A-Z of Wildlife Watching 1 Preview

Introduction smooth black fin emerges from the ocean, then another, and two more. Your corals, whales and the wobbegong. And we could have created a whole book just about pulse quickens. It’s a family of orcas, resident around the Bay of Islands in incredible insects to spot – from beautiful butterflies to the formidable Hercules beetle. New Zealand, and they’re hunting rays on the sea floor, clearly visible in these Each entry also suggests some of the places where you will have the best chance of seeing transparent, shallow waters. The fact that this moment, an encounter with such the animal. We hope that this book will inspire you to seek out some of the wildlife you’ve graceful A and powerful fellow inhabitants of our planet, was unexpected and unpredictable always wanted to see and add many more creatures to the list. makes it all the more magical. Such is the joy of watching wildlife in its natural home. For many people, one of the most rewarding experiences of travel is seeing creatures Amy-Jane Beer that you wouldn’t encounter back home. Whether you set out to see them deliberately on Amy studied Biology at Royal Holloway, University of London, and earned an unglamorous a safari or spot them through sheer luck, the thrill of watching a wild animal go about its PhD studying the nervous systems of sea urchins. Urchins are fascinating, but with all of daily business always makes your senses tingle. But, we asked ourselves, how would you nature’s myriad splendours out there she found it hard to focus on just one species and know what you had spotted? And if you wanted to see a particular animal, how would you set about becoming a generalist, a seeker of wild wonders, and a writer of science and know where to start looking? That was the genesis of this pictorial guide to 300 animals. natural history for all ages. She was editor of Wildlife of Britain and Animals Animals To compile this book we turned to the highly experienced biologist and writer Amy- Animals magazines and currently edits Wildlife World magazine for the People’s Trust Jane Beer, who created a wishlist of weird and wonderful creatures from around the for Endangered Species. She writes books, regular features for BBC Wildlife magazine world. Mark Carwardine, who travels the world photographing wildlife, contributed and Country Diary columns for The Guardian, and is working on her first novel – nature- a foreword. We included all of the most iconic animals – lions, tigers, elephants and inspired of course. She helps judge the BTO Bird Photographer of the Year competition. sharks – in the alphabetical order but we wanted to go further than those headline Her favourite wild species? Usually the one she’s privileged enough to be looking at. acts and showcase much more of the mind-blowing diversity of the natural world. The realisation that such extraordinary wonders have evolved on our planet – these are Mark Carwardine just 300 out of more than eight million species – is humbling and inevitably prompts Mark Carwardine is a zoologist, an outspoken conservationist, a TV and radio presenter, questions about our role and place in the world: no matter your age, few things spark a widely published wildlife photographer, a best-selling author, a wildlife tour operator, a curiosity like another living thing. lecturer, and a magazine columnist. He presented the six-part BBC-TV series Last Chance Between these covers, you’ll find descriptions of where to see a multitude of mammals, to See, with actor Stephen Fry, in which the unlikely duo travelled the world in search of from snow leopards and mountains goats at the very top of the world, to such resourceful a motley collection of endangered species (following in the footsteps of a similar journey residents of African deserts as antelopes and the fennec fox. In the air, we’ve got Mark made with author Douglas Adams 20 years earlier). For many years, Mark presented birds and bats, from the giant albatross to thumb-sized hog-nosed bats – and also the the weekly half-hour programme Nature on BBC Radio 4, and he has written more than 50

occasional gliding lizard, fish or mammal. Under the waves, we’ll show you giant clams, books on a variety of wildlife and conservation subjects. Planet | Lonely Philip Lee Harvey Matt Munro, © Jonathan Gregson,

THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING 2 Foreword hat’s the best wildlife encounter in the world? Well, it all depends… Quite simply, wildlife of any kind is good for the soul. My luckiest encounter was undoubtedly in Wolong, southwestern Wildlife watching can be good for the wildlife, too. I firmly believe that responsible China, when a giant panda unexpectedly stepped out of the bamboo ecotourism can be an invaluable conservation tool. It makes wildlife worth more forest right in front of me. We stared at one another for a full two alive than dead, by raising much-needed foreign exchange for cash-strapped Wseconds – two whole earth-shattering, hair-raising, life-changing seconds with a governments, providing employment for local people (everything from anti-poaching real-life wild giant panda – before it ambled back into oblivion never to be seen again patrols in Kenya to carving wooden Komodo dragons to sell to tourists in Indonesia) (not by me, and probably not by anyone else on the planet). and, managed properly, raises funds for the upkeep of national parks and reserves. But how can you compare that with the adrenalin rush of a face-to-face But it’s more than that. Everything doesn’t have to be measured in financial terms underwater encounter with a hungry tiger shark in the Bahamas? Or the sheer alone. Responsible ecotourism also helps to rekindle a concern for wildlife and a delight in tickling a 30-tonne grey whale under the chin in Mexico (I’ve done that sense of wonderment that many people seem to have lost. The closer people feel to more often than I can remember, but it still reduces me to a gibbering wreck every wildlife, the more they care about its well-being. time)? How about breathlessly stalking a southern white rhino on foot, or the Let’s face it. The world’s wildlife needs all the help it can get. We have already sheer spectacle of South Georgia’s avian Glastonbury, with 150,000 pairs of king lost countless species, and many more are teetering on the brink. The point is that penguins on a single beach? we cannot rely on an aye-aye to worry about the wellbeing of a snow leopard, or a Bigger isn’t necessarily better. I remember once in Arizona putting on red lipstick mountain gorilla to look out for a whale shark. Only we can do that. And through a (it was the first and only time I have ever worn make-up of any kind), puckering up combination of indifference, incompetence, ignorance and greed, we are failing to do my lips, and crossing my fingers in the hope that nobody would see me. Oh, and my it properly. We need more people who care. mouth was full of sickly-sweet sugar-water. I was hummingbird-watching and, in a Amy has done a wonderful job in compiling this wide-ranging collection of, by heartbeat, there were blurred shapes like bees on speed, whizzing backwards and any measure, some of the best wildlife encounters in the world. The result is a forwards in front of my face. One particular hummingbird – a Costa’s, with iridescent fantastic potpourri of hundreds of weird and wonderful animals – from aardvarks purple flares like a flashy moustache – hovered right in front of my face with the and fossa to magnificent frigatebirds and blue whales – with top tips on where and immaculate precision of a helicopter pilot. Very carefully, it put its beak right when to spot them in the wild. inside my mouth, and drank. I could feel its wingbeats against my cheeks. Wildlife I hope, if you’re lucky enough to have seen some of them already, the book will encounters don’t come much closer, or more thrilling, than that. bring back many happy memories. If you haven’t, I’m sure it will inspire you to go The truth is that all wildlife encounters are ‘the best’. After more than 30 years and look for them. But these are also encounters to dream about. Nothing beats spent criss-crossing the globe, and countless millions of air miles, I haven’t lost searching for whales with the wind in your hair, tracking wild dogs with African dust one scintilla of the original passion and wonderment that first plunged me into the clinging to your boots, or cruising past a polar bear with your fingers numb with the world of wildlife. I know I am not alone when I say that I need to see wildlife just cold. But, sometimes, it is enough just knowing that all those otters, platypuses, to survive normal daily life. It doesn’t have to be exotic or far away. I never think manatees, giant tortoises, brown bears and all the other awe-inspiring, captivating, ‘oh, it’s just a robin’, or ‘it’s just a rabbit’. The other day, I was watching a badger remarkable animals in this book are out there, wild and free. emerge from its urban sett – right next to the platform at my local railway station. It popped its head out and peered at all the commuters a few metres away, before having a scratch and running off into someone’s garden. It made my whole day. by Mark Carwardine Contents A Brown bear p050 European goldfinch p089 H Leatherback turtle p166 P S T Aardvark p008 Brown kiwi p051 European otter p090 Hammerhead shark p130 Leopard p167 Pacific octopus p202 Saiga p239 Takahē p277 African savannah elephant p009 Budgerigar p052 Hanuman langur p131 Leopard seal p168 Pangolin p203 Sailfish p240 Tapir p278 African wild dog p010 Buffalo, Cape p053 F Hare p132 Lion p169 Panther chameleon p204 Saltwater crocodile p241 Tarsier p279 Alligator p011 Bumblebee p054 Fennec fox p091 Harpy eagle p133 Little penguin p170 Peacock spider p205 Satin bowerbird p242 Tasmanian devil p280 Alpine chough p012 Burrowing owl p055 Firefly p092 Hedgehog p134 Lobster, common p171 Pelican, great white p206 Scarlet macaw p243 Tawny frogmouth p281 Alpine ibex p013 Flamingo p093 Hellbender p135 Lowland streaked tenrec p172 Peregrine falcon p207 Scorpion p244 Termite p282 American bison p014 C Flying fish p094 Helmet Vangas p136 Lynx, Iberian p173 Pine marten p208 Sea otter p245 Thorny devil p283 Anaconda p015 California condor p056 Flying fox p095 Hercules beetle p137 Lyrebird p174 Pink fairy armadillo p209 Seahorses p246 Three-toed sloth p284 Anchovy (school) p016 California sea lion p057 Forest elephant p096 Highland cow p138 Pink river dolphin p210 Seychelles warbler p247 Tiger p285 Andean condor p017 Capercaillie p058 Fossa p097 Hippopotamus p139 M Plainfin midshipman p211 Shoebill stork p248 Tree kangaroo p286 Antechinus p018 Capybara p059 Frigatebird p098 Hoatzin p140 Manatee p175 Polar bear p212 Skylark p249 Tuatara p287 Arabian oryx p019 Caribou p060 Frilled lizard p099 Honey badger p141 Mandrill p176 Porcupine P213 Slate pencil urchin p250 Arctic tern p020 Cassowary p061 Honey possum p142 Manta ray p177 Portuguese man o’ war p214 Snow leopard p251 U Argali p021 Cheetah p062 G Horseshoe crab p143 Mantis shrimp p178 Praying mantis p215 Snowy owl p252 Uakari p288 Armadillo p022 Chimpanzee p063 Galapagos tortoise p100 Howler monkey p144 Marine iguana p179 Proboscis monkey p216 Sociable weaver p253 Asiatic elephant p023 Chinchilla p064 Gaur p101 Humboldt squid p145 Mata mata turtle p180 Pronghorn p217 Sockeye salmon p254 V Atlantic goliath grouper p024 Christmas island crab p065 Gecko p102 Humpback whale p146 Meerkat p181 Przewalski’s horse p218 Southern carmine bee-eater p255 Vicuña p289 Atlantic puffin p025 Cicada p066 Gelada p103 Humuhumunukunukuāpua-a p147 Mexican (Brazilian) free-tailed bat p182 Ptarmigan p219 Southern elephant seal p256 Atlas moth p026 Clownfish p067 Giant anteater p104 Hyacinth macaw p148 Monarch butterfly p183 Python, Burmese p220 Spanish dancer nudibranch p257 W Axolotl p027 Coelacanth p068 Giant clam p105 Moose (Eurasian elk) p184 Sparrowhawk p258 Walrus p29o Aye-aye p028 Colugo p069 Giant cuttlefish p106 I Mountain gorilla p185 Q Sperm whale p259 Waxwing p291 Comb jelly p070 Giant freshwater lobster p107 Indian rhino p149 Mountain lion p186 Quetzal, resplendent p221 Spider crab p260 Wētāpunga p292 B Conger eel, European p071 Giant Gippsland earthworm p108 Indri p150 Mouse lemur p187 Quokka p222 Spider monkey p261 Whale shark p293 Babirusa p029 Coral p072 Giant millipede p109 Ivory-billed woodpecker p151 Musk ox p188 Quoll p223 Spinner dolphin p262 White rhinoceros p294 Bactrian camel p030 Crown of thorns starfish p073 Giant panda p110 Spirit bear p263 White stork p295 Bald eagle p031 Gibbon, white-handed p111 J N R Spitting cobra p264 White-headed duck p296 Barn owl p032 D Giraffe p112 Jacana, wattled (lily trotter) p152 Naked mole rat p189 Raven p224 Spotted hyena p265 Wild boar p297 Beaver p033 Darwin’s finches p074 Glass frog p113 Jaguar p153 Namib fog-basking beetle p190 Red deer p225 Springbok p266 Wild cat p298 Beluga whale p034 Dik-dik p075 Glowworm p114 Japanese macaque p154 Narwhal p191 Red kangaroo p226 Starling p267 Wildebeest p299 Bighorn sheep p035 Dingo p076 Golden eagle p115 Nēnē (Hawaiian goose) p192 Red kite p227 Starry sky pufferfish p268 Wobbegong p300 Bilby p036 Dinoflagellates p077 Golden lion tamarin p116 K Nightingale p193 Red panda p228 Steller’s sea eagle p269 Wolverine p301 Birds of paradise p037 Draco lizard p078 Goliath bird-eating spider p117 Kakapo p155 Northern gannet p194 Red squirrel p229 Straw-coloured fruit bat p270 Wombat p302 Birdwing butterfly p038 Duck-billed platypus p079 Grant’s golden mole p118 Kea p156 Numbat p195 Red wolf p230 Sturgeon, lake p271 Woodchuck p303 Bittern p039 Dugong p080 Great bustard p119 Keel-billed toucan p157 Red-bellied piranha p231 Sugar glider p272 Black heron p040 Dung beetle p081 Great crested grebe p120 Kinkajou p158 O Red-billed streamertail p232 Sun bear p273 X Black panther p041 Great hornbill p121 Kitti’s hog-nosed bat p159 Ocelot p196 Red-crowned crane p233 Sunfish, giant p274 Xenopus p304 Black rhinoceros p042 E Great horned owl p122 Knot p160 Okapi p197 Red-eyed tree frog p234 Superb fairywren p275 Black footed ferret p043 Echidna p082 Great northern diver p123 Koala p161 Olm p198 Ring-tailed possum p235 Swift p276 Y Black tipped reef shark p044 Edible dormouse p083 Great white shark p124 Komodo dragon p162 Orangutan p199 Ring-tailed lemur p236 Yak p305 Blue morpho butterfly p045 Egyptian plover (crocodile bird) p084 Greater kudu p125 Orca p200 Robin p237 Blue whale p046 Emperor penguin p085 Green sea turtle p126 L Ostrich p201 Royal albatross p238 Z Blue-footed booby p047 Emu p086 Grey whale p127 Lammergeier p163 Zebra p306 Bonobo p048 Ethiopian wolf p087 Grey wolf p128 Leadbeater’s possum p164 Zorilla p307 Bottlenose dolphin p049 European bison (wisent) p088 Guanaco p129 Leafy sea dragon p165

THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING 6 7 THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING © David Da Costa / Alamy Stock Photo Stock Da Costa / Alamy © David Planet, Planet | Lonely © Michael Heffernan | Lonely © Jonathan Gregson

Aardvark Orycteropus afer African savannah elephant Loxodonta africana WHAT The name translates as ‘earth-pig’, but while true pigs are hoofed mammals, this secretive ant guzzler is in a group of its own. A night safari is essential if your heart is set on WHAT If the lion is Africa’s king of beasts, this magnificent pachyderm, the world’s largest land animal, might be its high priestess. Elephant society is orderly, cooperative, empathetic an encounter. You might meet one on its nightly rounds, where it uses senses of hearing and smell so acute that vision is almost redundant. That comical snout contains arguably the and matriarchal, and an encounter in the wild leaves you in no doubt you’ve been touched by greatness – three to six tonnes of it. Elephants make an equally big impression on the most complex olfactory apparatus in the animal kingdom, and the area of an aardvark’s brain dedicated to smelling is hugely enlarged. Having sniffed out an ant or termite mound, the landscapes they occupy. Their feeding habits play a major part in maintaining the characteristic open woodland of the savannah, and stimulating regrowth of the trees they push down or aardvark uses sharp, hooflike claws to break in, then slurps up prey with its long, sticky tongue. WHERE Several reserves in the South African Karoo offer specialist aardvark tours, rip up. WHERE The once vast range of the plains elephants across eastern and southern Africa is increasingly fragmented by human development, but responsible elephant tourism has an aiming to track their resident aardvarks as they snuffle between ant or termite mounds. important role to play in improving a strained relationship between the species and human communities. The largest remaining population is in Botswana’s Chobe National Park.

THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING 8 9 THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING Walrus Odobenus rosmarus WHAT This huge Arctic seal-cousin hunts by touch using its moustache of wiry bristles and feeds by suction powerful enough to open large clams. The tusks, too long to be any use in feeding, serve as grappling hooks when the walrus pulls itself from the water onto ice floes, giving rise to the scientific name odobenus, meaning ‘toothwalker’. WHERE The remote sites favoured by walrus make them an expensive bucket list tick, but haulouts such as those on Cape Seniavin and Round Island in western Alaska are well serviced by tour operators, with options for single- or multi-day trips by air from Anchorage. In Europe, a high-summer trip to the abandoned mining settlement of Pyramiden on Spitzbergen offers good opportunities to see the slightly smaller Atlantic variety. Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus/spp WHAT These exquisitely coiffed birds appear to be clothed in silk and adorned with curls of crimson and gold wax. These intense flecks of colour are derived from pigments in fruit the birds consume avidly for much of the year. In winter individuals can devour several hundreds of berries a day, more than double their body weight. They feed communally and the sight of a hungry flock recently arrived from the north in early winter and feeding among fruit-laden branches of rowan, hawthorn, holly and yew is a highlight of the birding calendar in temperate Europe. WHERE Waxwing eruptions (large-scale movements in search of winter food) are, literally, a moveable feast, with birds arriving, stripping fruit and moving on

© Jo Crebbin | Shutterstock © Jo Crebbin Photo Stock | Alamy © Incamerastock within days or even hours. The best bet is to familiarise yourself with locations offering suitable berry trees, check regularly and use social media to alert you to arrivals.

THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING 290 291 THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING Wētāpunga Deinacrida heteracantha WHAT With its Maori name meaning ‘God of ugly things’ the wētāpunga is the largest of New Zealand’s formidable cricket-like wētās, and one of the world’s largest insects, with females easily outweighing an average sparrow or mouse. Despite appearances, they are leaf- eating herbivores. WHERE Described as the ‘jewel in the crown’ of New Zealand conservation, Hauturu-o-Toi or Little Barrier Island lies 80km north of Auckland. Giant wētās are among many hundreds of threatened species of animal and plant that survived here after being extirpated on the mainland. Visits require a permit from the Department of Conservation and are subject to strict biosecurity – be prepared to have bags and clothing searched for

stowaways. The species Thomson | 500px © Alex was reintroduced to Motuora island on 2010 Whale shark Rhincodon typus and Tiritiri Matangi island WHAT At up to 12.6m and 21 tonnes, the world’s largest fish has a vast global range, occurring almost anywhere with ocean temperatures higher than 21°C. A filter feeder, it cruises at in 2011. around five kilometres an hour – a speed that can be matched by humans for short distances. Individual sharks appear tolerant of company and the shark-watching industry is booming in areas where large numbers gather seasonally. Try to avoid tours where sharks are fed, as this disrupts their natural behaviour, and resist the temptation to touch or approach close than 5m – it’s a shark, not a fairground ride. WHERE In July and August, Cancun, Mexico is whale shark central. Highly regulated tours around the islands of Holbox, Contoy and

© Mark Carwardine | www.naturepl.com © Mark Carwardine Mujeres often guarantee sightings. Swimming near the sharks is permitted, but not scuba diving. For that, try Baja California Sur or Western Australia’s Ningaloo Reef.

THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING 2 9 2 2 9 3 THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING Index A dingo 76 aye-aye 28 orangutan 199 golden eagle 115 cobra, spitting 264 dingo 76 blacktip reef shark 44 Ghana hare 132 giant sunfish 274 cheetah 62 aardvark 8 duck-billed platypus 79 Azores proboscis monkey 216 great northern diver 123 Cocos Island dinoflagellates 77 finch, Darwin’s 74 scorpion 244 harpy eagle 133 Komodo dragon 162 dik-dik 75 Abu Dhabi dugong 80 blue whale 46 sun bear 273 humpback whale 146 Darwin’s finches 74 dog, African wild 10 Finland giant clam 105 hedgehog 134 orangutan 199 giant millipede 109 Arabian oryx 19 echidna 82 Botswana lake sturgeon 271 coelacanth 68 dolphin, bottlenose 49 brown bear 50 giant cuttlefish 106 hellbender 135 pygmy seahorses 246 great white pelican 206 Afghanistan emu 86 B African elephant 9 monarch butterfly 183 Colombia dolphin, pink river 210 capercaillie 58 giant Gippsland worm 108 helmet vangas 136 sun bear 273 lion 169 argali 21 frilled lizard 99 babirusa 29 cheetah 62 mountain lion 186 glass frog 113 dolphin, spinner 262 wolverine 301 giant millipede 109 Hercules beetle 137 tarsier 279 naked mole rat 189 albatross, royal 238 giant clam 105 bald eagle 31 honey badger 141 musk ox 188 hippopotamus 139 dormouse, edible 83 firefly 92 giant sunfish 274 heron, black 40 white-handed gibbon 111 spitting cobra 264 Algeria giant cuttlefish 106 Bahamas lesser flamingo 93 orca 200 keel-billed toucan 157 draco (gliding) lizard 78 flamingo, lesser 93 giraffe 112 Highland cow 138 indri 150 wildebeest 299 fennec fox 91 giant freshwater lobster 107 Atlantic goliath grouper 24 lion 169 polar bear 212 pink river dolphin 210 Dubai flying fish 94 glass frog 113 hippopotamus 139 Ireland kinkajou 158 alligator, American 11 giant Gippsland worm 108 hammerhead shark 130 sociable weaver 253 pronghorn 217 colugo (flying lemur) 69 Arabian oryx 19 flying fox, grey-headed 95 glowworm 114 hoatzin 140 starling 267 Kitti’s hog-nosed bat 159 alpine chough 12 great white shark 124 Barbados zebra 306 sea otter 245 comb jelly 70 duck-billed platypus 79 fossa 97 golden eagle 115 honey badger 141 Italy kiwi, brown 51 anaconda 15 grey-headed flying fox 95 leatherback turtle 166 Brazil snowy owl 252 Comoro Islands dugong 80 France goldfinch, European 89 honey possum 142 Alpine ibex 13 knot (red knot) 160 anchovy 16 honey possum 142 bat, Mexican free-tailed 182 Atlantic goliath grouper 24 sockeye salmon 254 coelacanth 68 dung beetle 81 Alpine ibex 13 goliath bird-eating spider 117 howler monkey 144 porcupine 213 koala 161 Antarctica humpback whale 146 bat, straw-coloured fruit 270 bird-eating spider 117 spirit bear 263 condor, Andean 17 wild boar 297 Grant’s golden mole 118 Humboldt squid 145 starling 267 Komodo dragon 162 emperor penguin 85 koala 161 bear, brown 50 giant anteater 104 woodchuck 303 condor, California 56 E French Guiana great bustard 119 humuhumu (triggerfish) 147 Kyrgyzstan leopard seal 168 Leadbeater’s possum 164 bear, polar 212 golden lion tamarin 116 capercaillie 58 conger eel, European 71 echidna 82 bird-eating spider 117 great crested grebe 120 Hungary J European bison 88 anteater, giant 104 leafy sea dragon 165 bear, spirit 263 hoatzin 140 Cape Verde coral 72 Ecuador hoatzin 140 greater kudu 125 Przewalski’s horse 218 jaguar 153 antechinus 18 leopard seal 168 bear, sun 273 hyacinth macaw 148 magnificent frigatebird 98 Costa Rica anaconda 15 frilled lizard 99 great hornbill 121 hyacinth macaw 148 Jamaica L Arctic little penguin 170 beaver 33 ocelot 196 capybara 59 Baird’s tapir 278 glass frog 113 great northern diver 123 hyena, spotted 265 red-billed streamertail 232 lammergeier 163 narwhal 191 lyrebird 174 Belarus uakari 288 caribou 60 blue morpho butterfly 45 hoatzin 140 G Greece Japan Laos Arctic tern 20 manta ray 177 European bison 88 budgerigar 52 cassowary 61 glass frog 113 mata mata turtle 180 Gabon green sea turtle 126 I Japanese macaque 154 white-handed gibbon 111 argali 21 numbat 195 Belize buffalo, Cape 53 Chad Hercules beetle 137 Egypt forest elephant 96 Greenland ibex, Alpine 13 red-crowned crane 233 Latvia Argentina peacock spider 205 Baird’s tapir 278 bumblebee 54 fennec fox 91 leatherback turtle 166 clownfish 67 mandrill 176 musk ox 188 India starry sky pufferfish 268 European bison 88 Andean condor 17 quokka 222 howler monkey 144 Burundi cheetah 62 ocelot 196 fennec fox 91 Galapagos Islands polar bear 212 Asiatic elephant 23 Steller’s sea eagle 269 leadbeater’s possum 164 capybara 59 quoll 223 keel-billed toucan 157 chimpanzee 63 Chile red-eyed tree frog 234 Egyptian plover 84 blue-footed booby 47 grouper, Atlantic goliath 24 Asiatic lion 169 Jordan leafy sea dragon 165 giant anteater 104 red kangaroo 226 beluga whale 34 butterfly, birdwing 38 Andean condor 17 spider monkey 261 elephant, African savannah 9 Darwin’s finches 74 Guadeloupe Bengal tiger 285 Arabian oryx 19 lemur, mouse 187 pink fairy armadillo 209 ring-tailed possum 235 bilby 36 butterfly, blue morpho 45 chincilla 64 three-toed sloth 284 elephant, Asiatic 23 Galapagos tortoise 100 great white shark 124 black panther 41 lemur, ring-tailed 236 southern elephant seal 256 robin 237 bird of paradise 37 butterfly, monarch 183 guanaco 129 crab, Christmas Island 65 elephant, forest 96 magnificent frigatebird 98 guanaco 129 gaur 101 K leopard 167 wattled jacana 152 saltwater crocodile 241 bison, American 14 mountain lion 186 crab, horseshoe 143 emu 86 manta ray 177 Guatemala great hornbill 121 kakapo 155 lion 169 armadillo 22 satin bowerbird 242 bison, European (wisent) 88 C chimpanzee 63 crab, spider 260 Estonia marine iguana 179 kinkajou 158 Hanuman langur 131 kangaroo, red 226 Lithuania armadillo, pink fairy 209 spider crab 260 bittern 39 camel, bactrian 30 China crocodile, saltwater 241 bittern 39 Galapagos tortoise 100 resplendent quetzal 221 Indian rhino 149 kangaroo, tree 286 European bison 88 atlas moth 26 sugar glider 272 black panther 41 Cameroon argali 21 Cuba Ethiopia Gambia Guinea red panda 228 Kazakhstan lobster, common 171 Australia superb fairywren 275 blue-footed booby 47 mandrill 176 bactrian camel 30 ivory-billed woodpecker 151 Ethiopian wolf 87 Egyptian plover 84 chimpanzee 63 snow leopard 251 Przewalski’s horse 218 lobster, giant freshwater 107 antechinus 18 Tasmanian devil 280 boar, wild 297 scorpion 244 giant panda 110 gelada 103 gaur 101 scorpion 244 Indonesia saiga 239 lowland streaked tenrec 172 bilby 36 tawny frogmouth 281 Bolivia Canada lammergeier 163 D great white pelican 206 gecko 102 Guyana babirusa 29 white-headed duck 296 lynx, Iberian 173 budgerigar 52 termites 282 capybara 59 bald eagle 31 Przewalski’s horse 218 Democratic Rep of Congo gelada 103 bird-eating spider 117 black panther 41 kea 156 lyrebird 174 bottlenose dolphin 49 thorny devil 283 giant anteater 104 beluga whale 34 red-crowned crane 233 bonobo 48 F Germany hoatzin 140 clownfish 67 Kenya cassowary 61 whale shark 293 hyacinth macaw 148 blue whale 46 chinchilla 64 mountain gorilla 185 fennec fox 91 European bison 88 coelacanth 68 black heron 40 M Christmas Island crab 65 wombat 302 bonobo 48 burrowing owl 55 cicada, periodical 66 okapi 197 ferret, black-footed 43 red squirrel 229 H coral 72 black panther 41 macaque, Japanese 154 crown of thorns starfish 73 axolotl 27 Borneo caribou 60 clownfish 67 dik-dik 75 Fiji wild boar 297 Hanuman (grey) langur 131 draco lizard 78 black rhinoceros 42

THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING 308 309 THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING Index Madagascar Micronesia Netherlands owl, snowy 252 piranha, red-bellied 231 lake sturgeon 271 slate pencil urchin 250 leopard 167 clownfish 67 nightingale 193 grey wolf 128 Vietnam aye-aye 28 blacktip reef shark 44 bittern 39 plainfin midshipman 211 polar bear 212 Slovakia starling 267 draco lizard 78 northern gannet 194 hellbender 135 gecko 102 black heron 40 manta ray 177 New Zealand P porcupine 213 Przewalski’s horse 218 European bison 88 starfish, crown of thorns 73 Kitti’s hog-nosed bat 159 peregrine falcon 207 horseshoe crab 143 fossa 97 Mongolia brown kiwi 51 Pakistan Portugal saiga 239 Slovenia starry sky pufferfish 268 white-handed gibbon 111 pine marten 208 humpback whale 146 W helmet vanga 136 bactarian camel 30 glowworm 114 argali 21 Iberian lynx 173 snowy owl 252 edible dormouse 83 Steller’s sea eagle 269 thorny devil 283 ptarmigan 219 humuhumu 147 walrus 290 indri 150 Przewalski’s horse 218 kakapo 155 Panama white stork 295 steller’s sea eagle 269 olm 198 sturgeon, lake 271 three-toed sloth 284 raven 224 ivory-billed woodpecker 151 wattled jacana 152 lowland streaked tenrec 172 saiga 239 kea 156 glass frog 113 Portuguese man o’ war 214 Rwanda snow leopard 251 sugar glider 272 Tibet red deer 225 knot 160 waxwing 291 mouse lemur 187 moose (Eurasian elk) 184 little penguin 170 resplendent quetzal 221 possum, ring-tailed 235 mountain gorilla 185 sociable weaver 253 superb fairywren 275 yak 305 red kite 227 leatherback turtle 166 wētāpunga 292 panther chameleon 204 mountain gorilla 185 orca 200 panda, giant 110 praying mantis 215 sockeye salmon 254 Suriname tiger, Bengal 285 red squirrel 229 magnificent frigatebird 98 whale, blue 46 ring-tailed lemur 236 mountain lion 186 royal albatross 238 panda, red 228 proboscis monkey 216 S South Africa bird-eating spider 117 toucan, keel-billed 157 robin 237 manatee 175 whale, grey 127 magnificent frigatebird 98 Mozambique sperm whale 259 pangolin 203 pronghorn 217 saiga 239 aardvark 8 hoatzin 140 tuatara 287 Scottish wildcat 298 manta ray 177 whale, humpback 146 Malaysia African wild dog 10 takahē 277 panther chameleon 204 Przewalski’s horse 218 sailfish 240 anchovy 16 Sweden Turks and Caicos Islands skylark 249 Mexican free-tailed bat 182 whale, sperm 259 atlas moth 26 giant millipede 109 tuatara 287 Papua New Guinea ptarmigan 219 satin bowerbird 242 black rhinoceros 42 beaver 33 green sea turtle 126 sparrowhawk 258 monarch butterfly 183 white-handed gibbon 111 tarsier 279 musk ox 188 wētāpunga 292 bird of paradise 37 Puerto Rico scarlet macaw 243 cheetah 62 moose 184 turtle, green sea 126 starling 267 moose 184 white-headed duck 296 Maldives Myanmar Niger birdwing butterfly 38 dinoflagellates 77 scorpion 244 giraffe 112 swift 276 turtle, leatherback 166 swift 276 mountain lion 186 white stork 295 blacktip reef shark 44 black panther 41 giraffe 112 cassowary 61 leatherback turtle 166 seahorse, pygmy 246 Grant’s golden mole 118 turtle, mata mata 180 Ukraine nēnē 192 wild cat, Scottish 298 manatee 175 Kitti’s hog-nosed bat 159 Nigeria frilled lizards 99 puffin, Atlantic 25 seal, leopard 168 greater kudu 125 T European bison 88 ocelot 196 wildebeest 299 mandrill 176 white-handed gibbon 111 scorpion 244 tree kangaroo 286 python, Burmese 220 seal, southern elephant 256 great white shark 124 takahē 277 U Przewalski’s horse 218 Pacific octopus 202 wobbegong 300 manta ray 177 nightingale 193 Paraguay sea lion, California 57 honey badger 141 Tanzania uakari 288 USA peregrine falcon 207 wolf, Ethiopian 87 mantis shrimp 178 N northern gannet 194 jaguar 153 Q sea otter 245 leopard 167 African wild dog 10 Uganda American alligator 11 periodic cicada 66 wolf, grey 128 marine iguana 179 naked mole rat 189 Norway peacock spider 205 quokka 222 Senegal lesser flamingo 93 black heron 40 chimpanzee 63 American bison 14 plainfin midshipman 211 wolf, red 230 Mauritius Namib basking beetle 190 orca 200 pelican, great white 206 quoll 223 chimpanzee 63 meerkat 181 black rhinoceros 42 giraffe 112 armadillo 22 polar bear 212 wolverine 301 Galapagos tortoise 100 Namibia walrus 290 penguin, emperor 85 Egyptian plover 84 ostrich 201 cheetah 62 mountain gorilla 185 Atlantic goliath grouper 24 pronghorn 217 wombat, common 302 panther chameleon 204 cheetah 62 nudibranch, Spanish penguin, little 170 R scorpion 244 sociable weaver 253 chimpanzee 63 shoebill stork 248 bald eagle 31 raven 224 woodchuck 303 meerkat (suricate) 181 fog-basking beetle 190 dancing 257 peregrine falcon 207 raven 224 Seychelles springbok 266 dik-dik 75 UK bighorn sheep 35 red wolf 230 woodpecker, ivory-billed 151 Mexico giant millipede 109 numbat 195 Peru red-billed streamertail 232 Galapagos tortoise 100 white rhinoceros 294 Galapagos tortoise 100 Arctic tern 20 black footed ferret 43 robin 237 axolotl 27 giraffe 112 Andean condor 17 red-crowned crane 233 Seychelles warbler 247 zorilla 307 giant millipede 109 Atlantic puffin 25 blue-footed booby 47 sea otter 245 X bald eagle 31 Grant’s golden mole 118 O blue-footed booby 47 red deer 225 Seychelles warbler 247 southern carmine bee-eater 255 great white pelican 206 bittern 39 blue whale 46 slate pencil urchin 250 xenopus (clawed toad) 304 bighorn sheep 35 greater kudu 125 ocelot 196 capybara 59 red-eyed tree frog 234 shark, black tipped reef 44 South Korea hippopotamus 139 bumblebee 54 brown bear 50 snowy owl 252 blue whale 46 lesser flamingo 93 octopus, Pacific 202 bird-eating spider 117 red kite 227 shark, great white 124 red-crowned crane 233 lesser flamingo 93 edible dormouse 83 Burmese python 220 sockeye salmon 254 Y California condor 56 pangolin 203 okapi 197 harpy eagle 133 resplendent quetzal 221 shark, hammerhead 130 Spain lion 169 European conger eel 71 burrowing owl 55 spinner dolphin 262 yak, wild 305 California sea lion 57 sociable weaver 253 olm 198 pink river dolphin 210 rhinoceros, black 42 shark, whale 293 Iberian lynx 173 spotted hyena 265 European otter 90 California condor 56 walrus 290 golden eagle 115 zebra 306 orangutan 199 scarlet macaw 243 rhinoceros, Indian 149 sheep, bighorn 35 lammergeier 163 wildebeest 299 golden eagle 115 California sea lion 57 woodchuck 303 Z keel-billed toucan 157 narwhal 191 oryx, Arabian 19 uakari 288 rhinoceros, white 294 shoebill stork 248 white-headed duck 296 tapir, Baird’s 278 great bustard 119 caribou 60 Zambia kinkajou 158 nēnē (Hawaiian goose) 192 orca 200 vicuña 289 robin 237 Sierrra Leone sparrowhawk 258 tarsier 279 great crested grebe 120 firefly 92 V lion 169 manta ray 177 Nepal ostrich 201 Philippines Romania scorpion 244 spider monkey 261 Tasmanian devil 280 hare 132 flying fish 94 Venezuela southern bee-eater 255 monarch butterfly 183 Asiatic elephant 23 otter, European 90 colugo 69 European bison 88 Singapore springbok 266 tawny frogmouth 281 hedgehog 134 golden eagle 115 capybara 59 straw-coloured bat 270 resplendent quetzal 221 black panther 41 owl, barn 32 pygmy seahorse 246 Russia atlas moth 26 squirrel, red 229 termites 282 Highland cow 138 great horned owl 122 bird-eating spider 117 wildebeest 299 sailfish 240 gecko 102 owl, burrowing 55 tarsier 279 brown bear 50 colugo 69 Sri Lanka Thailand knot 160 great northern diver 123 keel-billed toucan 157 zebra 306 whale shark 293 red panda 228 owl, great horned 122 pine marten 208 European bison 88 skylark 249 blue whale 46 Asiatic elephant 23 nēnē 192 grey whale 127 vicuña 289 zorilla 307

THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING 310 3 1 1 THE A-Z OF WILDLIFE WATCHING