literacy (2011) ● Percentage of total population of the Country in the State : 75·6% (2011) : 2.09% Males : 84·06% ● Total no. of the age group 0–6 years : Females : 65·9% 33,80,721 Total no. of literate persons : 1,65,98,988 ● Total no. of the male children aged 0–6 years: Total no. of literate males : 97,94,067 18,43,109 ● Total no. of literate females : 68,04,921 Total no. of the Female children aged 0–6 ● years : 15,37,612 Rank of the State (Among the states & UT’s) in the country according to literacy : 22nd ● District with highest population (2011) : ● District with highest literacy rate : Gurugram Faridabad 18,09,733 (state population) (Gurgaon) (84·70%) ● District with lowest population (2011) : ● District with lowest literacy rate : Nuh Panchkula (5,61,293). (Mewat) (54·08%) ● Districts with population (2011) more than 1·5 ● District with highest Males literacy : Rewari million; 5 [Faridabad, Gurugram (Gurgaon), (91·44%) Hisar, Karnal and Bhiwani] ● District with lowest Males literacy : Nuh ● Districts with population (2011) more than 1 (Mewat) (69·94%) million : 10 [(Sonipat, , Sirsa, , ● District with highest Females literacy : Yamunangar, Kaithal, Panipat, Rohtak, Pal- Gurugram (Gurgaon) (77·98%) wal and Nuh (Mewat)]. ● District with lowest Females literacy : Nuh ● Districts with population (2011) more than (Mewat) (36·60%). 0·5 million : 6 (Kurukshetra, Jhajjar, Fateha- ● Total no. of workers in the State : 89,16,508 bad, Mahendragarh, Rewari and Panchkula). Males workers 68,06,636 Increase rate 2001–11, Decadal population : # 19·90%. Females workers # 21,09,872 ● District with highest population growth rate : ● Total no. of non-workers in the State : Gurugram (73·96%). 1,64,34,954 Haryana | 5A

Number of main workers : 70,15,283 (Hisar), Shama (Gurugram), Gouriya (Baha- Number of marginal workers : 19,01,225 durgarh), Kingfisher (Ambala), Magpai or ● Working share in the State : 35·2% Magpie (Faridabad), Rajhans (), Skylark (Panipat), , Surajkund, Blue Je ● Males working share rate : 50·4% (Samalakha), Chakravarti lake and oasis ● Females working share rate : 17·8% (Ujhana), Perakeet (Pipli), Garden ● District with maximum working share rate : (Pinjore), Flemingo (Hisar), Maina (Rohtak), Fatehabad (45·09%) Red-Bishop (Panchkula), Damdama (Guru- ● District with minimum working share rate : gram), Sultanpur bird sanctuary (Gurugram), Ambala (32·01%) and hill famous for pine tree. ● Birth rate (2013) : 21·3 per 1000 Per-capita income : Death rate (2013) : 6·3 per 1000 (a) At Constant (2011-12) Infant Mortality Rate (2013) : 41 per 1000 Price (2015-16) 1,32,251 Divisions : 4 [Ambala, Gurugram (Gurgaon), (Quick estimated) Hisar and Rohtak] (b) At Current Price (2015-16) 1,65,204 ● No. of districts in the State : 21 ● The area where the Kaurav-Pandav battle ● No. of Sub-divisions : 62 took place during the Mahabharat period : Kurukshetra ● No. of Tehsils : 83 ● First State of the country where the coopera- ● No. of Sub-Tehsils : 47 tive loans of farmers were exempted : Haryana ● No. of Blocks : 126 ● The first State of the country where the ● No. of Villages : 6,841 villages were electrified first : Haryana ● ● No. of Cities Towns : 154 The State of the country where the maximum no. of tractors are manufactured : Haryana ● Mountains : Shivalik in the North and Ara- ● The State which introduced crop insurance valli Ranges in the South-West. policy in the State in : Haryana ● Rivers : , Ghagghar, Markanda, Tan- ● The State which produces 1/3rd of the gari, Sahibi country’s sanitary hardware : Haryana ● Important Lakes : Badkhal and Saibi ● City of weavers in the country : Panipat ● Agriculture : 70% people are engaged in ● Famous for Queen of hills : Morni hill agriculture ● The founder of Vishal Haryana Party at Har- ● Important Festivals/Fairs : ‘Lohri’ is the yana : Rao Virendra Singh important festival and ‘Tikka’ is the important ● fair. The State famous for milk and curd : Haryana ● Aerodromes : Hisar, Pinjore, Karnal, Nar- ● Well known cricketer of Haryana : Nawab naul and Bhiwani Pataudi and Kapil Dev. ● Wild life Sanctuary : Sultanpur Bird Sanc- ● First novel written in : tuary, Gurugram (Gurgaon). Jharuphiri. ● Tourist Places : There are 44 tourists’ comp- First Haryanvi film : Chandraval (Producer– lexes in Haryana where every year 55 lac, Sobhagay Devi Shankar) ● people comeover. The important tourists First State poet of Haryana : Sri Udaiman centres are Suraj Kund (near Delhi), Badkhal Hans. ● lake (near Faridabad) Dabchik (), Haryana Keshri : Pt. Neki Ram Sharma. Jangal Babler (Dharu-Hera), Karn Jheel ● Founder of Haryana Vikas Party : Chaudhary (Ujhana), Kala Titar (Abushhar), Blue bird . 6A | Haryana

● Founder of Bhakra-Dam-Project : Chaudhary ● No. of M.L.A.’s : 90 (Out of this 17 seats are Chotu Ram. reserved for SCs). ● ● Awardee of Honour of Haryana Keshri : No. of M.P.s : 10 Chaudhary . ● Members of Rajya Sabha : 05 ● Iron man of Haryana : Bansi Lal ● 1st Governor of the State : Dharamveer. ● First woman to climb over Mt. Everest twice : ● 1st Chief Minister of the State : Bhagwat Santosh Yadav (Haryana). Dayal Sharma ● Three-Lals of Haryana : , Bansi ● 1st Advocate General : Babu Ananad Swarup. Lal and Devi Lal. ● State game : Wrestling ● H.M.T. Factory : Pinjore (Ambala). ● State animal : Neel Gai ● Atlas cycle industry : Sonipat. ● State bird : Black Titar ● Production of Maruti Cars : Gurugram ● Haryana has a large industrial base having (Gurgaon). more than 1,347 large and medium and 80,000 ● Factory of Rajdoot Motor Cycles : Faridabad small scale units in the State. ● Manufacturing of Escort Tractors and Kelvi- ● In 2014-15, the state Government has also nator Refrigerators : Faridabad recommended 28 SEZ’s proposals in IT/ITES ● National Dairy Research Institute : Karnal. sector, out of this, 6 SEZ’s are functioning. ● Biggest animal farm of Asia : Hissar ● Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure ● Haryana foundation day : 1st Nov. (1st Nov., Development Corporation (HSIIDC) is a Pio- 1966) neer Institute of the State Government in the ● Haryana High Court : Chandigarh. Public Sector, having its role as an institu- ● Official Language : Hindi tional entrepreneur as well as development- ● Main language : Hindi and Haryanvi cum-financial institution for accelerating the ● Legislature : Unicameral system (Lower pace of industrial growth in the state pri- House or Vidhan Sabha). marily in the medium and large scale sectors. Chandigarh : The Capital of Haryana At a Glance

Central territory : Chandigarh Area : 114 sq. km Capital : Chandigarh Joint Capi- Longitude : 76°-47′-14′′ E tal of Punjab and Har- Latitude : 30°-44′ N-14′′ N yana) Population (2011)(F) : 10,55,450 persons Boundaries : Punjab in North and Males : 5,80,663 West and Haryana in East and South. Females : 4,74,787

Chandigarh Punjab

To Roop Nagar

Punjab N Secretariat Punjab & Haryana 2 1 Vigyan M U 12 ttar M Punjab University 11 3 14 arg arg 15 10 4 9 25 5 Secretariat Vidhya Path 16 M Sukhna Lake a 24 d Haryana To Dakhin Marg h 6 38 y a U 17 M 8 7 Udhyan Pathdhog M a 37 23 rg Secretariat 22 18 Punjab g arg 36 ar ath 19 M ar P 26 35 ya 21 27 To Ludhiana la a Sarov im H 20 Sukhna Marg 34 28 30 Chandni Path arg 33 a M 29 32 Purw Chandigarh R.S. 31 To Fatehgarh Mauli Gagaran Haryana

Punjab To Patiala Map not to Scale

Roads States Boundary To Ambala To Ambala Cantt Railway Line Sector Number Note : Chandigarh is joint capital of Punjab and Haryana 8A | Haryana

Sex Ratio : 818 colour photography, Knitting machines, Density : 9,258 Paints, Radio and T.V. etc. Population growth : 17·19 Universities : Punjab University, Chandigarh, Rural population : 28,991 Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education Males : 17,150 and Research, Chandigarh. Females : 11,841 Aerodrome : Chandigarh. Urban population : 10,26,459 Tourist places : Rose Garden, Rock Garden, Males : 5,63,513 Shantikunj, Art Gallery, National Gallery of Portraits, Museum, Sukhna Lake, Terrace Females : 4,62,946 Garden, Memory Park, Bougainvillea Garden, Percentage of urban population : 97·24 International Doll’s Museum, Deer Park, Population (0–6 years) : 1,19,434 Ledger Valley, Long Hut (Kuda Alisher) etc. Males : 63,536 Chief Commissioners of Chandigarh Females : 55,898 ● Sex ratio (0–6 years) : 880 M. S. Randhawa 1 Nov., 1966–31 Oct., 1968 ● Rank according to population, among the Damodar Dass 31 Oct., 1968–8 April, 1969 union territories : 3rd (Total percentage of ● B. P. Bagchi 8 April, 1969–1 Sept., 1972 the country : 0·09%) ● M. P. Mathur 1 Sept., 1972–Dec. 1975 Decade increase 2001–11 : 17·2% ● G.P. Gupta Dec. 1975–15 June, 1976 Literacy : 86·05% ● T. N. Chaturvedi 15 June, 1976–June 1978 Males #89·99% ● J. C. Agrawal June 1978–19 July, 1980 ● Females #81·2% B. S. Sarao 19 July, 1980–8 March, 1982 ● Number of literates : 805438 Banerjee 8 March, 1982–2 June, 1984 ● Males : 4,65,346 Krishna Banerjee 2 August, 1984–30 May, 1985 Females : 3,40,092 Administrator of Chandigarh Rank according to literacy among the ● B. D. Pandey 2 June, 1984–3 July, 1984 union territories : 2nd ● K. T. Satarawala 3 July, 1984–2 Aug., 1984 Sex-ratio : 818 females per 1000 males ● Arjun Singh 30 May, 1985–14 Nov., 1985 Density of population : 9258 km2 ● Hokishe Sema 14 Nov., 1985–26 Nov., 1985 Rank according to density of population ● S. D. Sharma 26 Nov., 1985–2 April, 1986 among the union territories : second ● S. S. Ray 2 April, 1986–8 Dec., 1989 Main Language : Hindi and Punjabi ● Nirmal Mukherjee 8 Dec., 1989–14 June, 1990 Cultivable land : 1325 Hectares (2008-09) ● Virendra Verma 14 June, 1990–18 Dec., 1990 Irrigated land : 1305 Hectares (2008-09) ● O. P. Malhotra 18 Dec., 1990–7 Aug., 1991 Main crops : Wheat, Maize and Rice ● Surendra Nath 7 Aug., 1991–9July, 1994 Electricity : 3·5 per cent of the total produc- ● S. P. Kurdukar 10 July, 1994–18 Sept., 1994 tion of Bhakra is supplied to Chandigarh. ● B. K. N. Chibber 18 Sept., 1994–27 Nov., 1999 ● Industries : Woollen garments, Woollen J. F. R. Jacob 27 Nov., 1999–8 May, 2003 hosiery, Electric meter, Antibiotic medicine, ● O. P. Verma 8 May, 2003–3 Nov., 2004 Biscuits, Cycle assembling material, Steel ● A. R. Kidwai 3 Nov., 2004–16 Nov., 2004 furniture, Steel goods, Electronic screws, ● S. F. Rodrigues 16 Nov., 2004–20 Jan., 2010 Sewing machines and their accessories, Ther- ● Shiv Raj Patil 22 Jan., 2010—22 Jan., 2015 mometer, Tractor’s accessories, material of ● Kaptan Singh Solanki 22 Jan., 2015—till date Haryana | 9A

Points to Remember ● Wheat, Maize, Vegetables, Fodder Rice her- ● Chandigarh a beautiful city is situated at the bal and medicinal plants are the main crops of beautiful foot hill of Shivalik ranges. Chandigarh. ● ● Chandigarh along with its adjoining areas was Total length of the National Highway which given the status of on 1st Nov., passes through Chandigarh is 24·9 km. 1966. ● The number of large and medium scale indu- ● The plan of Chandigarh city was prepared by stries in the state are 1343 and small indus- Albert Mayor in 1950 which was later on tries are 80,000. reformed by French architect Le Corbusier in ● The electricity needed for Chandigarh is collaboration with Indian architects in 1952. supplied by the projects of adjacent states as ● Chandigarh is the joint capital of Haryana and well as central projects. From the total pro- Punjab State. duction of Bhakra, Chandigarh gets 4·7% share of electricity. ● The High Court of Punjab and Haryana State ● is situated at Chandigarh. Near about 82·9 MW electricity is sanctioned ● to Chandigarh which is produced from ther- High Court at Chandigarh was established in mal, atomic and gas based central pro-jects. 1966. All the adjoining villages of Chandigarh have ● The administration of Chandigarh is looked electricity supply. after by administrator. Only one member of ● By 2021 the population of Chandigarh is Parliament is elected from Chandigarh. projected to be around 19·5 lacs (at current ● Near about 1400 hectares of cultivated land. rate of growth). Haryana : History

The glorious history of Haryana starts from ● The famous battle of Mahabharat was fought . This state is known as the birth here at Kurukshetra. Here Lord Krishna place of mythological Bharat dynasty with preached the message of Geeta. whose nomenclature the name of this country ● In olden times Haryana state was known as ‘Bharat’ is associated. The battle field for war between Kauravas and , the Kurukshetra, Brahmavart Pradesh, Brahmarishi Pradesh is situated in Haryana. Prior to the arrival of and Uttarvedi of Brahma. Muslims in India and making Delhi the capital of ● Agroha place of Haryana was known as the India, Haryana played a major role in the history capital of Agraigana. of India. After that Haryana became the part of ● Sthanvishwar (Thaneshwar) of Haryana was Delhi. Prior to the first war of independence in the capital of king Harshwardhan. 1857 Haryana was anonymous. After crushing the rebellion of 1857 the British administration re- ● The glory and prosperity of Thaneshwar, the established themselves and the Nawabs of Jhajjar capital of has been beautifully descri- and , the ruler of and bed by the Chinese traveller Huen-Tsang. of Rewari were dethroned and their ● The life and cultural traditions of Haryana territories were either merged with areas under during that period have been fully described British rule or were transferred to rulers of Patiala, in ‘Harsha Charita’ of ‘Banbhatt’. Nabha and Jind. Thus, Haryana became the part of ● Punjab and on 1st Nov., 1966 after the reorganisa- Areno Raja, the Chauhan ruler (1131-51) dur- tion of Punjab, Haryana became the full- fledged ing the 12th century attacked Haryana Pradesh state of India. and defeated the Tomars. ● The description of Haryana is found in Vedic ● The account of progress of trade, art and literature. The excavation of this place proves culture of Haryana, during the Tomar’s rule is that the development of Indus Valleys civili- found in Yashistlak Champu volume. zation and Mohenjodaro culture took place at ● In 1014 Mahmmud Gajnabi attacked Thanesh- this place. war. ● There are different views regarding the ● Bisaldev or Vighrey Raj VI conquered Delhi nomenclature of Haryana. Haryana is either and Haryana in 1156 and captured Delhi and from Haryali or Hawar (Loot Mar or Robbery) or from Harinathak or Aryana. from Tomars. Thus, Chauhans estab- lished their rule over Haryana in 12th century. ● Haryana was formed on 1st Nov., 1966 as an ● autonomous state of Indian Republic. Prior to Balban the ruler of slave dynasty tried to that it was the part of Punjab state. crush the power of Mewas of Haryana in 1265. ● 35·18% part of old united Punjab was trans- ferred to Haryana. ● Firoz Tuglaq, the Tuglaq ruler established ● According to archaeologists the pre-historic Fatehabad (New district) a town in the name of his son Fateh Khan. records of Pre-Harrapan, Harappan, Post- Harappan are found in the excavation of ● In 1398, Taimur attacked India and after Banwali, , Kunal, Mirzapur, Daulatpur, conquering, he entered Haryana, alongside and Bhagwanpura places. Ghagghar river. Haryana | 11A

● After devastating Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar, cause for the expansion of British rule in the Karnal, Kaithal, Ashand, Tugakpur and South. Salwan Taimur reached Panipat and indulged ● While returning to his own country, Northern in large scale plunder there. part of Ambala, Jind, Kurukshetra, Karnal ● The battle between Babar and Ibrahim Lodi were handed over to Jain Khan, the governor was fought in 1526 at Panipat (Haryana), in of Sarhind by Ahmad Shah Abdali. which Babar won and he laid the foundations ● During 1809-10 the entire Haryana was ruled of the in India. by Britishers. ● Hemchand, () was the ruler of Rewari ● Most of the soldiers who took part in the during the reign of , the Mughal empe- ror. revolt of 1857 at belonged to Gurgaon, Rothak and Hisar districts of Haryana. ● In 1556, the was ● fought between Akbar and Hemu. Due to Brave soldier, Ram-Krishan Gopal of Haryana Hemu’s defeat the dream of his expansion of was the assistant Kotwal (Chief-Inspector of Hindu state vanished and the Mughal empire Police) of Meerut, during the time of Meerut was established fully. revolt. ● Jalal Khan was the ruler of sub-division ● During the first war of independence Raja of Tavru at the time of attack of Babar in Nahan Singh of Ballabhgarh was the leader of 1526-27. revolutionary forces in Delhi. ● Mandhar, a sub-division of Kaithal in Har- ● During the revolution of 1857 the Jind estate yana was the estate of Mohan Singh, the of Haryana supported the Britishers. Rajput ruler during the regime of Babar. ● Hisar of Haryana was the political and social ● During 1756-57 Haryana was under the con- work place of . trol of Marathas. ● Gandhiji was arrested from Palwal (Haryana) ● In 1761 the was fought on 8th April, 1919. between Ahmad Shah Abdali and Maratha rulers, in which Marathas were defeated and ● Till after independence in 1947, Haryana was their strength was weakened which was a the part of Punjab province. Haryana : Geographical and Natural Location

The State of Haryana was created on Nov. 1, (ii) Plains area 1966 after separating the designated area from the ● This covers the largest area of the state. State of Punjab. With the exception of a few ● This area extends from North to South. In Siwalik ranges in the North and Aravalli ranges in summer it is very hot while in winter it is the South, the entire Haryana is a plain area. The severe cold. State of Haryana lies in the North-Western part of ● Here Shishum, Pipal, Banyan, Mango, Neem the country, extending from 27°-39' N to 30°-55'- and Plumbago trees are found. 5" N Lat. and 74°-27'-8" E to 77°-36'-5" E Long. ● Bibipur and Najafgarh famous lakes are The state is adjacent to the National Capital. It is situated in this area. bounded in the North by Himachal Pradesh, in the East by Himachal Pradesh and Delhi; in the South (iii) Sandy area and South-East by Rajasthan and in the North- ● Western part of the state adjacent to Rajasthan West by Punjab and Rajasthan and by U.P. in the is sandy. East. The state covers an area of 44,212 sq. km, ● Here small sand dunes are found at places. with a 21st place in the country (according to Here warm wind blows which causes scanty area). As the flow of river indicates, the northern rainfall. part is slopy from North-East to South-West. The ● Here Keekar, Khair and Thorn trees with plain area of Haryana is the part of Indo-gagentic Xerophytes as well as scrubs are found. plain which has been formed due to the deposition ● The part of Mahendragarh, Bhiwani, Sirsa of alluvial sediment. and Hisar districts are sandy. Physical Divisions (iv) Dry area of Aravalli Ranges ● The dry ranges of Aravalli are found in The State of Haryana can be divided into four physical divisions : southern part of Haryana. ● This range is an offshoot of Aravalli Ranges (i) Hilly area of Shivalik, situated in Rajasthan. (ii) Plains area ● The limestone and slate are found in these (iii) Sandy area rocks. ● Due to scanty rainfall Xerophytes vegetation (iv) Dry area of Aravalli Ranges is found in the area. ● (i) Hilly area of Shivalik Ranges Aravalli ranges are situated in the Nuh (Mewat) area of of Haryana. ● This hilly area is the North-Eastern part of the state. Climate ● Its height is from 900 meters to 2300 meters. Temperature ● Rivers Ghagghar, Tangari, Markanda and ● Haryana experiences continental type of Sarswati emerge from this hilly area. climate. ● Huge trees and Limestone are found here. The ● Here summers are very hot and winters are Limestone is used for cement manufacturing. severely cold. Haryana General Knowledge

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