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Kadsura En Schisandra Zijn Geen Steunbladen

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Kadsura En Schisandra Zijn Geen Steunbladen van het verspreidingsgebied ligt in Zuid-China. Kadsura is het Japanse woord voor klimplant. De enkelvoudige bladeren staan verspreid en er Kadsura en Schisandra zijn geen steunbladen. De bladrand is gaafrandig of onregelmatig (fijn) getand tot fijn gezaagd. Met uitzondering van één soort (K. induta) zijn R. T. Houtman de planten onbehaard. De bloemen verschijnen in de bladoksels. Ze staan gewoonlijk alleen, Van de kleine familie Schisand­ maar verschijnen soms ook in compacte bun­ raceae treffen we maar twee dels, met name aan de basis van nieuw gegroei­ de scheuten. Er is geen onderscheid tussen kelk geslachten in de Nederlandse en kroon; de vrij dikke, vlezige bloembladen tuinen aan: Kadsura en Schis­ (tepalen) staan spiraalsgewijs ingeplant in een andra. Beide zijn klimplanten. iets verlengde bloembodem, evenals de meeldra­ De in Nederland gekweekte den en stempels. De bloemen kunnen wit, crème, geel, rood of roze zijn. soorten lijken op het eerste De vruchten zijn vlezige schijnvruchten, die gezicht niet erg op elkaar. Toch gevormd worden door het uitgroeien van de ver­ verschillen beide geslachten in dikte bloembodem. Bij Kadsura vormen deze een bolvotmige cluster besachtige vruchten. Ze morfologische kenmerken zijn aanvankelijk groen, maar kleuren later diep­ slechts in detail van elkaar. rood tot violet. Enkele soorten en cultivars zijn Slechts één soort is voldoende' winterhard in Nederland: Kadsura japonica. Daarnaast kunnen in Nederland verassend winter­ enkele andere soorten sporadisch in cultuur wor­ hard. Daarom verdienen deze den aangetroffen: Kadsura heteroelila en K. lon­ vrij onbekende gewassen meer 103. Schisandra rubrijlora wordt aanbevolen van­ gipedunculata. Beiden zijn inheems in (zuid)west wege de mooie bloemen. China en onvoldoende winterhard in West Euro­ aandacht. Sterker nog: het zijn pa. Ze zijn in dit verband dan ook niet relevant en waardevolle tuinplanten. ca en de cultivar 'Fukurin' en Schisandra gran­ zullen hier niet verder behandeld worden. diflora, S. rubriflora en S. sphenanthera zijn aanbevelenswaardige klimplanten die vanwege Kadsurajaponica (L.) Durral het mooie blad (Kadsura) en de mooie bloei Als enige winterharde soort heeft Kadsura japo­ Overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen ten van verschillende Kadsura en Schisandra (Schisandra) prima in Nederlandse tuinen toege­ nica ook het meest noordelijke verspreidingsge­ Kadsura en Schisandra soorten gebruikt als geneeskruid. De nauwe ver­ past kunnen worden. Zeker tuinliefhebbers die bied binnen het geslacht. Zoals de naam al aan­ Kadsura en Schisandra zijn zeer nauw met wantschap tussen beide geslachten wordt hier eens een andere klimplant willen planten en toch geeft is deze soort (als enige van het geslacht) elkaar verwant. Het zijn vooral verschillen in de bevestigd. In de Japanse kruidengeneeskunde sierwaarde zoeken zullen deze planten weten te inheems in Japan. mannelijke bloemdelen die bepalen tot welk hebben Kadsurajaponica en Schisandra chinen­ waarderen. Genoemde soorten en cultivars zijn geslacht de planten behoren. Bij Kadsura is de sis dezelfde Japanse naam. Met name worden de in ons klimaat voldoende winterhard. top van de meeldraden bezet met steriele aan­ extracten gebruikt bij het bestrijden van nier­ De planten houden van een voedzame en goed hangsels en bij Schisandra niet. Bovendien staan ziekten, reuma en diarree. doorlatende grond; lichte zand-, veen- en zavel­ de meeldraden bij Kadsura vrij (hoewel in som­ Extracten van Schisandra worden ook in moder­ gronden verdienen de voorkeur boven zware mige soorten zeer dicht opeen) en zijn meeldra­ ne frisdranken toegepast omdat het bevorderlijk grondsoorten zoals kleigronden. Een plaats in de den bij Schisandra minstens aan de basis ver­ voor de bloedsomloop zou zijn. Van diverse halfschaduw zal prima voldoen. Kadsura en groeid. soorten Kadsura en Schisandra worden de Schisandra lenen zich prima om over een pergo­ Verder hebben Schisandra en Kadsura beide een vruchten lokaal gegeten. la te laten groeien. Als de takken horizontaal typische verlengde bloembodem. Bij Schisandra De vruchten van Schisandra worden locaal gege­ groeien zijn de bloemen nog beter zichtbaar. groeit deze verder uit na bestuiving van de bloe­ ten (zie Dendrafl ora 36, p. 25 en 33). Een extra men, waardoor de besachtige vruchten aan han­ toevoeging daarop: in China hebben deze bessen gende aartjes bevestigd lijken. de naam "wuweizi", dat "vij f smaken fruit" bete­ Kadsura Jussieu Gewoonlijk zijn de bloemen eenslachtig en de kend. De bessen hebben alle vijf basissmaken: planten eenhuizig. Mannelijke en vrouwelijke zout, zoet, zuur, bitter en scherp. Het geslacht bestaat uit 16 soorten klim- en slin­ bloemen verschijnen dus aan dezelfde planten. Verschillende soorten lenen zich om als tuin­ gerplanten. Het verspreidingsgebied strekt zich plant in Noordwest Europa toegepast te worden. uit van Sri Lanka in het westen tot de Filippijnen Toepassing van Kadsura en Schisandra De meeste soorten van Kadsura en Schisandra in het oosten en Java in het zuiden tot Zuid­ Van oudsher worden de wortels, bast en vruch- zijn collectersitems. Met name Kadsura japoni- Korea en Japan in het noorden. Het zwaartepunt 104. Kadsura japonica I 02 Dendraflora nr 42 2005 Dendraflora nr 42 2005 103 In Nederland is deze klimplant gewoonlijk win­ Door het glanzende donkergroene blad heeft de gata' de door Europeanen gegeven cultivarnaam ten. Ze zijn alleenstaand of verschijnen in kleine tergroen tot halfbladverliezend (afhankelijk van plant een gezonde uitstraling en de typische voor de Japanse cultivar 'Fukurin' , die al bekend bundels. Bij snelgroeiende soorten (waaronder koude). De groei is compact en dicht en gewoon­ bloemen zorgen voor een zekere meerwaarde en was voordat er contacten met Japan waren. S. propinqua) verschijnen de bloemen vrijwel lijk worden de planten niet hoger dan circa 2,5 geven de plant een ietwat exclusief karakter. Het Alle de auteur als 'Variegata' bekende exempla­ altijd alleenstaand in de bladoksels. m. De glanzend donkergroene bladeren zijn rela­ is raadzaam Kadsura japonica bij voorkeur in de ren blijken identiek aan 'Fukurin'. De bloemen hebben dezelfde bouw als bij het tief dik en leerachtig. Ze kunnen circa I 0 cm halfschaduw te planten. nauw verwante Kadsura (zie aldaar). Ze varië­ lang en 5 cm breed worden (lengte-breedte ver­ Enkele cultivars zijn op beperkte schaal in Kadsura japonica 'Kompe' ren in kleur van crèmewit, lichtgeel tot dieprood. houding I ,8 tot 2,5). De bladrand is gaaf tot fijn omloop. Verschillende hiervan zijn bontbladig, Nieuwe cultivar die gevonden werd door Mr. Ook Schisandra heeft vlezige schijnvruchten, getand of fijn gezaagd. over het algemeen groeien deze minder snel dan Toshikumi Kumagae uit Fukuoka in Japan en in maar omdat de bloembodem zich zeer sterk In de natuur valt de bloeiperiode tussen april en de soort: 2005 door Shikoku Garden nursery in de handel strekt bij het rijpen, lijken de besachtige vruch­ oktober (afhankelijk van het klimaat), maar in werd gebracht. Barry Yinger, Lewisberry, Pen­ ten aan lange sierlijke aren te hangen. Dit is ook Nederland openen de bloemen gewoonlijk in de Kadsura japonica 'Chirifu' nsylvania, Verenigde Staten introduceerde deze een van de belangrijkste verschillen tussen beide tweede helft van de zomer. De hangende bloe­ Werd door het U.S. National Arboretum, Was­ plant in het westen. geslachten. men verschijnen aan de eenjarige twijgen en zijn hington, Verenigde Staten, benaamd. Deze culti­ De bladeren zijn iets smaller en langer dan bij de zachtgeeL De mannelijke bloemen bezitten 30 var heeft zeer sterk gespikkelde en gemarmerde soort en iets gedraaid. De bladranden zijn wit tot Taxonomische geschiedenis tot 50 rode meeldraden. Het hart van vrouwelij­ bladeren. In hoeverre 'Chirifu' afwijkt van de crèmewit terwijl de bladschijf grijs en wit De naam Schisandra werd voor het eerst gepu­ ke bloemen bestaat uit crèmekleurige tot lichtge­ hieronder genoemde 'Chirimen' is niet duide­ gemannerd en gevlekt is. bliceerd door André Michaux in 1803. Michaux le stempels. De vruchten bestaan uit bolvormige lijk. (1746-1803) was een Franse botanicus, planten­ clusters van 34 tot 40 vlezige vruchtbladen Kadsura japonica 'Kumagai' verzamelaar en ontdekkingsreiziger. Hij heeft waarin 1 tot 3 zaden per vruchtbeginsel rijpen. Kadsura japonica 'Chirimen' Nieuwe Japanse cultivar met de zelfde herkomst verschillende planten vanuit het oosten van De vruchten kleuren bij rijpen rood tot purper. In De bladeren zijn in onregelmatige patronen crè­ als 'Kompe'. Noord Amerika in Europa geïntroduceerd. In het Nederlandse klimaat verschijnen er gewoon­ mewit gestreept en gemarmerd. De bladeren zijn sterk crème en geel gevlekt. 1803 (vermoedelijk op 19 maart) y erscheen zijn lijk geen vruchten aan K. japonica. werk Flora boreali-Americana (Flora van Noord Vanwege het min of meer groenblijvende karak­ Kadsura japonica 'Fukurin' Kadsura japonica 'Shiromi' Amerika). Hierin beschreef hij Schisandra coc­ ter kan K. japonica een waardevolle aanwinst De groene bladeren zijn onregelmatig crèmewit In tegenstelling tot de soort, krijgt deze cultivar cinea. Omstreeks dezelfde tijd (eind februari­ zijn voor West-Europese tuinen. Hoewel som­ tot geelachtig wit gerand. crèmewitte vruchten. Ook hierbij moet worden begin maart 1803) beschreef John Briekeil mige werken USDA hardheidszone 9 (maximaal In 1877 werd K. japonica var. variegata door opgemerkt dat deze in het Nederlandse klimaat (1 749-1809) dezelfde plant als Stellandria gla­ -7 oq aangeven, is de ervaring dat
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