Isole Linguistiche Storiche Germaniche
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ALEMANA GERMAN, ALEMÁN, ALLEMAND Language
ALEMANA GERMAN, ALEMÁN, ALLEMAND Language family: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German. Language codes: ISO 639-1 de ISO 639-2 ger (ISO 639-2/B) deu (ISO 639-2/T) ISO 639-3 Variously: deu – Standard German gmh – Middle High german goh – Old High German gct – Aleman Coloniero bar – Austro-Bavarian cim – Cimbrian geh – Hutterite German kksh – Kölsch nds – Low German sli – Lower Silesian ltz – Luxembourgish vmf – Main-Franconian mhn – Mócheno pfl – Palatinate German pdc – Pennsylvania German pdt – Plautdietsch swg – Swabian German gsw – Swiss German uln – Unserdeutssch sxu – Upper Saxon wae – Walser German wep – Westphalian Glotolog: high1287. Linguasphere: [show] Beste izen batzuk (autoglotonimoa: Deutsch). deutsch alt german, standard [GER]. german, standard [GER] hizk. Alemania; baita AEB, Arabiar Emirerri Batuak, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgika, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brasil, Danimarka, Ekuador, Errumania, Errusia (Europa), Eslovakia, Eslovenia, Estonia, Filipinak, Finlandia, Frantzia, Hegoafrika, Hungaria, Italia, Kanada, Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan, Liechtenstein, Luxenburgo, Moldavia, Namibia, Paraguai, Polonia, Puerto Rico, Suitza, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Txekiar Errepublika, Txile, Ukraina eta Uruguain ere. Dialektoa: erzgebirgisch. Hizkuntza eskualde erlazionatuenak dira Bavarian, Schwäbisch, Allemannisch, Mainfränkisch, Hessisch, Palatinian, Rheinfränkisch, Westfälisch, Saxonian, Thuringian, Brandenburgisch eta Low saxon. Aldaera asko ez dira ulerkorrak beren artean. high -
Bavarian for Beginners
acks RR ba R Simple greetings and courtesies towe You should definitely know the following Bavarian greetings and courtesies so you can appropriately respond to them and will not be regarded as an unfriendly “Saupreiss” (see Trink ma no a Mass (Let’s below). But beware: Native Bavarians often use rather rough ex- drink another pressions and many beginners mistake that for rudeness which mass of beer)! is not always the case. So just stay calm and you can’t go wrong. Bavarian must be studied. Bavarian German English Griaß di God Grüß Gott, guten Hello Tag Wiederschaun, Auf Wiedersehen, Goodbye Pfiat di God Tschüss Servus, Servas Hallo, Tschüss Hello / Goodbye Bavarian for Habedehr(e), gfraid Hat mich gefreut, My pleasure! me freut mich Beginners – Dangschee Danke schön, vielen Thank you Dank Learning Bavarian Wos mägst? Wie bitte? Würdest Excuse me? Would du das bitte wie- you please repeat derholen? that? made easy Host mi?! Hast du jetzt Did you endlich begriffen? understand? (rhetorische Frage mit Nachdruck) Every year anew, Bavarian fests are opened with a loud “O’zapft Hock di her da! Setz dich ruhig zu Sit down with us is!“ (“It has been tapped!“). And “Schleich di!“ is not a polite uns request to quietly leave but means to get going as fast as possi- ble. Following is a small but very useful Bavarian Translator that Do legst di nieda! Donnerwetter (Aus- Wow! For crying out might be of great help to you when you’re in Bavaria. druck des Erstau- loud! nens) Characteristics of the Bavarian language and phonetics An Guadn Guten Appetit Enjoy your meal There are many Bavarian dialects. -
10 Della L.P
Consiglio della Provincia autonoma di Trento AUTORITA' PER LE MINORANZE LINGUISTICHE RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2020 (ai sensi dell’art. 10 della L.P. n. 6 del 19/06/2008) AUTORITA’ PER LE MINORANZE LINGUISTICHE - Presidente dott. Dario Pallaoro - Avv. Giada Nicolussi - Avv. Luciana Rasom 3 4 Signor Presidente del Consiglio della Provincia Autonoma di Trento Signori Consiglieri In ottemperanza a quanto previsto dall’art. 10 della legge provinciale n. 6 del 10 giugno 2008, questa Autorità presenta la relazione riguardante l’attività per l’anno 2020. L’anno 2020 è stato connotato dall’emergenza epidemiologica Covid-19, purtroppo ancora in corso, che ha rallentato l’attività di questa Autorità, riducendo la possibilità di incontro con gli enti e organismi vari che si occupano delle minoranze linguistiche della nostra provincia. Gli incontri a distanza, pur con tutti gli aspetti positivi che ne derivano, non sono certamente paragonabili con gli incontri in presenza. I componenti di questa Autorità sono giunti al termine del loro mandato; preme pertanto innanzitutto ringraziare per l’attenzione e la disponibilità dimostrata da tutti i soggetti che hanno avuto rapporti con l’Autorità, contribuendo alla sua azione e attivandosi per la risoluzione delle problematiche e criticità rilevate. Si ringrazia, altresì, il Presidente del Consiglio Provinciale, la segreteria generale e tutto il suo personale per il supporto amministrativo e la collaborazione forniti. L’Autorità ha cercato di dare il suo contributo attraverso un’azione di informazione, di sollecito, di richiesta di chiarimenti e di proposte sui diversi temi di volta in volta trattati. Si auspica che ciò sia stato utile e propositivo per le comunità di minoranza, ed abbia anche, seppur in modo parziale, contribuito a sensibilizzare tutta la 5 popolazione trentina, ancora scarsamente informata e poco consapevole delle realtà di minoranza. -
Partitive Article
Book Disentangling bare nouns and nominals introduced by a partitive article IHSANE, Tabea (Ed.) Abstract The volume Disentangling Bare Nouns and Nominals Introduced by a Partitive Article, edited by Tabea Ihsane, focuses on different aspects of the distribution, semantics, and internal structure of nominal constituents with a “partitive article” in its indefinite interpretation and of potentially corresponding bare nouns. It further deals with diachronic issues, such as grammaticalization and evolution in the use of “partitive articles”. The outcome is a snapshot of current research into “partitive articles” and the way they relate to bare nouns, in a cross-linguistic perspective and on new data: the research covers noteworthy data (fieldwork data and corpora) from Standard languages - like French and Italian, but also German - to dialectal and regional varieties, including endangered ones like Francoprovençal. Reference IHSANE, Tabea (Ed.). Disentangling bare nouns and nominals introduced by a partitive article. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020 DOI : 10.1163/9789004437500 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:145202 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Disentangling Bare Nouns and Nominals Introduced by a Partitive Article - 978-90-04-43750-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 10/29/2020 05:18:23PM via Bibliotheque de Geneve, Bibliotheque de Geneve, University of Geneva and Universite de Geneve Syntax & Semantics Series Editor Keir Moulton (University of Toronto, Canada) Editorial Board Judith Aissen (University of California, Santa Cruz) – Peter Culicover (The Ohio State University) – Elisabet Engdahl (University of Gothenburg) – Janet Fodor (City University of New York) – Erhard Hinrichs (University of Tubingen) – Paul M. -
GIVE As a PUT Verb in German – a Case of German-Czech Language Contact?
Journal of Linguistic Geography (2020), 8,67–81 doi:10.1017/jlg.2020.6 Article GIVE as a PUT verb in German – A case of German-Czech language contact? Alexandra N. Lenz1,2, Fabian Fleißner2, Agnes Kim3 and Stefan Michael Newerkla3 1Department of German Studies, University of Vienna, 2Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage (ACDH-CH), Austrian Academy of Sciences and 3Department of Slavonic Studies, University of Vienna Abstract This contribution focuses on the use of geben ‘give’ as a PUT verb in Upper German dialects in Austria from a historical and a recent per- spective. On the basis of comprehensive historical and contemporary data from German varieties and Slavic languages our analyses provide evidence for the central hypothesis that this phenomenon traces back to language contact with Czech as already suggested by various scholars in the 19th century. This assumption is also supported by the fact that Czech dát ‘give’ in PUT function has been accounted for since the Old Czech period as well as by its high frequency in both formal and informal Czech written texts. Moreover, our data analyses show that geben ‘give’ as a PUT verb has been and is still areally distributed along and spreading from the contact area of Czech and Upper German varieties. Keywords: caused motion construction; PUT verbs; German; Slavic languages; language contact; language variation (Received 23 April 2019; revised 18 February 2020; accepted 20 February 2020; First published online 22 January 2021) 1. Introduction area (cf. Ammon, Bickel & Lenz, 2016:265). This language area covers South East Germany (mainly the federal state of Bavaria), It is well known that basic GIVE1 verbs are a fruitful source for vari- ous grammaticalization and lexicalization pathways in the lan- large parts of Austria, and South Tyrol in Northern Italy (cf. -
Book Reviews
Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance Volume 8 Article 9 November 2011 Book Reviews Sonja Fielitz Philipps-Universität Marburg; Faculty of Foreign Languages, Department of English and American Studies, Marburg, Germany Ralf Hertel Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Aleksandra Budrewicz-Beratan Institute of Modern Languages at the Pedagogical University of Kraków, Poland Follow this and additional works at: https://digijournals.uni.lodz.pl/multishake Part of the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Fielitz, Sonja; Hertel, Ralf; and Budrewicz-Beratan, Aleksandra (2011) "Book Reviews," Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance: Vol. 8 , Article 9. DOI: 10.2478/v10224-011-0009-2 Available at: https://digijournals.uni.lodz.pl/multishake/vol8/iss23/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Humanities Journals at University of Lodz Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance by an authorized editor of University of Lodz Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance , vol. 8 (23), 2011 DOI: 10.2478/v10224-011-0009-2 Book Reviews Wolfgang Weiss, Shakespeare in Bayern und auf Bairisch (Shakespeare in Bavaria and in Bavarian Regional Dialects ), Passau: Verlag Karl Stutz, 2008, 1st ed. Pp. 201. ISBN: 978-3-88849-090-3. Reviewed by Sonja Fielitz a Among the many books on the reception of Shakespeare in Germany this monograph deserves particular attention because it is the first full-length study of translations and adaptations of Shakespeare's plays in an indigenous language with its various dialects in a cultural region. -
Polarity-Reversing Affirmative Particles
Polarity-reversing Affirmative Particles A Feature of Standard Average European (SAE) Elena Vera Moser Department of Linguistics Independent Project for the Degree of Master 30 HEC Typology and Linguistic Diversity Spring 2019 Examiner: Mats Wirén Supervisor: Ljuba Veselinova Expert reviewer: Henrik Liljegren Polarity-reversing Affirmative Particles A Feature of Standard Average European (SAE) Abstract Polarity-reversing affirmative particles are a phenomenon that has largely been overlooked in previous research. A polarity-reversing affirmative particle is used to express disagree- ment with the polarity of a preceding negative statement. It is a typical answer strategy in Swedish, German, Dutch as well as in French. In fact, findings from previous cross-linguistic studies suggest, though without further detail, that polarity-reversing affirmative particles are a phenomenon predominantly found in European and more specifically in Germanic languages (Da Milano 2004; Roelofsen & Farkas 2015; Moser 2018). The aim of this study is to examine the hypotheses presented in Moser (2018). The goals are to investigate the distribution of polarity- reversing affirmative particles in Europe on the one hand, and to examine the phenomenon in Swedish, German, Dutch and French from a diachronic perspective on the other hand. On the basis of these endeavors, this study is embedded in the framework of areal typology. This study brings forth highly interesting findings in view of the discussion of Standard Average European and the Charlemagne Sprachbund. Keywords: polarity-reversing affirmative particle, linguistic area, European languages Polaritetsomvändande Affirmativa Partiklar Ett Kännetecken av Standard Average European (SAE) Sammanfattning Polarity-reversing affirmative particles (sv. polaritetsomvändande affirmativa partiklar) är ett fenomen som har örbisetts i tidigare forskning. -
Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German
1 ALEMANA GERMAN, ALEMÁN, ALLEMAND Language family: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German. Language codes: ISO 639-1 de ISO 639-2 ger (ISO 639-2/B) deu (ISO 639-2/T) ISO 639-3 Variously: deu – Standard German gmh – Middle High german goh – Old High German gct – Aleman Coloniero bar – Austro-Bavarian cim – Cimbrian geh – Hutterite German kksh – Kölsch nds – Low German sli – Lower Silesian ltz – Luxembourgish vmf – Main-Franconian mhn – Mócheno pfl – Palatinate German pdc – Pennsylvania German pdt – Plautdietsch swg – Swabian German gsw – Swiss German uln – Unserdeutssch sxu – Upper Saxon wae – Walser German wep – Westphalian Glotolog: high1287. Linguasphere: [show] 2 Beste izen batzuk (autoglotonimoa: Deutsch). deutsch alt german, standard [GER]. german, standard [GER] hizk. Alemania; baita AEB, Arabiar Emirerri Batuak, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgika, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brasil, Danimarka, Ekuador, Errumania, Errusia (Europa), Eslovakia, Eslovenia, Estonia, Filipinak, Finlandia, Frantzia, Hegoafrika, Hungaria, Italia, Kanada, Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan, Liechtenstein, Luxenburgo, Moldavia, Namibia, Paraguai, Polonia, Puerto Rico, Suitza, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Txekiar Errepublika, Txile, Ukraina eta Uruguain ere. Dialektoa: erzgebirgisch. Hizkuntza eskualde erlazionatuenak dira Bavarian, Schwäbisch, Allemannisch, Mainfränkisch, Hessisch, Palatinian, Rheinfränkisch, Westfälisch, Saxonian, Thuringian, Brandenburgisch eta Low saxon. Aldaera asko ez dira ulerkorrak beren artean. -
The Language Youth a Sociolinguistic and Ethnographic Study of Contemporary Norwegian Nynorsk Language Activism (2015-16, 2018)
The Language Youth A sociolinguistic and ethnographic study of contemporary Norwegian Nynorsk language activism (2015-16, 2018) A research dissertation submitteed in fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science by Research in Scandinavian Studies Track II 2018 James K. Puchowski, MA (Hons.) B0518842 Oilthigh Varsity o University of Dhùn Èideann Edinburgh Edinburgh Sgoil nan Schuil o School of Litreachasan, Leeteraturs, Literatures, Cànanan agus Leids an Languages and Culturan Culturs Cultures 1 This page intentionally left blank This page intentionally left blank 2 Declaration Declaration I confirm that this dissertation presented for the degree of Master of Science by Research in Scandinavian Studies (II) has been composed entirely by myself. Except where it is stated otherwise by reference or acknowledgement, it has been solely the result of my own fieldwork and research, and it has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. For the purposes of examination, the set word-limit for this dissertation is 30 000. I confirm that the content given in Chapters 1 to 7 does not exceed this restriction. Appendices – which remain outwith the word-limit – are provided alongside the bibliography. As this work is my own, I accept full responsibility for errors or factual inaccuracies. James Konrad Puchowski 3 Abstract Abstract Nynorsk is one of two codified orthographies of the Norwegian language (along with Bokmål) used by around 15% of the Norwegian population. Originating out of a linguistic project by Ivar Aasen following Norway’s separation from Denmark and ratification of a Norwegian Constitution in 1814, the history of Nynorsk in civil society has been marked by its association with "language activist" organisations which have to-date been examined from historiographical perspectives (Bucken-Knapp 2003, Puzey 2011). -
An Groasn Ont Hèrzlegen Gèltsgott Va De Gònze Gamoa'schòft!!!
Edizione N.1/2018 Poste Italiane spa spedizione in abbonamento postale 31968023-001 PALAI VLAROTZ GARAIT - OACHLAIT Lt: Moltrer Stefano GAMOA’ PALAI EN BERSNTOL GAMOA’ VLAROTZ Zaitung AMOA G ’ GARAIT VRAIBELLEGA POMPIARN... ...an groasn ont hèrzlegen gèltsgott va de gònze gamoa’schòft!!! Lt: Moltrer Stefano INNHÒLT Lt: Moltrer Stefano PALAI 06 AN GRUAS VAN PIRGERMOASTER 08 DE ÒRBETN 10 GAMOA’ROTAUSROTN 11 DER KONSILIARGRUPP VA MINDERKET 12 DE JAGERER 13 DE VRAIBELLEGA POMPIARN p. 06 14 DE ALPINIGRUPPE 15 DER GRUPP VA PALAI 16 PALAEARMUSIKANT 17 DE PRO LOCO VLAROTZ 18 AN GRUAS VAN PIRGERMOASTER 20 DE ÒRBETN 22 GAMOA’ROTAUSROTN 23 DE HIRTN ONT DE PLÈTZET GOAS 23 DE VRAIBELLEGA POMPIARN 24 DE ALPINIGRUPPE p. 18 25 DER GRUPP VAN JUNGEN 25 DE JAGERER 26 DER CORO CANTIAMO CON GIOIA 27 DE PRO LOCO GARAIT - OACHLAIT 28 AN GRUAS VAN PIRGERMOASTER 30 DE ÒRBETN 32 GAMOA’ROTAUSROTN 33 DE VRAIBELLEGA POMPIARN 34 DE PRO LOCO 35 AVARK p. 26 36 DE ALPINIGRUPPE 37 DE JAGERER START UP BERSNTOL Lt: Moltrer Stefano Lt: Moltrer Gem an nain u’vòng en Bersntol pet an nain projekt ont u’vòngen pet de gamoa’schòft. Ver dòs de pirgermoastern Rilanciare la Valle dei Mòcheni con un nuovo per- sai’ oa’ne ont tea’ vourtschbinnen en an nain projekt corso partendo dalla comunità. In questo senso ver za verpessern ont ver za leing en netz s lònt ont sèll i sindaci della Valle si sono dichiarati favorevoli, as enteresiart en de gamoa’schòft. Nou a vòrt hòt men proponendo un progetto innovativo per dare un vourtschbunnen za ziachen auser sèll as s tol mechet tea’ incentivo e mettere in rete il territorio e i vari inte- benn men bettet as de sai’na ausòndern dinger: de praich, ressi della comunità. -
Comparative Constructions Across the German Minorities of Italy: a Semasiological Approach
Linguistic Typology at the Crossroads 1-1 (2021): 288-332 Comparative constructions across the German minorities of Italy: a semasiological approach LIVIO GAETA1 1DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITY OF TURIN Submitted: 25/11/2020 Revised version: 16/06/2021 Accepted: 22/06/2021 Published: 31/08/2021 Abstract Comparative constructions of inequality display a recurrent pattern throughout all Germanic languages, which is partially inherited from the Indo-European mother tongue. This common semasiological format consists in a copulative construction in which the adjective expressing the quality carries a comparative suffix and is accompanied by a particle introducing the standard. For the latter, a morpheme coming from various onomasiological domains is generally recruited. After a general overview of the construction within the Germanic family, the paper will focus on its consistency in the German linguistic islands of Northern Italy, where a remarkable variety is found, which is only partially due to the long-standing contact with Romance languages. Besides an overview of the Bavarian islands of the North-East, particular attention is devoted to the Walser German islands of the North-West, where a number of peculiar patterns are found, which partially reflect structural possibilities attested in earlier stages of the German-speaking territory, but also display unique developments such as for instance the comparative particle ŝchu ‘so’ found in Rimella. Keywords: comparative construction; semasiology; onomasiology; language minority; linguistic island; language contact. 1. Introduction Comparative Constructions of Inequality (= CCI) display a recurrent pattern throughout all Germanic languages, which is partially inherited from the Indo- European mother tongue and corresponds to the other cognates of the family. -
Language Variation and (De-)Standardisation Processes in Germany
Language variation and (de-)standardisation processes in Germany Philipp Stoeckle and Christoph Hare Svenstrup University of Freiburg, Germany THE HISTORICAL STANDARDISATION PROCESS The German language area is characterised by a range of different dialects. The fundamental division into the Low, Middle, and Upper German area (see Figure 1) is based on a phono- logical process called the Second Consonant Shift (Grimm's Law) (Barbour and Stevenson 1998: 85ff.). This classification will also serve as the starting point for this chapter. For the development of a German standard language as a variety accepted nation-wide, two processes were particularly important, which, according to Mihm (2000), can be called processes of Überschichtung (superimposition of acrolectal strata) (Auer 2005: 28). The first process of Überschichtung falls into the period of Early New High German (approx. 1350–1650) with its new socio-cultural conditions (urban development, foundation of universities, reformation, etc.) – the period where a German written standard is considered to have been founded (Wolff 2004: 103ff.; Ernst 2005: 138ff.). Martin Luther's translation of the Bible into German (between 1522 and 1545) had a great influence on this process. Lu- ther's geographical and linguistic origin in the eastern middle German region close to the Low German area is generally regarded as a favourable condition (Besch 2000: 1717) for him to include both High and Low German features in the translation. Another important factor, both in the process of Überschichtung and for the distribution of Luther's translation, was Gutenberg's invention of the printing press. Between 1522 and 1546 one in five German households owned an edition of Luther's translation (Ernst 2005: 166).