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FLORESTA LAURISSILVA.Pdf A Floresta Laurissilva da Madeira Património Mundial The Laurisilva of Madeira World Heritage Copyright © 2005 Rui Cunha Fotografia e Audiovisuais Lda. Serviço do Parque Natural da Madeira Todos os direitos reservados para esta edição por / All rights reserved for this publication by the: Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais - Serviço do Parque Natural da Madeira Produção e Coordenação / Production and Coordination: RCL – imagem e comunicação Textos / Texts: Dília Maria Gois Gouveia Menezes Isabel Catarina de Luís e Freitas Luisa Maria Gouveia Maria da Graça Henriques Mateus Miguel Maria Castelo Santos de Almeida Domingues Paulo Jorge dos Santos Gomes Oliveira Susana Maria Gouveia e Sá Ventura Fontinha Fotografias / Photographs: todas as fotos são da autoria de / all photos by: Rui Cunha excepto onde indicado pelas iniciais / except where indicated by the initials: António Pestana - AP Carlos Cabral - CC Carlos Filipe Viveiros - CFV Marco Freitas - MF Nélio Freitas - NF Nélio Jardim - NJ Sérgio Teixeira - ST Coordenação da Edição / Coordination of this publication : Luisa Maria Gouveia Versão Inglesa / English Version: Chloé Parrot Concepção Gráfica / Graphic Design: RCL - Imagem e Comunicação / Dulce Soares Lima Pré-Impressão, Impressão e Acabamento / Pre-printing, Printing and Binding: Heska Portuguesa, SA. Depósito legal / Legal Deposit nº 219703/04 ISBN 972-98431-3-9 A 1ª edição teve o patrocínio da Empresa Construtora Abrantina, S.A. 2ª Edição: 3.500 exemplares, Outubro 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AGRADECIMENTOS With this publication of a Book on the Ao publicar um Livro sobre a Floresta Laurisilva of Madeira – World Heritage, we Laurissilva da Madeira – Património da would like extend our thanks to all those Humanidade, queremos testemunhar o who, in one way or another, contributed to nosso agradecimento a todos aqueles que, this effort and deserve our sincerest de alguma forma, contribuíram para esta thanks, in particular: publicação e merecem o nosso mais sin- cero obrigado, nomeadamente: To current and former employees of the Madeira Nature Park services,Technicians, Aos actuais e antigos funcionários do Administrative staff, Nature Wardens and serviço do Parque Natural da Madeira, other entities, who have worked so Técnicos, Administrativos,Vigilantes da hard for a better understanding and Natureza e demais entidades, que se têm organisation of this forest; empenhado para o melhor conhecimento e para a gestão desta floresta; To Engineer Miguel Branco, for his unconditional support that helped make Ao Senhor Engenheiro Miguel Branco, por this publication a reality; todo o apoio incondicional de modo a que esta publicação se tenha tornado uma To Engineer Miguel Franquinho for his realidade; close collaboration in the identification of some coleoptera; Ao Senhor Engenheiro Miguel Franquinho pela colaboração na identificação de To all those who have directly or indirectly alguns Coleópteros; contributed with their knowledge and collaboration to the safeguarding and A todos aqueles que, directa ou indirecta- protection of this World Heritage. mente, têm contribuído com o seu conhe- cimento e colaboração na salvaguarda e protecção deste Património da Humanidade. Índice Index Mensagem do Secretário Regional do Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Message from the Regional Secretary for the Environment and Natural Resources 15 Nota de Abertura Foreword 21 Introdução 25 Introduction Localização 29 Location Caracterização Geral General Characteristics 33 Biodiversidade 41 Biodiversity Espécies Não-nativas Non-Native Species 69 Recursos Hídricos 75 Water Resources Investigação, Conservação e Protecção Research, Conservation and Protection 85 Sensibilização e Divulgação 95 Awareness and Promotion Gestão e Sustentabilidade 99 Management and Sustainability MF Mensagem do Secretário Regional do Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Message from the Regional Secretary for the Environment and Natural Resources 15 Os tempos vividos pelos Madeirenses são The Madeirans are living in a time of de transformações estruturais e históricas. historical and structural change. It is a Construir as estruturas básicas do desen- constant challenge to build the basic volvimento económico e social e, ao structures of economic and social mesmo tempo, preservar os Recursos development and, at the same time, to Naturais, garantindo a qualidade de vida preserve Natural Resources, guaranteeing das populações, não obstante os condi- the population's quality of life, despite cionalismos derivados da ultra-perifici- factors derived from Madeira's position as dade, da exiguidade do território, da oro- an outermost region of the European grafia difícil, da elevada pressão demográ- Union, from the confined area of the fica e da vulnerabilidade dos sistemas na- island, from its mountainous relief, from turais, é um desafio constante. demographic pressure and from the A Floresta Laurissilva, as Ilhas Selvagens, os vulnerability of natural systems. Sítios da Rede Natura 2000, as espécies The Laurisilva Forest, the Ilhas Selvagens, raras da fauna e da flora como a Freira da the Natura Network 2000 Sites, the rare Madeira, o Lobo Marinho e o Mocano, species of fauna and flora, such as the preservadas por um excepcional trabalho Madeira Petrel, the Monk Seal and the de conservação, são exemplos do riquíssi- Mocano Tree, preserved by exceptional mo Património Natural da Região, interna- conservation work, are examples of the cionalmente reconhecido, e que constitui very rich Natural Heritage of the region, um factor de afirmação da Madeira no internationally recognised and important Mundo. Efectivamente, na Aldeia Global, a for Madeira to affirm its identity in the diferenciação e competitividade das world. Indeed, in the Global Village, much Regiões passará, em muito, pelo of the differentiation and competitiveness Património Natural e Ambiental. of Regions will depend on their Natural É neste cenário potenciado da and Environmental Heritage. Conservação e Valorização do Nosso This promotion of the Conservation and Valiosíssimo Património Natural, que surge Enhancement of our priceless Natural a presente Publicação, alusiva à Floresta Heritage is the context for this Publication Laurissilva, Património da Humanidade. about the Laurisilva Forest, a World Além de levar o seu conhecimento ao Heritage nature site. maior público possível, surge aqui também Besides informing as wide a public as uma merecida homenagem a Todos quan- possible, this publication is also a tos, e são muitos, que na Madeira têm con- well-deserved tribute to all those, and tribuído para a sua defesa e valorização. there are many of them, who have helped Em primeiro lugar, aos que nela trabalham defend and enrich the Heritage of Madeira. 16 Firstly, to those who work directly with the directamente e aos quais muito se Laurisilva, for whose support we are most agradece o seu sacerdócio ambiental, ver- grateful, since it shows true dedication, dadeiro e sem a gritaria de quem se quer without the clamour of those who want to servir do ambiente em vez de O servir. make use of the environment rather than Mas, a grande homenagem é ao Povo making themselves of use to it. Madeirense, por ser ele o detentor desse However, our main tribute is to the People Património e por ter sabido, ao longo dos of Madeira, since this heritage is theirs and tempos, conviver com ele, sem o delapidar, they have known, over the years, how to antes,VALORIZANDO-O. É mais um serviço live in harmony with it, without misusing do Povo Madeirense à Humanidade que it, but instead ENRICHING IT.This is yet usufrui deste Património inigualável, que another service provided by the People of comemora em Dezembro de 2004 o 5º Madeira to those who use and enjoy this aniversário como Património da incomparable Heritage, which celebrates Humanidade. the 5 th anniversary of its classification as World Heritage in December 2004. Manuel António Correia O Secretário Regional do Ambiente e dos Manuel António Rodrigues Correia Recursos Naturais Regional Secretary for the Environment and Natural Resources, 17 Nota de Abertura Foreword For an archipelago, the sea is its natural Se num arquipélago o mar é a envolvente setting and for an island called Madeira obrigatória, numa ilha designada de (Wood), the forest is also an innate and Madeira a floresta é uma presença inata e magnificent presence, essential to its grandiosa, imprescindível ao Homem e ao Inhabitants and their future. seu devir. The Laurisilva of Madeira is a living relic, A floresta Laurissilva da Madeira é reliquial, wild, diverse and at the same time selvagem, diversificada e concomitante- protecting, welcoming and the creator mente protectora, acolhedora e criadora of unique natural resources, that project it de recursos naturais únicos, que a projec- as a World Heritage. tam como Património da Humanidade. The Laurisilva produces water, gives out A Laurissilva é produtora de água, liberta- oxygen, regulates nutrients, makes humus, dora de oxigénio, reguladora de nutrientes, safeguards soils and is a source of energy fazedora de húmus, guardiã dos solos, in which nothing is wasted, a true fonte de energia onde nada se perde, um laboratory of life. verdadeiro laboratório de vida. It maintains a harmonious anarchy from Nela persiste uma harmoniosa anarquia de the colours of its rocks, waterfalls and cores das rochas, das cascatas e dos streams, from the varied tones of green of regatos, do mesclado dos verdes das copas the tree tops, interspersed with brightly das árvores,
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