DOCSLIB.ORG

荜路篮楼的办学之路 （1950‑1964）= Tan Lark Sye And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
荜路篮楼的办学之路 （1950‑1964）= Tan Lark Sye And This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. 陈六使与南洋大学：荜路篮楼的办学之路 （1950‑1964）= Tan Lark Sye and Nanyang University : the hardship in establising Chinese education (1950‑1964) 利亮时 Lee Leong Sze 2005 Lee, L. S. (2005). 陈六使与南洋大学 ：荜路篮楼的办学之路 （1950‑1964）= Tan Lark Sye and Nanyang University : the hardship in establising Chinese education (1950‑1964). Doctoral thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/6729 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/6729 Nanyang Technological University Downloaded on 08 Oct 2021 22:47:19 SGT ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Time really flies. My three-year study at the Centre for Chinese Language and Culture of Nanyang Technological University has ended with the completion of this thesis. I remember on 25th July 2000, when I came to Singapore to visit my friends and bought a copy of the Lianhe Zaobao, I read news about Associate Professor Lee Guan Kin's plan to recruit students to do a research on the history of Nanyang University. The news stimulated my interest to further my study in Singapore. I am grateful to this issue of Lianhe Zaobao that marked the beginning of my candidature under the supervision of Associate Professor Lee Guan Kin. I would like to express my gratitude to my Supervisor Associate Professor Lee Guan Kin for her valuable comments and patient guidance during the course of my thesis writing. I am deeply impressed and benefited from her rigorous attitude in doing history research and knowledge exploration. I am also grateful to the scholarship granted by the University to enable me to complete the three-year study. I am indebted to the former Director of Centre for Chinese Language and Culture, Professor Chew Cheng Hai and all the staff for giving me their support and guidance. Besides, I would like to express my appreciation to Professor Chin-Yu Chen of Taiwan's National Chung-Hsing University and Associate Professor Wong Sin Kiong of National University of Singapore for their continual guidance and support. I am grateful to my friends who have given their comments and support during my field study trip in Taiwan. They are including Yun Ru, De Wei, Yu Cheng, Xiao Wei, Yan Zuo and Shen Hua. During the course of my research and thesis writing, I had interviewed the Alumni members of the Nanyang University and I would like to take this opportunity to thank them for their comments and support. They are Mr Li Ye Lin, Mr Yang Gui Yi, Mr Wang ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Fa Xiang. Professor Gu Hong Ting, Professor Chen Hong Yu, Professor Pi Shu Min, Professor Hong Lian De, Professor Hu Chu Sheng, Professor Jiang Dao Zhang, Professor Yang Song Nian, Dr Lin Zhong Qiang, Mr Zheng Dong Sheng, Mr Xu Wan Zhong, Mr Lin Yuan De, Ms Wu Li Qing, Mr Miao Jing Xin, Mr Huang Hong Yin, Mr Xu Qi Zhen, Mr Zhuang Wei Tian, etc. I wish to thank three of my fellow research scholars, Ms Khe Su Lin, Ms Li Hui Ling and Mr Zhou Zhao Cheng, for their valuable comments. I am grateful to the staff of the Chinese library of National University of Singapore, including Mr Zeng Xiang Li, Mr Chen Xing Nan, Ms Sun Mei Qiu and Ms Zhang Lai Ying, for their kind assistance and support. Last but not least, my appreciation goes to my family. I want to thank my parents for their understanding and continuous support. I would also like to express my gratitude to my wife for her encouragement and love. ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ABSTRACT This dissertation is divided into seven chapters, with Chapter One being the introduction to its subject matter and the overall approach. There are two parts for the Chapter Two. Part One discusses the involvement and the key role played by the Chinese businessmen in the affairs of Chinese education as well as the colonial government's policy on Chinese education. Part Two briefly describes the effort Mr Tan Lark Sye made for the advancement of the Chinese education, and how much he was open to the kind of influence by Mr Tan Kah Kee. Chapter Three attempts at exploring how Mr Tan made the first move towards establishing Nanyang University (or Nantah) by first looking into his two appeals for the need of a Chinese university and the public backing to realize the goal, with the latter being the decisive one, then following by analyzing the kind of responses, negative as well as positive, to his effort, thus bringing to the focus point in further examining how he stayed the course, in the midst of pros and cons, in carrying out the mission steadfastly. I The Chapter Four will first discuss why Mr. Tan came into dispute, in the course of time in his determined approach, with Dr. Lin Yutang , newly appointed to the post, and then through the analysis of the incident, figure out the factors which contributed to the polarization in terms of their different backgrounds, political stance, and thought or belief against the backdrop of their times. Chapter Five looks into the kind of dilemma Mr. Tan and his colleague were in as the authorities did not recognize the Nantah degree, and the ways he negotiated with the Labour Front, and later the People's Action Party governments respectively. And how the authorities handled the accreditation matter with respect to their view on Nantah. ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Chapter Six touches upon the conflict over the administrative issue of Nantah between Mr.Tan and the PAP government, leading to a kind of power tussle. This gives rise to a number of questions: What kind of situation was developed as a result of the conflict? What was the fate of Mr. Tan? What kind of change happened to Nantah ? This chapter intends to address the questions through analysis. Chapter Seven will end with a round-up for the dissertation. ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identity and Hybridity – Chinese Culture and Aesthetics in the Age of Globalization
    Identity and Hybridity – Chinese Culture and Aesthetics in the Age of Globalization Karl-Heinz Pohl Introduction: Culture and Identity Thirty years ago (1977), Thomas Metzger published a book which became well known in Sinological circles: Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China’s Evolving Political Culture. In this book, Metzger discusses a serious problem Chinese scholars were confronted with at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century: the modernization of China and catching up with the West without giving up two thousand years of culturally valuable Confucian teachings. From the 1920s on, Confucian thought was replaced by Marxist ideology and, with the beginning of the Peoples’ Republic in 1949, the latter was firmly established as the new order of discourse. Metzger argues persuasively, however, in spite of all the new leftist ideology that poured into China after the May Fourth Movement of 1919, that Confucianism was not relegated to the museum of History of Philosophy in China as Joseph Levenson (in his Confucian China and its Modern Fate of 1958) had predicted. Instead, Confucian thought – as an integral part of the Chinese cultural psyche – survived and remained influential, though not visible, in shaping modern China. Even radicals of this time, such as Mao Tse-tung, although they attempted to give China a completely new ideological order, were formed by their cultural tradition to such an extent that it was impossible to shake it off completely. The above historical example is significant for our theme. It concerns the question of persistence of culture in the face of cultural encounters – both of the unfriendly kind, such as the first “clash of civilizations” between China and the West in the 19th century (after the Opium Wars), as well as of the latest and somewhat friendlier meeting, the process of mingling and interpenetration of cultures called globalization.1 Hence, the significance of culture and cultural identity in the age of globalization remains a question to be answered.
    [Show full text]
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY of the COMPLETE Works of LIN YUTANG 1
    APPENDIX: BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE COMPLETE WORKS OF LIN YUTANG1 a. Works in German and German-Chinese Translations 1923 Altchinesiche Lautlehre. Doctoral dissertation, Leipzig University, 1923 (unpublished) “海呐选译”,《晨报副刊, 1923年11月23日, 3–4版(署名:林玉堂) “海呐歌谣第二”,《晨报副刊》, 1923年12月31日, 3版(署名:林玉堂) 1924 “海呐选译”, 《晨报副刊》, 1924年2月2日, 3–4版(署名:林玉堂) “海呐选译”, 《晨报副刊》,1924年2月3日, 4版(署名:林玉堂) “译德文‘古诗无名氏’一首”, 《晨报副刊》, 1924年4月9日, 3版(署名:林 玉堂) “戏论伯拉多氏的恋爱(译海呐诗)”,《晨报副刊》, 1924年4月24日, 3版(署名:林玉堂) “海呐春醒集第十七”, 《晨报副刊》, 1924年4月25日, 3版(署名:林玉堂) “春醒集(第三十六)”, 《晨报副刊》, 1924年6月2日, 3版(署名:林玉堂) 1925 “海呐除夕歌(译)”, 《语丝》, 第11期, 1925年1月26日, 7–8页(署名:林 玉堂) © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 407 S. Qian, Lin Yutang and China’s Search for Modern Rebirth, Canon and World Literature, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4657-5 408 APPENDIX: BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE COMPLETE WORKS OF LIN YUTANG b.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Psychobiographical Study of Lin Yutang
    What Maketh the Man? Towards a Psychobiographical Study of Lin Yutang Roslyn Joy Ricci School of Social Science/Centre for Asian Studies University of Adelaide November 2013 Abstract Dr Lin Yutang, philologist, philosopher, novelist and inventor was America’s most influential native informant on Chinese culture from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s. Theoretical analysis of Lin’s accomplishments is an ongoing focus of research on both sides of the North Pacific: this study suggests why he made particular choices and reacted in specific ways during his lifetime. Psychobiographical theory forms the framework for this research because it provides a structure for searching within texts to understand why Lin made choices that led to his lasting contribution to transcultural literature. It looks at foundational beliefs established in his childhood and youth, at why significant events in adulthood either reinforced or altered these and why some circumstances initiated new beliefs. Lin’s life is viewed through thematic lenses: foundational factors; scholarship and vocation; the influence of women; peer input; and religion, philosophy and humour. Most of his empirical life journey is already documented: this thesis suggests why he felt compelled to act and write as he did. In doing so, it offers possible scenarios of why Lin’s talents developed and why his life journey evolved in a particular manner, place and time. For example, it shows the way in which basic beliefs—formed during Lin’s childhood and youth and later specific events in adulthood—affected his life’s journey. It analyses how his exposure to the theories of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism affected his early childhood basic belief—Christianity—and argues that he accommodated traditional Chinese beliefs within Christianity.
    [Show full text]
  • One Party Dominance Survival: the Case of Singapore and Taiwan
    One Party Dominance Survival: The Case of Singapore and Taiwan DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lan Hu Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor R. William Liddle Professor Jeremy Wallace Professor Marcus Kurtz Copyrighted by Lan Hu 2011 Abstract Can a one-party-dominant authoritarian regime survive in a modernized society? Why is it that some survive while others fail? Singapore and Taiwan provide comparable cases to partially explain this puzzle. Both countries share many similar cultural and developmental backgrounds. One-party dominance in Taiwan failed in the 1980s when Taiwan became modern. But in Singapore, the one-party regime survived the opposition’s challenges in the 1960s and has remained stable since then. There are few comparative studies of these two countries. Through empirical studies of the two cases, I conclude that regime structure, i.e., clientelistic versus professional structure, affects the chances of authoritarian survival after the society becomes modern. This conclusion is derived from a two-country comparative study. Further research is necessary to test if the same conclusion can be applied to other cases. This research contributes to the understanding of one-party-dominant regimes in modernizing societies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the Lord, Jesus Christ. “Counsel and sound judgment are mine; I have insight, I have power. By Me kings reign and rulers issue decrees that are just; by Me princes govern, and nobles—all who rule on earth.” Proverbs 8:14-16 iii Acknowledgments I thank my committee members Professor R.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Conference on the Cross-Cultural Legacy of Lin Yutang in China and America
    The International Conference on the Cross-cultural Legacy of Lin Yutang in China and America Venue: Multi-Media Conference Room, 4/F, Cheng Yick Chi Building 19-20 December 2011 City University of Hong Kong Organized by: Department of Chinese, Translation and Linguistics, City University of Hong Kong Co-sponsored by: US Consulate in Hong Kong Program Schedule 18 December 2011 (Sunday) 6:30pm Pre-Conference reception dinner (Chao Yang Chinese Cuisine) 19 December 2011 (Monday) 9:30 – Registration 9:45am 9:45 – Opening Ceremony 10:10am Professor Arthur B. Ellis Provost, City University of Hong Kong Professor Kingsley Bolton Acting Dean, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences City University of Hong Kong Dr. Sin King Kui Acting Head, Department of Chinese, Translation and Linguistics City University of Hong Kong Dr. Qian Suoqiao Conference Organizer, City University of Hong Kong 1 10:10 – Photo Session and Tea Reception 10:30am 10:30am – Keynote Session 11:20pm Chih-ping Chou, Princeton University “林语堂的抗争精神” Chair: Qian Suoqiao, City University of Hong Kong 11:20 – Panel 1: Lin Yutang and Chinese Language 12:20pm Peng Chunling, Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Science “林语堂与现代中国的语文运动” Thomas S. Mullaney, Stanford University “Splitting the Chinese Atom: Lin Yutang, the MingKwai Typewriter, and the Crisis of Information Retrieval in 20th Century China” Chair and Discussant: Vivian Lee, City University of Hong Kong 12:20 – Lunch (Chinese Restaurant) 2:30pm (hosted by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong) 2:30 – Panel
    [Show full text]
  • Portrayals of an Overseas Chinese Tycoon in Southeast Asia
    BEYOND REPRESENTATION ? PORTRAYALS OF AN OVERSEAS CHINESE TYCOON IN SOUTHEAST ASIA HUANG Jianli, PhD Department of History National University of Singapore Email: [email protected] (2011 Lee Kong Chian NUS-Stanford Distinguished Fellow on Southeast Asia) 26 April 2011, Tuesday, 12-1.30 pm [***Presentation based partly upon journal article: Huang Jianli, ‘Shifting Culture and Identity: Three Portraits of Singapore Entrepreneur Lee Kong Chian’, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 82.1 (Jun 2009): 71-100] 1 PRELIMINARIES • Gensis of project on ‘Lee Kong Chian 李光前 & His Economic Empire’ – A most impt Ch entrepr in Ch diaporic landscape fr 1920s~1960s – OC story of rags to riches, econ empire over Spore-Malaya(sia)-Indonesia – Shock discovery on extant writings: almost solely Ch-lang pubns + repetitive • Thrust of today’s seminar: Beyond Representation ??? – Part I: Representational analysis as core Ø Historiographical but aim at revealing cultural & identity politics Ø Surmising 3 portrayals v A leading capitalist & philanthropist in Nanyang v A representative patriot of the Ch diaspora v A local ‘Virtuous Pioneer’ 先贤 in revised Spore history template – Part II: Moving beyond representation Ø Limitations of representation-portrayal Ø Current lines of empirical exploration • Introducing the man (1893-1967) – Migrated 1903, age 10 fr Furong 芙蓉– Nan’an 南安 – Fujia福建 to Spore – Back to Ch for edn 1908-1912 & return as sch teacher, translator, surveyor – With tycoon Tan Kah Kee 陈嘉庚, married daughter, started own biz 1928 – Built up empire in Grt Depr & Korean War, retired 1954, died @ age 74 – Still legacy & big impact today thro’ Lee Foundation 2 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Papers
    UCLA Working Papers Title Chinese Philanthropic Response to COVID-19 in the Malaysian Context Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/30g7n9bh Authors Lee, Kenneth Tze Wui Chin, Yee Mun Eng, May Chuen et al. Publication Date 2021-04-09 Data Availability The data associated with this publication are in the supplemental files. eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Working Paper Series Chinese Philanthropic Response to COVID-19 in the Malaysian Context Kenneth Lee Tze Wui, Chin Yee Mun, Eng May Chuen, Lee Jenn Yuan, and Phua Yeong Nan Tun Tan Cheng Lock Centre for Social and Policy Studies Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia April 9, 2021 Presented at the International Symposium on Global Chinese Philanthropy, co-hosted by the UCLA Asia Pacific Center and the UC Irvine Long US-China Institute, March 19-20, 2021. Funding provided by the Long Family Foundation and Mr. Xiangli Chen through the UCLA Asia Pacific Center China and Beyond Forum. UCLA Asia Pacific Center · 11387 Bunche Hall · Los Angeles, CA 90095 https://international.ucla.edu/apc Chinese Philanthropy in Malaysia The Chinese came to the Malay Archipelago as early as the Han dynasty (BC202-AD220) (Xu, 1961) and their visits and relationships with the archipelago accelerated during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). While en route to the Western Ocean between 1405 and 1433, a fleet led by an envoy of the Ming dynasty, Admiral Cheng Ho, visited several times the Malacca Sultanate, which was centred in the modern-day state of Malacca, Malaysia. As a result, some Chinese chose to stay back in Malacca and married the locals.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tale of Two Warlords Republican China During the 1920S by Matthew R
    Asia: Biographies and Personal Stories, Part I A Tale of Two Warlords Republican China During the 1920s By Matthew R. Portwood and John P. Dunn When the wind blows, the grass bends with the wind. —Yuan Shikai Soldiers of Feng Yuxiang practice with their heavy machine guns ca. 1930. Source: US Army Heritage and Educational Center. sually translated into English as “warlords,” junfa were the bane of Chinese, who suffered from their misrule, were Republican China. Some were highly trained officers, others self- all too familiar with the warlords. Sun Yat-sen, made strategists or graduates of the “school of forestry,” a Chinese Ueuphemism for banditry. In the words of a contemporary, they “did more acclaimed “Father of the Republic,” denounced harm for China in sixteen years than all the foreign gunboats could have done in a hundred years.”1 Warlords struggled for power between the death them as “a single den of badgers.” of would-be Emperor Yuan Shikai in 1916 and the end of the republic in 1949. Holdouts dominated remote frontier provinces until 1950; some of their lieutenants fought a decade later to control drug trafficking in the this in his New Yorker satire on the 1936 Xian Mutiny, in which warlord Golden Triangle. Zheng Xueliang kidnapped Guomindong leader Chiang Kai-shek: Warlords began their rise to power during the 1911 Revolution that “Young” Chang (“Old” Chang’s son, but not “Scalawag” Chang or “Red” ended millennia of imperial rule. Leaders like dentist-turned-revolution- Chang) offered to return the Generalissimo to Soong, who didn’t give a ary Sun Yat-sen argued Western-style Republicanism was the new stan- hang, but was only negotiating for his sister (who is married to Chiang).
    [Show full text]
  • Canon and World Literature
    Canon and World Literature Series editor Zhang Longxi City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong World literature is indeed the most exciting new phenomenon in liter- ary studies today. It is on the rise as the economic, political, and demo- graphic relationships and balances are changing rapidly in a globalized world. A new concept of world literature is responding to such changes and is advocating a more inclusive and truly global conceptualization of canonical literature in the world’s different literary and cultural tra- ditions. With a number of anthologies, monographs, companions, and handbooks already published and available, there is a real need to have a book series that convey to interested readers what the new concept of world literature is or should be. To put it clearly, world literature is not and cannot be the simple conglomeration of all the literary works writ- ten in the world, but only the very best works from the world’s different literatures, particularly literary traditions that have not been well stud- ied beyond their native environment. That is to say, world literature still needs to establish its canon by including great works of literature not just from the major traditions of Western Europe, but also literary traditions in other parts of the world as well as the “minor” or insuffciently stud- ied literatures in Europe and North America. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15725 Qian Suoqiao Lin Yutang and China’s Search for Modern Rebirth Qian Suoqiao Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Canon and World Literature ISBN 978-981-10-4656-8 ISBN 978-981-10-4657-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4657-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017939888 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intellectual Origins of Lin Yutang's Cultural
    ABSTRACT Title of thesis: THE INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS OF LIN YUTANG’S CULTURAL INTERNATIONALISM, 1928-1938 Madalina Yuk-Ling Lee, Master of Arts, 2009 Thesis directed by: Professor James Z. Gao Department of History Cultural internationalism is international relations guided by intercultural affairs rather than by interstate affairs. From the outset of modern international history, two models of cultural internationalism have emerged—symmetrical and asymmetrical. The asymmetrical model—the one-way import of cultural ideas—was reserved for the non- Western world. China under the Chiang Kai-shek regime naturally falls under the asymmetrical model. The symmetrical model—the reciprocal exchange of cultural ideas—was reserved for the intra-Western world. My study shows how Lin Yutang, in 1935, defied the restrictions of the symmetrical model and implemented symmetrical cultural internationalism—reciprocal cultural exchange with the Western world—with incredible success. My study also contributes a new analytical framework for cross-cultural studies by analyzing the ideology and methodology of Lin Yutang’s framework from the perspective of cultural internationalism. Moreover, this study traces the origin of Lin’s framework to one of the New Culture paradigms conceived by Hu Shi and Zhou Zuoren. THE INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS OF LIN YUTANG’S CULTURAL INTERNATIONALISM, 1928-1938 By Madalina Yuk-Ling Lee Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2009 Advisory Committee: Professor James Z. Gao, Chair Professor Keith W. Olson Professor Jianmei Liu ©Copyright by Madalina Yuk-Ling Lee 2009 ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor, Professor James Gao, for his many insightful comments on my thesis and for having offered a thought-provoking seminar on Chinese historiography (HIST 768), during which he first lectured on the beauty and challenges of constructing a historiographical paradigm.
    [Show full text]
  • The British Intelligence Community in Singapore, 1946-1959: Local
    The British intelligence community in Singapore, 1946-1959: Local security, regional coordination and the Cold War in the Far East Alexander Nicholas Shaw Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD The University of Leeds, School of History January 2019 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Alexander Nicholas Shaw to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Alexander Nicholas Shaw in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who have supported me during this project. Firstly, to my funders, the White Rose College of the Arts and Humanities and the Arts and Humanities Research Council. Caryn Douglas and Clare Meadley have always been most encouraging and have never stinted in supplying sausage rolls. At Leeds, I am grateful to my supervisors Simon Ball, Adam Cathcart and, prior to his retirement, Martin Thornton. Emma Chippendale and Joanna Phillips have been invaluable guides in navigating the waters of PhD admin. In Durham, I am indebted to Francis Gotto from Palace Green Library and the Oriental Museum’s Craig Barclay and Rachel Barclay. I never expected to end up curating an exhibition of Asian art when I started researching British intelligence, but Rachel and Craig made that happen.
    [Show full text]
  • THE IMPORTANCE of LIVING. by Lin Yutang. Morrow. 462 Pp
    inated by corporations is one in which most they court truth like ardent lovers, but sel- individuals are “employees rather than inde- dom propose to marry her.” In the Chinese pendent producers.” Hayek never demon- tradition, the point is not to “have a great strated how capitalism, which presupposes philosophy or have a few great philoso- the continued vitality of an entrepreneurial phers”; rather it is “to take things philosoph- class, could survive in such an adverse envi- ically”—to live in a way that makes life not ronment. only bearable but delightful. Perhaps most timely is Gamble’s observa- Delight is Lin’s true subject. Should we tion that “the apartheid regime in South read books to improve our minds? No, he Africa in the 1950s and 1960s could have replies, “because when one begins to think been defended on Hayekian principles.” of improving his mind, all the pleasure is That the regime lacked democratic or moral gone.” Sitting upright at a desk will not help. legitimacy is of little matter; it was capitalist, Conversely, “if one knows the enjoyment of after all. No wonder the American Left reading,” one can study anywhere, “even in never devoted much time to refuting Hayek’s the best schools.” And when school is out, ideas. It understood that an exclusively eco- one can follow “the famous Ch’ing scholar, nomic argument in favor of bourgeois soci- Ku Ch’ienli,... ‘known for his habit of read- ety leaves that society defenseless against its ing Confucian classics naked’ in summer.” radical critics. The lesson Lin teaches is that delight is —Adam Wolfson neither as easy nor as hard to attain as people think.
    [Show full text]