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Home , Great Indian Warpath

Index to Volume 16 Susan B. Felker

A Arkansas Territory, 111 Abernethy, Thomas Perkins, 92 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Abingdon, Va., 4, 17, 19, 28, I 0 I Union, 102 accommodations for guests, 8-9, 15, 18-20 Aspenvale Cemetery, I 0 I Adams, John, 3, 19 Aspenvale property, 91 Adams, President John, 52 Atlanta, Ga., battle at, 28 Africa, 108 Atlantic African-American(s), 6, 7, 17, 23, 41, 106, larger world of the, 82 108 Ocean, 109 migration, I 09 Atlantic seaboard, 46 out migration of free persons from , 92 , I 09, 110 leader, 93 , I 05, I 09 Augusta County, Va., 78, 90, 93, 95 Albemarle County, Va., 112 Austin, Oscar P., 81, 103, 105, 106 Albion sSeed, 92 Austin, Stephen F., 111, 112 Alexandria, Va., 7 Austinville, Va., 111 , 16, 72, 75 Austria, 3 Alps, 11, 15, 16 Ambler, Charles H., 45 B Amelia County, Va., 88 bacon,42 America, I, 3-5, 7, 16, 18, 77-79, 81, 85, Baedecker, 113 90,92,97-99, 102, 107 Bahamas, 63 American experiment, I 02 Ball, Colonel American heartland, routes to, 86 cousin of , 8 American Revolution, 28, 45, 51, 98, 99, egalitarian behavior, 9 101-104 host to the French royals, 8-9 American Revolution, Western Lands and, Bancroft, Frederic, I 08 92 banditti, I 02 Americas, the, 82 baptism, 39, 40 Amherst County, Va., 46-48 by sprinkling or immersion, 39 Amsterdam, 50, 53 Baptist Church, 39 Anabaptists, 7 Bardstown, Ky., l Andover, Mass., 51 Bartley, Captain, 13, 14 Appalachian Bath County, Va., 78 barrier, 86 Batte, Thomas, 86 Mountains, 86, 98-100 Battle of Blue Licks, 113 perspective, 80 Battle of Chattanooga, 27 region, 82, 85, I 09, 113 Battle of Chickamauga, 41 residents, I 09 Battle of Gettysburg, 4 I river valleys, 90 casualties known to Hyltons, 38 Trail, 80 Battle of King's Mountain, 99, IOI, 112 Appalachians, Museum of the Middle, I 14 Battle of Nashville, 28 Arkansas, 105, 106, 110, 112

124 Beale, Lucy Preston, 71-74 Breckinridge, John C., Vice President ofthe Beaudoin, I, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 17 U.S., 112 as source of infonnation, 6, 7 Bridenbaugh, Carl, 96, 99 Beaujolais, Louis Charles, Monsieur de, 3, Bristol, Va. and Tenn., 78, 113 4, 17 Britain, 95, 97 Bedford County, Va., 78, 89 British, I 02, I 03 Bell's Bridge, 35, 40 acquired halfa billion acres, 97 Bermuda, 63 Anny, 45 Beverley Manor grant, 91 Board ofAdmiralty, 56 Beverley, William, 91 Board ofTrade, 87, 90 Bingham, William, 58, 60, 61, 62 ceded vast areas of land to new nation, Continental agent in Martinique, 50 103 role in privateering voyages, 51 colonies, 9 Birrel, Andrew D., 86 Empire, 87 Blacks. See African-American(s), slaves government, l 00 Blacksburg, Va., 74, 91 Imperial Crisis, 1763-1776, 98 Blackwater River, 30, 33 merchant ships, 46 Blue Grass country, I 00 merchants, debt owed to, 98 Blue Ridge Mountains, 9, 11, 15, 23, 77, 80, military officers, I 00 87 Navy, 45, 46, 55 Bluefield, Va. and W. Va., 83 Ohio campaign in French and Indian Boone, Daniel, 48, 77, 78, I 00 War, 95 Boone, Jemima, 48 plantations in the Colonies, 87 Boonesborough, Ky., 48, 100 soldiers, 70, 74, 95 Borden tract, 91 Buchanan, Jane. See Floyd, Jane Buchanan Borden, Benjamin, 91 Buchanan, John, Col., 47, 91 borderers. See Virginia backcountry Buchanan, Margaret, 47 populace. Buckingham road, 89 Boston Harbor, 51 Burnett, Josiah, 31 Boston Tea Party, 98 Burwell, Lewis, 93 Boston, Mass., 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 63 Byrd, William II, 88 Bostonians, 99 Byrd, William III, 95, 96 Botetourt County Court, 47 Botetourt County, Va., 78, 89 c Bound Away: Virginia and the Westward Cabell, William Jr., Col., 46, 50 Movement, 81, 108, 110, 112, 113 introduced Floyd to Col. Preston, 4 7 boundary line California, 105, 111 between Virginia and North Carolina, 88 Calloway sisters, 48 Boylston, Elizabeth, 52 Camp Jackson, 33 Boylston, Susannah (Adams), 52 Camp Knoxville, Tenn, 33 Braddock, British General, 79 Campbell, Arthur, 17, 18, 19, 24, 112 Braddock, Gen. Edward, 49 Campbell, James, 19, 20 Braxton, Carter, 49-55, 58, 61, 62 Canada, 87, 94 instructions to Captain Cunningham Canadian maritime coast, 84 of Phoenix, 62-63 Carolina settlement, 92 breastworks, 37, 39 Cartlidge, Anna M., 45 Breckinridge, John, 112 Cash, Wilbur J., 81, 113

125 cattle drives colonists on Great Valley Road, 88 Anglo-American, 99, 100 census, 1850, 109 colonization Challiot, France, 59 period of, 84 Charles II, King of England, 90 Colston, Rawleigh, 53, 63 Charles Town (Charleston), W. Va., 12 commissary, Knoxville Confederate Charleston, S.C., 87, 95 captured by Yankees, 35 Charlotte, N .C., 81 Concord, Mass., 45, 46 Chartres, Duke of. See Louis Philippe Confederacy, 27 Chattanooga, Tenn., 27, 43 Confederate Cherbourg, France, 60 army, 28 Cherokee, 1, 4, 17, 22, 86-88, 93, 96, 100, Cavalry, 35 101 equipage scant, for Tullahoma "ethnic cleansing" of, 95 excursion, 36 homelands and capital, 95 Knoxville Commissary captured, 35 in , 95 money, 42, 43 relations with Virginians, 95 Confederate soldiers, 37 , 88 dissatisfaction among, 36 Cherokee War, 95, 96 food, 31 Pincers of the, 96 laying in the rain and mud to rest, 37 Treaty of Paris of 1763, 95 Connecticut, 103 , 54, 55, 85 Constitution, United States, 102 Chesapeake, Va., 83 Continental and British prisoners Chicago, Ill., 114 committee to arrange exchange, 50 Chickamauga, Ga., Battle of, 27 Continental Chilhowie, Va., 80, 82, 83, 89, 9I-93, 93, Army, 75 96 Commissioners, 58, 59, 61 archeological excavations in, 84 Congress, 45, 46, 48-50, 52, 56, 58, (Chote), 95 61, 62 Christian, William, Col., 4 7, 48, I I 2 Marine Committee, 45, 50, 5 I, 58 Christiansburg Mountain, 97 Navy, 45, 56 Christiansburg, Va., 15, 16, 74 com, 38, 42 Churchill, Winston, 94 Cornstalk, Chief Cincinnati, Ohio, I I 0 battle at Point Pleasant on , City Point (now Hopewell), 34 48 Civil War, I2, 27-44, 28, 29, 104 cotton Clack, et al., 105, I 07 belt, map ofthe, 108 Clark, General George Rogers, 62 gin, invention of, I 07 Clay, Henry, I 06 impact of production on slavery, 107-9 Claytor Lake, 93 price of a barrel of, 35 Clinch River, 48 production In United States, 107 Clinch Valley, 83 Cotton South, the, 106 Clinchfield Railroad, 114 cowboys and Indians, 88 Clingmans Dome Coyle, Carolyn 8., 29 highest point in Tennessee, 80 Craig family, 19 Coal River, 47 Croghan, George, 51 Culpeper Courthouse, 40

126 Culpeper, Lord John, 90 Duncan, Anna, 30 Cumberland area, 23 Dunkard Church, 42 Cumberland Gap, 49, 77, 83, 86, 100, 101, Dunkard's Bottom, 93 105 Dunkards, 38, 41 Cumberland Gap turnpike, 105 Dunmore's War, 46 Cunningham, Captain Joseph, 51-55, 62 Dutch colonies, 85 Cunningham, James, 52 Cura9ao, 50, 53, 63 E Custis family, 6 eastern continental divide, 4, 14, 15 Eaton, Capt. William F., 30, 31 D education d'Orleans, Louis Philippe. See Louis of Louis Philippe and his siblings, 2 Philippe egalitarianism, 5, 10, 24 Dandridge, Alexander Spottswood, 47 Elizabethton, Tenn., 99 Daughters of the American Revolution Elkton, Va., 87 (Tenn.) Chapter, 83 Encountering the First American West de Beaujolais. See Beaujolais website, 82 de LaFayette, George Washington England,2, 10,45,48,56 son of Marquis de LaFayette, 5 English de Montpensier. See Montpensier advance into the South, 87 de Soto, Hernando, 83 areas settled in 1650, 85 de Tocqueville, Alexis, 7 nation, 89 de Warville, Brissot, 103 English officers. See British soldiers Deane, Silas, 58, 59 English's [Ingles] Ferry, 14, 89 Declaration of Independence, 50, 58 Enlightenment, philosophy of, 2 Deep South, 104, 105, 107 epidemics new states of, 113 among Indians during Contact Period, 84 Delaware Bay, 55 Essex County, Va., 91 Denver, James, 111 Eurocentrism, 6 Department of State, U.S., 99 Europe,2, 12, 16, 18, 19,23,24,81,84 deserters, 28, 33 European, 82, 84 Desmoulins, Camille, 18 descendants, 106 Dickerson, Len, 42 diseases, 84 Dinwiddie, Robert, Governor, 94, 95 factions, 85 Directory (Directoire) government of imperial powers, I 02 France, 3 land claims in in 1650, disease and colonization, period of, 84-87 85 Dobyns, Capt. Thomas P., 30, 31 manufactured goods, 84 Dobyns, Frazer, 38 nations, 85 Donelson expedition, I 04 settlement in Virginia, 81 Donelson, John, 100 struggle for eastern North America, 97 Dorr, Ebenezer, 52 Evesham. See Wytheville Dover, England, 58 Draper Manuscripts, 71 F Draper, Lyman C., 45 Fairfax Grant, 91 Draper's Meadows, 91 Fairfax, Lord Thomas, 90 Dunaway, Wilma, 108 Falls of the Ohio, 104

127 Fanning, The Memoirs ofthe Life of Floyd, Va., 28 Nathaniel, 57 Floyd's Station, 62 Fann, 1740s American, 90 food in backcountry Virginia Fauquier, Francis, Governor, 90 spring scarcity of, 20 Ferguson, Patrick, I 0 I Forbes, British General, 79 Filson Historical Society, 68 Forks of the Ohio. See Fincastle, 14, 15 Fort Attakullakulla, 92 formerly a Virginia county, 47, 53, 59, Fort Chiswell, 17, 94 78, 99, 104 Fort Duquesne, 49 Resolutions of I775, 112, 113 Fort Frederick, 94, 95 Fincastle, Va., 48 Fort Henry, 86 Fischer, David Hackett, 11, 81, 92, I 08, Fort Lewis, 94 109, 111-113 Fort Robinson, 95, 96 Fleming, William, 95 Fort Vause, 15, 94 Flinchum, Deena, 114 Historic Marker, 94 Florida, 84, 97, 105, 106, 114 Forton Prison, 45, 55, 56, 58, 60 eastern and western provinces, 97 France, 2-5, 6, 8, 18, 19, 97 Floyd County Historical Society Museum, Franklin privateer, 52 27,28 Franklin, Benjamin, 57-61 Floyd County, Va., 27-29, 37, 40 sent aid for American prisoners in Floyd, Jane Buchanan, 62 Britain, 57 Floyd, John B., Virginia Governor, 62 Franklin, lost state of, 112 Floyd, John, Marine Captain, 45-62 French, 84, 86, 88 a founder of Louisville, Ky., 62 community of Philadelphia, 3 agrees to serve on Phoenix, 48 competition with, 87 as militia captain, 48, 53 explorers, missionaries, and traders, 86 became tutor, deputy sheriff, deputy influence on the , 95 surveyor, and militia captain, 47 king, I bookkeeping accounts relating to, 59 King Louis XIII, I capture and imprisonment by the King Louis XVI, 2 British, 45, 55, 56-58, 60 land claims in North America, 85 death of, 62 North American territories mostly lost, decision to venture into privateering, 46 97 escape from prison, 56, 57, 58 royals, I family connections, 46 traders, 93 first survey, 4 7 French and Indian War, 12, 49, 79, 89, 94, government loan, 58, 59, 62 97,99 junior investor in Phoenix syndicate, 48 French Revolution, 2, 4, 5, 18 marriage of, 61 executions of royalty, 2 misgivings about Phoenix syndicate, Frenchmen,3,4,9, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18-21,23 53,54 Friedenberg, Daniel, 92 position as a surveyor, 47, 48, 49 Frontier Culture Museum of Virginia, 81, Floyd, John, Virginia Governor, 62 90 Floyd, Letitia Preston, 49, 56, 57, 62, 70-71 frontier highway, concept of, 90 daughter-in-law of Captain John Floyd, frontier in American history, 81 49 Fry, Joshua-Peter Jefferson mapofl755, 13

128 Fulkinson, Major, 19 Grinch That Stole Southern History, the: fur trade, 88 Anthem for an Appalachian Perspective, Furstenberg, Fran~ois, 82, 98 80 Guadaloupe, 53 G Gulf of Mexico coast, 84 Gardner, Joseph, 52 George lll, British King, 97 H Proclamation of 1763 re land division, Haiti, 7, 53 98 slave revolt in, 6 Georgia, 10 Hallam, Robert, 86 German(s) and German-speakers, 12, 13, Hamilton, Alexander, 18, 19 23,92,93 Hanover, Va., 69 Gettysburg, Battle of, 41 Harman, Adam, 92 casualties known to Hyltons, 40 Harman, Captain Austin, 32, 33, 41 gold, 42 Harman, Jacob S., 42 Golden Horseshoe, Knights of the, 87 Harman, Nancy, 42 Golden Spike, the, 77 Harper's Ferry, 4, 11, 15 Goochland County, Va., 91 Harrison, Benjamin, 50 Goodykoontz, George, 38 Harrison, Benjamin Jr., 50 Goodykoontz, William, 38, 40 Harrison, Richard, 60 Gordonsville, Va., 41 Harrison, William Henry, President, 112 Gouverneur, Isaac, 50, 53, 63 Harter, Francis, 39 Graham-White archeological site, 84 Hartley, David, 57 Gratz, Barnard, 51 Hawkins, Sir John, 84 Gratz, Michael, 51, 52, 61 Haynes, Harry, 114 part owner of several privateers, 51 Haywood, John, Judge, 88, 89 Great Britain, 3, 63 Headen, Lieutenant John W., 38 Great Grant, 91, 92 Heartland Corridor, 114 Great Indian Warpath, 83, 89 Helms, John W., 38 , 97 Henderson, Richard, Judge, 99, I 00 Great Road, 4, 14, 22, 77, 78, 86, 91, 92, Henrico County, Va., 72 110 Henry, Patrick, 46, 47 most heavily traveled in America, 77, 99 Henry, Rev. Patrick, 71 popular-audience books about, 78 Hepplewhite, 75 sections of, 78 Highland regiments, 95 Great Road and Its Extensions, 77 Highway 107, Va., 80 Great Southwest Road. See Virginia's Great history, study of, 79 Southwest Road Hite, Jost, 91 Great Valley Road, 77, 78, 88, 90, 91, 107 Hofstra, Warren, 78, 82, 114 Great Valley Road of Virginia, The. 78 , 4, 17, 22, 86, 89, 93, 95-97 to Philadelphia, 77, 78, Middle Fork, 92 99, 104 Holston Valley, 93 green peas, first delicate, bright Hornet, a Continental ship, 56 served to British at Smithfield, 75 House of Burgesses, 96 Greenfield, Botetourt County, Va. 47 House of Representatives, I 05 Greenwich, England, 89 Houston, Sam, Governor, 112 Houston, Texas, 112

129 Howard, Dr. Thomas Henry, 29 Hylton, Nathan, 29 Howell, Beaufort, 35 Hylton, Riley, 32 Valley, N.Y., 85 Hylton, Roziner Ernaline, 29 Huff, B. B., 89 Huff, Barbara Ellen I wife of Lorenzo Hylton. See also Illinois, I 05, 110 Barbara Hylton Illinois Company, 5 I Huff-Hylton Papers, 29 immigrants Hutton's Creek, 89 as backbone ofAmerica, 81 Hylton, Ananias, 42 Indian Fields, 89, 92 Hylton, Barbara near Chilhowie, 92 childbirth, 29, 30 Indian Reserve of 1763, 97-100, See also desire to join a church, 38, 39, 40 Proclamation Line letters to her husband, 29-30, 37-42 ignored by settlers and land speculators, managing farm harvest, 30, 36, 38, 40, 98 42 Indian Road by the Treaty of Lancaster, 90 poems to her husband, 30, 44 Indian trails, 82, 84 Hylton, Bethany Elvira, 28 Southwest Virginia, 83 Hylton, Burwell, 28 Trail 3 I (Great Indian Warpath}, 83 father of Lorenzo Hylton, 28 Trail 36 (Chesapeake branch, Great Hylton, Catherine Weddle, 42 Indian Warpath}, 83 Hylton, E. W., 32 Trail 58, 83 Hylton, Hannah, 32 Indian Trails of the Southeast, 83 Hylton, Henderson, 3 I Indian(s), 46-48, 62, 71, 82, 84, 87-89, 99, Hylton, Ira Slusher, 39 I I 2, See also Cherokee Hylton, Jacob S., 40, 42 conflict among settlers and, 99 Hylton, John Hancock, 35, 40, 42 Contact Period holocaust, 85 Hylton, John W., 32 discontent, I 02 Hylton, Joshua, 32 forgotten centuries of their history, 84 Hylton, Lorenzo, 28 Indian Trade, Act for Better Regulation ambrotype of, 27, 28 of, 87 attitude toward war, 29, 33-36, 4I majority killed by European diseases, 84 clothing, 33, 34, 41, 43 map showing pre-Contact trails, 82, 83 death of, 44 roadside monument to, in Tenn., 82, 83 farmer and music teacher, 28 Southeastern Mound building culture, 85 second lieutenant after two months, 29 trade contacts, 84, 86, 88 sending money home, 34 unrest, 4, 14, 15, 17 volunteer for the 54th Virginia, 28 Yuchi tribe, 84 weakened condition of, 39, 40, 43 Indiana, I 05, I I 0 wounded, 43 Indiana Company, 51 Hylton, Lorenzo and Barbara Indigenous America, Post-Contact, 84 children, 28, 29, 36, 42, 44 Indus River Valley, I 07 Civil War Letters, 27-44 Industry, privateer, 51 letters, uniqueness of, 29 Ingles Ferry, I4, I 7, 89 Hylton, Lutaro Mecaltha, 28 Ingram, David, 84 Hylton, Mary Ann, 28 inns Hylton, Mathias Francis, 35, 40, 42 accommodations at, 8, 20-22

130 ofbackcountry Virginia, 12, 13, 20-21 L Internet, 81 Lacy, Lieutenant John, 31 Interstate Highway 1-77, 114 Lady Washington privateer, 52 Interstate I-81, 77, 78, 83, 89, 97, 114 LaFayette, 5, 8 Iowa, 105, 110 Lake Huron, l 03 Ire land, I 0, 20, 79, 91 Lake Michigan, 103 Irish tract, 91 Lake Ontario, 61 Island Flats, Tenn., I 0 I Lamb, Janie Preston Boulware, 74, 75 Isle of Wight County, Va., 29, 30 land claims, 90, 99, I 03 J claims, demand for cession of, I 02 Jackson, Andrew, I 00, 112 control and development in 1780s, I 02 Jackson, Henry, 51 grants as system of land redistribution, Jacobin, 2 91 James River, 14, 91, 97 grants for military service, I 00 Jamestown, Va., 81, 86 speculators, 97, 98, I 00, I 02 Jefferson, Peter, 49 land fever, 91, 92, 97, 98 Jefferson, Thomas, 18, 49, 61, 97, 101, 107 lead mines, 96, 111 Johnson, David Lee County, Va., 77 Dairy Farm, 92 Lee, Arthur, 58, 59 Jones, A. J., 42, 43 Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 58 Lee, Richard Henry, 58 K Lee, Thomas Ludwell, 50 , 47 Leesburg, Va., 8 Kanhaway (New) River, 14, 17 Lehmann, Johann Gottlob, 16 Kegley, F. B., 90, 94 Lewis, Andrew, General, 15, 95 Kegley, Mary B., 17, 114 Lewis, Col. Andrew, 48 Kelly, James C., 81, 108, 109, 111, 112 Lexington, Mass., 45, 46 Kentucky, I, 45-49, 62, 86, 92, 93, 99, I 00, Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit ofLand, 92 104, 105, 110, 112, 113 Little , 95 Kentucky's Last Cavalier Liverpool, England, I 09 grandson of Wi II iam Preston, 112 London,England,87,90,98 Keyes' Ferry, 11 Long Island Kilmacronan, 91, 92 in Holston River, 83, 95, 96 king, last of France. See Louis Philippe Louis d'ors, 58, 59 King's Mountain, 99, IOI, 112 Louis Philippe, 1-24 Kingsport, Tenn., 83, 95, I00, IO I 1796 deal with new French government, 3 West Stone Drive, 83 backcountry faux pas, 12 Kingston, Tenn., 41 deaths of his brothers, 1807, 1808, 4 Kitterman, George, 38 dislike of dense forests, 11, 24 Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, 77, 87 dwindling financial resources, I, 3, 4 Knox County, Tenn., 35 enjoyment of spring, 22 Knoxville, 12, 22 execution of his father, 2, 18 Knoxville, Tenn., 33-37, 39, 95 fate offamily due to French Revolution, Koontz, Louis, 94 2-3 interest in maple sugar, 19 journal (travel diary), I, 4--5

131 knowledge of languages, 4, 13 Matthews, John Albert, 38 low opinion ofbackcountry workers, Mays, David John 21, 24 mistaken about John Floyd's role, 52 memories of George Washington, 8 Mays, Ryan, 90, 91, 114 military service, ( 1792 - 1793 ), 2 McCullough, David, 81 opinions about slavery, 6, 7 McDowell, James, 62 perception of Virginia mountains, 15 McDowell, Virginia Governor James, 62 philosophy of, 2 merchant correspondents for Phoenix, 53 preference for cultivated lands, 22 Mercury, privateer, 51 reaction to other travelers, 14 Methodist Church, 39 respect for right of French to choose Methodists, 7 government, 3 Michigan, I 03, I 05, I 06, l l 0 simple mode of travel, 4 Middle Atlantic states, I views on egalitarian behavior, 9 Midwest, the, 114 Louis Philippe Joseph, I migration, 79, 92, 97, I 09, 111, See execution of, 2 westward migration Louis XIII, French King, I human flood of, I 03 Louis XVI, French King, 2 motives for, I 04 Louisiana, 87, I 04- l 06, l l I to other states, I 09-10 Louisiana Purchase, I 05 Mill Prison, 56 Louisville, Ky., 62, 68, I 04 Miller, Lewis, l 07 Lovering, William, 51 Miller, William, 97 Loyal Company, 49 Mind ofthe South, The, 81, 113 minutemen, 45 M Missionary Ridge, battle at, 43 MacNeal's Fort, 94 Mississippi, 91, 92, 97, 103, l 05, 110 Madison, James, I 07 Mississippi region, 93 Mahanaim, Va., 93, 94 Mississippi River, I, 15, 87, 97, 103, 111 Maine, 61, I 05, I 06, I I 0 watershed, 91, 92 Malcom, Daniel, 51 Missouri, I 05, I 06, 110, 111 maple sugar, 19, 20, 24 Little Dixie, 111 Marblehead, Mass., 52 Missouri Compromise, I 06 Marietta, Ga., 43 Missouri Territory, 111 Marion, Va., 91, IOI Moccasin Gap, Va., I 00, l 0 I Marseilles, France, 3 Monmartre, 16 Marshall, Thomas, I 08 Monroe, James, I 07 Martinique, 45, 51, 58, 60 Montgomery County, 4, 16, 78, 94, 97, 98 Martinsville, Va., 88 Montgomery County, Va., 74 , 38, 85, 90, I 02, I 04 Montpensier, 14, 17 Mason, George Antoine Philippe, Monsieur de on Virginia Committee of Safety, 50 Montpensier, 3, 4 Masonic Morris, Robert, 50-52, 54, 58, 60, 61, 63 ideas and practices, 2 "Financier of the Revolution", 50 Massachusetts, 45, 46, 51-56, 61, I 03, 110 Morrison, Joseph L., 81 Massachusetts Bay Council, 51 Mount Mitchell, N.C. Massanutten Mountain, 13 highest peak east of the Misssissippi, 80 Matewan, W. Va., 95

132 Mount Rogers, Va., 80, 83 Norton, Uncle, 75 highest point in Virginia, 80 MountVernon,4-6,23, 107 0 mountain formation Occoquon Creek, 91 18th century theory of, 16 Ocracoke, N.C., 56 Moyano, Hernado, 83 Ohio, 79,82,86,92,94,95, 104, 105, 109, Mugford, Captain James, 52 110, 112 mulatto( es) , 49 Washington's house slaves, 6 Ohio River, 47, 48, 79, 82, 102, 104 Murray, William, 51 Ohio Valley, 82, 92 Museum of the Middle Appalachians, 114 Old Dominion, 27 Myer, William E., 82 Onuf, Peter, 102 Orange County, Va., 91 N Orleanism, centrist philosophy, 3 Nashville, Tenn., 28, 100, 104 as threat to French extremists, 2 nation-building, 77, 78, 81, 90, 93, Orleans dynasty, 1-3, 9, 18, 22 100-102, 104, 106, 107, Ill as capitalists and entrepreneurs, 1 Native American(s), 23 Orleans, Duke of. See Louis Philippe and see Indian(s) Louis Philippe Joseph native populations. See Cherokees, Indians Otter River, 89 Natural Bridge, 4, 13 Our Lady ofMount Carmel and Saint Negroes. See African-American(s) and Anthony, 56, 61 slaves neutral ship seized illegally by Phoenix, Neptune, privateer, 51 56 , 1, 79,85,95, 105, 110 Overmountain Men, 99, 101 New Hampshire, 110 New Market, Va., 13 p New Orleans, 1 Pardo, Juan, 83 New River, 83, 86, 89, 92, 93, 95, 97, See Paris, 8, 9, 15, 16, 57, 58, 60--62 also Kanawha River Parliament, 57 New River Valley, 92, 95 Patton, James, 91-93 New World, 103, 107 Patton, Robert, 58 , 1, 85, 92, 94, I 09, 110 Pearl Harbor, 49 Newfoundland, 97 Pendleton, Edmund, 49, 50, 52 Newmarket, Va., 112 , I, IO, 12, 23, 90, 93, 94, 109, Nile River Valley, I 07 110 No Taxation Without Representation, 98 Pepper's Ferry, 14 Norfolk Southern Railroad, 114 Petersburg, Va., 30, 33, 86 Norfolk, Va., 29, 30, 114 Petersburg-Weldon, N.C. road, 30 North America, 85, 97, 98 Petticolas, Philip A., 72 interior boundaries redrawn by King Pfleger, George, 38, 40 George III, 97 Philadelphia, 3, 4 map of in 1650, 85 Philadelphia, Pa., 53, 77, 78, 88, 90, 99 North Carolina, 80, 96, 100, I 0 I Philippe Egalite. See Louis Philippe Joseph North, the, 96, 105 Phoenix, privateer, 45--62 Northern Neck Proprietary, 90 changed from sloop to schooner, 53 Northwest Ordinance, 102, I 07 description, 51

133 officers, 51 as family matriarch, 69, 75 plans for first voyage to West Indies, 53 family reminiscences about, 69, 70 recruitment of crew, 53, 56 hid state gold between beds, 73 returned to Virginia, 55 life records meager, 69 refitted, 55 marriage of, 71 Phoenix privateering syndicate, 45--63 portraits of, 68, 70, 72 partial list of members, 52 reluctant hostess to British, 74 sales of prize ships, 60 saved part ofVirginia's treasury, 71 secrecy about members, 48 struggle with thief, 73 similar to Ohio Company and Loyal twelve children, 69 Company, 49 upbringing and education, 70, 71 Phripp & Bowdin, 52 Preston, Virginia Governor James Patton, Phripp, Matthew, 55, 62, 63 62 Piedmont region, 80 Primitive Baptists. See Dunkards pioneers, 4, 14, 15, 17, 20, 23 prisoners, 30, 31, 34, 35 Pirate Act of March 1777, British, 56 British relief for Americans, 57 Pittsburgh, Pa., 79, 94, 110 Civil War exchange of, 34 Plymouth, England, 56 privateer Poage, Col. Thomas, 32 needed cannons and additional crew, 53 Point Pleasant, 48 privateering population, white and free Black definition of, 45 places of birth, 1850 census, 109 prize rules of 1775, 45, 46 Portsmouth, England, 55, 56 seen as patriotic, immensely profitable, 46 Portugal, 97 privateering syndicate membership Portuguese, 63 a hanging offence against the Crown, 49 , 8, 11 Proclamation Line, 97, 98 Powhatan County, Va., I 09 Protestant farmers, 90 Pratt, James W., 43 protohistoric period, 82 pre-Contact period, 85 Prussia, 3 Presbyterian, 57 Pulaski County, 78 Preston family Jore Pulitzer Prize, 81 may contain errors, 69 Purdie's Virginia Gazette, 51, 54 Preston, Colonel William, 47, 49, 62, 69-74,95, 104, 112 Q as surveyor, 72 Quakers, 7, 9, I 0 death of, 71 first free people opposing slavery, 10 most powerful in western Virginia, 4 7 Quebec, 97 suggests West Indian trade to Floyd, 48 Preston, Elizabeth, 75 R Preston, Letitia Radford, Ya. see Floyd, Letitia Preston archeological excavations in, 84 Preston, Sarah (later McDowell), 62 Radford, William, 56, 61 Preston, Susanna and Col. William railroad, 27, 89 Jove for each other, 70, 71 damage by Yankees near Knoxville, 35 Preston, Susanna Smith, 69-75 Norfolk to Weldon, N.C., 30 a gracious and strong woman, 75 transcontinental, 77 armed herself with a large sword, 73 Raitz, Karl, 78

134 Raleigh Tavern, 51 Scotland, I 0 Randolph, Virginia Attorney General Scots-Irish, I 0, 20 Edmund, 61 Scott County, Va., 77 Read, Eva, 40 scriptures, 16, 38 Reedy Creek Settlement, 93 Senate, the, I 05 Reno, Jesse, 111 settlement(s), 81, 82, 87, 88, 90-93, 95, 97, Revere, Paul, 46 100, 102 Rhode Island, I 02 settlers, 86, 88, 90--92, 95, 96, 98-10 I, I 05 Rice, Betty Ann Phillips, 29 Seven Mile Ford, 89 Richmond, 70, 71, 73 Seven Years' War. See French and Indian Richmond Standard, 70, 71 War Richmond, Va., 41 Sevier, John, Governor, 112 Roanoke, 15 Shawnee Roanoke County, Va., 77, 78 villages in Ohio, 95 , 97 Shawsville, 15 Roanoke Valley, Va. Shawsville, Va., 94 archeological excavations in, 84 Shelby, Evan, 112 Roanoke, Va., 29, 77, 78, 83, 84, 94 Shelby, Isaac, Governor, 112 Robinson, John Shenandoah, 15 illegal loans to insolvent planters, 96-98 Shenandoah River, 11, 87, 97 treasurer of Virginia, 96 ShenandoahValley,4, 12, 15,23,87,88 Rockbridge County, Va., 13, 91, 112 Shippen privateer, 51 Rockingham County, Va., 91 Significance ofthe Trans-Appalachian Rocky Mountains, 111 Frontier in Atlantic History, The, 82 Rogers family, 19 silver, 42 Rohrbough, Malcolm, 82 Simon, Joseph, 51 Rome, Ga., 43 slave(s), 73, 87, 105-107 Roosevelt, President Theodore, 48 atMountVernon,5-7 Rowe,John,51,52,55,60,63 auction block at every courthouse, I 09 agent for owners of Phoenix, 51 ban on importation from Africa, 1808, allowed to purchase gunpowder, 51 108 Russell County, Ky., 112 coffies, I 07, 108, I 09 Russell, William, 112 in George Washington's will, 6 interstate trafficking in Appalachia, I 09 s murder of, by master, 6 Sabbatarians, 93 narratives of, I 09 Saint-Domingue. See Haiti poor living conditions, 6 Salem, Va., 94 population of, I 07 Saltville, Va., 80, 82 sales forced migration to Deep South, salt lick property grant, 91 107-9 Saltville-Chilhowie region, 82 taken west, estimated number of, I 08 Sandy Creek expedition, 94 Virginia a breeding place, I 08 Sawyer archeological site, 84 slavery, 5-8, 23, 112 Sawyers, Robert, 61 and nation-building, I 07 Scotch-Irish, 91, 92, 101, 112, See also balance of slave vs. non-slave-holding Scots-Irish states, 106 importance of, 91 in new states, I 02

135 spread of, 1805-1854, I 05-10 Spangler, Eden, 40 Slusher, Henry, 32 Spanish, I 02 Slusher, J.H., 41 ceded Florida to Britain, 97 Slusher, Mary Ann. See Hylton, Mary Ann influence, 83-84 Slusher, Samuel, Lt., 41, 44 land claims in North America, 85 smallpox vaccination, 32 trade goods, 84 Smith family, 19 Spanish and French Smith, Ben, 70, 72 exploration and opening ofthe continent, Smith, Daniel, Senator, 112 85 Smith, Elizabeth and Francis, 69, 72 Spences, Capt [Jeremiah], 31 Smith, Francis, 71 Spotswood, Alexander, Lt. Governor, 87 Smith, Mazy, 40 Spotsylvania County, Va., 91 Smith, Susanna. See Susanna Smith Preston. squatters, 91, I 02 Smithfield, 4 7, 48 St. Asaph settlement attack by thieves, 72 founded by John Floyd and 30 men, 48 fort built at, 48 St. Lawrence River, 86, 87 move to, 71 St. Lawrence River basin, 94 named for Susanna Smith Preston, 72, Stalnaker, Samuel, 93 74 Stamp Act, 98 Prestons' new home, 4 7 state(s) Smithfield Plantation, I 04 admission to the Union, I 04 Smithfield Review, 69, I 08 formation of, 82, I 02, I 03, I 05 Smyth County, 78 Northern, I 05 South Carolina, 53, 87, 93, 95, IOI slave- holding and non-slave holding, South Carolinians, 95 104 South, history of States Admitted to the Union 1791 - 1803, an Appalachian perspective, 80 105 hillbilly view, 113 States Admitted to the Union 1812 - 1821, slave-owning, plantation-based white 106 supremacist view, 80 States Admitted to the Union 1836 - 1845, South, the, 80, 81, 86, 87, 91, 105, 107, 109, 106 113 Staunton River, 89 Southampton County, Va., 30 Staunton, Va., 13, 81, 90-92, I 07, 112 Southeast, the, 84 Stephen, Adam, 95, 96 Southern experience, 81 Stephenson, Nathaniel Wright, 85 Southerners, 113 Steps in the Expansion ofOur Territory, 81 Southwest Virginia, 77-79, 81-84, 86, 89, Stigleman, Dr. Callohill M., 29, 32 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, I 0 I, I 04, I 05, I 08, Strasburg, Va., 13 110, 114 Stuart, Dr. John D., 29, 32 early settlement life in, 70, 71 Suffolk, Va., 29-31 gateway to the west, 78, 79 sugar maples, 18, 19 little archeological evidence from, 82 Sumner County, Tenn., 112 prehistoric period, 82 sunstroke Spanish contact in, 83 among Confederate troops, 37 Thoroughfare ofNation-Building, 77, Surinam, 53, 63 114 Switzerland, 11 Spain, 97 , 99-10I

136 T Virginia, I, 4, 6-11, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22-24, Tapp, Hambleton, 45 77-101, 103-114 telegraph, 35 army of, 95, 96 Tennessee, I, 4, 14, 17, 20, 22, 77, 78, 80, backcountry populace, I 0, 21 82,83,86,88,89,92-96,99-101, 104, central folkways region, 10, 23 105, 109, 110-113 eastern folkways region, 5-8, 9, 10, 23 Tennessee, Anny of, 27 frontier, 82, 94, 98 Texas, 105, 106, 110-112 geology and geography, 13, 14 Thomas, Almira, 39 migration from, 79 Thomas, John W., 39 other ethnic groups, 10 Tidewater region, 80 out migration from, I 10 Tidewater Virginia, 88, 112 political boundary of, 1784-1863, 86 Titusville, Fla., 29 slave supplier to Deep South, 107 tobacco,49,50,57,58,91, 100, 109 southern highland culture, I 0, 11, 24 traded for arms shipments, 58 western folkways region, I 0-1 7, 23 Tory force, IOI western settlement and occupation, 87 trade route, Colonial Virginia, Continental ship, 51 shortcut sought across mountains, 88 Virginia & Tennessee Railroad, 27 traders, deerskin, 87, 95 Virginia and North Carolina Trans-Appalachian Frontier: People, boundary line, 88 Societies, and Institutions, The, 82 Virginia Assembly, 87, 88 Transylvania Company, 99, 100 Virginia Cavalier, 113 Traveling Church, 104 Virginia Clique Treaty of Lancaster, 90 of central Ohio, 112 Treaty of Paris of 1763 Virginia Colony, 87, 100 settled New World land division, 97 Virginia Committee of Safety, 50 Treaty of Paris of 1783, I 02 Virginia Convention, 49 Trigg archeological site, 84 Virginia Council, 91, 93 Trigg, Stephen, 112, 113 Virginia Fort, 95 Troutman, Phillip D., 108 Virginia Frontier 1759, The Tullahoma, 36, 37 map by F.B. Kegley, 94 Confederate retreat from, 3 7 Virginia Gazette. See Purdie's Virgina Turner, Frederick Jackson, 81 Gazette twentieth century, 81 Virginia Highlands Festival, 114 Virginia Historical Society, 81 u Virginia House of Burgesses, 47, 50 Union, the, 102, I 04-106, 112 Virginia Indian Company, 87 United States, 102, 103, 109, 112 Virginia Infantry Regiment, 50th, 32 independence of, 77 Virginia Infantry Regiment, 54th, 27, 28, 29 Upper South, the, I 0 I, I 04, I 09 Company D, 28 Utah, 77 Virginia Infantry Regiment, 63rd, 32 Virginia oligarchs, 96, 97, 98, 99, 113 v Virginia state gold Valley of Virginia, 81, 82, 90, 91 kept in Preston's home, 72, 73 Vaughan, Mr., 88, 89 Virginia state line, 83 Vermont, 104, 105, 110 Virginia Tech, 80 Vicksburg, Miss., 38 Virginia Tech, Newman Library, 29, 114

137 Virginia/Maryland colonies, 85 Western Lands and the American Virginia's Great Southwest Road, 77, 78, Revolution, 92 80,82,84-91,93-101, 104-108, western migration. See migration, 110-113 outmigration, and westward migration counties along the, 78 western territory growing settler traffic, 93 relinquished by 13 original states, I03 possible modem-day remnant of, 89 Western Waters, 91 used for slave transport, 106-110 Westfork Church, 40 Virginians, 77, 87, 90, 92, 94-100, 107, 109, westward expansion, 77, 79, 87, 111 carried their culture and political westward migration, 92, I 00, I 09 institutions to new states, 77 wheat, 38, 40, 42 cultural legacy of, 111-113 white cane sugar, 18, 19 in colonial period, 85, 86 whites, migration west from Virginia, 110 Tidewater, 91 Whitney, Eli, I 07 westward migration, 77, I 05-111 Whyte, John, 79 Wilderness Road, 77, 78, 100 w popular audience books about, 78 Waddell, Hugh, Colonel, 96 William of Normandy, 18 Wade, John, 40 Williams, James, I 09 Wade, Lieutenant Colonel John Jesse, 37 Williamsburg, Va., 51, 53, 54, 62, 93, 98 Walker, Dr. Thomas, 49, 50, 52, 58, 62, 93 Willing & Morris, 50-52, 62 a guardian ofThomas Jefferson, 49 Willing, Anne, 62 discovered Cumberland Gap, 49 Willing, Thomas, 62 Wallenstein, Peter, 80, 114 Willis, Va., 28 War of Revolution. See American Wills, Wirt H., 45 Revolution Winchester, Va., 12, 78 Wardwell, John, 56 Wisconsin, 69, 71, 105, 110 Warner, Elias, 51, 52 Wisconsin Historical Society, 71 Washington County, 17, 78, 107 Woktela (Yuchi historian), 84 Washington, General George and his army, Wood, Abraham, 86, 87 50 Works Project Administration, I 08 Washington, Martha Custis, 6 World War II, 81 Washington, President George, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, Wren, Rev. Thomas, 57 12, 47, 49, 94, 97, 98, 107 Writers' Program of the Works Project treatment of slaves, 6 Administration, I 08 Watauga River, 99-10 l Wythe County, 17, 78, 96, 111 Watauga settlers, 99 Wytheville, Va., 17, 33, 41, 94 Wayne, General Anthony, 17 Weber City, Va., IOI y Weddle, Samuel P., 30 Yadkin River, 90 Weddle, Simon P., 32, 43 Yankees,30,31,33-37,41, 113 Weldon, N.C., 30 Yorktown, Va., 54 Welsh, Captain John, 57-60 Yuchi tribe, 84 West Indian trade, 48 West Indies, 46, 51, 53, 55, 58, 60, 63 , 12, 27, 77, 78, 95, 104 West, the trans-Appalachian, 82

138