LI YU-YING (LI SHIZENG) 1 LI YU-YING (LI SHIZENG) - HISTORY OF HIS WORK WITH SOYFOODS AND SOYBEANS IN FRANCE, AND HIS POLITICAL CAREER IN CHINA AND TAIWAN (1881-1973): EXTENSIVELY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCEBOOK Compiled by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center LI YU-YING (LI SHIZENG) 2 Copyright (c) 2011 by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems - except for use in reviews, without written permission from the publisher. Published by: Soyinfo Center P.O. Box 234 Lafayette, CA 94549-0234 USA Phone: 925-283-2991 Fax: 925-283-9091 www.soyinfocenter.com [email protected] ISBN 978-1-928914-35-8 (Li Yu-Ying) Printed 8 June 2011 Price: Available on the Web free of charge Search engine keywords: Biography of Li Yu-ying Biography of Li Shizeng Biography of Li Shi-tseng Chronology of Li Yu-ying Chronology of Li Shizeng Timeline of Li Yu-ying Timeline of Li Shizeng Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center LI YU-YING (LI SHIZENG) 3 Contents Page Dedication and Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction and Brief Chronology, by William Shurtleff ....................................................................................... 5 About This Book ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Abbreviations Used in This Book ............................................................................................................................... 11 How to Make the Best Use of This Digital Book - Search It! ................................................................................. 12 History of Li Yu-Ying (Li Shizeng): 203 References in Chronological Order ..................................................... 17 Contains 42 photographs and illustrations Subject/Geographical Index by Record Numbers ................................................................................................. 136 Last Page of Index .................................................................................................................................................... 161 Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center LI YU-YING (LI SHIZENG) 4 DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Japanese translation and maps: Akiko Aoyagi Shurtleff. This book is dedicated to Li Yu-ying - a soy pioneer in Loma Linda University, Del E. Webb Memorial Library France, Europe, and the Western World. (Seventh-day Adventist): Janice Little, Trish Chapman. We would also like to thank our co-workers and friends at Soyinfo Center who, since 1984, have played a major role in collecting the documents, building the library, and Part of the enjoyment of writing a book lies in meeting producing the SoyaScan database from which this book is people from around the world who share a common interest, printed: and in learning from them what is often the knowledge or skills acquired during a lifetime of devoted research or Irene Yen, Tony Jenkins, Sarah Chang, Laurie Wilmore, practice. We wish to give deepest thanks... Alice Whealey, Simon Beaven, Elinor McCoy, Patricia McKelvey, Claire Wickens, Ron Perry, Walter Lin, Dana Scott, Jeremy Longinotti, John Edelen, Alex Lerman, Lydia Of the many libraries and librarians who have been of great Lam, Gretchen Muller, Joyce Mao, Luna Oxenberg, Joelle help to our research over the years, several stand out: Bouchard, Justine Lam, Joey Shurtleff, Justin Hildebrandt, Michelle Chun, Olga Kochan, Loren Clive, Marina Li, University of California at Berkeley: John Creaser, Lois Rowyn McDonald, Casey Brodsky, Hannah Woodman, Farrell, Norma Kobzina, Ingrid Radkey. Elizabeth Hawkins, Molly Howland, Jacqueline Tao. Northern Regional Library Facility (NRLF), Richmond, Special thanks to Tom and Linda Wolfe of Berwyn Park, California: Martha Lucero, Jutta Wiemhoff, Scott Miller, Maryland. Virginia Moon, Kay Loughman. For outstanding help on this book about Li Yu-ying we Stanford University: Molly Molloy, who has been of special thank: Bruce Williams (University of California, East Asian help on Slavic-language documents. Library), Martin Heijdra (Princeton University, East Asian Library), Martine Liguori, Bernard Storup (France), Hervé National Agricultural Library: Susan Chapman, Carol Berbille (France), and Helen So (Lafayette, California). Ditzler, John Forbes, Winnifred Gelenter, Henry Gilbert, Kim Hicks, Patricia Krug, Veronica Lefebvre, Julie Mangin, Finally our deepest thanks to Tony Cooper of San Ramon, Ellen Mann, Josephine McDowell, Wayne Olson, Mike California, who has kept our computers up and running Thompson, Tanner Wray. since Sept. 1983. Without Tony, this series of books on the Web would not have been possible. Library of Congress: Ronald Jackson, Ronald Roache. This book, no doubt and alas, has its share of errors. These, Lane Medical Library at Stanford University. of course, are solely the responsibility of William Shurtleff. Contra Costa County Central Library and Lafayette Library: This bibliography and sourcebook was written with the Carole Barksdale, Kristen Wick, Barbara Furgason, Sherry hope that someone will write a detailed and well- Cartmill, Linda Barbero. documented history of this subject. Harvard University’s Five Botanical Libraries (especially Arnold Arboretum Library): Jill Gelmers Thomas. French translation: Martine Liguori of Lafayette, California, for ongoing, generous, and outstanding help since the early 1980s. Copyright © 2011 by Soyinfo Center LI YU-YING (LI SHIZENG) 5 INTRODUCTION Chronology of Li Yu-ying (Courtesy name: Li Shizeng) 1897 – Li’s father dies in China. The Qing government awards Li and his elder brother the high rank of lung-chang. Li is generally known to the world as Li Shizeng (his “courtesy name”), whereas he used his original name, Li 1897 – Li (age 17) marries Yao Tongyi (Yao T’ung-yi, who Yu-ying, on all of his soy-related documents (books, was Li’s older cousin). They have two children. Li Zongwei articles, patents, etc.). (Li Tsung-wei), a son, was born in 1899 in China and died in 1976. Li Yamei (Li Ya-mei; called “Micheline”), a daughter, Li Yu-ying (pinyin: Li Yuying) was one of the most was born in 1910 in Paris, France. Li’s son married Ji remarkable and creative figures in the early history of Xiengzhan and his daughter married Zhu Guangyi. From soyfoods in France and in Europe. In 1912 he wrote one of this marriage, Li had two grandsons (Li Dayang and Li the most important books to date about soybeans and Eryang) and one granddaughter (Li Ailian) (Boorman & soyfoods in Europe. He was the first person from East Asia Howard 1967, p. 321; Yang 1980). to think about soyfoods like a Westerner, to grasp the great potential for soyfoods in the West, to start a soy dairy in 1899 ca. – Li’s coming-of-age capping ceremony. His Europe, to design modern equipment for making soymilk parents give him the “courtesy name” Li Shizeng, which is and tofu, to develop, make and market a full line of original used mostly in his political and public life, and is the name Western-style soyfoods in Europe, to popularize by which he is known to the world. commercial tofu and soymilk, and to play a key international role in the transmission of soyfoods from East 1901 – Li meets Zhang Renjie (Chang Jen-chieh), with to West. whom he establishes a life-long friendship. The two young . men have many common interests, the strongest of which is Li’s work with soy (especially tofu and soymilk) and his the desire to travel abroad. work with politics always went together and were deeply connected. 1902 – When Sun Baoqi (Sun Pao-ch’i) is appointed minister to France, they join his staff as attachés. Over 20 He later became an important person in Chinese history – government and private students travel in the group. In June, one of the “four elder statesmen of the Kuomintang.” on his way to France, Li stops for a while in Shanghai, where he meets Wu Zhihui (Wu Chih-hui) and Cai Yuanpei (Ts’ai Yuan-p’ei), who were also later to become his lifelong 1881 May 29 – Li Yü-ying is born into a prominent family friends. in Beijing, China, although his native place was Kaoyang, Chihli (Hebei). His father, Li Hongzao (Li Hung-tsao), was 1903 – Li arrives with the group in Paris. He is age 22. This a dignitary at the Imperial Court of the Qing / Manchu group soon becomes widely known among Chinese, and dynasty. He held high offices in the Qing government such later among Chinese historians, as “The Paris group.” as Grand Councillor and tutor to Tsai-ch’ien, the T’ung-chi emperor. Li’s mother, who was his father’s second wife, 1903-06 – Li abandons his intention of becoming a was Mrs. Yang Shao-Ji. Mandarin in order to undertake studies in agronomy at the Li is the youngest of five brothers (two of whom died Chesnoy School of Practical Agriculture (Ecole pratique at an early age). He had either 3 or 4 sisters, three of whom d’agriculture de Chesnoy) at Montargis, about 60 miles died at an early age. southwest of Paris. Li later wrote (in Le Soya in 1911) that his father had been “nourished from the first year with soymilk. He is 1905 – Li presents his first paper on soy (in French) at the now 37 years old and has always been in excellent health.” Second International