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TOME XVII-1979. N ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES SOCIALES ET POLITIQUES INSTITUT D'ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPEENNES TOMEXVII-1979. N" 1(Janvier-Hars) Autour des Vlaques Relations culturelles et linguistiques / \ EDITURA ACADEMIE1 REPUBLICII SOCIALISTE ROMANIA www.dacoromanica.ro Comité de rédaction IM. BERZAI membre correspondant de l'Académie de la Republique Socialiste de Roumanie rédacteur en chef; ALEXANDRU DUTU rédacteuren chef adjoint ; EM. CONDURACHI, A. ROSETTI, membres de l'Acadérnie de la Republique Socialiste de Roumanie ; H. MIHAESCU, COSTIN MURGESCU, D. M. PIPPIDI, membres correspondants de l'Académie de la Republique Socialiste de Roumanie ; AL.ELIAN, VALENTIN GEORGESCU, FR. PALL,MIHAI POP, EUGEN STANESCU La REVUE DES ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPEENNES paraft 4 fois par an. Toute com- mande de l'étranger (fascicules ou abonnement) sera adressée a ILEXIM, Departamentul Export-Import Presa, P.O. Box 136-137, télex 11226, str. 13 Decembrie, n°3, 70116 Bucuresti, Romania ou a ses représentants a l'étranger. Le prix d'un abonnement est de * 35 par an. La correspondance, les manuscrits et les publications (livres, revues, etc.)envoyés pour comptes rendus seront adressés a l'INSTITUT D'ETUDES SUD-EST EURO- PEENNES, 71119 Bucuresti, sectorul 1, str. I. C. Frimu, 9, téléphone 50 75 25, pour la REVUE DES ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPEENNES Les articles seront remis dactylographiés en deux exemplaires. Les collaborateurs sont priés de ne pas dépasser les limites de 25-30 pages dactylo- graphiées pour les articles et de 5-8 pages pour les comptes rendus EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC!! SOCIALISTE ROMANIA Calea Victoriei n°125, téléphone 50 76 80, 71021 Bucuresti Romania www.dacoromanica.ro AB 1110 11ROPBE111E'i TJME XVII 1979 Janvier Mars N° 1 SOMMAIRE Autour des Vlaques COSTIN FENEAN, Beziehungen der Wlachen aus dem Cetina-Tal zur Stadt Sibenik gegen Ende des 14. und zu Beginn des 15. Jahrhunderts 3 ELENA SCARLATOIU, The Balkan Vlachs in the Light of Linguistic Studies (Highlights and Contributions) 17 Relations culturelles et linguistiques HARALAMBIE MIHAESCU, La littérature byzantine, source de connaissance du latin vulgaire. II 39 MEFKURE MOLLOVA (Sofia), Noms d'origine turke en Europe Orientale ... 61 LUCIA DJAMO-DIACONITA, Contribution A l'étude de l'influence de la langue grecque sur le slavon-roumain 93 ZAMFIRA MIHAIL, La méthodologie de la recherche comparée du lexique des langues sud-est européennes 107 ARIADNA CAMARIANO-CIORAN, Aides pécuniaires fournies par les pays roumains aux écoles grecques (I) 123 NICOLAE SARAMANDU, Le parler aroumain de Krugevo (R. S. de Macédoine).. 153 Discussions A Prosaism in the Vocabulary of the First Romanian Boolcs of Psalms (S. Vaimberg ) 163 Chronique ELENA SIUPIUR, Un symposium roumano-bulgare A Bucarest 169 Comptes rendus ANDREI OTETEA, Pdtrunderea comertului românesc in circuitul international (in peri- oada de trecere de la feudalism la capitalism (Cornelia Papacoslea-Dantelopoltz) ; PAUL CERNOVODEANU, ION STANG IU, Imaginea Lumii Noi in Tárile RomAne primele lor relatii cu Statele Unite ale Americii pinä in 1859 ( Mircea Popa). 171 ALEXANDRU ROSETTI, Mélanges linguistiques (Catalina Va14esca) ; HERBERT HUNGER, Die hochsprachliche profane Literatur der Byzantiner, I. Philosophie, Rhetorik, Epistolographie, Geschichtsschreibung, Geographic (H. ; ANCA IRINA IONESCU, Lingvisticäi mitologie. Contributii la studierea terminologiei credintelor populare ale slavilor ( Zamfira Mthail) 177 Notices bibliographiques 185 Livres rqus 197 REV. tTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XVII, 1, P. 1-198, BUCAREST, 1979 www.dacoromanica.ro Autour des Vieques BEZIEHUNGEN DER WLACHEN AUS DEM CETINA-TAL ZUR STADT ' IBENIK GEGEN ENDE DES 14. UND ZU BEGINN DES 15. JAHRHUNDERTS COSTIN FENEAN Wenn uns die Geschichte der Wlachen vom Norden der Balkan- halbinsel während des Mittelalters dank der hervorragenden Synthese von Silviu Dragomirim allgemeinen hinreichend bekannt ist, so kann noch manches zur näheren Entwicklung verschiedener Wlachengruppen dieses Gebietes geboten werden. Die im Budapester Ungarischen Landes- archiv(ag y ar Országos Levéltcir ) unternommenen Forschungen lenk- ten unsere Aufmerksamkeit auf einige die Wlachen des Cetina-Tals und des ibeniker(Sebenico )Stadtgebiets betreffende Urkun.den 2deren einige der Geschichtsschreibung schon bekannt, aber fehler- und liicken- haft veroffentlicht wurden, andere hingegen nun erstmalig herausgegeben werden. Die Zusammenfassung und Konfrontierung all dieser Auskimfte ermoglicht einen tieferen Einblick in die Geschichte der Beziehungen der Wlachen aus Kroatien. und Dalrnatien zum ungarischen König, zum Banus oder zum bosnischen König, wie auch zu den einheimischen GroB- feudalherren. Zahlreiche 'Wlachen aus der Urngebung der Königsfestung Sinj und airs dem Cetinaer Bezirk vorzugsweise Viehzfichter, gelegentlich aber auch Landwirte 3 - sind urkundlich schon in der ersten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhun- derts belegt. Den Wlachen kam in diesem Gebiet nicht nur eine bedeu- tende wirtschaftliche Bolle zu, sondern sie waren zugleich auch ein un- ù.bersehbarer politischer Faktor während den Auseinandersetzungen zwi- schen den einheimischen Feudalherren und den ungarischen Königsmacht oder zwischen der Zentralbehörde und den auswärtigen, vorzugsweise venezianischen Nebenbuhlern. Die Teilnahme der Wlachen an den Ereig- nissen, welche Kroatien und die dalmatinische Kiiste von der Mitte des 14. bis in die ersten Jahrzehnte des folgenden Jahrhunderts als Schau- platz hatten, erscheint völlig rechtfertigt, besonders da mehreremals Versuche unternommen wurden, sie ihrer Freiheiten und Privilegien verlustig zu machen. Während dieser umwalzten Zeitspanne kam den 1 S. Dragomir, Vlahii din nordul peninsulei balcanice In Evul Mediu (Die Wlachen vom Norden der Balkanhalbinsel im Mittelalter), Akademieverlag der RVR, (Bukarest), 1959. 2 Alle Urkunden urspriinglich im Sibeniker Stadtarchiv entstammen der gewe- senen Jankovich-Sammlung, von wo sie in die Bestànde der Ungarischen Nationalbibliothek und danach in jene des Ungarischen Landesarchivs iibergegangen sind. 3 S. Dragomir, a.a.0., S. 111. REV. BTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XVII, 1, P. 3-15, BUCAREST, 1979 www.dacoromanica.ro 4 CO STIN FENYSAN 2 Wlachen eine nicht wegzudenkende Rolle in den politischen, zugleich aber auch wirtschaftlichen Plänen der Konigsmacht, so wie in den Selb- ständigkeitsbestrebungen der einheimischen Feudalherren zu, wobei es Venedig immer geschickt verstand die Lage zum eigenen Vorteil ausza- nutzen. Im Laufe dieser Jahre sind fast ununterbrochen Auseinander- setzungen zwischen dem ungarischen Kimigtum und dem Banns von Kroatien und Dalmatien bezuglieh der Wlachen seien es konigliche oder unter Botmaigkeit der Feudalherren stehende zu verzeiehnen. In diesen Umständen äuBerte sich die der unter venezianisehem EinfluB stehenden dalmatinischen StadteStellunub durch die beständige Ein- schränkung der Wlachenrechte, sei es die Bede von der Niederlassung im Stadtgebiet oder von der Genehmigung des Weidereehtes auf die Zeit der Wintermonate. Die der Kbnigsmacht oder den Feudalherren unterstehenden Wlachen verwendeten sich um ihre im Laufe der Zeit ofters erwiesenen Dienste zur Geltung zu bringen, und um dadurch, wenn nicht eine Erweiterung, dann wenigstens die Einhaltung ihrer E.eehte und Freiheiten zu erwirken. Ihre Bemuhungen fanden aber in den Be- strebungen der Zentralmacht, sich die Treue der Städte an der Adria zu erhalten, einen beständigen AnstoB. Die Inhaber der Banuswurde von Kroatien und Dalmatien, wahrscheinlich materiell mitinteressiert we- nigstens einige unter ihnen vielleichtin dem Wunsch° ihreSelb- standigkeit geltend zu machen, erwiesen sich rneistens, wenn nicht gut- dann wenicrstens ohne zu groBem Eifer, in der Vollstreckung der die W vonderblachen Adriakitste betreffenden kciniglichen Befehle, eine Stellungnahme in welcher ihnen die GroBfeudalen, welche Wlachenge- meinschaften unter ihrer Botschaft hatten, beständig zur Seite standen. Die den dalmatinischen Wlachen vom Kimigtum Aufmerk- samkeit in puncto ihrer Beziehungen zu den Kiistenstädtenbeicrbemessene verdankt ihren Urspruncr und ihrer Foirderung nicht nur politischen, sondern zu- gleich auch wAschaftlichen Begrundungen. Indem die ungarischen Ko- nige die beständige Niederlassung der Wlachen an der Adriakuste zu hemmen versuchten, trachteten sie der koniglichen Salzkammer und der freien Fahrt auf dem Meer schtutzend vorzukommen, wie auch ihren MachteinfluB in dieser Gegend zum Ausdruck zu bringen. Das Wlachen- problem war dabei eine willkonamene Eingriffsgelegenheit um das sin- kende KMaigsschiff wieder flott zu machen. Die Ktistenstadte glaubten ihrerseits in den umfassenden Privilegien deren sie begnadigt warden manchmal sogar der offenbar feindlichen Einstellung dem Konig gegen- fiber zuwider von den Wlachen bedroht zu sein. Nun bot sich eine ausgezeichnete Gelegenheit der Zentralmacht die Hand zu reichen. Das Studium der der Wlachen aus dem Cetina-Tal zur Stadt 8ibenik ist diesbezUglichBeziehunaben ein eindeutiges Beispiel. Die grciBtenteils unter Botmb,Bigkeit einiger GroBfeudalherren ste- henden Wlachen des Cetina-Tals sind urkundlich schon zu Beginn des 14. Jahrhunderts belegt. des 1345 beigelegten Streites be- stätigte der ungarische KbnigGelecrbentlich Ludwig I. von Anjou den Besitz des Cetinaer comes Ivan Nelipie tber die Wlachen des dortigen Bezirkes (districtus ) 4, 4 T. Smi6iklas, Codex diplomatieus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, Bd. XI, Za- greb, 1913, Nr. 192, S. 249-252 (weiter als Smièiklas, Cod. dipl. Croatiae, angefahrt). www.dacoromanica.ro 3 BEZTIEHUNGEN DER WLACHEN
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