Genomic Features of Cladobotryum Dendroides, Which Causes Cobweb Disease in Edible Mushrooms, and Identification of Genes Related to Pathogenicity and Mycoparasitism
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Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10 -
<I>Hypomyces</I> and Its Original Species
MYCOTAXON Volume 108, pp. 185–195 April–June 2009 The correct authorship of the genus Hypomyces and its original species S.R. Pennycook [email protected] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92 170, Auckland, New Zealand Abstract — Historically, the abbreviation ‘Tul.’ was used indiscriminately to indicate authorship by L.-R. Tulasne as sole author and by L.-R. & C. Tulasne as joint authors. This ambiguity continues to result in misattribution of many names for which the author has previously been designated as ‘Tul.’, for example the genus Hypomyces. Linguistic analysis of numerous papers published by the Tulasne brothers confirms that they were joint authors of the protologue of the genus Hypomyces and its original 18 species. Therefore, using modern standard botanical author abbreviations, these names should be attributed to ‘Tul. & C.Tul.’, and not to ‘Tul.’ Key words — nomenclature, Nees, Saccardo, Sydow, Hypomyces lactifluorum Introduction In the past, authors of taxonomic names have frequently been indicated by a miscellany of non-standardised—and often ambiguous—abbreviations. The publication of a comprehensive list of unambiguous standard botanical author abbreviations by Brummitt & Powell (1992) consolidated and expanded several previous partial lists, and the IPNI Authors website (IPNI 2009) continues to update the list. Nevertheless, there is still potential for error when the old ambiguous abbreviations are interpreted uncritically as if they were modern standard author abbreviations. Old abbreviations -
Mycoparasite Hypomyces Odoratus Infests Agaricus Xanthodermus Fruiting Bodies in Nature Kiran Lakkireddy1,2†, Weeradej Khonsuntia1,2,3† and Ursula Kües1,2*
Lakkireddy et al. AMB Expr (2020) 10:141 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01085-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Mycoparasite Hypomyces odoratus infests Agaricus xanthodermus fruiting bodies in nature Kiran Lakkireddy1,2†, Weeradej Khonsuntia1,2,3† and Ursula Kües1,2* Abstract Mycopathogens are serious threats to the crops in commercial mushroom cultivations. In contrast, little is yet known on their occurrence and behaviour in nature. Cobweb infections by a conidiogenous Cladobotryum-type fungus iden- tifed by morphology and ITS sequences as Hypomyces odoratus were observed in the year 2015 on primordia and young and mature fruiting bodies of Agaricus xanthodermus in the wild. Progress in development and morphologies of fruiting bodies were afected by the infections. Infested structures aged and decayed prematurely. The mycopara- sites tended by mycelial growth from the surroundings to infect healthy fungal structures. They entered from the base of the stipes to grow upwards and eventually also onto lamellae and caps. Isolated H. odoratus strains from a diseased standing mushroom, from a decaying overturned mushroom stipe and from rotting plant material infected mushrooms of diferent species of the genus Agaricus while Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies were largely resistant. Growing and grown A. xanthodermus and P. ostreatus mycelium showed degrees of resistance against the mycopatho- gen, in contrast to mycelium of Coprinopsis cinerea. Mycelial morphological characteristics (colonies, conidiophores and conidia, chlamydospores, microsclerotia, pulvinate stroma) and variations of fve diferent H. odoratus isolates are presented. In pH-dependent manner, H. odoratus strains stained growth media by pigment production yellow (acidic pH range) or pinkish-red (neutral to slightly alkaline pH range). -
Two New Species and a New Chinese Record of Hypocreaceae As Evidenced by Morphological and Molecular Data
MYCOBIOLOGY 2019, VOL. 47, NO. 3, 280–291 https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2019.1641062 RESEARCH ARTICLE Two New Species and a New Chinese Record of Hypocreaceae as Evidenced by Morphological and Molecular Data Zhao Qing Zeng and Wen Ying Zhuang State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY To explore species diversity of Hypocreaceae, collections from Guangdong, Hubei, and Tibet Received 13 February 2019 of China were examined and two new species and a new Chinese record were discovered. Revised 27 June 2019 Morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the ITS, LSU, EF-1a, and RPB2 Accepted 4 July 2019 regions support their placements in Hypocreaceae and the establishments of the new spe- Hypomyces hubeiensis Agaricus KEYWORDS cies. sp. nov. is characterized by occurrence on fruitbody of Hypomyces hubeiensis; sp., concentric rings formed on MEA medium, verticillium-like conidiophores, subulate phia- morphology; phylogeny; lides, rod-shaped to narrowly ellipsoidal conidia, and absence of chlamydospores. Trichoderma subiculoides Trichoderma subiculoides sp. nov. is distinguished by effuse to confluent rudimentary stro- mata lacking of a well-developed flank and not changing color in KOH, subcylindrical asci containing eight ascospores that disarticulate into 16 dimorphic part-ascospores, verticillium- like conidiophores, subcylindrical phialides, and subellipsoidal to rod-shaped conidia. Morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are discussed. Hypomyces orthosporus is found for the first time from China. 1. Introduction Members of the genus are mainly distributed in temperate and tropical regions and economically The family Hypocreaceae typified by Hypocrea Fr. -
(Hypocreales) Proposed for Acceptance Or Rejection
IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · no 1: 41–51 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.05 Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) ARTICLE proposed for acceptance or rejection Amy Y. Rossman1, Keith A. Seifert2, Gary J. Samuels3, Andrew M. Minnis4, Hans-Josef Schroers5, Lorenzo Lombard6, Pedro W. Crous6, Kadri Põldmaa7, Paul F. Cannon8, Richard C. Summerbell9, David M. Geiser10, Wen-ying Zhuang11, Yuuri Hirooka12, Cesar Herrera13, Catalina Salgado-Salazar13, and Priscila Chaverri13 1Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA; corresponding author e-mail: Amy.Rossman@ ars.usda.gov 2Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada 3321 Hedgehog Mt. Rd., Deering, NH 03244, USA 4Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-U.S. Forest Service, One Gifford Pincheot Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA 5Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 6CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences and Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 8Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 9Sporometrics, Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6K 1Y9 10Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA 11State -
Tropical Species of Cladobotryum and Hypomyces Producing Red Pigments
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 68: 1–34. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.01 Tropical species of Cladobotryum and Hypomyces producing red pigments Kadri Põldmaa Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, and Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Correspondence: Kadri Põldmaa, [email protected] Abstract: Twelve species of Hypomyces/Cladobotryum producing red pigments are reported growing in various tropical areas of the world. Ten of these are described as new, including teleomorphs for two previously known anamorphic species. In two species the teleomorph has been found in nature and in three others it was obtained in culture; only anamorphs are known for the rest. None of the studied tropical collections belongs to the common temperate species H. rosellus and H. odoratus to which the tropical teleomorphic collections had previously been assigned. Instead, taxa encountered in the tropics are genetically and morphologically distinct from the nine species of Hypomyces/Cladobotryum producing red pigments known from temperate regions. Besides observed host preferences, anamorphs of several species can spread fast on soft ephemeral agaricoid basidiomata but the slower developing teleomorphs are mostly found on polyporoid basidiomata or bark. While a majority of previous records from the tropics involve collections from Central America, this paper also reports the diversity of these fungi in the Paleotropics. Africa appears to hold a variety of taxa as five of the new species include material collected in scattered localities of this mostly unexplored continent. In examining distribution patterns, most of the taxa do not appear to be pantropical. -
Genome Analysis of Hypomyces Perniciosus, the Causal Agent of Wet Bubble Disease of Button Mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus)
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Genome Analysis of Hypomyces perniciosus, the Causal Agent of Wet Bubble Disease of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) 1, 1, 1 1, 1,2, Dan Li y, Frederick Leo Sossah y , Lei Sun , Yongping Fu * and Yu Li * 1 Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; [email protected] (D.L.); fl[email protected] (F.L.S.); [email protected] (L.S.) 2 International Cooperation Research Center of China for New Germplasm and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.F.); [email protected] (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-431-8453-2989 (Y.L.) These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 4 April 2019; Accepted: 27 May 2019; Published: 29 May 2019 Abstract: The mycoparasitic fungus Hypomyces perniciosus causes wet bubble disease of mushrooms, particularly Agaricus bisporus. The genome of a highly virulent strain of H. perniciosus HP10 was sequenced and compared to three other fungi from the order Hypocreales that cause disease on A. bisporus. H. perniciosus genome is ~44 Mb, encodes 10,077 genes and enriched with transposable elements up to 25.3%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H. perniciosus is closely related to Cladobotryum protrusum and diverged from their common ancestor ~156.7 million years ago. H. perniciosus has few secreted proteins compared to C. protrusum and Trichoderma virens, but significantly expanded protein families of transporters, protein kinases, CAZymes (GH 18), peptidases, cytochrome P450, and SMs that are essential for mycoparasitism and adaptation to harsh environments. -
Species of Hypomyces and Nectria Occurring on Discomycetes Author(S): Clark T
Species of Hypomyces and Nectria Occurring on Discomycetes Author(s): Clark T. Rogerson and Gary J. Samuels Source: Mycologia, Vol. 77, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1985), pp. 763-783 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3793285 Accessed: 09-08-2017 17:28 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3793285?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Taylor & Francis, Ltd. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Mycologia This content downloaded from 93.56.160.3 on Wed, 09 Aug 2017 17:28:22 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Mycologia, 77(5), 1985, pp. 763-783. ? 1985, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 SPECIES OF HYPOMYCES AND NECTRIA OCCURRING ON DISCOMYCETES Clark T. Rogerson The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 AND Gary J. Samuels Plant Diseases Division, DSIR, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand ABSTRACT Hypomyces papulasporae (synanamorphs = Papulaspora sp., Sibirina sp.), H. papula- sporae var. -
AR TICLE Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae
IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · NO 1: 41–51 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.05 Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) ARTICLE proposed for acceptance or rejection Amy Y. Rossman1, Keith A. Seifert2, Gary J. Samuels3, Andrew M. Minnis4, Hans-Josef Schroers5, Lorenzo Lombard6, Pedro W. Crous6, Kadri Põldmaa7, Paul F. Cannon8, Richard C. Summerbell9, David M. Geiser10, Wen-ying Zhuang11, Yuuri Hirooka12, Cesar Herrera13, Catalina Salgado-Salazar13, and Priscila Chaverri13 1Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA; corresponding author e-mail: Amy.Rossman@ ars.usda.gov 2Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada 3321 Hedgehog Mt. Rd., Deering, NH 03244, USA 4Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-U.S. Forest Service, One Gifford Pincheot Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA 5Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 6CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences and Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 8Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 9Sporometrics, Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6K 1Y9 10Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA 11State -
Cladobotrium
Apr 20Pathogen of the month – April 2020 Nees) d a b c Fig. 1. a) Cladobotryum spp. hyphae and spores; b) cobweb-like white mycelium on the surface of diseased white button mushrooms; c) conidia (spores) and d) the apex and base of a conidiophore and the formation of a conidium at the apex. Common Name: Cobweb disease Disease: Cobweb disease Classification: K: Fungi P: Ascomycota C: Sordariomycetes O: Hypocreales F: Hypocreaceae Dactylium Historically, the soil habiting fungus Cladobotryum dendroides (Teleopmorh- Hypomyces rosellus) is the main causal agent of cobweb disease of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. However, there are several Cladobotryum species that cause cobweb disease in commercially cultivated white button mushroom and other economically and wild edible mushrooms .The Cladobotryum protrusum genome is the first complete genome to be sequenced in the genus Cladobotryum (39.09 Mb). (syn. (syn. Biology and Ecology: Distribution: The genus forms verticillated hyphae where at the It is found in all mushroom-growing countries end of which three or four conidiogenous cells worldwide. (phialides) are located. Conidia, unicellular in origin, Host Range: usually show from 1 to 3 septa. Each conidium is Apart from white button mushroom, many economically emend generated from the apex of the conidiogenous cells cultivated mushrooms are also infected by this genus. via basipetal succession. As teleomorphs, some They include Pleurotus eryngii and oyster culinary- species form red-coloured perithecia and/or colonies medicinal mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina in culture due to the chinonic pigment, aurofusarin. velutipes (Enokitake mushroom), Ganoderma lucidum The source of primary infection is usually from casing (reishi mushroom), Coprinus comatus (shaggy mane) Nees Nees contamination. -
Control of Fungal Diseases in Mushroom Crops While Dealing with Fungicide Resistance: a Review
microorganisms Review Control of Fungal Diseases in Mushroom Crops while Dealing with Fungicide Resistance: A Review Francisco J. Gea 1,† , María J. Navarro 1, Milagrosa Santos 2 , Fernando Diánez 2 and Jaime Carrasco 3,4,*,† 1 Centro de Investigación, Experimentación y Servicios del Champiñón, Quintanar del Rey, 16220 Cuenca, Spain; [email protected] (F.J.G.); [email protected] (M.J.N.) 2 Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (F.D.) 3 Technological Research Center of the Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH), 26560 Autol, Spain 4 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Mycoparasites cause heavy losses in commercial mushroom farms worldwide. The negative impact of fungal diseases such as dry bubble (Lecanicillium fungicola), cobweb (Cladobotryum spp.), wet bubble (Mycogone perniciosa), and green mold (Trichoderma spp.) constrains yield and harvest quality while reducing the cropping surface or damaging basidiomes. Currently, in order to fight fungal diseases, preventive measurements consist of applying intensive cleaning during cropping and by the end of the crop cycle, together with the application of selective active substances with proved fungicidal action. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the redundant application of the same fungicides has been conducted to the occurrence of resistant strains, hence, reviewing reported evidence of resistance occurrence and introducing unconventional treatments is worthy to pave the way towards Citation: Gea, F.J.; Navarro, M.J.; Santos, M.; Diánez, F.; Carrasco, J. -
An Overview of the Systematics of the Sordariomycetes Based on a Four-Gene Phylogeny
Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 1076–1087. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny Ning Zhang of 16 in the Sordariomycetes was investigated based Department of Plant Pathology, NYSAES, Cornell on four nuclear loci (nSSU and nLSU rDNA, TEF and University, Geneva, New York 14456 RPB2), using three species of the Leotiomycetes as Lisa A. Castlebury outgroups. Three subclasses (i.e. Hypocreomycetidae, Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Sordariomycetidae and Xylariomycetidae) currently Beltsville, Maryland 20705 recognized in the classification are well supported with the placement of the Lulworthiales in either Andrew N. Miller a basal group of the Sordariomycetes or a sister group Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, of the Hypocreomycetidae. Except for the Micro- Champaign, Illinois 61820 ascales, our results recognize most of the orders as Sabine M. Huhndorf monophyletic groups. Melanospora species form Department of Botany, The Field Museum of Natural a clade outside of the Hypocreales and are recognized History, Chicago, Illinois 60605 as a distinct order in the Hypocreomycetidae. Conrad L. Schoch Glomerellaceae is excluded from the Phyllachorales Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon and placed in Hypocreomycetidae incertae sedis. In State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 the Sordariomycetidae, the Sordariales is a strongly supported clade and occurs within a well supported Keith A. Seifert clade containing the Boliniales and Chaetosphaer- Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Agriculture and iales. Aspects of morphology, ecology and evolution Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada are discussed. Amy Y.