Paper - II Final -2 Geography Model Answer By : Neetu Singh Main Answer Writing Practice 2018 Ans.1 Map Location (a) Malaygiri is a mountain peak in the Malayagiri hills ransituated in the Pal Lahara town near Kendujhar in the district of Kendujhar of Orissa, India. It is the highest mountain in Orissa at an elevation of 1,187 metres. It is the peak of Garjat hills in Orissa known for its iron ore reserves Drained by Baitarni River (b) Salsett Island The largest of the harbour’s islands is Elephanta, which is famous for its 8th- and 9th- century cave temples.Salsette Island was linked with the mainland by a bridge across Thana Creek, the headwaters of Mumbai Harbour.TANSA, a small river in Salsett island, in the Thane district of Mumbai, which provides the city of Mumbai with its water-supply. (c) Adam’s Bridge also called Rama’s Bridge, chain of shoals, between the islands of Mannar,near northwestern Sri Lanka, and Rameswaram, off the southeastern coast of India. The strait is incompletely separated from the Gulf of Mannar to the south by a group of islands, known as Adams Bridge. (d) Farakka Barrage the Indian diversion barrage at , just inside the Indian border development, began to route water from the Ganges into the Hugli (Hooghly) It froms one of the aveneues of political turmoil existing between india & Bangladesh. (e) Rajmahal Hills These are the shield extension, know for the Kavartals fresh water lakes The valleys are cultivated by tribal Santals. Ans. 1 (b) India’s climate is controlled by a number of factors which can be broadly divided into two groups — factors related to location and relief, and factors related to air pressure and winds. Latitude: Northern part of the India lies in sub-tropical and temperate zone and the part lying south of the Tropic of Cancer falls in the tropical zone. The tropical zone, being nearer to the equator, experiences high temperatures throughout the year with small daily and annual range of temperature. The area north of the Tropic of Cancer which is away from the equator, experiences extreme climate with high daily and annual range of temperature. The Himalayan Mountains: The lofty Himalayas in the north along with its extensions act as an effective climatic divide. The towering mountain chain provides an invincible shield to protect the subcontinent from the cold northern winds. These cold and chilly winds originate near the Arctic circle and blow across central and eastern Asia. The Himalayas also trap the monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture within the subcontinent. DIRECTIONDIRECTION TSP - 18 1 Ultimate Learning Experience (P) Ltd. Distribution of Land and Water: India is flanked by the Indian Ocean on three sides in the south and girdled by a high and continuous mountain-wall in the north. As compared to the landmass, water heats up or cools down slowly creating different air pressure zones in different seasons in and around the Indian subcontinent. Difference in air pressure causes reversal in the direction of monsoon winds. Distance from the Sea: With a long coastline, large coastal areas have an equable climate. Areas in the interior of India are far away from the moderating influence of the sea. The seasonal contrasts in weather at places in the interior of the country such as Delhi, Kanpur and Amritsar affect the entire sphere of life. Altitude : Temperature decreases with height. Due to thin air, places in the mountains are cooler than places on the plains. For example, Agra and Darjeeling are located on the same latitude, but temperature of January in Agra is 16°C whereas it is only 4°C in Darjeeling. Relief : The physiography or relief of India also affects the temperature, air pressure, direction and speed of wind and the amount and distribution of rainfall. The windward sides of Western Ghats and Assam receive high rainfall during June-September whereas the southern plateau remains dry due to its leeward situation along the Western Ghats. The differences in local climates of India, is caused by the mechanism of the following three factors: · Distribution of air pressure and winds on the surface of the earth. · Upper air circulation caused by factors controlling global weather and the inflow of different air masses and jet streams. · Inflow of western cyclones generally known as disturbances during the winter season and tropical depressions during the south-west monsoon period into India, creating weather conditions favourable to rainfall. Ans. 1.(c) Elephant is the largest terrestrial mammal of India . Elephant being wide ranging animal requires large areas . The requirement of food and water for elephants are very high and therefore their population can be supported only by forests that are under optimal conditions. The status of elephant can be the best indicator of the status of the forests. About 60% of the Asian elephant population is in India. However current distribution of wild elephant in India is confined to South India ; North East including North West Bengal; Central Indian states of Orissa , South WB and Jharkhand; and North West India in Uttarakahnd and UP. Project Elephant (PE) was launched by the Government of India in the year 1992 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with following objectives : 1. To protect elephants, their habitat & corridors 2. To address issues of man-animal conflict 3. Welfare of captive elephants Financial and Technical support are being provided to major elephant bearing States in the country. The Project is being mainly implemented in 16 States / UTs , viz. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.The all India enumeration of wild population of elephants in the country is carried out at every five year interval. DIRECTIONDIRECTION TSP - 18 2 Ultimate Learning Experience (P) Ltd. Elephent Reserves:Till now 28 Elephant Reserves (ERs) extending over about 61830.08 sq km have been formally notified by various State Governments. Consent for establishment 2 more ERs – Khasi Elephant Reserve in Meghalaya and Dandeli Elephant Reserve in Karnataka has been accorded by MoEF&CC. Inclusion of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary in Mysore Elephant Reserve has also been approved by the Ministry. The concerned State Governments are yet to notify these ERs. Monitoring of Illegal Killing of Elephants ( MIKE ) Programme Mandated by COP resolution of CITES , MIKE program started in South Asia in the year 2003 with following purpose – To provide information needed for elephant range States to make appropriate management and enforcement decisions, and to build institutional capacity within the range States for the long-term management of their elephant populations. The main objectives of the MIKE are: To measure levels and trends in the illegal hunting of elephants; To determine changes in these trends over time; and To determine the factors causing or associated with such changes, and to try and assess in particular to what extent observed trends are a result of any decisions taken by the Conference of the Parties to CITES.Under the programme data are being collected from all sites on monthly basis in specified MIKE patrol form and submited to Sub Regional Support Office for South Asia Programme located in Delhi who are assisting Ministry in the implementation of the programme. Mike Sites in India Chirang Ripu (Assam ) ,Dhang Patki ( Assam ),Eastern Dooars ( WB ),Deomali ( Arun Pradesh ),Garo Hills ( Meghalaya Mayurbhanj ( Orissa ), Mysore ( Karnataka ),Nilgiri ( T N ),Shivalik ( Uttarakhand ),Wayanad ( Kerala). Ans. 1(d) Peninsular plateau is recognized to be the part of ancient Gondwanaland. It thus represents one of the significant examples of shield of the world. Developed in Azoic, it incorporates Paleozoic reconstruction and Cenozoic modifications. The triple tectonic characteristics of India is individually justified in this relief thereby. As per the present relief profile in general, this shield has reached old stage of cycle of erosion. Its general configuration is that of a rolling Plateau with isolated relict hills in the central part and chain of hills surrounding it. Physiographically, this relief is divided on the basis of both location as well as geological structure. The central highlands include the Aravallis range, the Vindhyans and the Satpuras. These relief features belongs to the Paleozoic era. Aravallis are majorly made up of limestone, dolomite deposited in the geosynclines. It also incorporates metalliferous minerals as the reference of Azoic construct. Extending for 800 km, this range registers an increase in height towards south. It is Gurushikhar that represents the highest peak of range. As water divide, it demarcates inland seasonal drainage Banas to its east. The Vindhyan range though represents limestone dominated construct as Aravalli, it is Paleozoic block. Like Aravallis, it has Cenozoic basaltic modification towards its west covering considerable stretch in central India with average elevation of 300 m. The main features of the region are scarps of Vindhyan sandstone. The range also includes Bandher plateau, Kaimur hills and Baghelkland as its physiographic constituents. It slopes gently towards the north and abruptly towards south. The Panna hills forms the diamond bearing horizon. This entire belt structurally belongs to DIRECTIONDIRECTION TSP - 18 3 Ultimate Learning Experience (P) Ltd. Archean and Purana, Upper Pre-Cambrian construct. South of Vindhyans, lies narrow valley of Narmada, the example of rift valley. The river flows westwards forming several waterfalls as Dhuandhar falls near Jabalpur. The Satpura range also forms the example of Paleozoic block. More extensive and high elevation, this block is incorporating Cenozoic basalt construct. Generally, this range has elevation between 600-900mts extending between Narmada and Tapi rift valleys. It extends from Rajpipla in Gujarat to Maikala range in Chattisgarh. The Gwaligarh range, Betul Plateau, Mahadio hills are the other physiographic constitutents.