MAKING WINE in a CHANGING CLIMATE in Which a Given Crop Can Be Grown, to Influencing Annual Yields and the Quality of the Crop
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Terroir of Wine (Regionality)
3/10/2014 A New Era For Fermentation Ecology— Routine tracking of all microbes in all places Department of Viticulture and Enology Department of Viticulture and Enology Terroir of Wine (regionality) Source: Wine Business Monthly 1 3/10/2014 Department of Viticulture and Enology Can Regionality Be Observed (Scientifically) by Chemical/Sensory Analyses? Department of Viticulture and Enology Department of Viticulture and Enology What about the microbes in each environment? Is there a “Microbial Terroir” 2 3/10/2014 Department of Viticulture and Enology We know the major microbial players Department of Viticulture and Enology Where do the wine microbes come from? Department of Viticulture and Enology Methods Quality Filtration Developed Pick Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) Nick Bokulich Assign Taxonomy 3 3/10/2014 Department of Viticulture and Enology Microbial surveillance: Next Generation Sequencing Extract DNA >300 Samples PCR Quantify ALL fungal and bacterial populations in ALL samples simultaneously Sequence: Illumina Platform Department of Viticulture and Enology Microbial surveillance: Next Generation Sequencing Department of Viticulture and Enology Example large data set: Bacterial Profile 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Winery Differences Across 300 Samplings 4 3/10/2014 Department of Viticulture and Enology Microbial surveillance process 1. Compute UniFrac distance (phylogenetic distance) between samples 2. Principal coordinate analysis to compress dimensionality of data 3. Categorize by metadata 4. Clusters represent samples of similar phylogenetic -
Viticulture and Winemaking Under Climate Change
agronomy Editorial Viticulture and Winemaking under Climate Change Helder Fraga Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; [email protected]; Tel.: +351-259-350-000 Received: 12 November 2019; Accepted: 19 November 2019; Published: 21 November 2019 Abstract: The importance of viticulture and the winemaking socio-economic sector is acknowledged worldwide. The most renowned winemaking regions show very specific environmental characteristics, where climate usually plays a central role. Considering the strong influence of weather and climatic factors on grapevine yields and berry quality attributes, climate change may indeed significantly impact this crop. Recent-past trends already point to a pronounced increase in the growing season mean temperatures, as well as changes in the precipitation regimes, which has been influencing wine typicity across some of the most renowned winemaking regions worldwide. Moreover, several climate scenarios give evidence of enhanced stress conditions for grapevine growth until the end of the century. Although grapevines have a high resilience, the clear evidence for significant climate change in the upcoming decades urges adaptation and mitigation measures to be taken by the sector stakeholders. To provide hints on the abovementioned issues, we have edited a special issue entitled: “Viticulture and Winemaking under Climate Change”. Contributions from different fields were considered, including crop and climate modeling, and potential adaptation measures against these threats. The current special issue allows the expansion of the scientific knowledge of these particular fields of research, also providing a path for future research. -
Starting a Vineyard in Texas • a GUIDE for PROSPECTIVE GROWERS •
Starting a Vineyard in Texas • A GUIDE FOR PROSPECTIVE GROWERS • Authors Michael C ook Viticulture Program Specialist, North Texas Brianna Crowley Viticulture Program Specialist, Hill Country Danny H illin Viticulture Program Specialist, High Plains and West Texas Fran Pontasch Viticulture Program Specialist, Gulf C oast Pierre Helwi Assistant Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist Jim Kamas Associate Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist Justin S cheiner Assistant Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist The Texas A&M University System Who is the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service? We are here to help! The Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service delivers research-based educational programs and solutions for all Texans. We are a unique education agency with a statewide network of professional educators, trained volunteers, and county offices. The AgriLife Viticulture and Enology Program supports the Texas grape and wine industry through technical assistance, educational programming, and applied research. Viticulture specialists are located in each region of the state. Regional Viticulture Specialists High Plains and West Texas North Texas Texas A&M AgriLife Research Denton County Extension Office and Extension Center 401 W. Hickory Street 1102 E. Drew Street Denton, TX 76201 Lubbock, TX 79403 Phone: 940.349.2896 Phone: 806.746.6101 Hill Country Texas A&M Viticulture and Fruit Lab 259 Business Court Gulf Coast Fredericksburg, TX 78624 Texas A&M Department of Phone: 830.990.4046 Horticultural Sciences 495 Horticulture Street College Station, TX 77843 Phone: 979.845.8565 1 The Texas Wine Industry Where We Have Been Grapes were first domesticated around 6 to 8,000 years ago in the Transcaucasia zone between the Black Sea and Iran. -
Walla Walla • Washington
Walla Walla • Washington MERLOT, BORDEAUX- STYLE RED BLENDS AND CABERNET SAUVIGNON FROM ONECANADA OF WALLA WALLA VALLEY’S FOUNDING WINERIES WALLA WALLA VALLEY HERITAGE COMMITMENT TO SUSTAINABILITY • Winemaker Casey McClellan and his father planted the • Sustainability is an important focus on both a local and Seven Hills Old Blocks in 1980 personal level N • Established in 1988 as the fifth winery in Walla Walla • Currently certified by LIVE (Low Input Viticulture & Valley, Seven Hills Winery shaped the varietal focus of the Enology) & Salmon Safe appellation. 2018 marks the winery’s 30th anniversary FOCUS ON QUALITY OLD WORLD WINE STYLE • An established reputation over the past three decades and SEATTLE • Wines known for varietal typicity a proven record of high scores • Restrained oak and balanced acidity combine to create • Long-standing relationships with the Northwest’s most y structure and gracefulnesse respected vineyards l N l WASHINGTON a V a WINEGROWING PHILOSOPHY i C b o lu m m e b u i g a l R Since 1988, Seven Hills Winery has worked to cultivate n i v o e a r C IDAHO R RED MOUNTAIN long-term relationships with the oldest and most e Ciel du Cheval d a Vineyard respected growers in the Northwest. The winery’s c s WALLA WALLA VALLEY a HORSE HEAVEN HILLS C exceptional vineyard program focuses on Walla Walla Valley McClellan Estate Seven Hills Old Blocks Vineyard and Red Mountain and includes the estate-designated iver ia R lumb Co OREGON Seven Hills Old Blocks. PORTLAND Pacific Ocean CASEY McCLELLAN, WINEMAKER As a founder of Seven Hills Winery, Casey McClellan has served as winemaker since the winery’s inception. -
Terroir and Precision Viticulture: Are They Compatible ?
TERROIR AND PRECISION VITICULTURE: ARE THEY COMPATIBLE ? R.G.V. BRAMLEY1 and R.P. HAMILTON1 1: CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Food Futures Flagship and Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture PMB No. 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia 2: Foster's Wine Estates, PO Box 96, Magill, SA 5072, Australia Abstract Résumé Aims: The aims of this work were to see whether the traditional regionally- Objectifs : Les objectifs de ce travail sont de montrer si la façon based view of terroir is supported by our new ability to use the tools of traditionnelle d’appréhender le terroir à l'échelle régionale est confirmée Precision Viticulture to acquire detailed measures of vineyard productivity, par notre nouvelle capacité à utiliser les outils de la viticulture de précision soil attributes and topography at high spatial resolution. afin d’obtenir des mesures détaillées sur la productivité du vignoble, les variables du sol et la topograhie à haute résolution spatiale. Methods and Results: A range of sources of spatial data (yield mapping, remote sensing, digital elevation models), along with data derived from Méthodes and résultats : Différentes sources de données spatiales hand sampling of vines were used to investigate within-vineyard variability (cartographie des rendements, télédétection, modèle numérique de terrain) in vineyards in the Sunraysia and Padthaway regions of Australia. Zones ainsi que des données provenant d’échantillonnage manuel de vignes of characteristic performance were identified within these vineyards. ont été utilisées pour étudier la variabilité des vignobles de Suraysia et Sensory analysis of fruit and wines derived from these zones confirm that de Padthaway, régions d’Australie. -
Vineyard and Winery Information Series: VITICULTURE NOTES
Vineyard and Winery Information Series: VITICULTURE NOTES ........................ Vol. 25 No. 2, March - April, 2010 Tony K. Wolf, Viticulture Extension Specialist, AHS Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Winchester, Virginia [email protected] http://www.arec.vaes.vt.edu/alson-h-smith/grapes/viticulture/index.html I. Current situation .................................................................................. 1 II. Question from the field: replanting decisions ...................................... 2 III. Climbing cutworm update ..................................................................... 4 IV. New pesticides listed in 2010 PMG ...................................................... 5 V. Early season grape disease management .......................................... 7 VI. Upcoming meetings ............................................................................. 8 I. Current situation: Pest Management Guide (PMG) can be downloaded at: New Viticulture website: Cooperative http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/456/456-017/Section- Extension and Virginia Agricultural 3_Grapes-2.pdf Experiment Station websites were upgraded The pesticide recommendations are annually to a new server and hosting system which prepared by pest management specialists required a revision of content and change of with grape expertise at Virginia Tech, and URL. The new viticulture website is: form the basis of our grape pest http://www.arec.vaes.vt.edu/alson-h- management program. Pesticide smith/grapes/index.html recommendations augment cultural control -
Food Pairings: Viticulture Notes: Winemaking Notes
“WILD FERMENT” VINTED. 2018 TASTE: A clean, crisp, unoaked Chardonnay with flavors of apple, lemon meringue, pineapple, honey and hints of butter cream. The “wild” fermentation enhances both the aromatics and the fruit flavors, allowing the true varietal characteristics of Chardonnay to shine through. FOOD PAIRINGS: APPELLATION: This wines pairs wonderfully with roasted chicken or pork Clarksburg loin, any seafood dish, including lobster and crab, roasted root ALCOHOL: vegetables and creamy pasta dishes. !".#$ by Vol. RESIDUAL SUGAR: VITICULTURE NOTES: %.& g/!%% mL ($) The Chardonnay grape is one of the leading white grape PH: varieties in the world for production of high quality white ".#' wines. Its origins have been traced back to the Burgundy TOTAL ACIDITY: region of France, and it has been a part of the emerging (.% g/L as Tartaric Acid California wine industry since the late 1800’s. The Clarksburg HARVESTED: appellation is ideal for producing it, mainly due to its ideal September ", &%!) microclimate. Our vineyards enjoy warm Mediterranean-like BRIX AT HARVEST: weather, which allows for flavor development. They are also &".)˚ Brix Average exposed to cool maritime breezes that come in the evenings, BOTTLED: maintaining the grapes’ fresh acidity. January &!, &%&% WINEMAKING NOTES: PRODUCTION: "## cases Our “Wild Ferment” Chardonnay was made by harvesting the grapes in the cool morning, then quickly pressing the juice away from the grapes. The juice was cold settled in a chilled stainless steel tank, and racked off any solids. The juice was allowed to sit cold until a spontaneous fermentation began. After 30 days of fermentation, the wine was racked again, and allowed to sit on the natural yeast lees for several months before bottling. -
An Exploratory Research of the Potential Strategic Benefits of Specialising in Riesling Grape: a Case Study from the Niagara Wine Region
Advances in Economics and Business 4(10): 515-524, 2016 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2016.041001 An Exploratory Research of the Potential Strategic Benefits of Specialising in Riesling Grape: A Case Study from the Niagara Wine Region Federico Topolansky Barbe1,*, Magdalena Gonzalez Triay2, Andrea Fujarczuc1 1School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Royal Agricultural University, UK 2Marketing Department, University of Gloucestershire, UK Copyright©2016 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate there is no research that has looked at the potential benefits the current business strategy of the Niagara wine region and of specialising in any grape varietal including Riesling. This to explore the potential of the Niagara wine region to research will partially address this gap in knowledge by specialise in Riesling grape variety. Questionnaires were gaining a deeper understanding of the potential benefits from administered to a range of different types of experts with a adopting specialisation in Riesling. This study is relevant specialty in wine. Quantitative data from the Liquor Control because it may help to determine whether the Niagara Board of Ontario supplemented the core interviews. The industry is producing wine with the greatest possible results of this study indicate that differentiation through efficiency. specialisation is the best strategy to develop the Niagara The specific objectives of this study are the following. wine region. However, the structure of the wine industry First, to evaluate the potential of the Niagara wine region to encourages wineries to produce a vast array of grape specialise in Riesling grape. -
Chardonnay Educator Guide
CHARDONNAY EDUCATOR GUIDE AUSTRALIAN WINE DISCOVERED PREPARING FOR YOUR CLASS THE MATERIALS VIDEOS As an educator, you have access to a suite of teaching resources and handouts, You will find complementary video including this educator guide: files for each program in the Wine Australia Assets Gallery. EDUCATOR GUIDE We recommend downloading these This guide gives you detailed topic videos to your computer before your information, as well as tips on how to best event. Look for the video icon for facilitate your class and tasting. It’s a guide recommended viewing times. only – you can tailor what you teach to Loop videos suit your audience and time allocation. These videos are designed to be To give you more flexibility, the following played in the background as you optional sections are flagged throughout welcome people into your class, this document: during a break, or during an event. There is no speaking, just background ADVANCED music. Music can be played aloud, NOTES or turned to mute. Loop videos should Optional teaching sections covering be played in ‘loop’ or ‘repeat’ mode, more complex material. which means they play continuously until you press stop. This is typically an easily-adjustable setting in your chosen media player. COMPLEMENTARY READING Feature videos These videos provide topical insights Optional stories that add from Australian winemakers, experts background and colour to the topic. and other. Feature videos should be played while your class is seated, with the sound turned on and SUGGESTED clearly audible. DISCUSSION POINTS To encourage interaction, we’ve included some optional discussion points you may like to raise with your class. -
Post-Fermentation Clarification: Wine Fining Process
Post-Fermentation Clarification: Wine Fining Process A Major Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillments of the requirements for the Chemical Engineering Bachelor of Science Degree Sponsored by: Zoll Cellars 110 Old Mill Rd. Shrewsbury, MA Submitted by: Allison Corriveau _______________________________________ Lindsey Wilson _______________________________________ Date: April 30, 2015 _______________________________________ Professor Stephen J. Kmiotek This report represents the work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its website without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, please see http://www.wpi.edu/academics/ugradstudies/project-learning.html Abstract The sponsor, Zoll Cellars, is seeking to improve their current post-fermentation process. Fining is a post-fermentation process used to clarify wine. This paper discusses several commonly used fining agents including: Bentonite, Chitosan and Kieselsol, and gelatin and Kieselsol. The following tests were conducted to compare the fining agents: visual clarity, mass change due to racking, pH, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bentonite was an F. Chitosan and Kieselsol were also successful with a wait time before racking of at least 24 hours. Gelatin and Kieselsol are not recommended for use at Zoll Cellars because gelatin easily over stripped the wine of important flavor compounds. i Acknowledgements We would like to thank our advisor, Professor Stephen J. Kmiotek, for his essential guidance and support. This project would not have been a success without you. We really appreciated how readily available you were to help us with any setbacks or problems that arose. -
CONTENTS ABSTRACT P.3 INTRODUCTION P.5 1. Picolit Grape……………………………………………………………
CONTENTS ABSTRACT p.3 INTRODUCTION p.5 1. Picolit grape……………………………………………………………… ….. p.5 2. Microorganisms from vineyard to wine environment……………………... p.7 2.1. Yeast evolution during fermentation……………………………… ….. p.8 2.2. Lactic Acid Bacteria evolution during fermentation………………….. p.10 2.3. Yeast and Lactic acid bacteria interaction…………………………….. p.13 3. Microorganism identification: Traditional Methods Vs Molecular Methods p.14 4. Polymerase chain reaction…………………………………………………… p.16 5. Theoretical aspects of Denaturant Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) p.18 MATERIALS AND METHODS p.20 1. Samples and Sampling procedures…………………………………………. p.20 1.1. Vineyard………………………………………………………………. p.20 1.2. Winery………………………………………………………………… p.20 1.3. Zymaflore ST Active dry yeast……………………………………… p.21 1.4. Must and wine………………………………………………………… p.21 2. Revitalization of vineyard and winery samples……………………………. p.24 3. Morphologic classification and identification……………………………… p.26 3.1. Storage of pure colonies………………………………………………. p.27 4. DNA extraction ……………………………………………………………… p.28 4.1. DNA extraction from isolated colonies……………………………….. p.28 4.2. DNA extraction from must and wine samples………………………… p.29 5. DNA Standardization………………………………………………………… p.29 6. Molecular analysis……………………………………………………………. p.30 6.1. PCR-DGGE protocol for Lactic Acid Bacteria……………………….. p.30 6.2. PCR-DGGE protocol for Saccharomyces sensu stricto strains……….. p.32 1 6.3. Nested PCR-DGGE protocol for non-Saccharomyces yeasts……….. p.34 7. Sequencing…………………………………………………………………… p.37 7.1. Issuing of the samples………………………………………………… p.38 RESULTS p.39 1. Bacteria differentiation…………………………………………………….. p.39 2. Saccharomyces differentiation …………………………………………….. p.43 3. Non Saccharomyces differentiation ……………………………………….. p.45 CONCLUSIONS p.49 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS p.50 REFERENCES p.51 2 ABSTRACT Usually all attempts to characterize the microbial diversity in wine fermentations have employed standard methods of enrichment and isolation to cultivate various microbial constituents before taxonomic identification. -
Grape Growing
GRAPE GROWING The Winegrower or Viticulturist The Winegrower’s Craft into wine. Today, one person may fill both • In summer, the winegrower does leaf roles, or frequently a winery will employ a thinning, removing excess foliage to • Decades ago, winegrowers learned their person for each role. expose the flower sets, and green craft from previous generations, and they pruning, taking off extra bunches, to rarely tasted with other winemakers or control the vine’s yields and to ensure explored beyond their village. The Winegrower’s Tasks quality fruit is produced. Winegrowers continue treatments, eliminate weeds and • In winter, the winegrower begins pruning • Today’s winegrowers have advanced trim vines to expose fruit for maximum and this starts the vegetative cycle of the degrees in enology and agricultural ripening. Winegrowers control birds with vine. He or she will take vine cuttings for sciences, and they use knowledge of soil netting and automated cannons. chemistry, geology, climate conditions and indoor grafting onto rootstocks which are plant heredity to grow grapes that best planted as new vines in the spring, a year • In fall, as grapes ripen, sugar levels express their vineyards. later. The winegrower turns the soil to and color increases as acidity drops. aerate the base of the vines. The winegrower checks sugar levels • Many of today’s winegrowers are continuously to determine when to begin influenced by different wines from around • In spring, the winegrower removes the picking, a critical decision for the wine. the world and have worked a stagé (an mounds of earth piled against the base In many areas, the risk of rain, hail or apprenticeship of a few months or a of the vines to protect against frost.