Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 Linda M

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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-77065-1 - Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 Linda M. Heywood and John K. Thornton Index More information

Index

Abreu e Brito, Domingos, 90 Antonio,´ Mwene Mbamba, 103 Afonso I, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, antu a tatu, 64 68, 69, 70, 72, 80, 84, 87, 91, 95, 100, 106, Antunes da Silva, Manuel, 120 137, 138, 143, 153, 167, 174, 175, 184, 186, Antwerp, 10, 12, 177 208, 209, 307, 317 Arawak, 22 Afonso Mvemba a Mpanzu, 175 Argall, Samuel, 7 Afonso, Baltasar, 99 Argomedo, Joao˜ de, 112 Africanus, Leo, 302, 303 Asiento, 39, 40, 41, 48, 93, 97, 109, 117, 160, Agoaciaiongo, 205 166 Allada, 44, 46, 48, 247, 266, 267, 277, 280 Association Island. See Tortuga Alvaro´ I, 83, 86, 87, 172, 173 Atlantic Creole, i, vii, 2, 49, 61, 62, 63, 64, Alvaro´ II, 100, 103, 135, 172, 173, 204, 66, 67, 70, 72, 79, 82, 98, 99, 100, 101, 307 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, Alvaro´ III, 121, 122, 136, 137, 142, 172, 113, 169, 170, 174, 183, 185, 186, 187, 173, 208, 209, 214, 222 188, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200, Alvaro´ IV, 142, 143, 153 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212, 214, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, Alvaro´ Mpanzu a Nimi. See Alvaro´ V 223, 224, 225, 226, 236, 238, 239, 240, Alvaro´ Nimi. See Alvaro´ VI ´ 241, 267, 270, 279, 281, 282, 284, 288, Alvaro V, 143 291, 294, 310, 320 ´ Alvaro VI, 143, 174, 206 Axe, Samuel, 32 Alvaro,´ son of Pedro II, 158 Axila Mbande, 111 Amazon, 2, 21, 28, 29, 30, 36, 42, 238, 254, Axila Mbanza, 92 260, 315 Ayres Fernandes, 96 Ambaca, 75, 76, 117, 121, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 148, 149, 150, 152, 157, Bahia, 18, 35, 36, 161, 224, 317 159, 186, 192, 195, 196, 198, 202 Baixa de Cassange, 53, 55, 133 Ambrosio´ I, 141, 142, 201, 271 Banha Cardoso, Bento, 114, 115, 116, 118, ana murinda, 77 121, 122, 130, 131, 132, 144, 317 Anes, Afonso, 80, 81 Barbados, xi, xii, xiii, 19, 30, 45, 46, 48, 238, Angela, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 28, 34, 40, 48, 119 239, 240, 241, 248, 249, 250, 254, 255, Angola Inene. See Ngola Kiluanje 256, 258, 262, 267, 268, 269, 272, 274, Angola Neck, 283 280, 281, 291, 292, 297, 300, 315, 316, Angolomene a Kitambo, 89 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 328, 330 Antonio Jose,´ 209 Barbara, Sister of Queen Njinga, 155 Antonio Manuel, 185, 204, 208, 218 Barbosa, Manuel, 144 Antonio´ Manuel, 185, 208 Barbosse, Louruiso, 265 Antonio,´ Count of Soyo, 140, 180 Barbuda d’Aguiar, Francisco, 86

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© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-77065-1 - Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 Linda M. Heywood and John K. Thornton Index More information

362 Index

Barentz, Pieter, 28 Burgundy, 13 Barreira, Baltasar, 73, 75, 78, 79, 80, 85, 99, Butler, Samuel, 7 101, 102, 104 Bartels, Emily, 300 Cacheu, 43, 48, 293 Battell, Andrew, 33, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, Cadiz, 15 98, 101, 102, 106, 107, 303, 306, 309 Cadornega, Antonio´ de Oliveira de, 73, 76, Bautista Soares, Manuel, 6, 118, 119, 123, 77, 115, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 129, 131, 136, 152, 176, 179, 189, 190, 204, 206, 134, 135, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 214, 224 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 164, 165, 167, 168, Baxter, Thomas, 253 174, 184, 188, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, Bayao,˜ Bartolomeu, 17 199, 201, 202, 209, 214, 216, 217, 221 Beckles, Hilary, 297 Calabar, 44, 45, 47, 48, 247, 248, 258, 266, Bembe, 156 267, 277, 280 Benedict of Palermo, Saint, 188, 195 Caldeira, Beatriz, 117 Bengo, 43, 52, 56, 87, 88, 90, 96, 102, 104, Calombe, 194 121, 146, 147, 149, 152, 164, 186, 188, Calvinist, 177, 179, 193, 202, 298, 309, 328 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 213, Cambambe, 52, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 111, 113, 215, 221 114, 115, 151, 186, 187, 190, 193, 205, 224 Benguela, 51, 52, 54, 89, 91, 94, 95, 97, 110, Campeche, 6 113, 114, 115, 116, 131, 143, 144, 149, 222, Canary Islands, 11, 12, 26 225 cannibals, 12, 33, 304, 306, 308 Benin, 48 Cannock, English captain, 30 Berbice, 260, 261 Cao,˜ Diogo, 57, 60 Berlin, Ira, 49, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 248, Cape Verde, 17, 19, 33, 38, 40, 41, 42, 106, 295, 298, 327 171, 277, 305, 308, 313, 314 Bermuda, xi, xii, xiii, 7, 8, 21, 23, 25, 26, Cardoso, Mateus, 91, 123, 136, 137, 139, 174, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 40, 47, 240, 241, 175, 183, 184, 217 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 270, 273, 277, Carib, 22, 24, 29, 269 279, 287, 289, 292, 296, 297, 313, 315, Caribbean, i, 2, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 319, 320, 321, 329, 330 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33, 35, Bernhard, Virginia, 296 37, 38, 40, 47, 167, 236, 240, 248, 254, Bestiana, Hannah, 288 258, 260, 261, 268, 287, 291, 297, 312, Bezerra Fajardo, Antonio, 170 315 Biet, Antoine, 274, 329 Carmelite, 66, 107 Bight of Benin, 39 Cartagena, 18, 32, 41, 271 Blackburn, Robin, 294 Casange. See Kasanze Blessing (ship), 31 Casanha, 105 Bonaire, 241, 258, 259 Casor, John, 282, 320 Boston, i, iii, xii, xiii, 29, 46, 47, 251, 254, Castanho, Jeronimo, 97 262, 299, 321 Castro, Miguel de, 185 Brazil, ix, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 20, 21, 35, 36, 37, Cavanga. See Sengas de Cavanga 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 75, 83, 95, 97, Cavazzi, Giovanni Antonio, 55, 74, 76, 81, 109, 112, 113, 114, 131, 137, 139, 144, 146, 84, 85, 91, 92, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 158, 159, 161, 162, 133, 134, 135, 152, 155, 156, 157, 159, 174, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 178, 185, 188, 176, 177, 178, 179, 186, 193, 194, 195, 213, 216, 217, 222, 223, 224, 248, 254, 196, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 206, 208, 260, 261, 266, 267, 270, 271, 314, 317, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 324 219, 220, 224 Breen, T. H., 296 Cavendish, Thomas, 18 Brent, Giles, 244 Cayenne, 260, 274, 329 Bristol, 24, 46 Cerveira Pereira, Manuel, 91, 92, 114, 115, Browne, James, 45 116, 225 Brun, Samuel, 106, 167, 216, 217, 307, 308, Cezar de Menezes, Pedro, 135, 151, 164, 165, 309, 310, 315 201 Brussels, 14, 34 Chamgalla, 69 Bruto, Antonio,´ 129, 133, 148, 149, 164 charms, 60, 66, 177 Bruynvisch (ship), 36, 37 Charter Generation, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, Buenos Aires, 39, 113, 164, 166, 260 244, 247, 249, 252, 253, 255, 256, 260, Bumbi, 223 262, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 274, 275,

Index 363

276, 280, 282, 290, 291, 294, 298, 300, de Massiac, 193, 212, 215 323, 327, 330 de Moor, Jan, 26, 37, 260, 269 Chesapeake, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 248, de Sousa Chicorro, Belchior, 72 283, 287, 295, 296, 297, 299, 330 de Sousa, Fernao,˜ 5, 61, 62, 65, 66, 72, 87, cimarones, 16 94, 95, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, Cobbs, John, 168 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, Coelho, Antonio,´ 135, 201 135, 136, 140, 141, 142, 144, 155, 157, 160, Combes, English captain, 29 161, 166, 176, 178, 190, 193, 196, 197, Congo River, 43, 52, 53, 55, 57, 60, 70, 106, 198, 200, 201, 205, 206, 207, 209, 212, 107, 112, 141, 142, 170, 204, 206 223, 224, 238, 317 Conniers, Denis, 247 de Vries, David, 37, 260, 272 Constantino, soba of Songa, 100 Deal, Douglas, 295, 296 Coombs, John, xiii, 242 Delft, 24 Coorn, Nicholas, 253 d’Elvas, Fernao,˜ 160 Corimba, 98, 99 Demba, 91 Correa de Sa,´ Salvador, 152, 154, 155, 165, Dembos, 55, 96, 116, 134, 146, 148, 149, 154, 166, 167 193, 217 Correa de Sousa, Joao,˜ 156, 157, 197 Den Coninick Salomon (ship), 259 Correa, Antonio. See Samba Antumba Desire (ship), 251 Correa, Bras, 138, 172, 185, 208 Dias de Novais, Paulo, 51, 73, 78, 80, 81, 82, Correia da Silva, Francisco, 114 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95, 96, 97, Correia de Sousa, Joao,˜ 118, 124, 126, 127, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 197 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 184, 190, 223 Diogo I, 72 Corrella, Buenaventura da, 202 Doderecht, 19 Cortona, Serafino da, 155, 176, 177, 178, Domingo Chilunguela, 194 195, 196 Domingos Antonio, 209 Costa, Diogo de, 102 Dominica, 18 Courteen, William, 26, 30 Dowling, Emanuel, 46 Cuba, 14, 22, 24, 25, 34, 36 Drake, Francis, 14, 15, 16, 21 Cukuli Mbooj, 9, 10 Drax, James, 250, 290 Cumana,´ 16 Drew, Samuel, 274 Curaçao, 167, 241, 248, 258, 259, 267 Driggus, Emmanuell, 246, 273, 278 Curry, Thomas, 23 drums, 212 Curse of Ham, 294, 305, 309 Duarte Lopes, 56 Dumbo a Pebo, 92, 115 d’Aguiar, Rui, 61, 63, 64 Dutch Reformed Church, 262, 277, 287, 298, d’Aguir, Christovao,˜ 69 330 d’Angola, Paulo, 266 Dutch West India Company, 31, 35, 36, 37, d’Elvas, Antonio Fernandes, 40 41, 47, 140, 145, 162, 254, 315 da Fonseca, Pero, 86 Duverne, Isaac, 21, 22 da Gaeta, Antonio, 76, 202 da Silva, Antonio,´ 122, 136, 222 Earl of Warwick, 7, 26, 28, 246, 257, 283 da Silva, Joao,˜ ambassador, 60 Eden, Richard, 301, 302, 303, 304, 313 Dambi a Hari, 129, 131 Eendracht (ship), 42, 44 Dambi a Ngola, 118 Elfrith, Daniel (ship’s captain), 6, 7, 27, 28, Dande, 43, 52, 53, 72, 84, 96, 147, 148, 175, 257 186, 188, 194, 216 Elizabeth I, 14, 15, 20 Dandi a Ngonga, 159 Eltonhead, William, 284 Dapper, Olifert, 106, 143, 149, 151, 153, 171, Esperança, 120 177, 193, 208, 217 Essequibo, 21, 260, 261 das Neves, Pedro, 96 Ethiopia, 60, 173, 215, 314 Dassel, Anthony, 17 Evans, William, 247 de Almeida, Francisco, 91 Expectation (ship), 31 de Almeida, Jeronimo,´ 91 de Castro, Baltasar, 61, 78, 80 Faria Baretto, Dionisio de, 125, 127, 197 de Coligny, Gaspard, 20 feiras, 127, 218 de Gouveia, Francisco, 74, 81, 82, 86, 98, 197 Felipe Ngola Hari. See Ngola Hari de la Fosse, Eustace, 10 Fernandes de Santa Maria, Diogo, 147 de Laet, Johannes, 35, 41, 317 Fernandes Quemba, Pasqual, 156

364 Index

Fernandes Vieira, Joao,˜ 158, 166 Groenewegen, Arent Andrianszoon, 24 Fernandes, Antonio,´ 185 Guiana, 18, 20, 21, 24, 29, 37, 238, 240, 259, Fernandes, Domingos, 147 261 Ferreira, Diogo, 104 Guinea, 11, 17, 18, 19, 25, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, fidalgos, 73, 75 47, 48, 49, 79, 106, 160, 171, 225, 247, Flanders, 15, 24, 163 259, 300, 301, 303, 308, 314 Florida, 20 Guldene Craen, 33 Flushing. See Vlissingen Gunza Mbambe, 156, 159 Fonseca, Pero da, 86 Guy, Arthur, 40 Foote, Thelma, 263, 298 Guyana, Spanish colony, 260, 261, 262 Fort Nassau, 21 Fort Orange, Brazil, 21 Hair, P. E. H., 300 Fort Orange, New Netherland, 23 Hakluyt, Richard, 11, 16, 18, 20, 300, 301, Fortune (ship), 40, 46, 47, 271 302, 304, 307, 313, 318 Foster, Henry, 254 Haku, 73, 156, 210 Francis Payne. See Pane, Franics Hango a Kikaito, 91, 115 Francis Xavier, Saint, 214 Happy Return (ship), 31 Francisco Cazola, 192 Harcourt, Robert, 24, 29, 262 Francisco de Sottomaior, Francisco de, 164 Hari, 85, 115, 118, 129, 132, 134, 197, 198 Francisco, Bermuda slave, 13, 19, 32, 33, 36, Hari a Kiluanje, 118, 129, 130, 131, 132 58, 74, 75, 81, 82, 87, 110, 114, 115, 143, Hari a Ngola, 154, 156 148, 150, 151, 165, 187, 189, 197, 198, Hari, Province, 73 204, 255, 278, 279, 325 Harman, William, 246 Francisco, son of Ngola Hari, 198 Hartwell, Abraham, 302 Franklin, Ferdinand, 47, 163 Hawkins, John, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 38, Furtado de Mendonça, Joao,˜ 90, 91 40, 313 Hawkins, William, 11 Gaeta, Antonio da, 74, 76, 81, 84, 129, 130, Heintze, Beatrix, 5, 54, 69, 72, 74, 75, 76, 155, 201, 202, 203, 204, 209, 217, 218, 116, 117, 119, 122, 125, 126, 127, 130, 133, 221 137, 159, 160, 206, 223 Gaeween, John, 247, 272 Henrique Dias, 150 Galenson, David, 295 Henrique, Bishop, 63 Gambia, 17, 42, 48, 269, 293, 302, 305, 318 Heyn, Piet, 35, 36, 140, 180, 218 Garcia I, 141 hides, 22, 32, 42 Garcia II, 124, 147, 149, 152, 153, 158, 163, Hispaniola, 11, 12, 18, 20, 33 165, 173, 180, 182 Hodges, Graham, 298, 327, 328 Garcia Nkanga. See Garcia II Honduras, 34 Gaspar Aquibata, 150 Hopewell (ship), 27, 47, 167 Gaunt, Henry, 290 Hudson River, 23 Genoa, 165 Hudson, Henry, 23 Ghana. See Gold Coast Gilbert, Humphrey, 20 idols, 59, 62, 63, 79, 99, 100, 101, 105, 175, gold, 9, 10, 11, 34, 42, 45, 81, 95, 140, 168, 177, 178, 192, 194, 199 267, 304, 314 Ilamba, 73, 88, 89, 90, 115, 120, 131, 132, Gold Coast, 10, 11, 46, 301, 303, 304, 305, 152, 193 306, 308, 309, 310, 314 Imbangala, 33, 93, 94, 95, 114, 115, 116, 117, Golden Dragon (ship), 18 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 127, 129, 131, Gomes, Diogo, 9 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 148, 150, 151, Gomez Angel, Melchor, 41 154, 157, 187, 192, 196, 200, 201, 202, Gonçalves Bravo, Luis, 120 203, 205, 218, 250, 272, 306 Goodfriend, Joyce, 298 Imbe Kalandula, 93 Gookin, Daniel, 245 Inkisi River, 53, 57 Gouveia Sottomaior, Francisco de, 83, 86 Innes, Stephen, 296 Graça Kifunji, 151 Inquisition, 13, 96, 103 Gragg, Larry, 45, 297 Ita, Pieter Andriaenszoon, 37 Great Jolof, 9 ivory, 10, 13, 19, 42, 43, 45, 47, 112, 113, 135, Great Kina, 53 140, 144, 167, 201, 213, 304 Green Island, 34 Gregory XV, 139 Jackson, Henry, 258 Grenada, 24 Jackson, William, 31, 47

Index 365

Jagas, 83, 94, 115, 119, 122, 139, 144, 172, kilundas, 79, 100 308 kimbares, 195 Jamaica, 6, 16, 18, 24, 26, 167, 248, 268 Kimbundu, xi, 8, 56, 72, 73, 75, 85, 99, 104, James I, 23 127, 134, 156, 193, 200, 238, 275, 277, 317 Jamestown, x, xii, xiii, 8, 20, 23, 26, 246, 329 kimpasi, 177 Jesuits, 5, 64, 67, 73, 81, 89, 96, 97, 98, 99, Kindonga, 118, 124, 127, 131, 132, 134, 200 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 111, Kingela Kagombe, 92 128, 135, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, Kisala, 128 183, 184, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, Kisama, 54, 73, 74, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, 196, 198, 199, 201, 204, 207, 214, 220, 103, 131, 145, 154, 157, 166, 170, 204, 223, 224, 225 205, 206, 226 Jews, 13, 19, 35, 72, 261 kitekes, 79 Joao˜ IV, 148, 150, 151, 154, 158, 165 Kitexi ka Ndambi, 148, 159 Joao˜ Milao,˜ 103 Kituxila, 151 Joao,˜ Kongolese lay minister, 66 Kombi, 151 Jobson, Richard, 17, 302, 305, 318 Kongo, i, vii, xi, 6, 9, 35, 43, 44, 47, 49, 52, John and Catherine (ship), 46 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, John Francisco, 246 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 78, John Grasheare. See Gaeween, John 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 90, 94, 96, John Grasheere. See Gaeween, John 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, Johnson, Anthony, 272, 282, 283, 286, 320 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 116, 118, 121, 122, Johnston, Henry, 29 123, 124, 126, 127, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, Jol, Cornelis Corneliszoon, 36, 145 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, Jope, John Colyn (ship’s captain), 6, 7, 27, 28, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 157, 158, 160, 34 163, 164, 165, 169, 170, 171, 172, 174, Jordan, Winthrop, 295, 296, 299, 303, 305 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 183, 184, Jorge, of Mbata, 59 185, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210, Kabasa, 54, 75, 77, 86, 89, 95, 98, 99, 117, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 222, 118, 120, 127, 131, 197, 271 223, 224, 225, 226, 238, 271, 272, 283, Kabonda, 92, 122 284, 290, 291, 292, 299, 307, 308, 310, Kabuku ka Ndonga, 196 312, 314, 317, 330 Kafuxi ka Mbare, 92, 95, 103 Kongo dia Nlaza, 54 Kaita ka Balanga, 117 Krieft, Governor, 263, 266, 285, 324, 325, 328 Kakongo, 55, 106, 108, 143, 144, 206 Kundi, 141, 170, 204 Kakulu ka Kabasa, 77, 148 Kupperman, Karen Ordahl, 30, 297 Kakulu ka Kahenda, 146, 148 Kurland, 269 Kakulu ka Njimbo, 148 Kuvo River, 95 Kala, 204 Kwango River, 52, 53, 55, 72, 124, 145, 155, kanda, 76 169, 170 kandas, 73 Kwanza River, 52, 53, 54, 70, 72, 74, 75, 78, Kapele, 148 81, 83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 92, 96, 98, 99, 100, Kasanje, 119, 124, 129, 133, 134, 135, 145, 104, 108, 115, 118, 124, 131, 132, 146, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, 168, 187, 222, 226, 272 151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 165, 186, 187, 188, Kasanze, 84, 102, 121, 122, 136, 137, 138, 189, 193, 197, 199, 204, 205, 206, 225 139, 157, 223 Kasikola, 88 La Concepcion´ (ship), 18 Kasuta. See da Silva, Joao˜ La Hacha, 16 Kaza, 129, 131, 132 La Rochelle, 14 Kendall, Miles, 7, 27, 28, 244 Lake Quilunda, 213 Kennebec River, 23 Langere, 205 Key, Elizabeth, 323, 329 lay ministers, 65, 66 kijikos, 75, 77, 78, 97, 126, 128 Leiden, 23, 163, 217 Kikongo, xi, 56, 59, 63, 73, 99, 103, 136, 153, Leigh, Charles, 21 156, 171, 172, 175, 179, 185, 208, 212, Leitao,˜ Francisco, 161 216, 238, 275, 317 Lemba, 205 Kilembi Lembi, 159 Lembo, 76, 131 kilombo, 134, 155, 221 Leyden (ship), 34, 43, 324 Kiluanje kia Ndambi, 209 libambo, 169 Kilunda, 85, 146 Liberia, 12

366 Index

Libolo, 74, 150, 154, 156, 159, 166, 170, 200, Marees, Pieter de, 302, 304, 305, 306, 308, 205, 210, 213 309, 310, 314 lifuku, 86 Margarita, 16, 19 Ligon, Richard, 48, 249, 250, 273, 290, 291, Marie Bonaventure (ship), 249 293, 300, 328, 329 marque, letter of, 6, 7, 15, 19, 25, 27, 30, 31, Littleton, Nathaniel, 243 32, 34, 258 Loango, 36, 43, 44, 47, 51, 55, 56, 106, 107, marriage, 66, 105, 117, 129, 174, 209, 277, 112, 113, 143, 144, 165, 167, 170, 171, 279, 290, 328 204, 206, 207, 217, 218, 224, 260, 267, Martins de Sousa Chichorro, Luis, 156, 157, 303, 306, 307, 308, 309 158, 166 Lok, John, 301, 313, 318 Martins de Sousa Chirchorro, Luis, 157 Lonckes, Frans, 28 Mary Bonaventure (ship), 45 Longa River, 52, 54, 89 Massangano, xi, 77, 88, 89, 96, 103, 104, Longville, Edward, 46 132, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 159, 164, 169, Lopes, Duarte, 54, 96, 172, 307 186, 187, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199, Lord Carlisle, 29 202, 203, 205, 222 Lord Willoughby, 249, 262, 268 Matadi, 57 Lord’s Payer, 99 Matamba, 55, 72, 74, 89, 130, 134, 145, 152, Lourenc¸o, Domingos, 198, 199 154, 155, 156, 157, 167, 168, 170, 187, 196, Low Countries, 2, 3, 13, 14, 22, 35, 314 197, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 210, 221, Lower Guinea, 39, 49 224, 226, 330 Luanda, xiii, 5, 35, 43, 44, 47, 53, 70, 72, 74, Matari, 209 83, 84, 88, 90, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 103, Matthews, Samuel, 243, 245 104, 107, 108, 112, 114, 116, 120, 121, Maverick, Samuel, 46, 251 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 131, 135, 136, Maxwell, Clarence, 296, 297 138, 139, 140, 142, 145, 146, 147, 148, Mbamba, 53, 66, 96, 103, 122, 135, 138, 140, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 158, 159, 161, 141, 142, 147, 153, 159, 174, 175, 177, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 175, 178, 179, 184, 209, 212, 217, 271 180, 183, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, Mbandi a Ngola, 91, 92, 197, 209 193, 197, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 210, Mbanza Kongo, 53, 57, 60, 63, 172 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, Mbanza Loango, 106 222, 225, 245, 275, 324, 330 Mbanza Mbamba, 66 Lubeck,¨ 19 Mbata, 55, 57, 58, 96, 103, 174, 176, 204 Lubolo, 156 Mbidizi River, 52 Lukala River, 54, 78, 84, 88, 89, 92, 115, mbila, 63 195 Mbumbi, 96, 104, 138, 140, 161, 174, 183, lukanzo, 77 184, 185, 209 Lukeni lua Nimi, 57 Mbundu, 51, 56, 59, 72, 74, 79, 96, 98, 99, Lumbo, 73, 132 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 109, 131, 133, 138, Lunda Empire, 53, 94 164, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, Luso-Africans, 70, 71, 79, 80, 82, 84, 86, 87, 194, 195, 196, 197, 200, 203, 210, 212, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 112, 124, 213, 214, 215, 224, 238, 290 127, 134, 139, 147, 151, 155, 183, 184, 186, Mbwila, 56, 74, 122, 127, 134, 141, 149, 154, 187, 193, 195, 203, 204, 213, 214 216 155, 161, 185, 226 Lynch, Thomas, 167 Megapolensis, Johannes, 325 Menard, Russell, 243, 250, 295 Magalhaes,˜ Henrique de, Mendes da Cunha, Manuel (ship’s captain), 5 196 Mendes de Vasconcelos, Joao,˜ 122 Magarabomba, 12 Mendes de Vasconcelos, Luis, 116, 117, 118, Maine, 23 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, Makoko, 204 136, 137, 160, 161, 197 makotas, 75, 85 Mendoza de Sosa, Christofo, 41 Mali, Empire of, 12, 303 Mexico, 11, 15, 38, 166, 277 Mandinka, 17 Miguel Daniel, 208 Manes, 12 Miranda Henriques, Rodrigo de, 154, Mangombe, 154 155 Mani Benso, 144 Miranda, Antonio, 148 Manuel Jordao,˜ 141, 208, 271 Mocaria Camatamba, 55 March, Giles, 31 Mocumbe, 87

Index 367

Modyford, Thomas, 250 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, Montesarchio, Girolamo da, 205 137, 143, 145, 147, 148, 151, 156, 157, 163, Morgan, Edmund, 243, 295, 327 169, 170, 187, 196, 197, 200, 205, 209, Mortamer, Pieter, 147, 162, 177, 178, 179, 210, 214, 221, 223, 271 185, 188, 224 New Amsterdam, 36, 37, 45, 238, 240, 241, Mosquito Coast, 31 247, 252, 253, 254, 259, 262, 263, 264, Mosta, Alvise da, 10, 301 266, 267, 270, 274, 276, 277, 281, 285, Moyo Okisi, 64 286, 287, 298, 322, 323, 324, 330 Mpanzu a Kitima, 62 New Christians, 72, 96, 117, 120, 190, 191 Mpanzulumbu, 69 New England, xii, 2, 23, 32, 33, 46, 238, 239, Mpemba, 57, 59, 138, 153, 158, 159, 174 240, 241, 250, 251, 273, 281, 283, 287, Mpemba Kasi, 57 292, 312, 321 Mpinda, 43, 64, 96, 112, 113, 167, 183 New Netherland, 23, 32, 37, 42, 239, 240, Mpuku a Nsuku, 57 241, 250, 252, 262, 263, 265, 266, 267, Mpumbu, 110, 113 270, 271, 277, 278, 285, 287, 289, 292, Muanga Luamba, 75 311, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 330, 331 Mubanga, 76, 117 Newport, Christopher, xiii, 18 Mubanga Kiluanji, 76 nfundi, 216 Mubango, 131 nganga a ukisi, 64 mubikas, 78 ngangas, 66, 177 Muje a Zemba, 90 Ngola a Kiluanji, 197 Munster,¨ Sebastian, 301, 303 Ngola Hari, 76, 118, 131, 132, 133, 134, 196, murindas, 73 197, 198, 209 Museke, 73 Ngola Kanini Kiluanji, 76 music, 61, 66, 212, 213, 214, 221, 291 Ngola Kiluanji, 74, 76, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, Muslims, 295, 303, 328 91, 209 Musseke, 88, 149 Ngola Kiluanji kia Ndambi, 82, 84 Mutemo, 96, 104 Ngola Kiluanji kia Samba, 85 Mutemo a Kingenga, 148 Ngola Mbandi, 117, 118, 119, 121, 124, 127, Muxima, 87, 104, 146, 151, 152, 186, 187, 128, 129, 130, 197 193 Ngola, title, 74 Muxima Kitangonge, 87 Ngolambole, 75 Mvemba a Nzinga. See Afonso I Ngoleme, 75 Mwala, 175 Ngoleme a Kaita, 159 mwamba, 216 Ngolome a Keta, 148, 150 Mwene Kudya, 76 Ngombe a Mukiama, 90 Mwene Lumbo, 75, 132 Ngongo a Mbata, 183 Mwene Misete, 76 Nicaragua, 30 Mwene Ndongo, 79 Nieuhof, Johan, 213 Mwene Nkisi, 106 Nieulant, Cronelis, 147, 162, 163, 217, 324 Mwenga a Kiluanje, 197 Njinga Mbandi. See Njinga, Queen Mwenge Kiluanje, 76 Njinga Mona, 150 Njinga Ngola, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 102 Nambe a Kalombe, 148 Njinga Ngola Kilombo kia Kasenda, 84, 85, Nambu a Ngongo,56, 121, 135, 138, 148, 223 87, 89, 91, 130 names, i, 36, 61, 67, 76, 81, 100, 143, 208, Njinga, Queen, 74, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 209, 210, 215, 272, 275, 276, 277, 278, 102, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 279, 280, 281, 283, 293, 311, 316, 329, 330 132, 133, 134, 135, 141, 145, 146, 147, 148, Nassau (ship), 7, 43, 145, 147, 149, 162, 171, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 182, 207, 217, 218 161, 162, 164, 165, 187, 195, 196, 197, Native Americans, 1, 21, 31, 32, 33, 245, 248, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 209, 258, 261, 263, 266, 270, 283, 317, 318, 322 213, 217, 218, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, Ndambi a Ndonga, 148 271, 272, 317 Ndambi a Ngola, 80, 209 nkanda a ukisi, 64 Ndongo, vii, 6, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 64, 69, 70, Nkanga Mvika. See Pedro II 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, nkutu, 218 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98, Noodles’ Island, 46, 251 100, 101, 103, 106, 109, 110, 115, 116, 117, North, Roger, 29 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127, Northhampton, 246

368 Index

Nsala, 149, 164 Point Comfort, 7 nsanga, 61, 212, 214, 290 polygamy, 66, 305 Nsundi, 58, 59, 91, 141, 142, 208, 222, 271 pombeiros, 113, 218 Nunes Belmonte, Diogo, 35 Pombo Samba, 155 Nunes, Simao,˜ 213 Portugal, ix, xi, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 35, 51, 55, Nzambi a Mpungu, 175 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 79, 80, Nzari Kongo, 43, 106 81, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 95, 98, 102, 104, Nzele, 86, 87 107, 109, 110, 116, 119, 130, 132, 135, 136, nzimbu, 178 139, 141, 145, 148, 154, 163, 165, 173, Nzinga a Nkuwu. See Joao˜ I 187, 188, 189, 192, 204, 206, 207, 214, Nzinga Nkuwu, 9, 60, 61, 208 215, 216, 284, 316 nzo a ukisi, 59, 63 Pott, Francis, 244 Powell, Henry, 30 Okanga, 96, 204, 207 Powell, John, 27, 28, 30 Okango, 141, 170, 204 priests, 5, 19, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, Opdyck, Gysbert, 265 79, 81, 83, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, Order of Christ, 172, 223 171, 172, 174, 176, 178, 179, 182, 189, Orinico, 24 190, 194, 195, 198, 199, 202, 203, 206, Orinoco, 261 210, 212 Ouman, Cornelis, 145, 147 privateers, ix, 2, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, Our Lady of the Rosary, 178, 188, 210, 214 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, Ovimbundu, 94, 154 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 47, 48, 109, 160, 167, 222, 246, 247, 254, 255, 256, Paccone, Francesco, 175, 187 258, 259, 260, 271, 319 Pacconio, Francesco, 197, 198 Providence Island, 30, 31, 32, 33, 41, 250, 254, Pacheco, Manuel, 78, 80 255, 256, 258, 271, 297, 298, 315, 328 Packwood, Cyril, 296 Puckrein, Gary, 249, 297 palm wine, 94, 217, 292 Puerto Rico, 18, 20 Panama, 14, 16, 19 Pungo Andongo, 76, 115, 118, 131, 197, 198, Pane, Francis, 246, 282, 285 200, 203 Parker, William, 19 Purchas, Samuel, 19, 21, 33, 95, 101, 301, Parr, Richard, 249 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 309, 313 Parris, John, 47 Puritans, 23, 30, 273 Paulo Afonso, 138 Paulo, Court of Soyo, 142 quilombo. See kilombo Pauw, Michael, 37 Quimbundu. See Ovimbundu Pedro II,91, 138, 139, 141, 146, 158, 164, 223 Pedro, John, 283, 284, 285, 286, 289 Rainbow (ship), 46, 292 pepper, 10 Raleigh, Walter, 20, 21, 262 Pequot War, 32 Rebelo de Aragao,˜ Baltasar, 120, 121, Pereira Coutinho, Manuel, 134 123 Pereira Forjaz, Manuel, 89, 105, 110, 111, Recife, 162, 163, 164, 185, 261 112, 113, 123 Red Lion (ship), 17 Pereira Girao,˜ Joao,˜ 197 regimento, 110 Pernambuco, 21, 35, 36, 37, 43, 161, 165, 271 renda, 58 Peru, 11, 15, 38, 166 Renselaerwyck, 253 Phillip II, 13, 15, 96, 97, 105, 110 Republic of Congo, 52 Phillip III, 114, 122 Rich, Robert, 7, 8, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 257, Phillip IV, 139, 140 291 Pierce, Daniel, 46 Richardson, George, 249 Pierce, William, 8 Rio de Janeiro, 20, 29, 36, 81, 225, 317 Piercy, Abraham, 242, 246 Rodrigues Coutinho, Joao,˜ 91, 92, 97, 111 Pigafetta, Filippo, 54, 56, 83, 86, 87, 96, 106, Rodrigues Solis, Jorge, 97 172, 302, 303, 307, 308, 310, 312, 314 Rolf, John, 7 pirates, 28 Roma, Giovanni Francesco da, 153, 171, 173, Plantation Generation, 239, 240, 241, 244, 185, 208, 216, 217, 220 247, 248, 249, 253, 255, 259, 260, 261, Rome, xi, xiii, 54, 96, 100, 103, 107, 138, 262, 267, 268, 269, 270, 279, 280, 282, 172, 173, 185, 194, 218, 223, 271, 307 290, 293, 298, 300, 312, 323 Roode Hart (ship), 19 Plymouth, New England, 23, 33, 251 Ruiters, Dierick, 314

Index 369

Saint Christopher, 29, 30, 32, 36, 46, Sousa Chichorro, 158, 186 259 Sousa Coelho, Pero de, 136, 138 Saint James Major, 62, 174 Sousa, Mathias de, 284 Saint Kitts. See Saint Christopher South Carolina, 20 Salgado de Araujo,´ Joao,˜ 144, 171 Soveral, Jeronimo do, 174 Samba Antumba, 118 Soyo, 43, 44, 53, 59, 60, 112, 139, 140, 141, Samuel (ship), 7, 21, 32, 33, 45, 46, 47, 95, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 152, 153, 158, 106, 217, 246, 277, 301, 303, 315 164, 165, 167, 170, 171, 172, 174, 177, San Tome´ (on Orinoco), 24 180, 185, 209, 216, 218, 224, 226, 310 Sandoval, Alonso de, 6, 24, 33, Spain, xi, 7, 8, 13, 15, 16, 24, 25, 26, 33, 34, 225 35 , 107, 110, 139, 161, 162, 163, 165, 173, Sandys, Edwin, 7 186 Sangamento, 212 Spanish Armada, 14 Sanguiandali, 75 Spanish Indies, ix, 9, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, Santa Elena Island, 20 23, 24, 26, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 97, Santo Domingo. See Hispaniola 113, 116, 117, 159, 160, 161, 162, 167, 168, Sao˜ Joao˜ Bautista (ship), 5, 6, 7, 17, 28, 40, 222, 251, 267, 268, 271, 297, 320 119, 161 Speke, Thomas, 244 Sao˜ Miguel, 63 St. Christopher, 45, 315 Sao˜ Salvador. See Mbanza Kongo St. Michiels (ship), 43 Sao˜ Tome,´ 9, 13, 17, 35, 38, 39, 45, 52, 65, 68, St. Georges (Bermuda), 7 69, 72, 78, 79, 80, 83, 99, 107 Star (ship), 45, 46 Sarnando, James, 287, 288 States General, 14, 16, 19, 34, 43, 107, 112, sasparilla, 22 140, 182, 314 sassafras, 23 Stone, William, 284 Savoy, 6, 7, 27 Stuyvesant, Pieter, 247, 248, 253, 259, 263, Scarburgh, Edmond, 45, 247 265, 277, 285, 286, 325 Scarburgh, Matilda, 247 sugar, 11, 12, 17, 19, 22, 27, 38, 39, 68, 111, Schetz, Erasmus, 13 216, 249, 250, 254, 255, 260, 261, 268, schools, 64, 171 269, 287, 317, 322 Sea Beggars, 14 Sumbas, 12 Sebastiao˜ I, 82, 83 Swallowe (ship), 46 secular clergy, 67, 104, 105, 176, 179, 189, Swarten (blacks), 37, 42, 264, 316 190, 210 Sweat, Robert, 289 Senegal, 9, 17, 38, 42 Sengas de Cavanga, 148 Taggia, Bonaventura da, 206 Serrao,˜ Luis, 89, 90, 95, 131 Talandongo, 78, 88 Serravezza, Antonio da, 155, 156 Tamandare (ship), 45 Sheppard, Sheppard, 247 Tavares, Pedro, 120, 190, 191, 192, 194, 213, Shirley, Anthony, 18 221, 225, 271, 272 Sierra Leone, 12, 17, 38, 42, 46, 313, 315 Taylor, Phillip, 285 Silva, Daniel da, 141, 142, 143, 153, 158, 171, Taylor, Thomas, 245 182 Tegreman, 29 Simoes,˜ Garcia, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, Teixeira de Mendonc¸a, Antonio, 150, 98, 172 154 Simon Antonio, 245 Teixeira de Saldanha, Bento, 154 slave trade, 13, 39, 44, 45, 67, 70, 123, 159, Teke, 54 294 Tendala, 75, 76, 78, 85, 101, 128, Sluiter, Engel, xi, 6, 13, 22, 23 136 Soares Lasso, Lopo, 144 Teves, Melchior de, 97 sobas, 56, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 85, 87, 88, 89, tobacco, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 216, 249, 90, 92, 100, 101, 102, 104, 111, 115, 119, 251, 253, 254, 255, 269, 285, 291 120, 121, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 136, 149, Tobago, 36, 37, 240, 241, 258, 260, 261, 268, 150, 151, 152, 159, 186, 191, 192, 194, 269, 271 196, 206, 223, 277 Toro, 16 Sonde, 223 Tortuga, 30, 31, 33, 255, 258 Songa, 88, 100, 101 Treasurer (ship), 6, 7, 8, 28, 161, 246, 271, Songo, 74, 110, 156 283 Sonho, Bastiao˜ de, 185 Trinidad, 19, 21, 23, 24, 34, 261, 262 Sotomaior, Francisco de, 150 Trujillo, 31

370 Index

Tunda, 74, 131 Vlissingen, 6 Tyssen, Geurt, 45, 266 Vogado Sottomaior, Manuel, 119, 120 Vogado, Jeronimo, 120, 191, 197, 198, 271 Uchteritz, Heinrich von, 322 Vunga, 75 Udemans, Godefridus Cornelisz, 328 Vungu, 55, 106, 144 ukisi, 63, 171 Ungaro, Bernardo, 207 Waepen van Amsterdam (ship), 248 Upper Guinea, 39, 49 Walsingham (English captain), 27 Utica, 63 Wandu, 133, 150, 151, 152, 155, 171, 202, 203 Warner, Thomas, 29 van Caerden, Paulus, 21 Wembo, 91, 141 van Caerden, Pieter, 21 wene, 57 van Capelle, Frans, 43, 207 West Indies. See Spanish Indies van den Broecke, Pieter, 19, 106, 170, 171, White Lion (ship), 6, 7, 28, 161, 246, 271, 308, 309, 310 283 van der Hagen, Pieter (ship’s captain), 19 White, Richard, 284 van Geel, Joris, 177 Wiapoco, 21, 24, 37, 260 van Pere, Abraham, 37 Wild Coast, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 37, 240, 241, van Uytgeest, Dirck Simonszoon, 36 258, 259, 260, 261, 267, 272 Vasconcelos da Cunha, Francisco de, 134 William of Orange, 14 Vaughan, Alden, 295, 296, 299, 304 Williams, Roger, 321 Vaz, Duarte, 192 Windham, Thomas, 301, 313 Veas, Francisco de, 178, 202 Windhout (ship), 41, 42 Venezuela, 16, 22, 27, 47, 260, 261, 262 Winthrop, John, 32, 46, 321 Venice, 17, 51 Witte Paert (ship), 45, 247, 266, 267, 276 Vera Cruz, 5, 6, 39, 40, 161 Wyndham, Thomas, 11 Vergulden Craen (ship), 25 Vetralla, Giacinto da, 166 Xilonga, 115 Viedma, Pedro de, 261, 262 Xingu River, 21 Virgin Mary, 66, 152, 171 Virginia, i, ix, xi, xii, xiii, 5, 6, 7, 8, 20, 23, Yardley, Francis, 46 28, 31, 40, 45, 46, 48, 161, 242, 243, 244, Yeardley, George, 246 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 254, 255, 256, 258, 267, 270, 271, 272, 275, 276, 277, Zeeland, 19, 24, 30, 34, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 278, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 259, 260, 269, 271 289, 292, 295, 296, 297, 299, 311, 315, 316, Zelotes dos Reis Magros, Calisto, 202 319, 320, 322, 323, 327, 329, 331 Zenza River, 56, 84, 116, 127, 149, 205