510
FQQT-NGTES Chapter I
India Adopts Parliamentary Democracy
1. K.M.Munshi, G. A. D. . Vol.IV. p.544.
2. Vallabhbhai Patel, C. A. D. , Vol.IV. pp.579-SO.
3. N.V.Gadgil, C. A. D .. Vol.IV, p.640.
4. Sir Barthe Frere , quoted by M.C. Report. Para. 60
5. M.C.Report. Para. 6&.
6. Lord Curzon, quoted by A.R.Desai.
Social Back-ground of Indian Nationalism, p.297. I ed.
7. M.C.Report. Para. 79.
S. R. Coupland , Constitutional Problem in India. Part 1 , p.2$.
9. R. Coupland, Constitutional Problem in India. Part 1, pp.25-’6.
10. R. Coupland, Constitutional Problem in India. Part 1 , p.26.
10.(a) Lord Balfour, quoted by R. Coupland. Constitutional
Problem in India. Part 1 , p.26.
12. R. Coupland , Constitutional Problem in India. Part I, p.37.
13. M.C. Report. Para. 101.
14. Simon Commission Report. Vol. II. p.6.
15. Government of India Despatch , September 30, 1930.
quoted by R. Coupland. Fart 1 , pp. 10^-109. 511
16. Sapru; R.T.C. Proceeding.s.
Nov. 12, 1930 - Jan. 19, 1931. p.2g.
17. Marquis of Zetland; Political India, p. 2S3
1^. Simon Commission Report. Vol. II. p.6.
19. H* Coupland. Constitutional Problem in India.
Part I . p. 51 .
20. Govt, of India Despatch; Sep. 30, 1930.
21 . Quoted by Desai A.R. Social Back^,round of Indian
Nationalism; p. 296. (I^st ed.)
22. M. C. Report, para. 139»
23. Manifesto of Congress Democratic Party. 191^.
24. K.M.Munshi. C.A.D. Vol. VII pp. 9S4-9S5.
25. Alladi Krishnaswami Aiyyar. C.A.D. Vol. VII , p.9^5.
26. K.B.Shah. C.A.D. Vol. VII, p.963.
27. Shibban Lai. C.A.D. Vol. VII, p. 963
28. Morris Jones, Parliament in India, p. 83.
29. Jawaharlal Nehru, C.A.D. Vol. IV. p.915.
30. K. Hanumanthaiya, C.A.D. Vol. XI. p.66.
31. K.M.Munshi . C.A.D. Vol.VII. p.984.
32. K. Santhanam. C.A.D. Vol.VII. , p.966. 512
33. N.R.Deshpande, Constitution Making in India
(Unpublished thesis)
34* Alladi Krishnaswami Aiyyar , C.A.D. Vol. VII, p.9^5.
35. I b i d .
36. B.R.Ambedkar, C.A.D. Vol. XI. p. 975. 513
Chapter II
Why India Adopted Federal Form
1. M.Y. Pylee , Constitutional Govt, in India, p.35.
2. M.C. Report, para. 10.
3. Quoted by M.Y.Pylee , Constitutional Govt, in India, p.66.
4. M.C.Report, para. 30,
5. M.C.Report. para. I 44.
6. M.C.Report, para. 1^9*
7 . M.C.Report, para. 120.
8. Simon Report. Vol.II , p.20$.
9. M.C. Report, para. 246.
10. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, History of Indian National Congress.
Vol. I. pp.250-251.
1 1 . Nehru Committee Report, p. 11.
12. Nehru Committee Report, p .62.
13. D.N.Banerjea , Some Aspects of Indian Constitution, p.77.
14. R. Coupland, Constitutional Problem in India ,
Part I , p.117.
15. Morris Joifis , Parliament in In d ia , p .1 7.
16 . Ib id . 514
17. N.V.Gadgil, C.A.D. Vol. XI , p.65.
1g. H.V.Kamath, C.A.D. Vol. VIII, p.42.
19. Morris Jones, Parliament in India , pp.17-l3.
20. Nehru Committee Report , I t was on this aspect that
stress was laid by Memorandum to S .R .C . by S.M .P ,
p p .2-3.
21. Pattabhi Sitaramayya , The History of Indian National
Congress. Vol. I. p.250.
22. Nehru Committee Report, p .63. 515
Chapter III
Position of the President of India
(In the Indian Constitution)
1. Rao K.V. Parliamentary Democracy in India, p.25.
2. Basu, The Constitution of India - Commentary: V o l .I , p . 471
Alexandrovacs C.H, , Constitutional Development in
India. p.131.
3. Ambedkar, C.A,D. Vol. VII. p.32.
4. Nehru J. , C.A.D. Vol. IV, p.73Jf.
5. C.A.D. Vol.XI, p.9^S.
6. Basu, The Constitution of India - Commentary: Vol.I, p.417
Alexandrowics C.H. , Constitutional Development in
India , p.137.
Sen, D.K. , A Comparative Study of Indian Constitution,
p p .55-56.
7. C.A.D. . Vol. XI, p.93^.
S. Basu, The Constitution of India - Commentary: V o l .I ,p .41 S.
9. Basu, Ibid. p.471•
Sen D.K. , A Comparative Study of Indian Constitution,
p p .55-56.
10. Art. 13(9) Art. 11 . Its
11. Basu, The Constitution of India; Commentary.
V o l . I , p .41 S.
Sen, D.K. , A Comparative Study of Indian
Constitution. pp.55-56.
12. Alexandrowics C.H. , Constitutional Development of
Indian Constitution, p.140.
13. Basu, The Constitution of India. Commentary, Vol.I,
p . 471.
14» Basu, Ibid. p.472.
15. K.V.Rao , Parliamentary Democracy in India , p.Si .
16. Gledhill Allen, The Republic of India . p.101.
17. Gledhill Allen, Ibid. p.103.
IS. Basu, The Constitution of India , Commentary, Vol.I.
p p .636-37.
19. Dash C.S. The Constitution of India. p.267.
20. Dosh C.S. Article in Indian Joiirnal of Political Science.
Rao K.V. , Parliamentary Democracy in India.
p. 47.
21. Rau B.N. , Indian Constitution in the Making. p.37S.
22. Rao K.V. , Parliamentary Democracy in India . p.43>. 23. Quoted by Dash S.C. , The Constitution of India . p,246i
24. Quoted by Dash S.C. , Ibid, p.246.
25. Rao K.V., Parliamentary Democracy in India, p.79*
26. Hindustan Times . Oct. 1 , 1964*
27. Economic Weekly. September 10, I960, p.1397.
2g. Rao K .V ., Parliamentary Democracy in India, p.32.
29. Alexandrowics C.H. , Constitutional Development in
India . p.129.
30. Alexandrowics C .H ., Ibid . p.129.
31. Ddsh C .S ., The Constitution of India , pp.265-266.
32. Rao K.V ., Parliamentary Democracy in India, pp.SO-^2.
33. Gledhill Allen, Republic of India . p.iSS.
34. Rau B.N. , Indian Constitution in the Making. p.3^.
35. Basu, The Constitution of In d ia: A Commentry , V o l.I ,
p . 472.
36. Rao K.V. , Parliamentary Democracy in India . p .57.
37. Alexandrowics, Constitutional Development in India ,
p . 137. Chapter IV
Her Credit and Debit
1. Appadorai, quoted by Morris Jones: Parliament in India,
P.32S.
2. Nehru, Symposium on Future of Asian Democracies.
3. G.L.Mehta in Thayer ed. Nationalism and Progress in
Free Asia, p.709.
4. I^Iacaulay, quoted by A.R .D esai , Social Background of
Indian Nationalism. p.146, Third Edition.
5. A.R.Desai , Social Background of Indian Nationalism.
p .H 6, Third Edition.
6. R. Coupland, Constitutional Problem in India , Part II,
P.21S.
7. Morris-Jones, Parliament in India. p .57.
S. Victor Purcell, Parliamentary Democracy in South-East
Asia (article) Parliamentary Studies, July 1957.
o o 9. James Augustus, quoted, in Joshi -Lele -
{ )p .3 6 .
10. Brady Alexander, Democracy in the Dominions, p.3»
11. Ten Years of India’s Parliament (article)
Parliamentary Studies , Aug. 1957.
12. Ellsworth Bunker, Symposium on Future of Asian Democracies. 13. P.S.Lokanathan , Hyphen (Special issue, 1961) pp.57-5S.
14. H.M.Hyndman , quoted by Will Duarant, Case for India .
p p .55-56.
15. Will Durant, Case for India , pp.55-56.
16. H.J.Laski, Dilemma of Our Times.
17. N.R.Deshpande , Democracy & Party System;
Poona University Journal, No.VII , pp.113-119.
IS. K.M.Panikkar, Indian Journal of Politicai Science .
Jan .M ar.1952.
19. Professor Shills, World Politics p.233, Vol.V.
20. V.K.Narsimhan, Intellectuals and Indian Democracy
(article) Hyphen (1961) p.29.
21. A.B.Lal, (ed.) The Indian Parliament XVII Introduction. j|/ 520
Chapter V
I - Theoretical Considerations.
1 . Rupert Emerson, From Empire to Nation, p.102.
2. Rupert Emerson, Ibid. p.92.
3. Hayes, Essays on Nationalism, p.4.
4. Hayes, Ibid. p.4.
5. A.F.K.Organski , World Politics , p.34.
6. Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences , 1935> Vol.XIII, p .209.
7. N.C.Roy, Federalism and Linguistic States, p .56.
S. Oskar Janowsky , Nationalism & National Minorities , p.3.
9 . Shotwell James T. Foreward . to Oskar Janowsky,
Nationalism and National Minorieis.
10. Bassett, The Essentials of Parliamentary Democracy . p.4.
11. Hugh &IaDclokie , Canadian Parliamentary System.
Parliamentary Affairs (article) Vol.IV, No.1 , pp.42-43,
12. Dicey, Law of Constitution, pp.13^-139»
13. Bagehot, English Constitution; p.15.
14. For such Comparison refer
H.J.Laski, (1) American Democracy, (2) Parliamentary
Government in England. 15. BassetL, The Essentials of Parliamentary Democracy,
p . 22.
1 6. Edmund Burke , quoted by Sydeney Bailey,
British Parliamentary Democracy . p .136.
17. Maxweber, quoted by R.T.Mckenzie , (Article)
Parties . Pressure groups & The British Political
Process . The Political Quarterly, Vol.XXIX ,No, 1 .
1^. Bassett, The Essentials of Parliamentary Democracy. p.l?. kSt. £9. Duverger, Political Parties, pp.423-426.
21 , Bassett, The Essentials of Parliamentary Democracy,
p p .33-34.
22. Sydeney Bailey.British^ Parliamentary Democracy, p.l37.
23. Duverger, Political Parties, p.400.
24. Duverger, Ibid. p.407.
25. Duverger, Ibid. p.40S.
26. Duverger, Ibid . p. 41 2.
27. Brady, Democracy in the Dominions. pp,15-l6.
28. Sir Ivor Jennings, The Approach to Self-Government.
29. Quoted i n , Korhin (E d .) IVIa.jor Crovt. of A s i a , p .323. 522
Chapter V Part I I .
International Experience
1. Khalid Bin Sayeed , Pakistan,
The Formative Phase , p . 439*
2. Sir Ivor Jennings, The Approach to Self-Government. p.31•
3. Sir Ivor Jennings, Ibid . p.29.
4. George Brown, quoted by Dawson, Government of Canada,
p p .33-34.
5. Brady, Democracy in the Dominions , p.1 5.
6. Philip Siekman, (Article) French Canada: A People in Revolt,
Reader’s Digest. August, 1965.
7 . I b i d .
g. McDclokie , Canadian Parliamentary System (Article)
Parliamentary Affairs . Vol.IV, No,1 , p .43.
9. McDclokie, Ibid. . pp.46-47.
10. McDclokie, Ibid , pp.45-47.
11. Quoted by Brady, Democracy in the Dominions , p.77.
12. Brady, Ibid. p.77.
13. Brady, Ibid. p.104.
14. McDclokie, Canadian Parliamentary System (Article)
Parliamentary Affairs , Vol.IV, No.l , p .46. 523
1$. Carter in Neumann (E d .) Modern P o litical Parties -
p. 62.
16. McDclokie , Canadian Parliamentary Affairs . Vol.IV,
No.1 , pp.46-47.
17. Brady, Democracy in the Dominions. p. 104.
1B. Carter in Neumann’s Modern Political Parties , p.70.
19. Times of India , Jime 4 , 1964.
20. Philip Siekman , French Canada: A People in Revolt
(Art.) Readers Digest Aug.1965.
21. Towster, Political Power in the U.S.S.R. . pr$1 .
22. Gene D. Overstreet & Windmiller Marshall,
Communism in India . p p .4 ^ 7 - 4 ^ .
23. Gene D. Overstreet & Windmiller Marshall,
Ibid . pp.437-4^9.
24. Towster, Political Power in the U.S.S.R. , p .55.
25. Gene D. Overstreet & Windmiller M arshall, in Commun i sm/Ind ia , p .4 ^ 7 .
26. Towster, Political Power in the li.S.S.R. , p .56.
27, Towster, Ibid. , p.61.
2d. Towster, Ibid. , p .62.
29. Harisson, India, the Most Dangerous Decades. p.140. 52,4
30. Towster , Political ^'ower in the
31. Towster, Ibid ,
32. Tcvjster , Ibid , p .76.
33. Towster, Ibid , p.95.
34. Towster, Ibid, p.95.
35. Towster, Ibid. p.95.
36. Towster, Ibid . p.^5.
37. Towster, Ibid, p.343.
3^. Kahin (Ed.) Govt.a and Politics in South East Asia,
p. 61 .
39. Kahin, Ibid. p.6l .
40. Kahin, Ibid. p.^3.
41. Kahin, Ibid. p.119.
42. Kahin . Ibid. p.14S.
43. Kahin, Ibid. p.14^.
44. Kahin, Ibid. pp.150-151.
45. Sir Ivor Jennings, The Approach to Self-Government. p .41
46. Hindu. Oct. 2g, 1955.
47. Hindu. Oct. 28, 1955. 523
4^. Hindu. Nov. 9, 195$.
49. Times of India. Jan. 21 , 1956.
50. Hindu. Jan. 23, 1956.
51. Asian Recorder. 1957. Vol. Ill pp.1569-1570.
52. Khalid Bin Sayeed. Pakistan - The Formative Phase . p.406.
53. Sir Ivor Jennings, The Approach to Self-Government. p.37.
54. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Pakistan . The Formative Phase .
pp. 2Sd-2S9.
55. Khalid, Bin Sayeed, Ibid. p.407.
56. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Ibid. pp.4U-415.
57. Mian Iftiharuddin, quoted by Khalid Bin Sayeed,
I b i d . p . 421 .
53. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Ibid. p.421 .
59. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Ibid. p.422.
60. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Ibid. p.426.
61. Asian Recorder. 1957. Vol.II, p.14l6.
62. Ibid . p.1416.
63. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Pakistan - The Formative Phase . p.453. 528
Chapter VI
Pakistan
1. V.P.Menon, Transfer of Power. P.S3.
2. Hector Bolitho , Jinnah . The Creator of Pakistan . p .97.
3. B.R,Ambedkar , Thoughts on Pakistan, p.97.
4. B.R.Ambedkar , Ibid , p .104.
5. B.R.Ambedkar, Ibid, pp.104-105.
6. I.H.Quereshi , Pakistan; An Idea or Practical Politics
(article) , Indians Problem of Her Future Constitution,
p . 103.
7. Rajendra Prasad, India Divided , p.206.
S. Schemes by A. Latiff, Hayatkhan,Punjabee k M .R .T .
9. R. Coupland, Constitutional Problem in India . Vol.Ill ,
p . 21.
10. Hector Bolitho, Jinnah, The Creator of Pakistan, p.115.
11. B.R.Ambedkar, Thoughts on Pakistan. p.110.
12. Quoted by R. Coupland , Constitutional Problem in India .
Part III , p. 13.
13. Pun.labi .Confederacy of India, pp. $1-55.
14. Based upon Savarkar V.D. Hindu Rashtra Darshan. 527
15. Ambedkar B .R ., Thoughts on Pakistan . p .51 , p.31 .
16. Rajendra Prasad, India Divided. p.76.
17. Mehta Patwardhan , Communal Triangle in India , p.10.
Id, Beni Prasad, The Hindu Muslim Question, p.
19. S.M.Jaffar quoted by Sapru Committee Constitutional
Proposals . pp.206-207.
20. Punjabi, Confederacy of India , p.153.
21. Panikkar K.M. , A Survey of Indian History. p.162.
22. R. Coupland , Constitutional Problem in India . Part I,p .22.
23. Noman, Muslim India , p.31 .
24. Hector Bolitho;, Jinnah , the Creator of Pakistan , p.44.
25. Sir Syed Ahmed, quoted by Coupland , Constitutional Problem
in India , Part I, p.15S.
26. Beni Prasad, Hindu-Muslim Question. p.41 .
27. Mehta-Patwardhan , Communal Triangle in India , p .239.
2d. Guru Mukh Nihal Singh , Presidential Address to Indian
Political Conference . 1943.
€9. Mehta-Patwardhan , Communal Triangle in India , p .79*
30. Beni Prasad, Hindu Muslim Question, p .23.
31. Jinnah, quoted by Noman, Muslim India , p .2 d 0 . 528
32. B.R.Ambedkar , Thoughts on Pakistan , p.333.
33. Quoted by Mehta-Patwardhan , Commimal Triangle in India .
p . 124.
34. Indian Annual Register. 1931. V o l . I I , p.23jg.
35. Punjabi, Confederacy of India . p .207.
36. Punjabi, Ibid. pp.l66-167.
37. M.R.T. (article) Indians Problem of Her Future
Constitution . p .33.
3S. M.R.T. Ibid. p.33.
39. Punjabi, Confederacy of India. pp.14^-151.
40. Rajendra Prasad , India Divided . p.^7.
41 . Beni Prasad, Hindu-Muslim Question . p.^5.
42. Quoted by Rajendra Prasad, India Divided . p.7.
43. Sapru Committee, Constitutional Proposals, pp.94-97.
44. Based upon V.D.Savarkar, Hindu Rashtra Darshan.
45. P. Griffiths, Modern India . p.73.
46. R. CoupIand , Constitutional Problem in India . Part I, p .46.
47. Quoted by R. Coupland, Ibid . Part I, p.75.
4S. Jinnah , Quoted by Noman, Muslim India. p,221. m
1^9* Jamil-ul-Din-Ahmed , (article) Indians Problem &
Her Constitution, p.130.
50. R. Coupland, Constitutional Problem in India . Part III,
p p .22-27.
51. B.R.Arabedkar , Thoujr.hts on Pakistan, p .40.
52. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Pakistan, The Formative Phase . p .101.
53. D .R .G a d g il, Fed 54» Reprinted in India’s Problem of her future Constitution, p p .22-29. 55. Morris Jones, Parliament in India, pp.77-7^. 56. Beni Prasad, Hindu Muslim Question . pp.70-72. 57. Beni Prasad, Ibid , pp.70-72. 5^. Jinnah , Muslim League Conference , Karachi , 8th Oct.-193B, cited in Bolitho, Jinnah - Creator of Pakistan. p .l l g . 59. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Pakistan; the Formative Phase , 194-195. 60. Bolitho, Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan. p.151. 61. Rajendra Prasad, India Divided . pp.1^4-194. 62. Rajendra Prasad, Ibid . pp.194-199. 63. Rajendra Prasad, Ibid , pp.353-359. 64. R. Coupland, Constitutional J^roblem inlndia , Chapter X, Regionalism, 65. Sapru Committee - Constitutional Proposals. 66. Nehru, C.A,D. , Vol.I, pp,57-60, 67. Nehru, Ibid. , pp.57-60. 6S. Khalid Bin Sayeed , Pakistan, The Formative Phase , p,6. 69. Acton - Essay on Nationality . Sfeyder (Editor) The Meaning of Nationalism. p,6. 70. Azad, India Wins Freedom . pp,143-144. 531 Chapter VII The Indian States 1. Desai A .R ,, Indian Feudal States & National Liberation Struggle, p.6. 2. Lord Canning, quoted by V.P.Memon, The Integration of Indian States . p.9. 3 . Butler Committee Report, p a r a .57. 4. V.P.Menon, Integration of Indian States , p.24. 5. Nehru Committee Report , p .72. 6. V.P.Menon, The Integration of Indian States, p.31. 7. V.P.Meaon , Ibid . p .41 . V.P.iVIenon, Ibid . p. 54. S(a) Gandhi .To the Princes and the People . p.30. 9. Gandhi . Ibid . p.74- 10. Pattabhi Sitaramayya , History of Indian National Congress > Vol.II , p .77. 11. V.P.Menon, Integration of Indian States . p.3. 12. V.P.Menon, Ibid . p.75. 13. V.P.Menon, Ibid , p.114. 14. V.P.Menon, Ibid, p.114. 15. R.Coupland, Constitutional Problem in India , Part III p .140. 532 16. V.P.Menon, The Integration of Indian States , p.157. 17. Harrison, India; The Most Dangerous Decades - p.155. IS. V.P.Menon, Integration of Indian States . p .10. 19. Panikkar K.M ., Indian States & The Government of India , p . 149. 20. Panikkar K.M. , Ibid . p.115. 21. Panikkar K.M. , Ibid . p . 24. 22. Panikkar, K.M. Ibid . p.47. 23. Panikkar, K.M. Ibid . p.104. Gurumukh Nihal Singh, India Princes k British India, p.104. 25. V.P.Menon, Integration of Indian States , p.232. 26. V.P.Menon, Ibid . p.237. 27. V.P.Menon, Ibid . p.46. 28. V.P.Menon, Ibid . p.75. 29. V.P.Menon, Ibid . p.4^8. 30. V.P.Menon, Ibid , p.4* 31. V.P.Menon , Ibid , p.4^8. 533 Chapter VIII Linguistic Set-up of India 1. Report of the Official Language Commission , p.S. 2. Hayes, Essays on Nationalism, p. 16. 3 . Hans|l 4 . Hanslkbha, Ibid . p. 14. 5. Emerson, From Empire to Nation , p p .133-35. 6. Han^ohn, Essays on Nationalism, p.14. 7. G.P.Schleicher , International Relations , Co-operation & Conflicts , p .59. S. Hayes, Essays on Nationalism, p.16. 9. Hayes, Ibid . p.1 6. 10. Emerson, From Empire to Nation . pp.133-134. 11 . Toynbee , One World & India , p.51. 12. C.P.Schleicher , International Relations , Co-operation & Conflicts , p.57. 13. Quoted by Schleicher, Ibid . p .57. 1 4. Hayes , Essays on Nationalism , p.16. 15. Quoted by Emerson, From Empire to Nation , p .203. M i 16. Quoted by Hanskohn , Nationalism, pp.66-67* 17. Par Commission Report, pp.32-33. 16. Emerson, From Empire to Nation , p .133. 19. Emerson, Ibid. p.139. 20. Emerson, Ibid. pp.133-134. 20(a) Official Language Commission Report, p.14* 21. Harrison, The Most Dangerous Decades , p.305. 22. K.M.Munshi, Gujarat & Its Literature , p.116. 23. V. Raghavan , Methods of Popular Religious Instructions in South India (Article) American Folklore Society , Vol.X. 24. Bhagwat Dnyaneswari - English Translation, Adhyay VI. 25. A.K.Priyolkar, Kesari , iVlay 11 , 1962. 26. K.M.Munshi, Gu.jarat & Its Literature . pp.115-116. 27. K.M.Munshi, Ibid. Bage 119- 2S. Mayadhar Mansinha , History of Oriya Literature. p .51. 29. B.C.Mujumdar, cited by feyadhar Mansinha , Ibid.pp.97-93« 30. Sukumar Sen, History of Bengali Literature. 31. Harrison, India; The Most Dangerous Decades , p .53. 32. K.M.Panikkar , The Foundations of New India , p.124. 33. K.M.Munshi , Linguistic Provinces & the Future of Bombay. p p .6-7. 34. Cited, in Sardar G.B. pp.6-7. 35. S.V.Kogekar, A Profile of Maharashtra (Article) Economic Weekly, Special Number June I 9 6 0 .p . 647- 36. Kesari, Nov. 17, 1^1. 37. Pattabhi Sitaramayya , History of Indian National Congress . Vol.II , p.147. 35. J.B.Kripalani , Whither India (Symposium) p.15. 39. Par Commission Report, p.10. 40. K.M.Mianshi, Gu.jarat & Its Literature:Introduction. 41. K.M.Munshi , Ibid. Introduction, 42. Mugali , Heritage of Karnatak, p .213. 43 . I .P .C .C . Memorandum. 21. 44. Mugali, Heritage of Karnatak . p.13, 45. A.P.C.C. Memorandum. Preface by N.G.Ranga, p.2. 46. A .P .C .C . Memorandum, p.1 . 47. Ibid.' 4d. Xavier S. Thaninayagm - Regional Nationalism (Article) Tamil Culture Vol. X Issue I. 536 49. Ib id . 50. I b i d . 51 . Mayadhar Mansinha , History of Qriya Literature . p.165. 52. Mayadhar Mansinha, Ibid. p.165. 53. Mayadhar Mansinha, Ibid. p. 244, 54. Mayadhar Mansinha, Ibid. p.167. 55. D.K.Bedekar, Samyukta Maharashtra . p.7^. 56. J.B.Kripalani , VVhither India (Symposium) , p.15. 57. K.M.Panikkar, S.R.C.Report . p.246. 5^. K.M.Panikkar, Ibid . p.246. 59. K.P.C.C. Memorandum, p.11. 6 0 . K.P.C.C. Memorandum , p . 11 . 61. L. Curtis, Letters to Indian People , p .5^. 62. Pattabhi Sitaramayya , History of the Indian National Congress , Vol. I , p.140. 63. I'fershall Windmiller, Linguistic Regionalism, p , 295. 64. J. Nehru, quoted by Harrison, India: The Host Dangerous Decades . p .276. 65. D.R.Gadgil, Some Observations on Draft Constitution: p .1 04. 66. K .P .G .C . Memorandum : p .19. 67. Ibid. p.19. ;5:3i Chapter IX Linguistic Regionalism 1 . Quoted by Harr^ison, India: the Most Dangerous Decades, p.1 56. 2. P.S.Deshmukh, C.A.D. . Vol. VII, p.41 7, 3. Dar Cotiunission Report, p .2 g . 4. C.A.D. Vol. IV p. Nov. 27, 1947. 5. Dar Commission Report, pp.32, 33. ^t)id. pp. 32, 33. 7* J .V .P . Committee Report, p .2. S. A .P .C .C . Memorandum to Dar Commission, pp. 1 & 2. 9 . K .P .C .C . Memorandum to Dar Commission, p .11 . 10. Ibid, p.11 . 11. D.R.Gadgil, Federal Problem in India, p.66. 12. D.R.Gadgil, Unification of l“laharashtra, p .2. 13 . K .P .C .C . Memorandum to Dar Commission, p .7 . 14. Cited in Dar Commission Report, p.32. 15. Ambedkar B.R., &laharashtra as a liinguistic State, p.4. 1 6 . K .P .C .C . Memorandum to Dar Commission, p .2. 539 17* Ambedkar B.R., I^'Iaharashtra As a Linguistic State, p. 5. 1^. Free Press Journal. Sept. 30, 1952. 19. Ibid. Sept. 30, 1952. 20. 3.R.C. Commission Report, p .229. 21 . Hindu. Jan. 1 , 1953. 22. S.R.C. Report, p.25. 23. S.R.C. Report, p.23. 24. Report of Indian Statutory Commission . Vol.II, para.3S. 25. I b i d . 26. S.R.C. Report, p.10. 27. Onlooker through Indian Eyes. Times of India. Oct. 13, 1955. 2B. Darem, The National Scene. Times of India. Feb. 9i 1955. 29. Times of India. Feb. U , 1955. 30. Darem, Imperialism. Times of India. f-Iay 12, 1955. 31. Mukerji, Reorganization of Indian States . p .66. 32. I b i d . p. 65. 33. A.D.Gorwala, For Lasting Solution. p. 34. Times of India. Oct. 19, 1965, & Jan. 21 , 1956. 5,^0 S.R.C. Report, ip .119 • Ibid, p. 11 6. A.D.Gorwala, For a Lasting Solution. P .V .K a n e , Ra.iya Sabha Debates on S.R Times of India, Oct. 19, 1955. Times of India, Oct. 24, 1955. Times of India. Oct. 11, 1955. Times of India, Oct. 1 5 , 1955. Times of India, Oct. 15, 1955. Times of India, Oct. 17 , 1955. Times of India, Oct. 22, 1955. ► Times of India, Oct. 26, 1955. 47. Bombay Legislative Assembly Debates on S.R.C.Report. April 5, 1955. 4S. Times of India, Dec« 22, 1955. 49. Times of India, Jan. 1 5, 1956. 50. C.D.Deshmukh, Lok Sabha debates, July 25, 1956. 51. Lok Sabha Debates, July 24, 1956. 52. Times of India, Feb. 21 , 1956. : m 53* Quoted in ’Justice Shall Prevail*, p.4^. (S.M.S.Publication) 54* Times of India, Jan. 25, 1956. 55. Times of India. Jan. 2S, 1956. 56. Times of India, Jan. 2S, 1956. 57. Kesari. March 24, 1957. 5S. S.M.Samiti, or Party, p.1. 59. Ra.jya Sabha Debates, p. 60. Leelavati Munshi, Ra.lya Sabha Debates on S.R.C.Report. p. 106. 61. Leelavati Munshi, Ra.jya Sabha Debates. Aiig. 17 , 1956. 62. Times of India. Aug. 17, 1956. 63. Kesari. Aug. 26, 1956. 64. Kesari. Sept. 27, 1956. 65. Times of India. Oct. 4, 1956. 66. Kesari. Gu.larat News Letter, Oct. 16, 1956. 67. Times of India. Sept. 20, 1956. 6S. Times of India, tlarch 27, 1957. 69. Kesari, June 9 , 1957. 70 . K e sa ri. June 9, 1957. 71. K e sa ri, June 21, 1957. 72. Times of India, Oct. 23, 195^. 73. Quoted by Harrison, In d ia : The Ifest Dangerous Decades, p p .294-295. 74* Shankar Narayan, quoted by Harrison, India: the I^Iost Dangerous Decades, p .175. 75. Communism In In d ia , p . 505. 76. Harrison, India: The Most Dangerous Decades, pp.264-265. 77. Communism in India, p.505. 7S. Communism in In d ia , p .323. 79. Communism in India, p.323. go. Ra.iya Sabha Debates on S . R. C. Report, p.127. V SI . Lok Sabha Report on S.R.C., Dec. 14. 1955. S2. Hajya Sabha Debates on S.R.C., p . 24. S3. Ra.iya Sabha Debates on S •R.C ., pp.418-419. S4. Ra.iya Sabha Debates on S . R . C . . pp. 41 S-419 . S5. Rajya Sabha Debates on S . R . C., pp. 41 S-419. S6. Ra.iya Sabha Debates on S.R.C., p p .206 & 21 2. 543 37. Ra.jya Sabha Debates on S.R .C ., p.391 • Also refer to B.G.Ghosh, p.25. 58. Ra.-fya Sabha Debates on S.R .C ., p.197. B9- Ibid Leelavati Mimshi & N.B.Deshmukh, p. 192, 90. Ra.lya Sabha Debates on S.R.G., p.100. 91. Times of India, Dec. 22, 1955. 92. Times of India, Dec. 22, 1955. 93. Times of India, Jan. 25, 1956. ^4. Hindu, Jan. 25, 1956. 95. Hindu, Jan. 25, 1956. 96. Hindustan Times . Jan. 25, 1956. 97. Times of India, Jan. 25, 1956. 9B, Times of India, Feb. 2, 1956. 99. Times of India, Feb. 4, 1956. 190. Times of In d ia , Feb. B, 1956. 101. Times of India, Feb. 19, 1956. 102. Indian Press Digest, p.90. 103. Ibid, p. 93. 104. Ibid . p.94. 544 105. Times of India, ^lay 4, 1956. 106. Kesari. Aug.30, 1959* 107. Times of India, friarch 12, I9 60 . lOS. Maharashtra Members* Report on Be3.g;aum, p p .24-26. 109. Gauhatti Commission Report, p.4. 110. Goreshwar Enquiry Commission. • 111. Times of India, July 29, I960. 112. Goreshwar Enquiry Commission. 113. Hindustan Times, July 10, 1960. 114. Goreshwar Enquiry Comrrdssion.^epg^^ • 115. Times of India, Feb. I 4 , 1961. 116. Hindu, Gauhatti News Letter, Aug. 196O. 117. Amrit Bazar Patrica, Sept. 4, I960. For a similar observation refer to Enquiry Commis sion Report on Gauhatti Firing fc Enquiry Commis sion Report on Goreshwar Disturbances, Sept.4, I960. 11^. Amrit Bazar Patrica, Sept. 4, I 96O. 119. Amrit Bazar Patrica. Sept. 4, I960. 120. Times of India , July 21, I 96O. 545 121. Economic Weekly, Sept. 10, I960. 122. Enquiry Commission Report on Gauhatti Firing, p.14« 4 Also refer to J.B.Kripalani, Whither India {Symposium) p. 3 1 . 123. Hindu, Oct. 22, I 96O. 124. Hindu. Aug. 23, I 96O. 125. Hindu, Aug, 23, 1960. 126. Hindustan Times , Sept. k-, I960. 127. Easwar Sagar, Assam*s Ordeal & The Task Ahead. Hindu. Aug. 24, I 96O. 12s. S.R.C. Report. p.141. 129. S.R.C. Report. p.U2. 130. An Interview with Tarasingh, Reported by Prem Bhatia, Times of India, I^y 14i 1961. 546 Chapter X Economic Aspect of Regionalism 1. Myron Weiner, Politics of Scarcity, p.225. 2.Myron Weiner, Ibid , pp.1-2. 3. K.Santhanara, Transition in India , p.173. 4 . V .V .G ir i , Whither India (Symposiian) p p .70-71 . 5.Sampurnanand Committee Report, p . 23. — , ,z := -L a a ■ 6. J.B.Kripalani , Whither India (Symposium) , p.16. 7. K.P.Mukerji, Reorganization of Indian States . pp.30-31. V.V.G iri, IvTiither India (Symposium) pp.70-71 . 9. K.M.Panikkar, Foundations of New India , pp.225-226. 10. K.P.Miikerji , Reorganization of Indian States , p.3S. 11. K.P.Mukerji , Ibid , p.3S'. 12. G.V.Deshmukh , cited in Bombay Legislative Assembly Debates on S.R.C. April 21 , 1956. 13. S.M.Parishad , Maharashtra Case before Par Commission , p .14. H . G .P .C .C . Memorandum to S .R .C . p .^ . Also refer to Mahagu.jarat Parishad Memorandum presented to S.R.C. , p .55. 15. Lilavati Munshi , Ra.jya Sabha Debates on S .R .C . . p. 106. 16. B.R.Ambedkar, Thoughts on Linguistic State . p . 24. 17. P. Subbaroyan , Ra.jya Sabha Debates, on S.P.O. , p. 130, Id. P. Venkanta Narayan , Ibid . p.206. 19, P.M.Joshi, Bombay Legislative Assembly Debates on S.E.G. March 2? , 1956. 20. S.R.C. Report, p.175. 21 . Ibid . p.175. 22. Ibid . p. 140. 23. Ibid . p . 230. 24. Ibid . p. 230. 25. K.Santhanam, Union States Relations in India . p,68, 26. Amrit Bazar Patrika . March 21 , I960. 27. Ibid . March 21 , I 96O. 23. Ibid, August 3, 1960. 29. Report of the Enquiry Commission into the Police Firing Incident of 4th July. I960, at Gauhati . p.10. 30. Ibid , p.11. 31. Times of India, Jan. S, 1954* 32. Hindu, February 6, 1965. 33. Hindu. March 29, 1956. 34. Kesari , August 28, 1962. 35. S.R.C. Report^ p .224. 36. Times of India . September 13, 1955. 37. Kesari , October 30, I960. Times of India , October 6, I960. 39. Ibid. April 16, 1963. 40. Times of India , February 7, 1963. 41. C.A.D. Vol.V. pp.201-202. 42 . Ib id . 43. G.I.Mehta, C.A.D. Vol. V . p.^4. 44. Times of India . December 10, 1961. 45. Hindu. December 22, 1961 . 46. Economic Weekly , April 10, 1965. 47. Hindu. September 11 , 1962. 4^, N.V.Gadgil, Times of India . April 16, 1963 49. Kesari , June 27, 1965. 50. Times of India .March , 1965. 549 Kesari . July 3, 1963. 52. Hindustan Standard , October 1963. 53. Amrit Bazar Patrika, July 20, 1960. 54. Hindu. Delhi News letter, August 21 , 1960. 55. Times of India . February 2S, 1959. 56. Times of India. July 8, 1965. 57. Hindu. October 2g , 1961. 5S. Lok^ Sabha Debates . April 13, 1963. 59. K. Santhanam, Transition inlndia . p.1?2. 60. Times of India , September 29, 1965. 61. Sampurnanand Committee Report, p .24. 62. Quoted by S.P.Aiyer, Essays on Indian Federaiien. p.119. 63. K.M.Panikkar, Foundations of New India , p.242. 64. Myron Weiner, Politics of Scarcity, p.75. 65. Disintegration: How to Avert It. (Symposium) , p. 23. 66. Ibid, pp.27-2^. 67. Myron Weiner, Politics of Scarcity , p.36. 6^. Myron Weiner, Ibid , p.242. 69. Hindu, July 2, 1962. 70. K.M.Panikkar, Geographical Factors in Indian History, pp.110-111. 550 Chapter XI Problem of Common Language 1. R.L.Hardgrave (Jr.) , Dravidian i^Iovement . p. 2?. 2. Ramanathan Chettiar, Lok Sabha Debates . Vol.XVII, C o I.11721 . 3. C.A.D. Vol. VII , p.235. 4. C.A.D. Vol. IX, p.1317. 5. C.A.D. Vol. IX, p.1371. 6. C.A.D. Vol. IX, pp.1371-73. 7. C.A.D. Vol. IX, p. 135a. C.A.D. Vol. IX, p.1420. 9. C.A.D. Vol. IX, p.1397. 10. C.A.D. Vol. VII, pp.234-235. 11. B.R. Ambedkar, Thoughts on Linguistic States, p.14. 12. Official Language Commission Report . p.31 . 13. K.M.Munshi, Disintegration of India: How to Avert It. (Symposium) p .52. 14. P* Subbarqyan, O.I.C. Report, p.316. 15. K.M.Munshi, Disintegration of India: How to Avert I t , (Symposiiim) p . 51. 5 5 1 16. B.G.Kher, O.I.C. Report, Accompanying letter to the President. 17 . P. Subbarayan, S.K.Chatterji O.L.C.Report , p.319. p . 282. 18. P.Subbarqyan, O.L.C. Report, p.317. 19. C. Rajagopalachari. Let English Continue, Times of India. Feb.1 5, 195^. 20. I b i d . 21. Sir Ivor Jennings, The Commonwealth in A s ia , p . 48, Quoted by M.P.Desai, O.L.C. Report, p.389. 22. C.Subramanium, Hindu, Oct. 1 ,1955. 23. The Hindu, Jan. 1 0 , 1956. 24. The University Education Committee Report, 1 9 4 9 . Part I, p.478. 25. Harrison, India: The Most Dangerous Decades, p.78. 26. O.L.C. Report, p. 27. Times of India . September 3 , 1956. 28. Ibid , September 3, 1956. 29. Hindu. Dec. 22, 1956. 30. Hindu. Oct. 31 , 1956. 552 31 . Hindu. Oct. 31 , 1956. 32. Hindu. Dec. 22, 1957. 33. Times of India , Jan.13, 1956. 34. Times of India, Jan.1^, 1956. 35. Hindu, Feb. 12, 195^. 36 . Hindu, IViarch 21 , 195^. 37. H in d u . i^'iarch 21 , 195^. 3^. Lok Sabha Debates , Aug. 7, 1959. 39. Soumendra Nath Tagore, All India Language Conference held on i^larch 9, 195^. Reported in Times of In d ia . 40. Observer, Times of India, Jan. 233, 195S. 41. Cited by S.Mohan Kumarmangalam, India Language Crisis, p.15. 42. O.L.C. Report, p.31. 42A. Times of India . Oct. 2, 1961. 43. Times of India. Sept. 29, 1961 . 44. Hindu, Sept. 25, 1962. 45. Lai Bahadur Shastri , Hindu. Jan.2, 1963. 46. Hindu. Oct. 4, 1962. 47. Times of Xndia, April, 25, 1963. 4S. Hindu. April 22, 1963. i • 49. Ibid , April 3, 1963. 50. K.Manoharam, LokjlSabha Debates. V o l.X V II . C o ls .11669- 11 651 . 51. Hindu. April 2 5, 1963. 52. Hindu. April 25, 1963. 53. Harekrusna Mehtab, Lok^abha Debates, Vol.XVII, Cols.11665-11669. 54. Harekrusna Mehtab, Lok Sabha Debates. Vol.XVII, 55. Hem Barua, Lok Sabha Debates. Vol.XVII, Col.11460. 56. Hindu, April 24, 1963. 57. Hindu. April 24, 1963. 5B, Ramsevak Yadav , Lok Sabha Debates. Vol.XVII, Col,11731 59. Hindu. April 26, 1963. 60. Times of India . Feb. 3, 1965. 61. Hindu. Feb. 23, 1965. 62. Annadurai Press Conference. Hindu. Feb 7, 196^. 63. H in d u . Feb 13 , 1965. Times of India. Feb. 14, 1965. 64. Hindu. Feb. 17, 196$. 65. Hindu. Feb. 15, 1965. 66. Kesari, March 3, 1965. 67. Hindu. Jan. 29, 1965. 63. Hindu. Feb. 23, 196^1. 69. Times of India. Feb. 25, 1965. 70. Kesari. March 3 , 1965. f 71. Hindu. Feb. 16, 1965. 72. Hindu. Feb. 16, 1965. 73. Times of India. Feb. 14, 1965. 74. Rajendra Prasad, Independence Day speech at Madras, I960. Hindu. August 17, I960. 75. Times of India. June 19, 1965. 76. H.M,Patel, Disintegration of India: How to Avert it. p .31. 77. Satyakatha . March 1965. 7S. Hindu. Feb. 16, 1965. 555 Chapter XII The Dravidian Threat 1, K.M.Panikkar, Geographical Factors In India’s History, p .10 9. 3. B.R.Ambedkar, Thoughts on Linguistic States, pp.14,15* 4. C.A.D.. Vol. IV, p.321 . 5. C.A.D.. Vol. IV, p.337. 6. Ambedkar, Thoughts on Linguistic States, pp.14, 15. 7. Harrison, Indiaithe Most Dangerous Decades, p.307. 3. D.R.Gadgil, Federating India, p.20. 9. Rajagopalachari, Times of India. Nov, 27, 1955. 10. Kamil Zvalebil, Tamil Poetry: Two Thousand Years Ago. (Article), Tamil Culture. 1 9 6 3. Vol.X. No2. 11. Xavier S. Thani ±±MqpK. Nayogam, Regional Nationalism & Tamil Literature. Tamil Culture (article) Vol. X, No.1. 12. Xavier S. Thani Nayo^gam, Regional Nationalism & Tamil Literature. (article) Tamil Culture. Vol. X, No.1 13. Tamil Culture. Vol. X, No.1. 14. M.N.Shrinivas, Caste in Modern India (article) Journal of Asian Studies. August, 1957* 556 15. B.R,Ambedkar, Annihilation of Caate . p .57. 16. Robert L, Hardgrave (Jr.) Dravldian Movembnt. p.13. 17. Xavier S. Thani Nayagam , Regional Nationalism, Tamil Literature. Tamil Cialture. Vol.X, No.1 . Id. Justice Party Manifesto. 1916. 19. Quoted by R.L.Hardgrofve, Dravidian Movement . p .24. 20. Ramswami Naicker, Speech at Salem, The Sunday Observer. April 2S, 1940.- Also refer to Gopal Che tty. Sunday Observer - 14ay 5» 1940. 21. The Sunday Observer. April 2S, 1940. 22. Dravidian Movement. A Retrospect, p .50. 23. R.L.Hardgrave, The Dravidian fevement. p.36. 24. Quoted by Harrison, India: The Most Dangerous Decades. p.1 S6. 25. R.L.Hardgrave, Dravidian Movement, p .47. 26. Hindu, Feb. I 4 , 1957. 27. R.L.Hardgrave, Dravidian Movement, p .57. 2B . Ajoy Ghosh, Quoted by Hardjrave, Dravidian Kiovement, p .41 . 29. Times of India. May 2 7 , 1956. 30. R.L.Hardgrave, Dravidian Movement, p .65. 557 ^ • Times of In d ia , May 3, 1961 . 32. Times of India. May 3, 1961. 33. Naicker, Speech at Valor. April 5, 1951 , Reported in Hindu. 34. Times of India, Dec. 20, 1961 . 35. liiustrated Weekly of India , Nov. 26, 1965. 36. Times of India. Feb. 13, 1963. 37. Hindu. Nov. 4, 1963. 3^. Illustrated Weekly af India . Nov. 26, 1965. 39. Interview by the Author. I'^Iarch B, 1965. 40. Interview by the Author. March S, 1965. 41. Illustrated Weekly of India . Nov. 26, 1965. 42. Chitrasen, Hindustan Standard. Nov. 1963. 43. Economic Weekly, June 20, 1964. 44. R.L.Hardgrave. Dravidian fevement, p.4^. 45. Hindu. April 1 5, 1961 . 46. Hindu. Feb. 1 5, 1965. 47. Xavier S. Thani Nayagam, Regional Nationalism in Tamil Literature, Vol. X. , N0I . 4^. Hindu. Nov. 6, 1963. 558 Chapter XIII Concluding Remarks 1 . Sir John Strachey, India: Its Administration & Progress p . 4. 2. Sir John R,* Seeley , The Expansion of England . p.92. 3. Par Ciommission Report, p . 10 . 4. S.R.C. Report, p.43. 5. K.M.Panikkar, Foundations of New India, p . 225, also refer to Lok Sabha Debates on S .R .C . , p .1 6 0 . 6. James Bryce, Modern Democracies, p.49. 7. Hans Kohn, Essays .on Nationalism. p .25. 6. C. Rajagopalachari , Our Democracy . p. 37- 9 . The Times of In d i a . May 11 , 1955 , Jan. 29 > 1956. 10. Ghurye, Caste & Class in India. p.176. 11. Hindu. Feb. 11 , 1956. 12. Myron Weiner, Politics of Scarcity . p.36. 13. V.M.Sirsikar, Political Leadership in India. (article) Economic Weekly. March 20, 1965., p .517. 14. J .B .K r ip a la n i, After Nehru. Economic Weekly, Special Number, July 1964* 559 1 J.B.Kripalani , After Nehru, Economic Vu'eekly, Special Number, July 1964. 1 6 . V.G.Ramachandran, in S.P.Aiyar & Usha Mehta, (Editors) Aspects of Federalism of India, p.69• 1 7. Times of India , July 1 7, 1965. 1S. Emerson, From Empire to N a tio n , p .133. 19 . Myron Weiner, Party Politics in India, p.245. 20. Myron Weiner, Ibid, p.245. ^ 21. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Pakistan, The Formative Phase, p.300. / 22. Emerson, From Empire to Nation, p. 143. 23. B.R.Ambedkar, Maharashtra as a Linguistic State, p.7. 24. S.P.Aiyar, Federalism & Social Chanf;e, p.49. 25. R. Coupland, TheConstitutional Problem in India, Part I Introduction, p. v, 26. M .N .R o y, Illustrated V/eekly of In d ia , June 1 4 , 1953. 27. Boyd C. Shafer, Nationalism: fcyth fc Reality. p .54. 25. S.P.Aiyar, Federalism of Social Change. pp.l65-l66. 29. Cited in Harrison, India, the Most Dangerous Decades. p. 329. 560 30. G.B.Pant, Cited in Essays of Indian Federalism. p,12S. 31. Morris Jones, Parliament, In India. p.Jl6. 32. C. Rajagopalachari, Our Democracy, p.36. 33. Earnest Renan, quoted by Emerson, From Empire to Nation, p.149. 578. APPENDIX IV Some Regional Patriotic Songs MA TELUGU THALLIKI Ma Telugu Thalliki Malle Pundhanda Ma Kannathalliki Bfeingala arathulu Kadupulo Bangaru - Kanuchupulo Kanina Chirunavvulo Sirulu - doralinchti mathalli Gata Gata Godari - Kadali pothunte Bira bira Krushnarama - Parugia liduthunte Bangarupantali Panduthajm Muripela Nbthyalu - dorluthunlayu Amaravatkiguhala Apnrapa Silpalu Thyagayya Gonthulo - Tharadunadhalu Thlkasrya Kalamulo - Thiyyadanalu Nityamayee Nikhilamayee - Nilichi3rundddhaka Rudharamma Bhujasakthi Mallamma pathi bakhti Thimmarusn dhiyukthi - Krushnarayani kirtM Ma chevulu ringuraani - marumrogedaka Nec Aatale Aadatham Nec patale Padutham Jai Telnga thallil Jai Telugu thalli. Jai Telugu thalli. (Translation) We offer to our mother of Andhra a garland of Jasmine and manglaharathulu Gold is in (her) womb, kindness in (her) eyes and Diamonds flow from (her) raotith when she smiles. When Godavari (river) flows making the melodious Voice 'gat a gat a* and Krishna rushes Making the sound *birabira* golden crops will Bloom and diamonds w ill flow. So long the beauty of Sculptures of Ambaravathi, The melodious Thyagayya’ s psalms, the Sweet Flow from the pen of Thikkayya, flourish; and So long we remember the mighty deeds of Dauntless Rudhramma (Queen of Kakathuya Empire), The devotion of Malamma towards her husband, the Wisdom of Thimmarusn, and the fame of Krishnadevaraya, we play singing your songs. Victory to you, mother of Andhral Victory to you Wfother of Andhral Victory to you, mother of Andhral From *Ma Telugu t h a lli" 0 MOR APONAR DESK 0 raor aponar desh 0 mor sikoni desh Anekhon suala Anekhon suphala Anekhon marami desh 0 mor opaja th^ 0 mor Asomi ai Sai lonw abar >fcikhani tomar Hepah mor polowa nai 0 mor suria mat 0 mor suadi mat Prithivir koto bisari nopowa Janamto karilewo pat 0 MOR APONAR DESK (Translation) 0 my dear land 0 my excellent land Elegant and charming Blessed with choicest fruits Tou are our beloved land. 0 the land where I was born 0 my mother, Asomi Let me have a look, once At your face For my thirst has not yet quenched. 0 the voice that is mine, most musical 0 the voice that is mine, sweetest You never get another in this earth Even though the search be for a lifetime, AMAR SONAR BANGLA Amar Sonar Bangla, 5mi Tomay Bhaloboshi Chirdin tomar akash, tomar batas prane bajay bashi, 0 ma, Fagune tor araer bane ghrane pagal kare mari hay hay re - 0 ma, agrahe tomar khete kee dekheehhi madhur hasi Kee shobha, kee mayago, kee sneh, kee mayago - Kee anchal bichiyechh vater mule, nadir kulekule Ma, tor mukter bane amar kaner lage sudhar mato, ma hay, hay re - Ma, tor vadan khani, malin hole ami nayanjale bhasi Tomar ei khelaghare shishukal katil re, Tomari dhulamati ange makhi dhanya jeevan mani Tui din furale sandyakale kee deep jvalis ghare, Mari hay hay re - Takhan khela dhula sakal feli tomar kole ehhute asi Dhenu-chara tomar mathe, pare jabar bheyaghate Saradin pakhi-daka chhayay dhaka tomar pallibate Tomar thane bhara anginate jeevaner din kate, Mari hay hay re - Amar ye bhai tara sabai tomar rakhal tomar chhashi 0 ma, tor charanete delem ei matha pete De go tor payer dhula, se ye amar mayar manik hal 0 Ma, gariber dhan ya aihhe tai div charantale, Mari hay hay re - Ami parer ghare kinab na ae bhushan bale galar fansi - Rabindra Nath Tagore 1905. m OH MT G a D E N BENGALI (Translation) 0 my Golden Bengali I adore you All day long your sky and wind play flute in my heart Fragrance of your mango groves madden me in the month of ' Falguna In the month of Margsheersh there is a smile on your fields. 0 my GodI What beauty, what shadow, irtiat love, what affection, »Aiat heart is strewn at the bottom of banian trees and on the banks of rivers everywhereI MotherI words from your mouth are like nectar to me. 0 my GodI If your face is sad motherI my eyes are full of tears. In this very play-house of yours I passed my childhood. Besmearing my body in your dust I got the satisfaction of my life. How you light lamps in every house at even tide when day is over I 0 my GodI §86 At that time I come to your lap leaving all play, Cows graze in yonr pastures On the wharf ©f boats and on the roads of Tillages Birds sing and shadows fall. In your fields full of grains days of life were spent. 0 my Godl Your guards and cultivators are my kinsmen. Mother, I bow my head before your feet Dust at your feet will be diamond on my head, 0 mother, I shall pour wealth of poor at your feet 0 my God! 1 shall never purchase in other house a hanging rope taking it to be an ornament. - Rabindra Math Tagore 1905. JAY JAY GARAVI GUJERAT! Jay jay Garavi Gujerati Jay jay Garavi Gujerati Dipe aranu parbhat Dhvaja prakashashe zalalalala kusurabi premshaurye ankit Tun bhanava bhanava nij santati saune prembhaktini rit Unchi unchi tuj suder jat. Uttararaan Araba mat, Puravaraan Kati mat, Chhe dakshin dishraan karanta Raksha Kunteshwar Mahadeo; Ne Somnath ne Dwarkesh pashchim kerade© Chhe sahayainan sakshat Jay jay Garavi Gujerati Nadi Tapi Narmada joya Mahi ne biji pan joya Vali joy subhatana judha ramanne ratnakar sagar, Parvat uperathi vir purvajo de ashish jaykar Sainpe sohe sahm jat* 588 Te Anhilvadana rang Te Sidharaj Jaysinh Te rang thaki pan adhik saras rang Thashe satvare matI Shubha shakun dise madhyanak shobhashe Vlti gai chhe rat - Tan ghume Narmada sath Purvaj jena, je vali aje, janma thanki Gujerati vadya, KoI ritnl to pan, ne vali aryadharmne Rakhi rahya, TenI ten! chhe Gujerat, pachhi hoy gamete jat. Valx paradeshi bija jene bhumie pali mot karya, Pardharmi pan hit ichhanara mat tann te bhai tharya, Teni teni chhe Gujerat, pachhi hoy game te jat, Narmad kahe Gujerati bhaio, matane arthe samp dhare, Khante bhandhan todi rahe, sahu zuzi jaysukh jame bhare. Premshauryane kari prakhyat, te te sahtini chhe Gujerat. - Narmad 1864. 589 HAIL, HAIL, GLOREOUS GUJERAT! (Translation) Hail, Hail, Glorious Gtijeratl Hail, Hail, Glorious Gujeratl The rosy (golden) dawn blooms (shines) again The saffron colour furls and flaps Inscribed with love and valour Revealing for posterity axioms of love and devotion Befitting your lofty breed. The nAiole of Gujerat is protected and looked after by Gods and Goddesses. Amba Goddess protects the North, Kali Goddess the East, God Kunteshwar the South, and Gods Somanath and Dwarkesh protect the West. The great ancestors know the rivers Tapi, Narmada, Mahi and others, As also the battles of the brave And the sea-abode of jewels. From the top of the mountains Flow their blessings, Carrying the goodwill of peace amongst a l l . 580 The glory that was Anhilwada and The greatness that was of Jaysinh Siddharaja, Qh Mother I w ill soon be achieved and more The dark ni^t (of inaction) is at a close With good omens forbearing a b r i ^ t midday (of progress) For which the march has commenced With Narmad and a l l . Gujerat belongs to all those Whose ancestors from birth Gujerat in any form And followed Arya religion irrespectire of caste and creed. Gujerat also belor^gs to a ll those, Foreigners vAio received shelter and nourishment here. Aliens but wellwishers of mother land are treated As brothers oblivious of caste and creed, Narmad fe e ls that those who for the sake of motherland tried for unity, Perseverance the shackles broke, And made love atid devotion renowned To them all Gujerat belongs Hail Glorious Gujerat I - Narmad 1864. 591 UDATAWiGALI MAMMA CHELUWA KANNADA NlDO • • Udayawagali narama cheluwa Kannada nada • • Baduka baluhina nidhiyu sadabhimanada gada Rajanyaripu parashmdkarana Jananiya nadu Ajaladhiyase jigida hanumaBudisida nadu Ojeyim meredarasugala sahasada sadu • • Tejawanu naaaagiwa Wlrawrandada Bidti (l) Lekkagamitakshararu beledu raerediha nadu • • Jakkanana shilpakaleyachchariya karamadu • ♦ Chokka matagala Saridawarigidu nelewTdu Bokkasada kanaja waiwidhyateya kadu (2) • • Pawaneyara krishne-bhlmeyara taynadu • • • Kaweri-godeyaru maidolewa nalunadu • • Swagam sphurtisuwa kabbigaradi hadu Kawa gadugina Viranarayanana bidu (3) Narayanrao Huilgol. (Composed on the occasion of the sixth centenary of the Vijayanagar Empire) LET OUR BEAUTIFUL KANNADA COUNTRY RISE (Translation) Let otir beautiful Kannada country rise Treasure of life and strength, nest of pride /Refrain/ The country of the mother of the one armed with axe (Parashurama) who was the enemy of Kshatriyas, The country where Hanuman, who took a jump across that sea, was born, A bundle of courageous deeds of kings who flourished in a row (continuously). An abode of the multitude of heroes who lend us lustre (1) A country where innumerable literary figures grew and flourished, A lofty mansion wondrous with Jakkana*s sculpture and architecture An abode for those who proclaimed pure tenets A dense thicket of varieties in treasure and food-grains (2) The mother land of the holy Krishna and Bhima (rivers) The beautiful land where the Kaveri and the Godavari bathe, This is the song of ever-inspiring poets (bards), The camp (abode) of Vir Narayana of Gadag (our) Protector (3) - Narayanrao Huilgol (Composed on the occasion of the sixth centenary of the Vijayanagar Empire) 593 KERALA GANAM I Jaya jaya komal Keral dharani • • Jaya jaya mamaka pujita janani Jaya jaya pavana bharata harini Jaya jaya dharma saraanvaya vamani • Jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya janaai JanaBi mamaka Kerala dharani Cera pmratana pavan carite Arya kulola kada bhargava nirade Drarida parivrtha vanidel mahidel * • • ^ t Dravida samskrta vamsojvalidel • • Bharata ranabhuvi virajananam Bhojana dina saraulsuka caride Jaya jaya komala Kerala dharani • • Jaya jaya mamaka pujita janani II Premadamakum pramadavanam tan »_ - Samala sundara innude rajyam! Malayaja surabhila marudanelkum Malayalam hal mamaka rajyam! 595 Kalraaka taru nigarangala nirakam Kalpida vaneaiiuda rajyaml Marakata manikala anarkhajfi maniftyum Pavilat tavigal idakyu telafiyuai • • ^ I Mariea manohara ledika slesid Tarunir tinaum mamaka rajyam Pallava vijayam melle vidar t\m Valligal tulyuA kulyanivahan Kalagala modi inafti varunnuru • • Salila samrddham mamaka rajyam Jaya jaya komala Kerala dharanl Jaya jaya mamaka pujita jananl III Pascima jaladhi tarafta valitan Utsrda sital sikara sevyam Vistrta bhuvana kala nilayo pari Nisthula manalin mohana kavyam Kunda lata pari sevita nilayam Sundara ketaka bhusita valayara Campaka kuvalaya kuvala nivahsm Jrambhita surabhila minnude rajyam Jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya janani Jananl mamaka Kerala dharani Madhava masam nyajagala kannum Vasanda srI anudita mivide Mohana khaga gana kujana rajita Mohada vadika minnude rajyam Jatimatandhya madandha edrkam Bodha vibhavita minnude rajyam Sarya svatantra samasthiti dayakara Sarvajaniaa kulina yuvattvam Nityavm raengu kudiccuyerunnidu Nirbhaya madutaa mamaka rajyam Jaya jaya komala Kerala dharani • • Jaya jaya mamaka p ujita janani IV PalulittunuM puntakil cartum Lolakal vilasum malayalattil Puttanilanippu mana muttirum Snigdhakal maravma m alayalattil ^ t Candana mallyum caru kisora kar Bandhmra mikum malayala t t il ^ t ^ Tunca saki kalakantha ninadam • • Tanjw mamaka malayalo t t il Mamaka moham mamaka geham Mamaka nakam mimaka vilayam Nikhila caracara purita ramye Sakala tananvaya bhusita dhanye 596 Jaya jaya komala Kerala dharanl • « Jaya jaya mainaka pujita janani Jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya janani Janani mamaka Kerala dharanl - S r i . Bhodhe swaran 1927. KERALA GANAM (Translation) I Oht my mother land, you are beautiftil and I worship you as my mother, le t your name be victorious. Being the most beautiful part of pious Bharath, you are accredited for charity. Your noble history starts from your creation by Bhargava (Parasu Ram) and was excelled by Chera rulers (They ruled K e ra la ). Ohl noble lady of the Dravidian fam ily, you by the mingling of Sanskrit have become more beautiful. You are famous for feeding the great warriors in India’ s battle f i e l d . II My mother land is enriched with natural beauty. The pleasani breeze from Sahiyadri comes to my land. With fu ll of Kalpa (coconut tree) trees my land is like an imaginary world. Wearing beautiful and priceless diamonds throu^ the body anc pearls beneath, my country is glittering. With beautiful trees and encircled by creepers like peacock feather, my mother land flourishes. My land is enriched by beautiful rivers also, III Gold breeze from the waves of the western sea serves my land as a servant. It is like a Mahakaviya in a vast land of 598 literature. Different type of flowers make my country beautiful. % land is like a garden in flowering time with sweet singing of birds. We do not give place for religious fanatics. Young blood with fearless nature believing in independence, daily springs in our land, IV The place where beautiful damsels wear milky white dresses, the place \i^ere Sandal and other spices grow, the place where the bird of "Thunchan" (the writer of malayalam Ramayana), that land of malayalam, that is my desire, that is my abode, that is my heaven. Oh! my beautiful mother land, let your name be victorious. - S r i . Bhodhe swaran 1927. 599 MAHARASHTRA GEET Bahu asot sundar sampanna ki maha Priya amucha ek Maharashtra desh ha - Dhru. - Gaganabhedi girivina anu nacha tithen unen Akankshapmdhati jithen gagana thenganen Atakewari jethil turangin jal pinen Teth ade kaya jalashaya nadanvine? Pourushasi ataka game jetha duhsaha (l) Prasada kashas jetha hridaya raanditen Sadbhavanchich bhavya divya agaren Ratnan wa mouktikanhin mulya mulinnure/i Ramanichi koos jithen nrumanikhani thare Shudha tichen sheelahi usalavi gruha gniha (2) Nagna khadga karin; ughade baghuni mavale Chaturanga chamuchenhi shourya mavale Doudat chahunkaduni jawen swar jethale Bhasati shatagunita jari asati ekale Yannama parisuni ripu shamitbala aha (3) Vikrama vairagya eka jagin nandati Jaripataka bhagawa zendahi dolati Dhanna rajakarana saraawet chalati Shakti yukti ekawatuni karya sadhiti Pasare yatkirti a|jla|i wismayawaha (4) Geet Marathyanche shravani muMhi aso Sphoorti deepti dhmtihi deta antari thaso Wachani lekhanihi Marathi gira diso Satata Maharashtradharmamarma roani was© Deha pad© tatkaranin he ase spruha (5) - Shreepad Krishna Kolhatkar MAHARASHTRA GEET (Translation) Let there be regions rich and beautiful in the world Maharashtra only is dear to us. No corner is without sky-high mountains, The sky looks dwarfish before the ambitions, Where horses drink beyond the border What of great rivers and seas? (Maharashtra can do without it) Here valour knows no bounds (1) Why palaces? Here the temples of hearts kre full of sentiments great and sublime. No vsilue is attached to pearls and diamonds. Womb of woman here is full of gems of men. Her celebacy illumines every home, (2) Seeing the scantily clad Mavalas (jawans) with swords unsheathed The valour of great well-equipped army subsides. Few are fighting horsemen going in all directions It seems as i f a strong army is on march Their very name disarms the opponents (3) 602 Renunciation and bravery unite here The saffron banner flows with the velvet flag. Here politics and religion go hand in hand Might and tact work to make cause a success (4) Such is the wonderful reputation of this country Let the ode of Marathas hum in mouth and ear Let it go to heart giving light and inspiration Let Marathi be established in speech and writing And let always the spirit of Maharashtra tradition stay in mind Let this body fall in her service is our ambition (5) - Shreepad Krishna Kolhatkar. m BANDE 0TKALA JANANI Bande Utkala Janani Gharu hasamayee chani bhasanaayi Janani Jananl Jananlt Puta payodhi bidhauta shareera Tala taraala sushobhita teera Shubhra tatinikula sheekara sameera Jananl Jananl Jananit Ghana gbana banarajl rajlta ange Neela bhudharamala raje tarange Kala kala mkharlta chara blhange Jananl Jananl JananlI Sundara shalee sushobklta ksetra Jnana yljnana pradarslta netra Togl rmslgana utaja pavltra Jananl Jananl Jananl! Sundara mandlra mandlta desa Charu kalavall shobhlta vesa Punya tlrthachaya poorna pradesha Jananl Jananl JananlI § 0$ 9tk«da surayara darpita geha Arlkula shonita eharchita deha Vishwa bkmmaadala kratarra saeha Janani Janani Jaaanil Kavikala moali, sunandana vaadya Bhubasa Tighoslta keerti anlndya Dhanye pmaye chira sharanye- JaRasl Jasaai Janaalt HAIL TO THBE, 0 MOTHERLAND OF 0TKAL* >r»si<9f+f Hail to tkee, © Jfetkerlasd of ftkall Silrer-toungued, serenely sailiiagl Oh Mother, Bfother, Mother! Bathed by sacred seas Thy shores friaged with palms and mango trees ,V' ThJ^ winds carry the moisture from various river Oh Mother, Mother, MotherJ limbs festooned with matted forests Girdled' with rolling mountains Chiming with the melody of tuneful birds Oh Bfother, Mother, Mother I Adorned with fields of luscious grain, mfi-th lambent wisdom in thine eyes. Blessed by the huts ®f the sages Oh Mother, Mother, Motherl Jewelled vf±$h exquisite temples Embroidered with subtlest scriptures Holy Land of Pilgrimage Oh Mother, Mother, Mother! Pro«d mother of Savants A terror to thy eneaies ' ■ ^ I ■ Loved by the wise of all lands Oh Mother, Mother Mother! Hjrmned by peerless poets Pervading all with thy mnsullied glory Ottr sanctnary and shrine for.ever Oh Mother, Mother, Bbther* SeAtamll nad«aabpodiBlle»iaba • • ’ - - - * ^earanda payad« kadinile-eAgal - * » Taadeyar aadenra peeekifiile-ona t f Saktl pirakkttdtt noeeehlnile Tedan Miraiada Timiliiadtt-iiyar TeeraB seriada Tanllaada-aalla Kadal paidyam rambayarpol-ela» Kaaaiar aalada Taallaada ' • • • laTiri teapeanai palara-Taadl • • • .Kaadador raiyai poraaaiaadi-eaa » _ llBTiya yara palaTOda-tira Nsal ssllttha Tanllaada • • • ■ V Mntthamil manaal aeelTareye-aiara • m - r Moimpara kakkam TaDlloada-selTam t Ettkaaai aada bkaTla«de-aTai « • laTaa padaittha Timllaada Nealattlralkadalorattkile-alara Mlttkam taraBsal kanarl ellai-yada ♦ MalaTan' kaaram eratrldeye-pagal Haadl kidakkam Taailnada • • • • 691 t _ _ Kalrl shiraada TanllBadH-piigal • • •r # j Kanban plranda Timllnad««nalla • • t PalaTidaaayla satrattlm-aaaan Pareagooi reeshwi Tanilnadit ♦ • f Tallurait thamiai mlakiaakke-taadn • • ^aapwgal keada Taailaadm-aeajai • • # ♦ f- Alias atbilappadikaraa earor-aaai ♦ • • laram padaittka Tanilaada t _ ' ^ _ f- Slagalan paHpagai ehaTaka-makiya • # Teeva palaTlaaa skearerl>aaga Taagal pallkkodl ncttakodlyaB-alara Shalpara kaadarar talaada • • • Yiaaal Idikbui talalemaraB-eaaB • • # f ^ Verpai a^kkam tlraaadaljar-sanar Paani kaliaga tiral kedattar-Taail • « • • • * PartiTW aiara Tamilaadu ’ t t ^ a a misraa jaTaaaralcaM-laaaffl » Deaaa palaran pagalTeeshl-kalal Gyaaaa padalttolil Taaiyamon nlka * • laara ralarttka Tamilnada • • • • THE FEBTILE TAMUNAD (Traaslatiem) The nomeHt the mame of Tanllsad is asationed Sweet Honey rashes to the ear. la the expressioa "Oar Fatiher's laad* . • * ' .kh: Mi •: T ■ A Streagtk is born la the Breath. -r The Taailaad, fall of the Tedas ^ ; The Tanllaad OTerflewi^g with Brarejry i The Tanilnad where yoaag girls are' Fall of Lore like the Celestial Banbha. The Taaiilaad idiose physical beaaty is Eahaaeed by the flew of the Holy rirers V lareri, Sakshiaa PiaakiBi, Patar and Ty^ai The Tanbraparai ani sereral other rirers. The Taailaad has for its proteetioa, The Mouatala i^ere Sage Agasthya performed peaanee The Taailaad whieh has ia it r ' All the treasares that are foaad ia the earth* .ii- . . The '^amilaad i^ieh has its Boaadaries The Kaaya Kaaari (%diere the rirgia does her daily peaaaee ia the Blae-Sea) as ^ e Soathera Siga-post And as the lorthera .Siga-post, the Tirapatti Hills Presided orer by Lord Teakateshwara. $1^ Tte Tanilaad vhlek is Superior in Kneirled.ge Th* Ta«il«a Kaaba idio wrote "Saaayaoa” , '.V ■ Ths Tamilaad ffeicih. spreads the fragrance of M ffereat types of %astras tkwm ^oat the world* Tke Taailaad whose fani reaches to the skies Becaase of briagiag ©mt into the world tke Faaioas poet Tim-VallmVar who wrote rrirakkaral" The Tanllaad fanoas for the Poes and kas as it were Like a Necklace) the Shilappadikaraa A norniag senbinental one. The Tamilaad ^© s e Paadja aad Chola Kings who con^ered the islands Ceylon, Jara and Malaya flew their Flags idiich had as their emblems, Tiger and Fish. The Tamilaad idiose Kings conquered and ia their raloar, Defeat evea the h ip e s t Himalayaa-Peak. - The TamiStaad with Kings idio iaflaeneed the Kalinga Oesh also. The Tcmilnad whose faa» has spread to China, Egypt and Sreece. The Tanilnad wMch has the Knowledge of 1 ^ , Education, War aad Trade* LINGUISTIC COMPOSITION OP U yiA • • • Hindi ...... 133 ,4 3 5 ,4 5 0 ., Bihari , ...... 1 6 ,^ 0 6 ,7 7 2 . Rajasthani ...... 14,933,06d. Telugu ...... 37,666,132. Bengali ...... 33,6^9,399. Marathi ...... 33,266,771. Tamil ...... 30,562,696. Urdu ...... 23,323,516. I. ■ „ . Gujarati ...... 23,044,604. Kannada ...... 17,41 5,627. Malyalam ...... 17,015,762. r;- Oriya ...... 15,719,396. Punjabi ...... 10, 95%206. Assamese ... .. 6,603,465. I Kashmiri ...... 1 ,956,115. AREA : ; 3q . Miles; 1. Andhra Pradesh ,% . . >106,236. 2. Assam .. .. 47,091. 3. Bihar ...... ,.. 67,196. 4. Gujarat .. .. 72,245. 5. Jammu-Kashmir I ■ 6. Kerala ...... 15,002. 7. Madhya Pradesh ...... 171, 21?. * d. Madras .. . . 50,331, 9. Maharashtra * . . 113,717, 10. %sore .. ..’ .. 74, 210. 11. Orissa .. .. 60,164. 12. Punjab . . ‘ 4?,205» 13. Rajasthan ...... 132,152. 14. Uttar Pradesh . . 113,654. 15. West Bengal .. .. 33,329. 16. Nagaland ...... 6,366. 613 POPUUTION BY STATE (CEH3U3 - 1961)' • # 1. Andhra Pradesh ...... 35,9^31447. 2. Assam ...... 11,^72,772. •s'' 3. Bihar .. .. »» /f6,/f55)610. Gujarat/ ...... 20,633)350. 5. Jaramu^Kashmir...... 3,560,976. 6. Kerala ...... 16,903,715. * 7. Madhya Pradesh ...... 32,372,40^. d. Madras ...... 33,636,953. 9 . Maharashtra ...... 39 , 553,71 S. 10. Jfysore ...... 23,5^6,772. 11. Orissa .. .■ .. 17,54^,^46. 12. Punjab ...... 2 0 ,3 0 6 ,^ 2 . 13. Rajasthan .. .. 20,155,602. 14. Uttar Pradesh .. .. 73,746,401. 15. West Bengal .. . . 34,926,279. 16. Nagaland ...... 369,200.