1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9093 services -and facilities of the county during the prese!lt that, with tender pity and compassion, Thou wouldst look emergency; to the Committee on Military Affairs. down upon the nations of the earth in this hottr of their 8919. Also, petition of the Italian Progressive Club, of troubled confusion and great uncertainty. Instead of fear, Asbury Park, N. J., condemning Premier Mussolini _and the give us faith; instead of despair, give us hope to meet vic­ Italian Government for becoming involved in the European toriously the problems of our world crisis. War; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Teach us to know that war, social injustice, and the suffer­ 8920. By Mr. THOMASON: Petition of the Wink (Tex.) ing of the innocent are unholy conditions which prevail today, Lions Club and other residents of Wink, urging that in not according to Thine own blessed will and purpose but that view of the challenge that is being hurled at American war and turmoil are the results of our racial hatreds, our democracy Congress remain in session throughout the crisis; unspeakable selfishness, and our cruel intolerance. to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. As cola borers with God and as brethren one of another, 8921. By Mr. WHEAT: Resolution of the Harry G. Maxted may we work together to right wrong, and to establish in­ Post, No. 154, the American Legion, Department of Illinois, ternational brotherhood. May we recognize our responsi­ located at Western Springs, TIL, urging action to expedite bility to keep peace at home and to assist in restoring the initial orders for tool-made material accepted by the War peace of the world. ' Department, etc.; to the Committee on Military Affairs. That we may find inspiration and strength for our task, 8922. By the SPEAKER: Petition of R. B. Mortensen and grant unto us a vision of Jesus, the Prince of Peace, that in others, of Chicago, TIL, urging consideration of their reso­ His light we may see light, and in His wisdom may not ·lution with reference to the national-defense program; to stumble; so shall we ourselves enter and bring many others the Committee on Military Affairs. into the experience of that abundant life of happiness, peace, 8923. Also, petition of Women's Auxiliary, No. 1, to the and prosperity, which it is Thine alone, 0 God, to give, Maritime Federation, San Francisco, Calif., urging con­ through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. sideration of their resolution with reference to foreign THE JOURNAL affairs; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 8924. Also, petition of the Workers Alliance, Oroville, Calif., On request of Mr. HARRISON, and by unanimous consent, urging consideration of their resolution with reference to the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of the calendar foreign affairs; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. day of Saturday, June 22, 1940, was dispensed with, and the 8925. Also, petition of C. E. Camek and others of Chicago, Journal was approved. TIL, urging consideration of their resolution with reference ORDER FOR RECESS TO WEDNESDAY to the national-defense program; to the Committee on Mili­ Mr. HARRISON. I ask unanimous consent that .when the tary Affairs. Senate concludes its business today it take a recess until 8926. Also, petition of the Building Trades 12 o'clock noon on Wednesday next. Council, Minneapolis, Minn., urging consideration of their The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so resolution with reference to the national-defense program; ordered. to the Committee on Military Affairs. ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS SIGNED DURING 8927. Also, petition of the Bergen County Women's Repub­ ADJOURNMENT lican Club, Hackensack, N. J., urging consideration of their Under authority of the order of the Senate pf June 22, resolution with reference to the adjournment of this session 1940, of Congress of the ; to the Committee on the Subsequent to the adjournment of the Senate on the above­ Judiciary. mentioned date, the Vice President signed the following en­ 8928. Also, petition of the Ninth Ward Improvement and rolled bills and joint resolutions, which had been signed pre­ Protective Association, New Orleans, La., urging consideration viously by the Speaker of the House of Representatives: of their resolution with reference to the national-defense pro­ H. R. 159. An act to amend an act entitled "An act relating gram; to the Committee on Military Affairs. to the naturalization of certain women born in Hawaii,'' ap­ 8929. Also, petition of the Ninth Ward Improvement and proved July 2, 1932; Protective Association, New Orleans, La., urging consideration H. R. 382. An act fa: the relief of Gus Roth; of their resolution with reference to foreign affairs; to the H. R.1167. An act for the relief of the Black Hills Methodist Committee on Foreign Affairs. Hospital of Rapid City, S.Dak.; 8930. Also, petition of the Newport Lions International Club, H. R. 1178. An act for the relief of Lester R. Taylor; Newport, N. H., urging consideration of their resolution with H. R. 1846. An act for the relief of Malachy Ryan; reference to the national-defense program; to the Committee H. R. 2014. An act for the relief of Margaret Redmond; on Military Affairs. H. R. 2070. An act for the relief of Edwin Forsman; 8931. Also, petition of the Ribault Woman's Club of the H. R. 2083. An act for the.relief of Dan Yancey; Beaches, urging consideration of their resolution with refer­ H. R. 2106. An act for the relief of Charles Flack; ence to the national-defense program; to the Committee on H. R. 2151. An act for the relief of James P. Bruce, Jr.: Military Affairs. H. R. 2489. An act for the relief of Angie Ward; 8932. Also, petition of the Oil Workers' International Union, H. R. 2513. An act for the relief of C. B. Reagh; Quincy Local, No. 366, East Braintree, Mass., urging con­ H. R. 2628. An act for the relief of John Engblom; sideration of their resolution with reference to the United H. R. 2946. An act for the relief of Naoma Kinder, a minor; States Housing Authority; to the Committee on Banking and H. R. 3142. An act for the relief of Leland G. Myers; Currency. H. R. 3163. An act for the relief of Rose Bilatis; H. R. 3402. An act to authorize the appropriation for pay­ SENATE ment of the cost of providing additional water for the Wapato Indian irrigation project, Washington; MONDAY, JULY 1, 1940 H. R. 3713. An act for the relief of Joe Carter; · In accordance with the provisions of House Concurrent H. R. 3925. An act for the relief of Evelyn L. Ratcliffe; Resolution 83, adopted June 22, 1940, the Senate met at 12 H. R. 4113. An act for the relief of Maude Sullivan; o'clock meridian. H. R. 4142. An act for the relief of Mary Reid Hudson; Rev. Elnathan Tartt, Jr., rector of Grace Church, Canton, H. R. 4148. An act for the relief of MaryS. Arthur, as execu­ Miss., offered the following prayer: trix of the estate of Richard M. Arthur, deceased; 0 Eternal God and Heavenly Father, Thou who hast made H. R. 4185. An act to repatriate native-born women resi­ all nations of mankind to· dwell on the face of the whole earth dents of the United States who have heretofore lost their and who dost will for all Thy children that peace of God citizenship by marriage to an alien; which passeth all understanding: We humbly beseech Thee H. R. 4412. An act for the relief of Beatrice Lois Rucker; 9094 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 1 H. R. 4587. An act to give the Supreme Court of the United road, Territory of Alaska, who are citizens of the United States authority to prescribe rules of pleading, practice, and States," approved June 29, 1936; procedure with respect to proceedings in criminal cases prior H. R. 8099. An act for the relief of James L. Kinney; to and including verdict, or finding or plea of guilty; H. R. 8172. An act to amend section 5 of the act of Congress H. R. 5138. An act to prohibit certain subversive activities; · approved June 26, 1906, relative to the Alaska salmon fishery; to amend certain provisions of law with respect to the admis­ H. R. 8202. An act making appropriations for the Depart­ sion and deportation of aliens; to require the fingerprinting ment of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, and registration of aliens; and for other purposes; and for other purposes; H. R. 5156. An act for the relief of Adolph Ernest Helms; H. R. 8252. An act for the relief of John Owen; H. R. 5297. An act for the relief of Stanley V. Smith; H. R. 8285. An act to limit the importation of products H. R. 5388. An act for the relief of Thomas Lewellyn and made, produced, processed, or mined tinder process covered Drusilla Lewellyn; by unexpired valid United States patents, and for other pur­ H. R. 5424. An act for the relief of Mrs. E. J. McCardle; poses; H. R. 5569. An act for the relief of Stuart Bastow; H. R. 8316. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Interior H. R. 5592. An act for the relief of Vernon Atkison; to sell certain land to the Conconully Cemetery Association; H. R. 5823. An act for the relief of Morrissey Construction H. R. 8350. An act permitting official mail of the Pan Amer­ Co.; ican Sanitary Bureau to be transmitted in penalty envelopes; H. R. 6145. An act for the relief of Elizabeth L. Riley; H. R. 8399. An act to prohibit the receipt, possession, or H. R. 6207. An act to amend section 2810 (a), Internal Rev­ disposition of money or property feloniously taken from a enue Code, to exclude petroleum stills from the requirement bank organized or operating under the laws of the United of registration; States or any member of the Federal Reserve System; H. R. 6328. An act to amend the Tariff Act of 1930, as H. R. 8450. An act to extend for 2 additional years the re­ amended by section 24 (c) of the Customs Administrative Act duced rates of interest on Federal land bank and Land Bank of 1938

When General Weygand pleaded for capitulation, he_replied:_ "Y~u REPORTED BID TO REDS may take the responsibility for it as commander in chief, but It Will To achieve his end of "saving France from herself," M. Laval, as not move the Government any more than the capitulation of reported by M. Gorel, sought every means to return to power, in­ Bazaine prevented Gambetta from going to Tours." (Marshal­ cluding that of making advances to Communists, saying: "It is I Fran~ois Bazaine surrendered Metz to the Germans on October 27, who signed in April 1935, the Franco-Soviet pact and it ~s once 1870, when Leon Gambetta was Premier, and was later court­ more I who will reknit friendly relations between Pans and martialed and imprisoned.) Moscow." To M. Chautemps, who wanted Prime Minister Churchill to M. Gorel predicts M. Laval will meet the new situation by m~king give the Cabinet a release for a separate peace, this brave French­ an anticapitalist policy and will support the French Natwnal man replied: "It is not done. We must honor our undertaking." Socialism that military defeat has placed in the forefront and which Those who whined, "Where shall be go? All France will be occu­ has yet to find a doctrine and methods. pied," were told: "There is a French empire-Algie~s, Moroc~o, Tunisia. France is where the Government IS. There IS a coloma! Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I also aEk unanimous consent army; there is England, who will not yield; there is America, who cannot avoid sooner or later coming .to help France and England. to have incorporated as a part of my remarks an article on England and America will win the war with us or without us. I page L-29 of the J·une 30 issue of the New York Times, headed want it to be with us. If we capitulate, the war will continue just "Labor chief urges Chamberlain to go." the same on and over French territory. You will not gain peace by surrendering, but will have lost your honor." There being no objection, the article was ordered to be In these historic days this man was the soul of France. Georges printed in the RECORD, as follows: Mandel showed himself to be the true spiritual son of Clemenceau­ LABOR CHIEF URGES CHAMBERLAIN To Go--STRABOLGI, LEADER IN the Clemenceau of 1918, who won the war because, when Paris was HOUSE OF LORDS, ASKS HALIFAX AND HOARE ALSO To RESIGN-HITS threatened in 1918 and the whole front seemed to crumble, he APPEASEMENT LINK-THEIR QUITTING OF POSTS WOULD AID CAUSE shouted, "I shall keep on fighting." . FOR WHICH BRITAIN Is FIGHTING, HE ASSERTS M. Mandel followed in his footsteps when he said to the defeat­ ists at a Cabinet meeting, "I am surprised to hear of capitulation (By Raymond Daniell) from Ministers newly appointed to strengthen the war Cabinet." LoNDON, June 29.-Baron Strabolgi, Labor leader in the House_of IMPOSSIBLE AT BORDEAUX Lords, in an open letter tonight called on. Neville Cha~berla_m, The cause which, with a little luck, might have been won at Tours Lord President of the Council; Viscount Halifax, the Foreign Mm­ could no longer be won at Bordeaux, which swarmed with politicians ister· and Sir Samuel Hoare, now Ambassador to Spain, to resign who to quote one of them, "preferred kicks to bullets." M. Mandel thei; offices as a service to the country and "the cause for which might have won had not the pl?t~rs exploite_d his "non-Aryan" we are fighting." oriain in spite of his obvious patrwtism. He might have won if he Lord Strabolgi's letter, addressed to British editors, was prompted had ~en Premier, for he would not have made some of R~ynaud's by an interview given yesterday by Mr. Chamberlain, former Prime honorable mistakes and would not have tolerated any msolent Minister, in which he denied that he favored opening peace nego- intrigues around him. tiations with Germany. · Lord Strabolgi, who as Lt. Comdr. J. M. Kenworthy was a fre­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have incorpo­ quent Labor spokesman in the House of Commons, said that he did not question Mr. Chamberlain's denial; but he declared it would rated in the RECORD as part of my remarks an article in the not have been necessary for the former Prime Minister to make New York Times, headed "Laval seen aiding French Nazis' one if his earlier policy of appeasement had not provided so much rule." basis for suspicion abroad. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HATCH in the chair). Is TEXT OF STRABOLGI LETl'ER there objection? The letter by Lord Strabolgi read: There being no objection, the article was ordered to be "Mr. Neville Chamberlain has found it necessary to give an printed in the RECORD, as follows: interview to the American press denying that he is in favor of asking Germany for peace negotiations. LAVAL SEEN AIDING FRENCH NAZIS' RULE-FORMER PREMIER Is Ex­ "We can accept Mr. Chamberlain's word, especially as we know PECTED TO ADOPT ANTICAPITALIST LINE TO FORM NEW REGIME of his anger at Hitler's double-crossing over the Munich agree­ (By George Axelsson) ment when he invaded Czechoslovakia in March of last year. We also appreciate Lord Hallifax's moral indignation at the Nazi PARIS, June 29.-Wednesday evening Parisians learned for the enormities. first time the armistice conditions imposed by Germany. The news­ "Unfortunately, the past of these two statesmen is so identified paper Paris-Soir published the first six paragraphs, prefacing them with the appeasement policy that, so long as they are in the in­ as follows: ner war Cabinet the German propagandists will find credence "Anxious to inform readers as rapidly as possible, we. hasten to for their fairy about Britain suing for an armistice. communicate the first paragraphs on the agreements covering the t~les "The presence of Sir Samuel Hoare, with his past recor~ . and Franco-German armistice. With the approval of the German cen­ association with Mr. Laval (former Premier and Foreign Mmister sorship, we will in the next edition publish the total agreement." Pierre Laval, of France, who joined with Sir Samuel when the lat­ In the six introductory clauses of the agreement those French­ ter was British Foreign Secretary, in 1935-, in an Ethiopian proposal men who want to see the bright side of things and the possibility to Italy), as British Ambassador in Madrid, also lends color to these of reconstruction point to paragraph 5, which stipulated that Ger­ deliberately circulated rumors. many does not intend to maintain her occupation of the western "The effect is most serious in the two most important neutral coast of France after the end of hostilities against Britain and to countries in the world-the United States of America and Russia. fix its own seat. If France moved the capital back to Paris the Ger­ "If Messrs. Chamberlain, Halifax, and Hoare could see their way mans promise to facilitate communications with all parts of France. to retire for a space from public life it would be the greatest service "What next, France?" is the question confronting Frenchmen they could do to their country, and to the cause for which we are here who worry about the country's political future. Political cir­ fighting, and an act of high patriotism." cles, who now abound with those who say, "I told you so," more or less declare that France was bound downward after 1934. Typical of this opinion is Michel Gorel, former Paris Midi writer, WROTE ON JUNE 10 OF "UNEASINESS" who predicts the formation of a French national socialist govern­ ment minus an Aryan plank. This government would be founded by LONDON June 29.-Lord Strabolgi's letter today recalled the fact Adrian Marquet, who with Pierre Laval leads the new Bordeaux that, on June 10, he wrote in the Times, of London, that Parliament government; Marcel Deat, and the French Social Party under Col. reflected the "uneasiness in the country at the continuance in high Francois de la Rocque. office of men primarily responsible for the present state of affairs." M. -Gore! says he can reveal that M. Laval, during the European "Those of use who are trying to sustain public morale in these voyage of Sumner Welles, United States Under Secretary of State, difficult times would be greatly assisted if this cause of criticism and tried to bring about a· compromise peace. Following is what M. complaint were removed," he added then, in an article that men­ Laval is supposed to have told Edouard Daladier, then Foreign tioned no names. Minister and Premier: Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I have read those articles and "You have uselessly irritated Russia by promising support to Finland but you could not prevent the Finnish defeat. You drove referred to them, because even in France, when France was Italy into Germany's arms. The French Army is demoralized, the threatened with dissolution, there existed the champions of blockage is a myth, and the British Empire will be slow to get under appeasement, and those champions were in the Government way. We must make peace." of France itself. They followed the same policy which mani­ M. Daladier was finally ousted, according to M. Gorel, because of a plot against him by Paul Reynaud and Leon Blum. fested itself in other ways, opening doors of fortresses to the M. Laval is supposed to have promised mediation by his intimate enemy, letting bridges remain intact so that the enemy might friend, Premier Mussolini, with whom he remained in close contact pass over them without a single obstacle. throughout the winter. Together they are supposed to have created the slogan "A white peace to offset the 'red' danger,'' which is said I now come to an astonishing quotation. In Dorothy to have found much resonance 1n capitalist and rightist circles. Thompson's column in the New York Herald Tribune of Although striving for this type of peace, M. Laval is said to have June 29, 1940, I read these words-and they are not about observed interestedly scattered efforts by certain circles looking toward the establishment of French fascism, definitely anticapital­ France, they are not. about Great Britain's appeasers--they ist and much advanced as to social legislation. are a warning to Mr. Wendell Willkie about his own advisers 9102 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 1 who are suspected of leading him to the adoption of a policy respect his patriotism, and believe in their hearts· ·that he of appeasement for the United States of America. puts America above his own election-they the people of Dorothy Thompson, as every Senator knows, has almost America expect Wendell Willkie now to come out and say, in shrieked for Wendell Willkie. She has almost regarded him English that is understandable by the man on the street, as a God's annointed in the political arena. So she is no what he thinks America's foreign policy should be tomorrow, critic, but a friend of the nominee of the Republican Party. and next week, and next month, and next year, and in the Here is what Dorothy Thompson says about Wendell Willkie: days that lie so challengingly ahead of the country and But they will make it hard for you, Wendell Willkie. Congress. We will see in a few days how bold Mr. Willkie is, how Who will? These people who gave Wendell Willkie the patriotic he is, how courageous he is. We will see whether or nomination. These people who are his c<;mfidants. These people who are his business and political associates. So Doro­ not these champions of appeasement have had their way with thy Thompson says to Wendell Willkie: him. Must I read the Scripps-Howard newspapers to see what But they will make it hard for you, Wendell Willkie. The men who want to defeat something or other more than they want to Roy Howard thinks about foreign policy before I know what save America. Wendell Willkie thinks? Must I consult the champions of Wall Street to see whether they favor appeasement in order Defeat whom? Could it be that there is anyone in America to know whether Wendell Wi-Ilkie favors it or not? who would rather defeat Franklin D. Roosevelt than to pre­ I say to Mr. Wendell Willkie-and as it has not been so long pare America? I am reading what Dorothy Thompson said, since he was a Democrat, perhaps he would not resent a little Mr. President, not what I have said: counsel from a Democrat-! say to Mr. Wendell Willkie that The men who are bringing the faceless ones into our midst. They are all for you, now, Wendell Willkie-the men who hold up the one way that he may challenge and receive the admira­ the Christian cross and make it into a symbol of fear! The men tion of the American people is to show them that he is a who marry the cross to the swastika, in unholy union. They speak statesman and a leader, that he does think enough of the in the name of Jesus of Nazareth and plan His crucifixion. American way of life to be willing, if necessary, to sacrifice They do not read the words of the One whose name they take in vain. They do not remember that He said, "And I, if I be lifted his own political fortune for it. up from the earth, will draw all men unto me." Of course, the Presidency is a high prize. Of course, men Do not let them make your standard into a standard of terror will sell their souls for it, as they have nearly always sold their and fear, Wendell Willkie. souls for power. But, Mr. President, I may recite an inter­ Then she adds: view that I learned about recently from what I believe is a We have great hopes of you. reliable source. Stanley Baldwin was speaking to some people at Geneva. So I rose primarily today, Mr. President, to say that the He made to that group the statement that if, in the election American people also have great hopes of Wendell Willkie. of~ I believe, 1937-the last election in which he participated­ They hope he will not succumb to the wily companions who he had told the truth about the dangers from Germany, if he would like to make peace with Hitlerism because 'it might had challenged and demanded that Great Britain subordinate save something they do not want to jeopardize. It might save everything else to the defense of that island, that he could not a business, it might save profits, it might save prestige for have won the election because the British sentiment at that them not to have to incur the enmity of Adolf Hitler. At time had not been worked up to that point of view. least Dorothy Thompson says: Stanley Baldwin inay have .won an election and lost the Wendell Willkie, they are all with you now. British Empire. I think that history will judge sternly with I say the American people are not thinking in terms of a man who makes that kind of a selfish statement. partisanship. They are expecting Wendell Willkie not to Was Wendell Willkie nominated upon the wave of popular become an evading politican, not a quibbling nominee, not a enthusiasm? Does he come straight from the heart of the side-stepping candidate-they expect Wendell Willkie, out cf people? Is he worthy of being the people's leader? In the the courage that he has been portrayed as having, to stand next few days he will indicate whether or not he is to add to up on his own hind legs, without his arms being held up by a background of 23 Wall Street, to a coat o"f arms, bearing Mr. Anybody, and say- the electric meter and the ticker tape-another symbol that People of America, I denounce Adolf Hitler and his policies! has come to mean to the consciousness of the world, mourn­ That is one of the things I mean when I say, I will to preserve ing-mourning for destroyed people, mourning for fallen gov­ the American way of life and the democratic way. ernments, mourning for broken traditions, mourning for lost Let Wendell Willkie say, "My fellow Americans, under the glory-the somber figure of a black umbrella--the umbrella solemn consciousness of the position I hold, I say that I favor under which another businessman from Birmingham, Eng­ aid short of war to the Allies." land, another champion of business enterprise, led the Has Wendell Willkie said that since he has been nominated? democracies of the world down, down, down into the dungeons Did he give any comfort to the isolationists at Philadelphia? of despair if not of dissolution and permanent destruction. Why was it the only clear-cut statement he has made was BOULDER DAM-CONFERENCE REPORT made before the convention, and not afterward? What com­ Mr. PITTMAN. Mr. President, I ask that the unfinished promises of policy did he have to make to get that nomination? business be laid before the Senate. Is it not rather strange that he is now off on a yacht with Roy The PRESIDING OFFICER laid before the Senate the Howard, or in smoke-filled rooms with political leaders, trying report of the committee of conference on the disagreeing to make up his mind as to what he should say about foreign votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to policy? the bill

German imperialism must not be. We ought to look forward to "A GRADUAL PROCESS OF EDUCATION FOR WAR this possibility and make ready to meet it.' "Many Americans were deeply incensed at the interference of "There is a future possibility which does not change the foregoing Great Britain with our sea-borne commerce and with the detentions policies but which emphasizes the last one. It is that the war may and seizures by British naval ships of American vessels and cargoes end in a draw or with the German Empire dominant over its destined to neutral ports. Under the accepted rules of international enemies. law these detentions and seizures were illegal and indefensible, as "The argument could then be made by the German Government were the lists of contraband issued from time to time by the British that, in spite of the fact that the world was arrayed against it, it Government, which included numerous commodities lacking en­ succeeded in preventing the defeat of the Empire, and that having tirely in the qualities which are usually supposed to impress articles thus proved its superior efficiency, it should be continued and sup­ with contraband character. Many more Americans were directly ported as the agency best fitted to restore the German Nation to a affected by these British practices than were affected by the activi­ state of prosperity. . ties of the German submarines. "I believe that this argument would be potent with the German "Thus, while I was convinced that this country would ultimately people, who are in the habit of unquestioning obedience to their become a belligerent because of the peril to the world if autocratic rulers in thought as well as action. Of course, the terrible cost of Germany were victor, and while my ideas as to foreign policies were war, when the time to consider that arrives, will weaken the argu­ based upon this conviction, I, like some other believers in active ment, for the people will ask, What is the recompense for the great support of the cause of the Allies, realized that the sensible thing sacrifices they have made, the great suffering which they have en­ to do' was to defer action until, by a gradual process of education dured, and the Government will have nothing to show? The nation and enlightenment, the American people had been brought to a full may then rise and demand a change to a political system in which understanding of the design of the German Government to become their voice will be supreme. But if the argument should prevail overlord of the World. and the present military oligarchy be perpetuated, then what? "In writing to the President on July 14, 1915, concerning our "My judgment is that the German Government, cherishing the answer to the German note of the 8th, I commented thus on Ameri­ same ambition of world power which now possesses it, would, with can public opinion at that time: its usual vigor and thoroughness, prepare to renew its attack on "As I read the state of mind of the majority of the people, it is democracy. I think, however, that it would not pursue the course that they do not want war, that no war spirit exists, but at the same taken in this war, which has failed, because it would realize that time they want the Government not to recede a step from its the democratic nations would be more watchful and less trustful position but to compel Germany to submit to our demands. Of and better prepared to resist. It would probably endeavor to sow course this attitude, if I read it aright, is most difficUlt to meet. dissensions among the nations with liberal institutions and seek an '_I'o carry out both ideas is well-nigh impossible. alliance with other governments based to a more or less degree on "GETTING THE PEOPLE READY the principle of absolutism. "The remedy seems to me to be plain. It is that Germany must "Yet it was this problem which the Government had to face. not be permitted to win this war or to break even, though to pre­ There was only one solution possible, and that was delay. vent it this country is forced to take an active part.· This ultimate "Judgment as to the wisdom of delay until the temper of the necessity must be constantly in our minds in all our controversies · people had changed was confirmed as time passed. The majority of with the belligerents. American public opinion must be prepared my callers during the summer and autumn of 1915, and for many for the time, which may come, when we will have to cast aside·our months after that time, Senators, Representatives, and men high neutrality and become one of the champions of democracy. in financial and business circles, frankly said that they were against war, or else stated that, though they favored it, the bulk of "THEY CLUNG TO WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS the people with whom they came in contact were opposed to it. "While my personal views as to the ultimate position of the United Even in December 1916, a year and a half after the sinking of the States were thus clear, the time was not ripe to take definite action. Lusitania, when other submarine outrages had been added to the The opposition to entering the war on the side of the Allies was long score against Germany, one of the most prominent and influ­ strong in 1915 in spite of the Lusitania affair. It came from several ential of the Democratic leaders in the House of Representatives, elements of the population, which were inspired by different motives Henry D. Flood, chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and influenced by different reasons. Of these, the largest body said that he had quietly made a personal canvass of the House, were undoubtedly Americans who thought that the war was not our and that there was unquestionably a majority opposed to a decla­ affair but a European quarrel with which we had nothing to do. ration of war against Germany. He himself, he said, favored a They had not reasoned out the underlying principles at stake, nor declaration but was not in favor of attempting to obtain it until it were they disposed to consider them as important. They could see was certain of passage by a decisive vote. I:le said, in commenting no reason for the United States becoming involved in what they further on the situation, that he believed that Congress was gradu­ believed did not concern this country. They clung tenaciously to ally becoming convinced that this was unavoidable, but that it the traditional policy of aloofness from European questions as they would not abandon hope of keeping this country out of the strug­ interpreted the words of Washington's Farewell Address. gle until the President's efforts as a peacemaker proved of no avail. "Among other groups of citizens who opposed the entrance of the "If such was the situation at the Capitol in December 1916, 6 United States into the war were the bulk of the naturalized citi­ weeks after Mr. Wilson's reelection as President when the campaign zens of German and Austrian extraction and many Americans of cry, 'He kept us out of war,' had been so potent, the passage of a German and Austrian descent, together with the Irish-Americans declaration of war against Germany in the summer of 1915 was who sympathizEd with those who were striving to free Ireland from certainly impossible, for the war feeling was then much weaker. British domination. Then there were also the Americans whose To have attempted it and to have failed would have been an irrep­ business and commercial enterprises were affected by the activities arable disaster to the cause of the Allies. In fact, it might have of the British Navy. These saw their expectations of large profits been America's final decision, for it would have discouraged those waning. To these groups should be added the pacifists, who were who were seeking to arouse the people to the true meaning of the opposed to all war out of principle, and, though this group was not war. What then would have been the consequences? Would the numerous, it was sincere almost to the point of fanaticism in its Allied Powers have triumphed in the war? The whole course of opposition, and carried on a vigorous propaganda against the idea of history might have been changed if President Wilson had attempted the United States in any way participating in the conflict. and failed to obtain a declaration of war against the German Em­ "ATTACKS SCHOOL BOOKS pire soon after the Lusitania disaster. The uncertainty of the re­ sult was too great to warrant the attempt, and Mr. Wilson wisely "There was also an influence which affected unconsciously many adopted a policy of delay which also accorded with his declared Americans in their sympathy toward the belligerents and caused hopes of restoring peace. them to hesitate in giving approval to the United States joining the Allies. This influence was a product of the textbooks used in "TWO YEARS TO EDUCATE THE PEOPLE FOR WAR teaching American history to the youth of the land. Unavoidably "As the submarine controversy progressed and the attitude of the there was implanted in the minds of the student in our public public mind was disclosed, the wisdom of the President's policy of schools the idea that England was our hereditary foe. Our two delay was confirmed. It became more and more evident to those in principal foreign vmrs, that for independence and that of 1812, were the administration who were friendly to the Allies that it was neces­ waged against Great Britain. These two conflicts were emphasized sary before definite action was taken to convince the people of the in our school h istories and embellished with numerous anecdotes evil nature of the German Government's aims and of the menace 1llustrating American patriotism and valor, while the unrighteous­ of those aims to our own national safety as well as to the prin­ ness of the British Government in causing our people to take up .ciples of democracy, in the maintenance of which the United States arms in defense of their rights was bitterly denounced. The gen­ was vitally interested. It was a long, slow process, the process of eral consequence of the feeling thus engendered was to keep alive enlightenment. It covered a period of almost 2 years. It might a spirit of antagonism toward the British Empire and an unwilling­ have failed even then but for the crass stupidity of the Germans ness to join with it in any enterprise of a political or military in declaring their purpose of renewing unrestricted submarine war­ nature. While studious Americans knew that this attitude of mind fare on February 1, 1917. in later attacking and sinking American was unreasonable in view of the new conditions which prevailed merchant ships, and, finally, in attempting to induce Mexico to and of the ties of blood and common language, the prejudice of make war upon the United States in the event that we declared childhood and the traditions handed down from generation to gen­ war against Germany. The German Admiralty's obstinacy in re­ eration were not easily cast aside or forgotten. They unquestion­ fusing to heed the admonitions of Count von Bernstorff as to the ably weakened American sympathy toward the Allies, though their fateful consequences of renewed submarine warfare and the folly influence was offset in no small degree by the time-honored friend­ of the German Secretary of For~ign Affairs in directing the German ship for France, whose timely aid with troops, ships, and money Minister in Mexico to propose to that country that if the United during the American RevolutJon was also given a prominent place States entered the war she should invade her northern neighbor, in textbooks. offering as a bribe the return of the territory which the Mexican 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9105 Republic had lost in the war of 1848, turned the scale, and the prolonging discussion and avoiding too rigid an attitude, a reason American people, with only a few opposing voices, demanded a dec­ which grew out of the same conviction, and of which I often thought laration of war against a government which was plotting secretly as I studied the correspondence. On more than one occasion I felt to involve this country in a conflict with the Latin-American concerned lest we had gone too far when it looked as if the positions repuqlic across the Rio Grande. assumed by us were closing the door to further discussion. "It was difficult to restrain one's feelings and to conduct a dis­ passionate correspondence with the German Government concern­ "If my conviction was right as to the United States' entry into the ing the Lusitania affair when nature revolted at the callousness· of war-and I never doubted it after the sinking of the Lusitania-it the perpetrators of the crime and of the officials who so unhesitat­ was of the highest importance that we should not become a belliger­ ingly defended the act. Expressions of good will and courteous ent with our hands too tightly tied by what we had written. We phrases seemed very much out of place. To conduct such a cor­ would presumably wish to adopt some of the policies and practices respondence was all the harder for me, in view of my sympathy which the British had adopted, though certainly not all of them, with the Allies and of my steadfast conviction that their cause for our object would be the same as theirs, and that was to break was in truth the cause of all liberty-loving peoples throughout the the power of Germany and destroy the morale of the German people world. Satisfied, however, that the preponderance of public opin­ by an economic isolation, which would cause them to lack the very ion in the United States, or at least a very large majority of the necessaries of life. If we went too far in insisting that Great Britain people, favored a continuance of neutrality and the avoidance of a must cease certain practices as violative of our neutral rights, our rupture of diplomatic relations with Germany, there was no othe:r utterances would certainly be cited against us by other neutrals if course to take. Though it was hostile to one's natural inclina­ we, as belligerents, attempted to do the same thing. While our tions, notes had to be written and interviews held without exhibit­ conduct might be illegal, we would not be flagrantly inconsistent. ing in any way the real repugnance one felt toward those who at­ tempted to justify inhumanity and crime. How much more satis­ fying it would have been to have denounced the whole wicked busi­ "That reason was never lost sight of during the correspondence ness, to have sent Bernstorff home, and to have declared.war against which passed between the two Governments concerning the British the government which was the instigator and defender of the restraints upon American trade. The notes that were sent were long barbarous outrages." and exhaustive treatises which opened up new subjects of discussion rather than closing those in controversy. Short and emphatic- notes EDUCATING THE PEOPLE FOR WAR-1940? were dangerous. Everything was submerged in verbosity. It was Raymond Maley, former close confidant to President Roosevelt, done with deliberate purpose. It insured continuance of the con­ and official of the Department of State, writes in his book, After troversies and left the questions unsettled, which was necessary in Seven Years, a book which will be read by future historians as a order to leave this country free to act and even to act illegally when valuable contribution to the story of the present administration: it entered the war." "Observers recognized in these dramatic maneuverings signs of a Check Secretary Lansing's statement as to arguments with Great State Department campaign to educate the American public to the Britain and then compare with the following: need for a stronger foreign policy." . First. A statement in the New York Times in February by Edwin Compare the use of the word "educate" to the statement of Sec­ James, managing editor: retary Lansing made in January 1916, 15 months before our "In some quarters the belief is expressed that this very favoritism entrance in that war: [for the Allies], at times made so plain by the President, is the "Public opinion is not yet ready to accept this point of view. The cause of the vigorous correspondence.. This theory is that by con­ American people will have to be educated to a true vision of the tinued public emphasis on our complaints against British policy, menace that Germany is to liberty and democracy in America as the administration sought to disarm criticisms that it is unneutral well as in Europe." . and openly favoring one side in the war." Yes; even in 1915 Secretary Lansing had used the word "educate." Second. A statement in Newsweek, a paper that has a close per­ He wrote: sonal tie-up with the President through one of its able writers: "I, like some other believers in active support of the cause of the "The protests to Britain are chiefly for the home consumption of Allies, realized that the sensible thing to do was to defer action indignant American citizens." until, by a gradual process of education and enlightenment, the Third. The newspaper stories of February 1940, in which it is American people had been brought to a full understanding of the stated that the strong representations to Great Britain would be design of the German Government to become overlord of the world." stopped because of the fear of generation of anti-Ally feeling. Also note the comparison of the phrase "like some other believers More could be added, but these are significant enough to point in active support of the cause of the Allies," and then compare to the conclusion. it with the statements of the same viewpoint as expressed by the active supporters such as the Committee to Defend America by THE ALLIES MUST NOT BE BEATEN Aiding the Allies and individuals connected with that organiza­ Compare the statements today with this: tion. Are they hopeful in 1940 that the American people would be . "The Allies must not be beaten. It would mean the triumph of educated and enlightened as did Secretary Lansing in 1915? autocracy over democracy, the shattering of -all our moral stand­ Their policy-that is the policy of most of them-is to say they ards, and a real, though it may seem remote, peril to our inde­ are against going to war but they want acts of the United States pendence and institutions." Government that are provocative of war and in some instances acts This statement was made the year before our entrance in the that are acts of war. 1914-17 World War by Lansing. Secretary Lansing waited until the people were convinced, as One Government official has spoken of "Hitler and his gang of shown by the statement made in 1916: barbarians." Compare that with Lansing's wish: "I believe, therefore, that for the present we must endeavor to "While I claim no prophetic vision, I believe that I can declare keep out of the war and avoid, if we can, being forced by German that by this time next year Americans will be killing those German aggressions to employ severe measures. We must be patient and barbarians or at least getting ready to do their part in this war endure indignities and i:Q.justice until the people of this country against the Kaiser and his military gang who rule over Germany." realize that the German Government is the inveterate foe of all the ideals we hold sacred and for which the Republic stands. When "I HATE WAR" the mass of our people are convinced of the real character of the In the closing words of the radio address of President Roosevelt, German Government and are awake to its sinister designs, the time delivered September 3, 1939, one finds: for action wm have arrived. We must wait patiently for that day "Even a neutral has a right to take account of facts. Even a and not act before if ·action can possibly be avoided." neutral cannot be asked to close his mind or his conscience. "I have said not once but many times that I have seen war and PROTESTS TO ENGLAND FOR HOME CONSUMPTION that I hate war." It is also interesting to compare the Lansing words with recent Secretary Lansing, preceding our entrance in the war in 1917, said: events as they pertain to Anglo-American relations. Secretary "I hate the horrors of war but I hate worse the horrors of German Lansing wrote: mastery." "Sympathetic as I felt toward the Allies and convinced that we Many comparisons with the President's statements and those would in the end join with them against the autogratic gove:rnments of Secretary Lansing will show almost identical language. of the Central Empires, I saw with apprehension the tide of resent­ ment against Great Britain rising higher and higher in this coun­ DEADLY PARALLEL try. It was becoming increasingly difficult to avoid bringing the Shall the terrible story of 1917 be repeated? controversies between our two Governments to a head and to keep Shall the memoirs of the future show the same things as shown from assuming positions which went beyond the field of discussion. by the Lansing papers? I did all that I could to prolong the disputes by preparing, or having Let us bring to light these secrets. prepared, long and detailed replies, and before the extended inter­ Arthur Krock wrote: change of arguments came to an end something would happen to "The President not even yet is saying openly what he has said change the current of American public opinion ol' make the Ameri­ to individuals and committees of Congress." can people perceive that German absolutism was a menace to their I recall the Presidep.t saying in a radio speech to the people these liberties and to democratic institutions everywhere. Fortunately words: this hope and effort were not in vain. "Your Government has no information which it has any thought • of withholding from you." "I have already mentioned that in dealing with the British Gov­ A recent book, War Propaganda in the United States, says: ernment there was always in my mind the conviction that we would "Mr. Roosevelt's precise thoughts as peace ebbed away are the ultimately become an ally of Great Britain and that it would not do, property of future explorers. They are concealed in memoirs 'Not therefore, to let our controversies reach a point where diplomatic to be opened now.' " . correspondence gave place to action. There was another reason for Hartley Grattan has written a book, Deadly Parallel. I fear so. 9106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 1 What America wants is: IN THE NAVY First. A strong national defense. Second. No secret understandings or agreements with foreign The Chief Clerk proceeded to read sundry nominations in nations. the Navy. Third. Less provocative incidents on the part of Government The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the officials. Fourth. The 'preservation of the Monroe Doctrine, of the prin­ nominations in the Navy are confirmed en bloc. ciples of Washington's Farewell Address. That completes the calendar. The boys who have to die have a right to know the reasons. They have a right to know about these secrets, these things kept RECESS TO WEDNESDAY for memoirs under the notation "Not to be opened now." Mr. HARRISON. Under the order made earlier today, I We want no more Lansing memoranda kept secret until after the move that the Senate take a recess until Wednesday next. fatal step has been taken. The motion was agreed to; and · (at 12 o'clock and 52 min­ GRADUATED EXCESS-PROFITS TAX (H. DOC. NO, 854) utes p.m.) the Senate took a recess, the recess being, under The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HATCH in the chair) laid the order previously entered, until Wednesday, July 3, 1940, at before the Senate the following message from the President 12 o'clock meridian. of the United States, which was read and referred to the Committee on Finance: NOMINATIONS Executive nominations received July 1, 1940 To the Congress of the United States: UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION We are engaged in a great national effort to build up our national defenses to meet any and every potential attack. Fred H. Brown, of New Hampshire, to be a member of the We are asking even our humblest citizens to contribute their United States Tariff Commission for the remainder of the mite. term expiring June 16, 1941. It is our duty to see that the burden is equitably distributed· PuBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA according to ability to pay so that a few 4o not gain from the Riley E. Elgen, of the District of Columbia, to be a member sacrifices of the many. of the Public Utilities Commission of the District of Columbia I therefore recommend to the Congress the enactment of a for a term of 3 years from July 1, 1940.

TO BE ~EDICAL INSPECTOR H. R. 4185. An act to repatriate native-born women resi­ Jacob W. Troxell dents of the United States who have heretofore lost their citizenship by marriage to an alien; TO BE ASSISTANT PAYMASTER H. R. 4412. An act for the relief of Beatrice Lois Rucker; William N. McGibony H. R. 4587. -An act to give the Supreme Court of the United TO BE NAVAL CONSTRUCTOR States authority to prescribe rules of pleading, practice, and Walter F. Christmas procedure with respect to proceedings in criminal cases prior TO BE CIVIL ENGINEER to and including verdict, or finding or plea of guilty; H. R. 5156. An act for the relief of Adolph Ernest Helms; Gaylord Church H. R. 5297. An act for the relief of Stanley V. Smith; TO BE ASSISTANT CIVIL ENGINEER H. R. 5388. An act for the relief of Thomas Lewellyn and Joseph H. Barker, Jr. Drusilla Lewellyn; H. R. 5424. An rwt for the relief of Mrs. E. J. McCardle; H. R. 5569. An act for the relief of Stuart Bastow; H. R. 5592. An act for the relief of Vernon Atkison; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H. R. 5823. An act for the relief of Morrissey Construc­ MONDAY, JULY 1, 1940 tion Co.; H. R. 6145. An act for the relief of Elizabeth L. Riley; The House met at 12 o'clock noon. H. R. 6207. An act to amend section 2810 (a), Internal Reve­ The Reverend John W. Rustin, D. D., pastor of Mount nue Code, to exclude petroleum stills from the requirement of Vernon Place Methodist Church; Washington, D. C., offered registration; the following prayer: H. R. 6408. An act to extend the times for commencing and . Eternal God, Father of us all, high above us and yet living completing the construction of a dam and dike for preventing in each one of us, our hearts are filled with infinite gratitude the flow of tidal waters into North Slough in Coos County, to Thee for Thy goodness to us. Oreg.; - While Thou art very great, still art Thou very near to us. H. R. 6443. An act to permit certain aliens whose childhood Lift us into a new sense of life's meaning and dignity. Little . was spent in the United States, if eligible to citizenship, to be­ are we, 0 God, and transient children of the day against the come naturalized without filing declaration of intention; vast background of Thine eternity. Yet is this greatness ours, H. R. 6507. An act to provide for leave of absence, with pay, that Thou canst be released through us into the world. for any employee of the United States or of the District of Grant us this dignity. Make us channels of Thy peace. Let Columbia who may be called upon for jury service in any State the divine be released through us among men. court or court of the United States; Bless, we pray Thee, our Nation and her leaders. In this H. R. 6583. An act for expenditure of funds for cooperation hour when men are confused, perplexed, and uncertain, give with the public-school board, Cass County, Minn., for the us a calmness of mind; not the calmness of indifference but construction, extension, equipment, and improvement of the calmness that comes from inner stability of character. public-school facilities to be available to Indian children in Blow through us, Thou clear wind of God, purifying the the district; spirits of Thy people, so that the abundant resources of Thy H. R. 6686. An act for the relief ofT. Jack Neal; grace and power may be found in us today. Amen. H. R. 6730. An act for the relief of Edward P. Glenn, Jr.; The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday, June 22, 1940, H. R. 6737. An act for the relief of Clarence D. Green; H. R. 6822. An act for the relief of Eli~;, Warren and George was read and approved. T. Warren; MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE H. R. 6889. An act for the relief of Frances M. Hannah; Pursuant to House Resolution 545, on June 24, 1940, the H. R. 6891. An act for the relief of William M. Irvine; Clerk of the House received from the Secretary of the Senate H. R. 7254. An act authorizing the temporary detail of John the following message announcing that the Senate had L. Savage, an employee of the United States, to service under passed without amendment bills and a joint resolution of the the Government of the State of New South Wales, Australia, House of the following titles: and the Government of the Punjab, India; H. R. 159. An act to amend an act entitled "An act relating H. R. 7343. An act to amend certain laws governing Federal to the naturalization of certain women born in Hawaii," ap­ prisoners, and for other purposes; proved July 2, 1932; H. R. 7563. An act for the relief of Salomon Georg Kauf­ H. R. 382. An act for the relief of Gus Roth; mann; his wife Doris Kaufmann, nee Stern; and their child H. R.1167. An act for the relief of the Black Hills Metho- John Michael Peter Kaufmann; dist Hospital of Rapid City, S. Dak.; H. R. 7821. An act for the relief of AnnaT. Sifferman Varga; H. R. 1178. An act for the relief of Lester R. Taylor; H. R. 7825. An act for the relief of C. S. Hobson; H. R. 1846. An act for the relief of Malachy Ryan; H. R. 7880. An act for relief of Edna Emery; H. R. 2014. An act for the relief of Margaret Redmond; H. R. 2070. An act for the relief of Edwin Forsman; H. R. 7914. An act for the relief of Simon A. Brieger as H. R. 2083. An act for the relief of Dan Yancey; legal representative of the estate of Thomas Gerald Brieger, H. R. 2106. An act for the relief of Charles Flack; a deceased minor; H. R. 2151. An act for the relief of James P. Bruce, Jr.; H. R. 7955. An act for the relief of Louis Rosenstone; H. R. 2489. An act for the relief of Angie Ward; H. R. 8046. An act to amend section 1 of the act entitled H. R. 2513. An act for the relief of C. B. Reagh; "An act for the retirement of employees of the Alaska Rail­ H. R. 2628. An act for the relief of John Engblom; road, Territory of Alaska, who are citizens of the United H. R. 2946. An act for the relief of Naoma Kinder, a minor; States," approved June 29, 1936; H. R. 3142. An act for the relief of Leland G. Myers; H. R. 8099. An act for the relief of James L. Kinney; H. R. 3163. An act for the relief of Rose Bilaitis; H. R. 8252. An act for the relief of John Owen; H. R. 3402. An act to authorize the appropriation for pay­ H. R. 8316. An act authorizing the Secretary of the In­ ment of the cost of providing additional water for the Wapato terior to sell certain land to the Conconully Cemetery Asso­ Indian irrigation project, Wash.; ciation; H. R. 3713. An act for the relief of Joe Carter; H. R. 8350. An act permitting official mail of the Pan Ameri­ H. R. 3925. An act for the relief of Evelyn L. Ratcliffe; can Sanitary Bureau to be transmitted in penalty envelopes; H. R. 4113. An act for the relief of Maude Sullivan; H. R. 8399. An act to prohibit the receipt, possession, or H. R. 4142. An act for the relief of Mary Reid Hudson; disposition of money or property feloniously taken from a H. R. 4148. An act for the relief of Mary S. Arthur, as bank organized or operating under the laws of the United executrix of the estate of Richard M. Arthur, depeased; States or any member of the Federal Reserve System;, 9108 CONG.RESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 1 H. R. 8628. An act· to amend the Perishable Agricultural H. R. 10112. An act to amend the Immigration Act of 1924 Commodities Act, 1930, as amended, to include as a perishable to require aliens admitted into the United States as omcials agricultural commodity cherries in brine, and for other pur­ of foreign governments either to maintain their status or to poses; depart from the United States, with the approval of the H. R. 8708. An act for the relief of Harold C. Preble, naval Secretary of State; and architect; H. J. Res. 559. Joint resolution authorizing a reduction in H. R. 8815. An act to-grant per diem compensation to the the rate of interest to be paid on certain loans and advances appointed members of the Board of Steam and Other Operat­ made to the District of Columbia by the United States of ing Engineers of the District of Columbia, and for other America through the Public Works Administration. purposes; The message also announced that the Senate had passed, H. R. 8910. An act providing for the extension of nonquota with amendments in which the concurrence of the House is status to Frederick Beck; requested, bills of the House of the following titles: H. R. 8919. An act to authorize the setting aside of an area H. R. 3976. An act for the relief of Violet Knowlen, a minor. within the Canal Zone to preserve and conserve its natural H. R. 4828. An act to amend the law limiting the operation features for scientific study, for providing and maintaining of statutes of limitations in certain cases; facilities for such study, and for other purposes; H. R. 5640. An act to admit Richard Paul Rehn perma­ H. R. 9063. An act authorizing the Administrator of the nently to the United States; Federal Works Agency to transfer certain property in San H. R. 5641. An act to admit Johann Rudolf Hueneberg per­ Francisco, Calif., to the city and county of San Francisco for manently to the United States; street purposes; H. R. 6056. An act for tl).e relief of Antal or Anthony or H. R. 9139. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to Tony Zaicek or Zaiczek; establish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the H. R. 6061. An act for the relief of Hazel Thomas; United States," approved July 1, 1898, and acts amendatory H. R. 6424. An act to provide for the transportation and thereof and supplementary thereto; distribution of mails on motor-vehicle routes; H. R. 9299. An act to amend section 10 of chapter 5 of H. R. 6884. An act to encourage travel in the United States, Public Act No. 436, Seventy-third Congress, approved June 19, and for other purposes; 1934; H. R. 7696. An act to amend the United States Grain Stand­ H. R. 9391. An act to amend section 40, National Defense ards Act, to provide for the grading of soybeans, and for other Act, as amended, relating to the organization of the Reserve purposes; omcers' Training Corps, so as to provide for an exception H. R. 7826. An act for the relief of R. F. Brazelton; with respect to the University of Alaska; H. R. 7843. An act for the relief of Clifford J. Williams; H. R. 9453. An act to provide a license to the Atlantic Re­ H. R. 8605. An act for the relief of Mary Janiec and Ignatz fining Co., and for other purposes; Janiec; and H. R. 9509. An act to extend the times for commencing and H. R. 9114. An act authorizing advancements from the Fed­ completing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River eral Emergency Administration of Public Works for the con­ at or near Shawneetown, Ill.; struction of a recorder of deeds building in the District of H. R. 9618. An act to extend the times for commencing and Columbia, and for other purposes. completing the construction of a bridge across the Susque­ The message also announced that the Senate had passed hanna River at or near the city of Harrisburg, Pa.; bills of the following titles, in which the concurrence of the H. R. 9651. An act for the relief of Meier Langermann, his House is requested: wife, Friederike, and son, Joseph; S. 820. An act providing for the granting of leave to certain H. R. 9765. An act to provide for exercising the right with employees of the United States to enable them to vote at respect to red-cedar shingles reserved in the trade agreement elections; concluded November 17, 1938, between the United States of S. 2524. An act to incorporate the Military Order of the America and Canada, and for other purposes; Purple Heart; H. R. 9804. An act to amend and clarify section 6, subsec­ S. 2758. An act for the relief of Wade Crawford, formerly tion 2, of the act approved June 1, 1938, known as Juvenile superintendent of the Klamath Indian Agency; Court Act of the District of Columbia, and for other purposes; S. 2930. An act to provide for reimbursement to the holders H. R. 9864. An act amending the Bankruptcy Act with re­ of cotton-pool participation trust certificates, and for other spect to the basis of property; purposes; H. R. 9896. An act to authorize appropriations for construc­ S. 3248. An act to amend section 2, chapter 368, Forty-sixth tion at military posts, and for other purposes; Statutes at Large, page 1467, March 2, 1931, relating to extra H. R. 9897. An act to authorize the acquisition of additional compensation of inspectors and employees of the Immigration land for military purposes; and Naturalization Service; S. 3361. An act for the relief of Aron Pitt and Cecilia Pitt; H. R. 9899. An act extending the jurisdiction of the Civil S. 3550. An act to make unlawful the transportation of Aeronautics Authority over certain air-mail services, and for convict-made goods in interstate and foreign commerce; other ~ Jurposes; S. 3596. An act to enable Eva Sofia Bildstein and her minor H. R. 9907. An act to provide for the recording and releas­ son, Jorg Bildstein, to remain permanently in the United ing of liens by entries on certificates of title for motor vehicles States; and trailers, and for other purposes; S. 3619. An act relating to changes in the administration H. R. 9920. An act authorizing the county of Lawrence, of the National Guard of the United States bearing on Federal Ohio, to acquire and operate as a unit certain privately owned recognition, pay, allotment of funds, drill, training, etc.; toll bridges across the Ohio River adjoining such county; S. 3703. An act for the relief of Vasil Dimitroff Techoff; H. R. 9927. An act declaring a forfeiture of certain land S. 3720. An act to create and establish a Board of Funeral heretofore granted by the United States to the board of com­ Directors and Embalmers for the District of Columbia and to missioners of the Orleans Levee Distr_ict, in the city of New prescribe its powers and duties; Orleans, State of LoUisiana, for levee and street purposes; S. 3741. An act for the relief of Charles P. Madsen; H. R. 10009. An act to amend section 13 (d) of the Railroad S. 3795. An act to authorize the transportation of employees Unemployment Insurance Act; of the Alaska Road Commission, and to validate payments H. R.10058. An act to amend the act relating to preventing made for that and other purposes; the publication of inventions in the national interest, and for S. 3870. An act to amend the act entitled "An act authoriz­ other purposes; ing the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to furnish H. R. 10087. An act for the relief of the Continental Aero­ Potomac water without charge to charitable institutions, etc., surveys Corporation; in the District of Columbia," approved February 23, 1905; 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9109, S. 3929. An act to extend the times for commencing and The message also announced that the Senate had passed completing the construction of a bridge across the Mississippi joint resolutions of the following titles, in which the concur­ River at or near Memphis, Tenn.; rence of the House is requested: S. 3931. An act for the acquisition of Indian lands for the S. J. Res. 258. Joint resolution to provide for the· use and Parker Dam and Reservoir project, and for other purposes; disposition of the bequest of the late Justice Oliver Holmes S. 3934. An act authorizing the State of Michigan, acting to the United States, and for other purposes; and through the International Bridge Authority of Michigan, to S. J. Res. 267. Joint resolution providing for the acquisi­ ·Construct, maintain, and operate a toll bridge or series of tion by the Railroad Rettrement Board of data needed in 'bridges, causeways, and approaches thereto, across the St. carrying out the provisions of the Railroad Retirement Acts. Marys River, from a point in or near the city of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., to a point in the Province of Ontario, Canada; ARMY BANDMASTERS-VETO MESSAGE (H. DOC. NO. 853) S. 3936. An act to extend the provisions of the act of May The SPEAKER laid before the House the following com- · 22, 1934, known as the National Stolen Property Act; munication from the Clerk of the House: S. 3952. An act to provide relief for and to promote the OFFICE OF THE CLERK, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, interest of the landowners on the Uintah Indian irrigation Washington, D. C., June 25, 1940. :project, Utah, and for other purposes; The SPEAKER, S. 3954. An act relating to the issuance by the Secretary The Hou se of Representatives. of the Interior of a patent to the State of Minnesota for cer­ Sm: There is transmit ted herewith a sealed envelope containing a message from t h e President of the United States, received by me tain lands in that State; on June 25, 1940. S. 3972. An act to authorize exchanges of lands within the Very respectfully, Navajo Indian Reservation, Ariz.; SoUTH TRIMBLE, S. 3974. An act to clarify section 3709 ta: Page 1, line 5, thousand three hundred feet along the southern boundary of after the words "residence in", insert the words "Indian reserva­ Hawaii National Park; one hundred and seventy-nine degrees twenty­ tions", and on page 2, line 1, after the word "such", insert "Indian seven minutes thirty seconds, fourteen thousand five hundred and reservations", and amend the title. fifty feet over and across Pali to a point on Kau Desert Plateau; two hundred and forty-three degrees fifty-seven minutes no sec­ Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, as I understand it, this onds, eighteen thousand four hundred and fifty feet to a point amendment does not change the existing law with respect to located above Hilina Pali; three hundred and fifty-nine degrees twenty-seven minutes thirty seconds, twelve thousand nine hun­ · the education of Indian children. dred and ninety feet more or less to high-water line; thence in Mr. O'CONNOR. No; it does not. southwesterly direction along the high-water line to the point of Mr. WOLCOTI'. It authorizes that Government employees beginning; containing an area of six thousand four hundred a11d fifty acres, more or less; is hereby withdrawn from the Hawaii Na­ on Indian reservations may have the same advantages. as the tional Park and from the control and jurisdiction of the Secretary Government employees in the national parks? of the Interior and is transferred to the jurisdiction and contrc:>l of Mr. O'CONNOR. Yes. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9119 Mr. WOLCOTT. And applies only to Government em­ Mr. O'CONNOR. This bill simply provides that the rentals ployees and not to Indian children? on the leases for exploration in nonproven fields be waived for Mr. O'CONNOR. That is the purpose of the amendment. 2 years out of the 3 years. Remember, this is in nonproven The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the consideration of fields. If any gas or oil is produced, then, of course, the waiver the bill? does not apply. There was no objection. It is a very worthy bill. It will assist the little fellow who The Clerk read the bill, as follows: is trying to develop the lands upon which he has a lease. I Be it enacted, etc., That in order to facmtate the providing of sincerely hope that the gentleman will not object, because if educational opportunities for children of Government employees the bill is not passed, many of these places where there may be and other residents 1n the national parks and national monu­ oil and gas will go undeveloped, unproven, and the Govern­ ments the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized in his discretion to make available for elementary school purposes therein, ment will receive nothing and nobdy eLse will receive anything. without charge, space 1n Government-owned buildings, when such So I hope the gentleman will not object. space may be available for such purposes without detriment to Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the official business of such national parks and national monu­ ments. Mr. WOLCO'IT. I yield. Mr. HORTON. The statement made by the gentleman The amendment was agreed to. from Montana [Mr. O'CoNNoR] is entirely correct. The law The bill as amended was ordered to be read a third time, itself is very stringent, but the regulations are even more so. was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ Instead of imposing the rental of 25 cents an acre, which is sider was laid on the table. provided by law, they have increased it to 50 cents an acre on AUTHORIZING THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR TO FURNISH MATS lands that are outside of any proven field. It makes it abso­ FOR THE REPRODUCTION IN MAGAZINES OF PHOTOGRAPHS OF lutely impossible for any small operator to hold his lease. NATIONAL PARK SCE~RY The bill as drawn waived the rental for the second and third The Clerk called the next bill, S. 769, authorizing the Sec­ year. We in the committee felt that it should be waived for retary of the Interior to furnish mats for the reproduction in the first and second year, because it is the first year that is magazines and newspapers of photographs of national park tougher on the little fellow, and it will give him an opportunity scenery. to hold his lease until he can develop his land. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Mr. WOLCOTT. I yield. that this bill be passed over without prejudice. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. I am a member of the Com­ Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? mittee on the Public Lands which voted out this bill and I Mr. COSTELLO. I yield. favored it. I am thinking of it in connection with mining, O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, may I say to the gentleman which is a little different, but in this respect, that we ought to Mr. encourage these hardy pioneers who go out there and exploit that this is a very worthy measure. It only provides for the the natural resources of our country. We want to do every­ use of $3,000 to furnish mats to small newspapers throughout thing we can to shield the fellow who has a small claim, so the country, which show the scenic beauties and various other that he may go ahead and prove up on his claim. attractions in those parks. It will not only serve a good The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present con­ purpose but will stimulate travel in all of the parks. Of sideration of the bill? course, these mats may be purchased by the small news­ papers now, but they come at such a price that it is prohibi­ Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, reserving the tive. In the first instance, they can be furnished by the right to object, I understood the gentleman from Arizona Government very cheaply, and it seems to me it would be a [Mr. MURDOCK] to state that he favored this bill because it small sum of money very wisely spent. . I hope the gentleman permitted certain persons to exploit our natural resources? will not object. Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. I meant develop the natural resources. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from California? Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. The gentleman meant "de­ velop"? I thought it was rather remarkable if the self­ Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I object to the consid­ styled "Honest Harold" Ickes supported this bill on the eration of the bill. premise the gentleman has given, that a few people would AUTHORIZING SPECIAL AGENTS OF DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO exploit these natural resources. ADMINISTER OATHS Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. I used the word "exploit" The Clerk called the next bill, S. 2627, to empower and au­ in a proper and a better sense. thorize special agents and such other employees of the Divi­ Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. The gentleman really means sion of Investigations, Department of the Interior, as are to develop. designated by the Secretary of the Interior for that purpose, to administer oaths in the performance of their official duties. Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. I mean to develop; yes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, in view of the Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, is there any possible reason gentleman's statement I withdraw my reservation of ob­ why these folks should have this authority? jection. I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Speaker, that this bill be Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob­ passed over without prejudice. ject, the provisions of this bill as it passed the Senate provided The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the for a waiver of payment during the second and third years of gentleman from New York? the lease. Under the terms of the bill as amended by the There was no objection. House Committee the waiver has been changed to the first and second years. It seems to me to be rather ridiculous to RENTALS IN CERTAIN OIL AND GAS LEASES expect anyone signing a lease for Government land, not hav­ The Clerk called the next bill, S. 2915, relating to rentals ing to pay any rental during the first 2 years, would, if he in certain oil and gas leases issued under authority of the act did not desire to employ the land further, pay rental on it of February 25, 1920, as amended. the third year. In other words, the Government would re­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consid­ ceive no revenue whatsoever from the occupation of this eration of the bill? lease during the period of the last year. If the committee Mr. WOLCO'IT. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, amendment is withdrawn or rejected I shall have no objec- . I wonder if somebody will explain this? It looks to me like tion to the bill. In other words, I shall not object to the bill a rather important bill. if the lessee is required to make payment during the first Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? year, but payment is waived during the second and third Mr. WOLCO'IT. I yield. . years; or if the gentleman wishes to reduce the amount of 9120 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 1 the payment from 50 to 25 cents an acre during the first year, and placed under bond to appear for trial 2 or 3 months later that could be done. in a Federal court, of course, in California. If so, you would The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman care to accept the have to stay in California, forfeit your bond, or travel from amendment proposed? Boston to appear. This bill, if it becomes law, would permit Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I suggest that the com­ you to settle the case within a few minutes. mittee withdraw this amendment as to the first and second Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The bill, as I read it, on page years. 1, applies to persons charged with petty offenses against the Mr. HORTON. The gentleman will object to the bill un­ law, or rules and regulations made in pursuance of law. less this change is made? Mr. HOBBS. That is right. Mr. COSTELLO. Yes. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. That would probably mean Mr. HORTON. I think that will prove to be a mistake, be­ that the United States commissioners, under the terms of this cause it is during the first year that the prospector finds it bill, would have jurisdiction to try a person charged with a difficult to meet his payments. To require him to pay the petty offense against rules and regulations made by an Indian first year will make it just that much harder, but if the tribal council which are made in pursuance of law if the gentleman is going to object unless that change is made I accused so desired; Personally I have no objection to that; shall have to agree to the change. it might provide a change of venue, something not now offered Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? and yet something that is essential in a well-considered sys­ Mr. COSTELLO. I yield. tem of justice. Mr. O'CONNOR. I would suggest that we eliminate the Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. ·Mr. Speaker, reserving the second year. Then it would provide only for a waiver of right to object, I am interested in this bill because of the In­ the rental during the first and third years, and if he wishes dian reservation feature which was mentioned. Under to keep the land he will have to pay rental on it during existing law-that is, under the Wheeler-Howard Act-the the second year. Indians elect their own judges to try these petty and trivial Mr. COSTELLO. I . think the best thing to do is for the offenses. Under this bill, if it applies to Indian reservations, committee to withdraw its amendment. we are going to take away the right of these duly elected Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield Indian judges to try these petty and trivial cases. · further? Mr. HOBBS. No, sir; not if they acquire jurisdiction. Mr. COSTELLO. I yield. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. They. will then be tried by Mr. O'CONNOR. We do not like to withdraw this amend- an appointed bureaucrat. ment, Mr. Speaker, but on the theory that half a loaf is Mr. HOBBS. The gentleman is mistaken, but I honor him I better than no loaf at all, if the gentleman is going to object, for his zeal. This does not deprive any citizen of any right, we reluctantly yield and will ask that the committee amend­ nor does it deprive a court of any right which has attached. I ment be voted down. It simply makes available to anyone who is arrested on a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consid­ petty charge an immediate disposition of his case, if the eration of the bill? offense occurred on a Federal reservation. There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Let us take a specific case, a Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior, in the case trivial offense under the code of laws adopted by an Indian of lands not within any known geologic structure of a productive tribe under the Wheeler-Howard Act. Under that code of oil or gas field, shall waive the rentals stipulat ed in oil and gas laws an Indian judge elected by the Indians tries these cases. 1 leases issued pursuant to section. 17 of the act of February 25, 1920, as amended by the act of August 21, 1935 ( 49 Stat. 674), for the If this bill is passed, would not jurisdiction be taken away I second and third lease years, unless a valuable deposit of oil or gas from the duly elected Indian judge, elected by the Indians I be sooner discovered. on the reservation, and let an appointed bureaucrat, a com- l The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the committee missioner, try the case? amendment. Mr. HOBBS. No, sir; not exactly. The duly authorized The Clerk read as follows: courts would sit, and if they functioned promptly and expedi­ tiously, and if they desired jurisdiction and assumed it, they Page 2, line 1, strike out "second" and insert "first"; and strike out "third" and insert "second." could have it. If, on the other hand, it was agreeable to them and to all parties concerned, and the visitor wished The committee amendment was rejected. immediate hearing, then they might leave it to the com­ The bill was ordered to be read a third time, was read the missioner. third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider was laid Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Then, with reference to an • on the table. Indian reservation, in case of a violation of a trivial law, the UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER ON FEDERAL RESERVATIONS commissioner would not take jurisdiction away from the duly The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 1999, to confer jurisdic­ elected Indian judge except by permission of the Indian tion upon certain United States commissioners to try petty authorities? offenses committed on Federal reservations. Mr. HOBBS. The sole purpose of the bill, as I understand Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, reserving the it, is to facilitate disposition of petty cases. It is not compul­ right to object, will not some member of this committee tell sory, but voluntary. It would not change the jurisdiction of us whether or not this bill will apply to Indian reservations? any court, nor oust the jurisdiction once it had been asserted. Mr. MURDOCK of Utah. Mr. Speaker, it is my under­ I do not mean to say that expressed permission of Indian standing that the bill applies to Indian reservations. I asked authorities is required. that question in the committee and was answered in the Mr. CASE of South Dakota. If the gentleman will yield, let affirmative. me read this sentence from the bill.: Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I am glad to have the gentle­ The commissioner before whom the defendant is arraigned shall man make that statement, and-I would be glad to yield for a apprise the defendant of his right to make such election and shall not proceed to try the case unless the defendant after being so further explanation. apprised, signs a written consent to be tried before the commissioner. Mr. HOBBS. The gentleman understands that this bill would apply to those trivial instances where on Federal res­ Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. The gentleman has appeared ervations, such as parks, forests, historical sites, battlefields, before the Indian Affairs Committee in connection with Indian and for Indians, petty offenses have been committed, the legislation. How about the judge elected by the Indians un­ United States commissioner in the vicinity may act immedi- der the Wheeler-Howard Act? You are going to permit the 1 ately, if the offender so desires. Such permissive practice defendant by signing a statement to be tried by an appointed ! w~uld obviate unreasonat?le delay and travel, in many cases. commissioner instead of by the duly elected judge who has Suppose you were touring in your own automobile, and while been elected by the Indians on the reservation. driving thrcugh Yosemite-you violate a traffic rule, or pick a Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I may say, after consider­ 1 fiower. Suppose you live in Boston. You might be arrested able observation of these Indian courts that the accused per- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9121 sons, whether Indian or white, should· have an opportunity Mr. O'CONNOR. I am going to object to the bill unless for a change of venue. I hope this bill gives it to them. that amendment is included. The so-called law-and-order system now operating in a Mr. HOBBS. That is your privilege. · great deal of the Indian country often violates five ~asic prin­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present con­ ciples of justice. sideration of the bill? First, most of these Indian courts are fee courts. Judges There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: and officers are tempted to go after the prisoners where they Be it enacted, etc., That any United States commissioner specially think fines can· be collected. designated for that purpose by the court by which he was appointed shall have jurisdiction to try and, if found guilty, to sentence persons Second, jury trial is denied in most of the reservations. If charged with petty offenses against the law, or rules and regulations you lack faith in the justice of peace in my State, you can made in pursuance of law, committed in any place over which the demand a jury trial, but not in these Indian courts. Congress has exclusive power to legislate or over which the United Third, most of these Indian courts deny the right of coun­ States has concurrent jurisdiction, and Within the judicial district for which such commissioner was appointed. The probation laws sel. Not all the offenses are so petty. I recall one Indian shall be applicable to persons so tried before United States com­ who was charged with bastardy. He maintained, with evi­ missioners. For the purposes of this Act the term "petty offense" dence, that the charge was a frame-up, yet he was not per­ shall be defined as in section 335 of the Criminal Code (U. S. C., title 18, sec. 541). If any person charged with such petty offense mitted to employ counsel for his defense. shall so elect, however, he shall be tried in the district court oi Fourth, the judges, although elected by the Indians, are the United States which has jurisdiction over the offense. The sometimes elected by a small minority vote. There are no commissioner before whom the defendant is arraigned shall apprise primaries, no run-offs. With half a dozen candidates, the the defendant of his right to make such election and shall not proceed to try the case unless the defendant after being so apprised, judge elected may represent less than 20 percent of the eli­ signs a written consent to be tried before the commissioner. gible voters. Yet he may pass on charges against persons SEc. 2. In all cases of conviction by United States commissioners against whom he has a personal grudge growing out of the an appeal shall lie from judgment of the commissioner to the district court of the United States for the district in which the election. offense was committed. The Supreme Court shall prescribe rules Fifth, most of these so-called law-and-order courts do not of procedure and practice for the trial of cases before commissioners permit a change of venue. They have a system of junior and for taking and hearing of appeals to the said district courts and senior judges, but in operation they do not always pro­ of the United States. SEc. 3. United States commissioners specially designated under vide the element of appeal or change of venue which is basic authority of section 1 of this Act shall receive for services rendered in our idea of Anglo-Saxon justice. under this Act the same fees, and none other, as provided for like True, in most instances these courts have jurisdiction only or similar services in other cases under section 21 of the Act of May 28, 1896 (29 Stat. 184; U. S. C., title 28, sec. 597). over members of the tribes, but the Indians are entitled to SEC. 4. This Act shall not be construed as in any way repealing justice, as well as the white man. In some instances, juris­ or limiting the existing jurisdiction, power, or authority of United diction is asserted over whites on or passing through reser­ States commissioners, including United States commissioners ap­ vations. It will be remembered by the gentleman that a bill pointed for the several national parks and United States commis­ sioners in Alaska. to extend the jurisdiction of these courts was before this SEc. 5. The provisions of this Act shall not apply to the District House last year, H. R. 5409. I objected time after time until of Columbia. it was stricken from the calendar. Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, I object to the considera­ Now the bill before us seems to offer a chance for the ac­ tion of the bill without that amendment. cused, whether Indian or white, to take his case before the The SPEAKER. The Chair waited for the gentleman to United States commissioner for a speedy trial if he feels that offer his amendment. his trial would otherwise be delayed or that justice might be Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr .. Speaker, I object to the considera­ hard to obtain. The United States commissioner is not a tion of the bill. bureaucrat as has been suggested; he is an officer of the Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I make the point of order United States district court, responsible to the Federal judge that the objection comes too late. in the district. Certainly, if this bill offers a chance to cor­ The SPEAKER. The Chair is inclined to sustain the point rect the distressing conditions I h~ve outlined, we should of order, but the Chair will give the gentleman an oppor­ have an opportunity to consider it. tunity to offer an amendment. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. In view of the gentleman's Mr. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent statement, I will withdraw my objection, but I shall offer an that the bill be passed over temporarily without prejudice. amendment to exclude Indian reservations. The regular order was demanded. Mr. O'CONNOR. Reserving the right to object, to ask a The SPEAKER. The Chair heard no objection to the question. In the instance cited by the gentleman from Wis­ consideration of the bill. The question is now ·on the passage consin, under a special act passed by Congress in 1934, known of the bill. as the Reorganization Act, it is therein provided for holding Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I offer an an election to elect judges to try such offenses as are con­ amendment. At the end of the bill insert an amendment: templated in this bill. To say the least, it seems to me if this Provided, That thiS act shall not apply to any Indian reservation bill becomes law, at least on the surface it so ·appears, there in the United States. will be a conflict of jurisdiction between the person who is legally elected under the law already in existence and the Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, I object. law contemplated to be passed here. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin has a Mr. HOBBS. That is entirely possible under the gentle­ right to offer an amendment. man's hypothesis, but may I answer him in this way: If any Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Indian court created under the act the gentleman has cited that the bill be passed over temporarily without prejudice. desires to inconvenience a citizen of the United States travel­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the ing through its jurisdiction, and spending his money on an gentleman from Michigan [Mr. MICHENER}? Indian reservation and will not allow him to pay a fine of There was no objection. 50 cents or a dollar, with costs, so that. the visitor may not be REGISTRATION OF CERTAIN ORGANIZATIONS delayed unduly, then I suggest to the gentleman, if he wants The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 10094, to require the to safeguard the rights of his Indian courts, that he offer registration of certain organizations carrying on activities an amendment eliminating Indi&.n reservations from the pur­ within the United States, and for other purposes. view of the bill. It will be accepted, so far as I am concerned. There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: If he is sincere in his position, let him eliminate the Indian Be it enacted, etc., That for the purposes of this act- reservations. (a) The term "Attorney General" means the Attorney General Mr. O'CONNOR. I am trying only to prevent a conflict of of the United States; jurisdiction where Indians are being tried and where no (b) The term "organization" means any group, club, league, society, committee, association, political party, or combination of white person is involved at all. individuals, whether incorporated or otherwise, but such term shall .Mr. HOBBS. Offer your amendment. not include any church, corporation, community chest, fund, or 9122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 1 foundation which the Attorney General determines is organized for, (9) A description of the uniforms, badges, insignia, or other and engaged in good faith exclusively in, activities in furtherance means of identification prescribed by the organization, and 'Worn or of religious, charitable, scientific, scholastic, or academic pursuits, carried by its officers or members, or any of such officers or members; or in furtherance of the fine arts; ( 10) A copy of each book, pamphlet, leaflet, or other publication . (c) The term "political activity" means any activity tne purpose or item of written, printed, or graphic matter issued or distributed <:lr aim of which, or one of the purposes or aims of which, is the d~rectly or indirectly by the organization, or by any chapter, branch, establishment, control, conduct, seizure, or overthrow of a gov­ or affiliate of the organization, or by any of the members of the ernment or political subdivision thereof; organization under its authority or within its knowledge; {d) An organization shall be deemed to be engaged in "civilian (11) A description of all firearms or other weapons owned by the military activity" if (1) it gives instruction to, or prescribes instruc­ organization, or by any chapter, branch, or affiliate of the organiza­ tion for, its members in the use of firearms or other weapons or any tion, identified by the manufacturer's number thereon. substitute therefor, or military or naval science, or (2) it receives from ( 12) In case the organization is subject to foreign control, the any other organization or from any individual instruction in military manner in which it is so subject; or naval science, or (3) it engages in any military or naval mane~­ {13) A copy of the charter, articles of association, constitution, vers or activities, or (4} it engages, either with or :without arms, 1n bylaws, rules, regulations, agreements, resolutions, and all other drills or parades of a military or naval character, or (5) it engages instruments relating to the organization, powers, and purposes of in any other form of organized activity which in the opinion of the organization, and of each branch, chapter, and affiliate of the the Attorney General constitutes preparation for military action; organization, and to the powers of the officers of the organization, and and of' each chapter, branch, and affiliate of the organization; and (e) An organization shall be deemed "subject to foreign control" (14) Such other information and documents pertinent to the if (1) it solicits or accepts financial contributions, loans, or sup­ purposes of this act as the Attorney General may from time to time port of any kind, directly or indirectly, from, or is affiliated directly require. or indirectly with, a foreign government or a political subdivision All statements filed under this section shall be public records and thereof, or an agent, agency, or instrumentality of a foreign gov­ open to public examination and inspection at all reasonable hours ernment or political subdivision thereof, or a political party in a .under such rules and regulations as the Attorney General may foreign country, or an international political organization; or prescribe. (2) its policies, or any of them, are determined by or at the sug­ SEc. 3. The Attorney General is authorized at any time to make, gestion of, or in collaboration with, a foreign government or po­ amend, and rescind such rules and regulations as may be necessary litical subdivision thereof, or an agent, agency, or instrumentality to carry out the provisions of this act, including rules and regula­ of a foreign government or a political subdivision thereof, or a tions go'Verning the statements required to be filed by this act. political party in a foreign country, or an international political SEc. 4. Any violation of any of the provisions of this act shall be organization. punishable by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment SEc. 2. (a) The folfowing organizations shall be required to reg- for not more than 5 years, or both. Whoever in a statement filed ister with the Attorney General as hereinafter provided: · pursuant to section 2 willfully makes any false statement or will­ (1) Every organization subject to foreign control which engages fully omits to state any fact which is required to be stated, or in political activity; . which is necessary to make the statements made not misleading, (2) Every organization which engages both in civilian military shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than $2,000 activity and in political actvity; or to imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both. (3) Every organization subject to foreign control which engages SEc. 5. If any provision of this act, or the application thereof to in civilian military activity; and any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the (4) Every organization, the purpose or aim of which, or one of act, and the application of such provisions to other persons or cir­ the purposes or aims of which, is the establishment, control, con­ cumstances, shall not be affected thereby. duct, seizure, or overthrow of a government or subdivision thereof SEc. 6. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after the by the use of force, violence, military measures, or threats of any date of its enactment, except that prior to such ninetieth day the one or more of the foregoing. Attorney General may make, amend, or rescind such rules and regu­ Every such organization shall register by flfing with the Attorney General, on such forms and in such detail as the Attorney General laions as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this act. may by rules and regulations prescribe, a registration statement The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, containing the information and documents prescribed in subsection (c) and shall within 30 days after the expiration of each period of was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ 6 months succeeding the filing of such registration statement, file sider was laid on the table. with the Attorney General, on such forms and in such detail as the Attorney General may by rules and regulations prescribe, a supple­ LEASE, DEVELOPMENT, AND MAINTENANCE OF KELLEY HOMESTEAD, mental statement containing such information and documents as NEAR ELK RIVER, MINN. may be necessary to make the information and documents pre­ The Clerk called the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 376) au­ viously filed under this section accurate and current with respect thorizing the Secretary of Agriculture to accept from the to such preceding 6 months' period. Every statement required to be filed by this section shall be subscribed, under oath, by all' of the National Grange a lease of the Kelley homestead, near Elk officers of the organization. River, Minn., and providing for its development and main­ (b) Nothing in subsection (a) shall be deemed to require regis­ tenance. tration or the filing of any statement with the Attorney General by {1) the armed forces of the United States, or (2) the organized The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consid­ militia or National Guard of any States, Territory, District, or eration of the joint resolution? possession of the United States, or (3) any law-enforcement Mr. KEAN. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Speaker, I agency of the United States or of any Territory, District, or possession thereof, or of any State or political subdivision of a notice in the letter from the Secretary that he states he State, or of any agency or instrumentality of one or more States, does not recommend any appropriation, and I note that in or (4) any duly established diplomatic mission or consurar office of this bill there is an appropriation of $20,000. a foreign government which is so recognized by the Department of State. Mr. JONES of Texas. I may say to the gentleman that we (c) Every registration statement required by subsection {a) to be had some discussion about that feature. It is intended to filed by any organization shall contain the following information make a sort of a shrine out of this homestead. It is to be and documents: • . leased without cost or at nominal cost to the Government. (1) The name and post-office address of the organization in the United States, and the names and addresses of all branches, chap­ This is the homestead of the founder of the National Grange, ters, and affiliates of such organization; which is the oldest farm organization in America. After (2) The name, address, and nationality of each officer, and of each some discussion, the committee thought it was such a desir­ person who performs the functions of an officer, of the organization, and of each branch, chapter, and affiliate of the organization; able objective that it might be wise to authorize an appro­ (3) The qualifications for membership in the organization; priation-it is not an appropriation, it is simply an authoriza­ ( 4) The existing and proposed aims and purposes of the organiza­ tion-of not to exceed $20,000, so that whatever plans were tion, and all the means by which these aims or purposes are being made within that reasonable limitation they might proceed attained or are to be attained; ( 5) The address or addresses of meeting places of the organiza­ to carry out. For that reason, the committee, after going tion, and of each branch, chapter, or affiliate of the organization, into the matter, unanimously 1·eported the joint resolution the times of such meetings, and a copy of the minutes or journal without the restriction. of every such meeting; Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ (6) The name and address of each person who has contributed any money, dues, property, or other thing of value to the organiza­ sent that the bill be passed over without prejudice. tion or to any branch, chapter, or affiliate of the organization; The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the (7) A detailed statement of the assets of the organization, and of gentleman from Ohio? each branch, chapter, and affiliate of the organization, the manner in which such assets were acquired, and a detailed statement of the There was no objection. liabilities and income of the organization and of each branch, chap­ PROVISIONAL OFFICERS WHO SERVED DURING THE WORLD WAR ter, and affiliate of the organization; (8) A detailed description of the activities of the organization, The Clerk called the next bill, S. 458, extending the bene- and of each chapter, branch, and affiliate of the organization; fits of the Emergency Officers' Retirement Act of May 24, 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9123 1928, to provisional, probationary, or temporary officers of the tee will bear me out, the bill would not be here unless the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard who served intention was to include that amendment. during the World War. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present con­ There being no objection, the. Clerk read the bill, as follows: sideration of the bill? Be it enacted, etc., That the benefits of the act of May 24, 1928, The Chair calls at.tention to the fact that there is a similar as amended, entitled "An act making eligible for retirement, under Senate bill pending on the Speaker's table. certain conditions, officers and former officers of the Army, Navy, Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, and Marine Corps of the United States, other than officers of the Regular Army, Navy, or Marine Corps, who incurred physical dis­ may the amendment submitted by the gentleman from Minne­ ability in line of duty while in the service of the United States sota and which will be offered as a committee amendment be during the World War," are hereby extended to provisional, proba­ read for the information of the House? tionary, or temporary officers of the military or naval forces or Coast Guard, who served subsequent to April 6, 1917, and who are now in The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the amendment a status of honorable separation from the military, naval, or Coast proposed to be offered, for the information of the House. Guard Service, if application for such benefits is filed with the The Clerk read as follows: Administrator of Veterans' Affairs within 12 months after the pas­ Amendment offered by Mr. HoBBS, from the Committee on the sage of this act: Provided, That the benefits under this act shall Judiciary: On page 2, line 12, after the semicolon in line 12, strike take effect from the date of application, if approved. out "to parts for the repair of farm machinery" and insert "to farm With the following committee amendments: machinery, parts thereof, and binder twine." . Page 1, beginning in line 3, after "1928", strike out the remainder The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consid­ of page 1 and all of line 1 on page 2 and insert the following: eration of the bill? "(Public, No. 506, 70th Cong.), subject to the limitations con­ tained in section 10 of the act of March 20, 1933 (Public, No. 2, Mr. MICHENER. Reserving the right to object, Mr. 73d Cong.), as now or hereafter amended." Speaker, this takes care of the objections raised before the committee as far as certain penal institutions throughout the The committee amendment was agreed to. country were concerned. The bill was ordered to be read a third time, was reatl the Mr. ALEXANDER. I submitted that amendment, and it is third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider was laid agreeable with me that the bill be considered if the amend­ on the table. ment is inserted in the bill. Otherwise, I shall have to object AMENDMENT OF SECTION 3493 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE to the consideration of the bill. The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 10080, to amend sec­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the . present con­ tion 3493 of the Internal Revenue Code, formerly section 404 sideration of the bill? of the Sugar Act of 1937. There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: Be it enacted, etc., That who~ver shall knowingly transport or Be it enacted, etc., That section 3493 of the Internal Revenue Code knowingly cause to be transported in interstate commerce, in any (53 Stat.-, pt. 1) be, and it is hereby, amended to read as follows: manner, or by any means whatsoever, or aid or assist, knowingly, in "SEc. 3493. Exportation. obtaining transportation for or in transporting any goods, wares, "(a) Refund of tax paid: Upon the exportation from the United and merchandise manufactured, produced, or mined, wholly or in States to a foreign country, or the shipment from the United States part by convicts or prisoners (except convicts or prisoners on parole to any possession of the United States except Puerto Rico, of any or probation) or in any penal or reformatory institution, from one manufactured sugar, or any article manufactured wholly or partly State, Territory, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, or District of the United from ~anufactured sugar, with respect to which tax under the States, or place noncontiguous but subject to the jurisdiction provisions of section 3490 has been paid, the amount of such tax thereof, or from any foreign country, into any State, Territory, shall be paid by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue to the con­ Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, or District of the United States, or signor named in the bill of lading under which the article was place noncontiguous but subject to the jurisdiction thereof, shall exported or shipped to a possession, or to the shipper, or to the be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment of manufacturer of the manufactured sugar or of the articles exported, not more than 1 year, or both: Provided, That nothing herein shall if the consignor waives any claim thereto in favor of such shipper apply to commodities manufactured in Federal penal and correc­ or manufacturer: Provided, That no such payment shall be allowed tional institutions for use by the Federal Government or to com­ with respect to any manufactured sugar, or article, upon which, modities manufactured in any State penal or correctional institu­ through substitution or otherwise, a draw-back of any tax paid under tion for use by any other State, or states, or political subdivisions section 3500 has been or is to be claimed under any provisions of thereof; to parts for the repair of farm machinery; or to agricultural law made applicable by section 3501. commodities: Provided further, That this act shall go into effect "(b) Period for filing refund claim: No payment shall be allowed 1 year after its approval by the President. · under this section unless within 2 years after the right to such payment has accrued a claim therefor is filed by the person entitled Mr. HOBBS. Mr. Speaker, I offer an amendment. thereto." The Clerk read as follows: The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, Amendment offered by Mr. HoBBS from the Committee on the Judiciary: On page 2, line 12, after the semicolon in line 12, strike was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ out "to parts for the repair of farm machinery" and insert "to farm sider was laid on the table. machinery, parts therefor, and binder twine." TRANSPORTATION OF CONVICT-MADE GOODS IN INTERSTATE The amendment was agreed to. COMMERCE Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 10101, to make unlaw­ that a similar Senate bill, S. 3550, be substituted for the ful the transportation of convict-made goods in interstate House bill, and that the language of the Senate bill be stricken commerce, and for other purposes. out and the language of the House bill as amended be inserted The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present con­ in lieu thereof. sideration of the bill? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. ALEXANDER. Reserving the right to object, Mr. gentleman from California? Speaker, is the committee going to add the amendment which There was no objection. I submitted last week? The Senate bill was ordered to be read a third time, was Mr. HOBBS. The committee has no power to add an read the third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider amendment to a bill without House action. We are going to was laid on the table. offer it as a committee amendment and urge its passage. A House bill roperty of the deceased from any interference by the authorities no legal represent(ative, partner in trade, or trustee by him ap­ of the country where such citizen died. To this end it shall be the pointed to take care of his personal estate. A consular officer or, d~ty of the consular officer, or, if no consular officer is present, a in his absence, a diplomatic officer shall act as the provisional con­ diplomatic officer, to safeguard the decedent's property by placing servator of the personal property within his jurisdiction of a de­ thereon his official seal and to break and remove such seal only upon ceased citizen of the United States but, unless authorized by treaty the request of the person designated by the deceased to take charge provisions, local law, or usage, he shall not act as administrator of of and manage his property." such personal property. He shall render assistance in guarding, collecting, and transmitting the property to the United States to be Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I offer an amendment. disposed of according to the law of the decedent's domicile. The Clerk read as follows: "Second. After having taken possession of the personal property, Amendment offered by Mr. BLOOM: Strike out all after the enact­ as provisional conservator, to inventory and carefully appraise the ing c}ause and insert the provisions of H. R. 10015, as amended, as effects, article by article, with the assistance of two competent per­ follows: sons who, together with such officer, shall sign the inventory and "That sections 1709, 1710, and 1711 of the Revised Statutes, as annex thereto an appropriate certificate as to the accuracy of the amended (U. S. C., title 22, sees. 75 and 77), are hereby amended to appraised value of each a·rticle. read as follows: "Third. To collect the debts due to the decedent in his jurisdic­ "'1709. It shall be the duty of a consular officer, or, if no consular tion and pay from the estate the obligations owed there by the .officer is present, a diplomatic officer, under such procedural regu­ decedent. lations as the Secretary of State may prescribe-- ''Fourth. To sell at auction, after reasonable public notice, unless "'First. To take possession and to dispose of the personal estate the amount involved does not justify such expenditure, such part left by any citizen of the United States, except a seaman who is a of the estate as shall be of a perishable nature, and such further member ?f the crew of an American vessel, who shall die within or part, if any, as shall be necessary 'for the payment of the decedent's is domiciled at time of death within his jurisdiction: Provided, debts incurred in such country, and funeral expenses, and expenses That such procedure is authorized by treaty provisions or permitted incident to the disposition of the estate. If, at the expiration of 1 by the laws or authorities of the country wherein the death occurs, year from the date of death (or for such additional period as may or the decedent is domiciled, or that such privilege is accorded by be required for final settlement of the estate) , no claimant shall established usage: Provided further, That the decedent shall leave appear, the residue of the estate, with the exception of investments in the country where the death occurred or where he was domiciled of bonds, shares of stocks, notes of indebtedness, jewelry or heir­ no legal representative, partner in trade, or trustee by him ap~ looms, or other articles having a sentimental value, shall be sold. pointed to take care of his personal estate. A consular officer or, in "Fifth. To transmit to the General Accounting Office the proceeds his absence, a diplomatic officer shall act as the provisional conserva­ of the sale (and any unsold effects, such as investments of bonds, tor of the personal property within his jurisdiction of a deceased shares of stocks, notes of indebtedness, jewelry or heirlooms, or other citizen of the United States but, unless authorized by treaty provi­ articles having a sentimental value), there to be held in trust for sions, local law, or usage, he shall not act as administrator Of such the legal claimant. If, however, at any time prior to such trans­ personal property. He shall render assistance in guarding, collect­ mission, the decedent's legal representative should appear and de­ ing, and transmitting the property to the United States to be mand the proceeds and effects in the officer's hands, he shall deliver disposed of according to the law of the decedent's domicile. them to such representative after having collected the prescribed " 'Second. After having taken possession of the personal prop­ ·fee therefor. erty, as provisional conservator, to inventory and carefully appraise "The Comptroller General of the United States, or such member the effects, article by article, with the assistance of two competent of the General Accounting Office as he may duly empower to act • persons who, together with such officer, shall sign the inventory and as his representative for the purpose, shall act as conservator of such annex thereto an appropriate certificate as to the accuracy of the parts of these estates as may be received by the General Accounting appraised value of each article. · · Office or are in its possession, and may, when deemed to be in the " 'Third. To collect the debts due to the decedent in his jurisdic­ interest of the estate, sell such effects, including bonds, shares of tion and pay from the estate the obligations owed there by the stock, notes of indebtedness, jewelry or other articles, which have decedent. heretofore or may hereafter be so received, and pay the expenses " 'Fourth. To sell at auction, after reasonable public notice, of such sale out of the proceeds: Provided, That application for unless the amount involved does not justify such expenditure, such effects shall not have been made by the legal claimant within such part of the estate as shall be of a perishable nature, and after 6 years after their receipt. The Comptroller General is authorized, reasonable public notice and notice to next of kin if they can be for and in behalf of the estate of the deceased, to receive any bal­ ascertained by reasonable diligence such further part, if any, as ances due to such estates, to draw therefor on banks, safe deposits, shall be necessary for the payment of the decedent's debts incurred trust or loan companies, or other like institutions, to endorse all in such country, and funeral expenses, and expenses incident to checks, bills of exchange, promissory notes, and other evidences of the disposition of the estate. If, at the expiration of 1 year from indebtedness due to such estates, and take such other action as may the date of death (or for such additional period as may be required be deemed necessary for the conservation of such estates. The net for final settlement of the estate), no claimant shall appear, the proceeds of such sales, together with such other moneys as may be residue of the estate, with the exception of investments of bonds, collected by him, shall be deposited into the Treasury to a fund in shares of stocks, notes of indebtedness, jewelry or heirlooms, or trust for the legal claimant and reported to the Secretary of State. other articles having a sentimental value, shall be sold. "If no claim to the effects the proceeds of which have been so " 'Fifth. To transmit to the General Accounting Office the pro­ deposited shall have been received from a legal claimant of the ceeds of the sale (and any unsOld effects, such as investment of deceased within 6 years from the date of the receipt of the effects bonds, shares of stocks, notes of indebtedness, jewelry or heirlooms, by the General Accounting Office, the funds so deposited, with any or other articles having a sentimental value), there to be held in remaining unsold effects, less transmittal charges, shall be trans­ trust for the legal claimant. If, however, at any time prior to such mitted by that Office to the proper officer of the State or Territory transmission, the decedent's legal representative should appear and of the last domicile in the United States of the deceased citizen, if demand the proceeds and effects in the officer's hands, he shall known, or, if not, such funds shall be covered into the general fund deliver them to such representative after having collected the pre­ of the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts on account of proceeds of scribed fee therefor. deceased citizens, and any such remaining unsold effects shall be " 'The Comptroller General of the United States, or such member disposed of by the General Accounting Office in such manner as, in of the General Accounting Office as he may duly empower to act as the judgment of the Comptroller General, is deemed appropriate, his representative for the purpose, shall act as conservator of such or they may be destroyed if considered no longer possessed of any parts of these estates as may be received by the General Account­ value: Provided, That when the estate shall be valued in excess of ing Office or are in its possession, and may, when deemed to be in $500, and no claim therefor has been presented to the General the interest of the estate, sell such effects, including bonds, shares Accounting Office by a legal claimant within the period specified in of stock, notes of indebtedness, jewelry, or other articles, which this paragraph or the legal claimant is unknown, before disposition have heretofore or may hereafter be so received, and pay the ex­ of the estate as provided herein, notice shall be given by publishing penses of such sale out of the proceeds: Provided, That application once a week for 4 consecutive weeks in a newspaper published in for such effects shall not have been made by the legal claimant the county of the last-known domicile of the deceased in the within 6 years after their receipt. The Comptroller General is United States, the expense thereof to be deducted from the proceeds authoriZed, for and in behalf of·the estate of the deceased, to re- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9125 ceive any balances due to such estates, to draw therefor on banks, The bill was ordered to be read a third time, was read the safe deposits, trust or loan companies, or other like institutions, to endorse all checks, bills of exchange, promissory notes, and other third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider was laid evidences of indebtedness due to such estates, and take such other on the table. action as may be deemed necessary for the conservation of such SECTION 3709 OF THE REVISED STATUTEf? estates. The net proceeds of such sales, together with such other moneys as may be collected by him, shall be deposited into the The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 10061, to consolidate Treasury to a fund in trust for the legal claimant and reported to certain exceptions to section 3709 of the Revised Statutes and the Secretary of State. to improve the United States Code. " 'If no claim to the effects the proceeds of which have been so deposited shall have been received ftom a legal claimant of the Mr. WOLCO'IT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent deceased within 6 years from the date of the receipt of the effects that this bill be passed over without prejudice. by the General Accounting Office, the funds so deposited, with any The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the remaining unsold effects, less transmittal charges, shall be trans­ mitted by that office to the proper officer of the State or Territory gentleman from Michigan? of the last domicile in the United States of the deceased citizen, if There was no objection. known, or, if not, such funds shall be covered into the general fund of the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts on account of proceeds EXTENSION OF BENEFITS OF UNITED STATES EMPLOYEES' COMPENSA­ of deceased citizens, and any such remaining unsold effects shall TION ACT TO MEMBERS OF TliE OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS AND OF be disposed of by the General Accounting Office in such manner as, THE ENLISTED RESERVE CORPS OF THE ARMY in the judgment of the Comptroller General, is deemed appropriate, The Clerk called the next bill, S. 3131, to extend the benefits or they may be destroyed if considered no longer possessed of any value: Provided, That when the estate shall be valued in excess of the United States Employees' Compensation Act to mem­ of $500, and no claim therefor has been presented to the General bers of the Officers' Reserve Corps and of the Enlisted Accounting Office by a legal claimant within the period specified Reserve Corps of the Army who were physically injured in in this paragraph or the legal claimant is unknown, before disposi­ line of duty while performing active duty or engaged in tion of the estate as provided herein, notice shall be given by pub­ lishing once a week for 4 consecutive weeks in a newspaper pub­ authorized training between dates of February 28, 1925, and lished in the county of the last known domicile of the deceased, July 15, 1939, both inclusive, and for other purposes. in the United States, the expense thereof to be deducted from the Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, proceeds of such estate, and any lawful claim received as the re­ sult of such advertisement shall be adjusted and settled as provided is there anyone here who can explain this bill and why it f<>r herein." should be here? " '1710. For the information of the representative of the de­ Mr. EDMISTON. Mr. Speaker, I do not see tpe gentleman ceased, the consular officer, or, if no consular officer is present, a diplomatic officer, in the settlement of his estate shall immediately from Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN] here. I know something about notify his death in one of the gazettes published in the consUlar the bill as it came before our committee. This bill takes care district, and also to the Secretary of State, that the same may be largely of Air Corps commissioned and noncommissioned offi­ notified in the State to which the deceased belonged; and he shall, cers who, prior to the last National Defense Act, were not as soon as may be, transmit to the Secretary of State an inventory of the effects of the deceased taken as before directed. protected, but are now protected. This puts them under the "'1711. When a citizen of the United States dies in a foreign Federal Employees' Compensation Act and applies to men, for country and leaves, by any lawful testamentary disposition, special instance, who are still living with a broken back or something directions for the custody and management, by the consular officer, or in his absence a diplomatic officer, within whose jurisdiction the of that sort. There are only about eight cases to which the death occurred, of the personal property in the foreign country bill will apply, and they are all Reserve officers or Reserve which he possessed at the time of death, such officer shall, so far noncoms. as the laws of the foreign country permit, strictly observe such Mr. TABER. Why should we have the Employees' Compen­ directions if not contrary to the laws of the United States. If such citizen has named, by any lawful testamentary disposition, any sation Act apply to officers of the Reserve Corps or noncom­ other person than a consular officer or diplomatic officer to take missioned officers of the Reserve Corps? charge of and manage such property, it shall be the duty of the Mr. EDMISTON. Because prior to the passage of the last officer, whenever required by the person so named, to give his official aid in whatever way may 1Je practicable to facilitate the proceedings National Defense Act that was the only Government agency of such person in the lawful execution of his trust, and, so far as under which they could get compensation. They were not the laws of the country or treaty provisions permit, to protect the members of the Army, and until we put this particular clause property of the deceased from any interference by the authorities of the country where such citizen died. To this end it shall be the in the last act that was the only agency from which they could duty of the consular officer, or if no consular officer is present a get relief. diplomatic officer, to safeguard the decedent's property by placing There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: thereon his official seal and to break and remove such seal only upon the request of the person designated by the deceased to take Be it enacted, etc., That where in time of peace any member of the charge of and manage his property.'" Officers' Reserve Corps or of the Enlisted Reserve Corps of the Army was physically injured in line of duty (1) while on active duty, or The amendment was agreed to. (2) while engaged in authorized travel to and from such duty, or (3) while engaged in authori:zed training without pay, or dies or has The bill was ordered to be read a third time, was read the died as the result of such physical injury, where such injury or third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider was laid death occurred between the dates of February 28, 1925, and July 15, on the table. 1939, both inclusive, he or his beneficiary shall be entitled to all the A House bill

"ARTICLE V .waste. The Commission shall, more than 1 month prior to any "The Commission shall elect from its number a chairman and regular meeting of the legislature of any State which is a party vice chairman, and shall appoint, and at its pleasure remove or thereto, present to the Governor of the State its recommenda­ discharge, such officers and legal, clerical, expert, and other assist­ tions relating to enactments to be made by any legislature in ants as may be required to carry the provisions of this compact furthering the intents and purposes of this compact. into effect and shall fix and determine their duties, qualifications, "ARTICLE IX and compensation. It shall adopt a seal and suitable bylaws, and "The Commission may from time to time, after investigation and shall adopt and promulgate rules and regulations for its manage­ after a hearing issue an order or orders upon any municipality, corp­ ment and control. It may establish and maintain one or more oration, person, or other entity discharging sewage or industrial waste offices within the District for the transaction of its business, and into the Ohio River or any other river, stream or water, any part of may meet at any time or place. One or more commissioners from which constitutes any part of the boundary line between any two a majority of the member States shall constitute a quorum for or more of the signatory States, or into any stream any part of the transaction of business. which flows from any portion of one signatory State through any · "The Commission shall sUbmit to the Governor of each State, portion of another signatory State. Any such order or orders may ·at such time as he may request, a budget of its estimated expendi­ prescribe the date on or before which such discharge shall be tures for such period as may be required by the laws of such State wholly or partially discontinued, modified or treated or otherwise for presentation to the legislature thereof. disposed of. The Commission shall give reasonable notice of the "The Commission shall keep accurate books of account, showing time and place of the hearing to the municipality, corporation or 1n full its receipts and disbursements, and said books of account other entity against which such order is proposed. No such order shall be open at any reasonable time to the inspection of such shall go into effect unless and until it receives the assent of at least representatives of the respective signatory States as may be duly ·a majority of the commissioners from each of not less than a ma­ constituted for that purpose. . jority of the signatory States; and no such order upon a munici­ "On or before the first day of December of each year, the Com­ pality, corporation, person or entity in any State shall go into effect mission shall submit to the respective Governors of the signatory unless and until it receives the assent of not less than a majority States a full and complete report of its activities for the preceding of the commissioners from such state. ye~~he commission shall not incur any obligations of any kind prior "It shall be the duty of the municipality, corporation, person to the making of appropriations adequate to meet the same; nor or other entity to comply with any such order issued against it shall the Commission pledge the credit of any of the signatory or him by the Commission, and any court of general jurisdiction or States, except by and with the authority of the legislature thereof. any United States district court in any of the signatory States shall 'have the jurisdiction, by mandamus, injunction, specific perform­ "ARTICLE VI ance or other form of remedy, to enforce any such order against any "It is recognized by the signatory States that no single standard municipality, corporation or other entity domiciled or located within for the treatment of sewage or industrial wastes is applicable in such State or whose discharge of the waste takes place within or all parts of the District due to such variable factors as size, flow, adjoining such State, or against any employe, department or sub­ ·location, character, self-purification, and usage of waters within division of such municipality, corporation, person or other entity·; the District. The guiding principle of this· compact shall be that ·provided, however, such court may review the order and affirm, pollution by sewage or industrial wastes originating within a signa­ reverse or modify the same upon any of the grounds customarily tory State shall not injuriously affect the various uses of the inter- applicable in proceedings for court review of administrative de­ state waters as hereinbefore defined. . cisions. The Commission or, at its request, the Attorney General "All sewaae from municipalities or other political subdivisions, or other law enforcing official, shall have power to institute in public or p;ivate institutions, or corporations, discharged or per­ such court any action for the enforcement of such order. mitted to flow into these portions of the Ohio River and its tribu­ "ARTICLE X tary waters which form boundaries between, or are contig~o'us to, two or more signatory States, or which flow from one signatory "The signatory States agree to appropriate for the salaries, office State into another signatory State, shall be so treated, within a time and other administrative expenses, their proper proportion of the reasonable for the construction of the necessary works, as to provide annual budget as determined by the Commission and approved by for substantially complete removal of settleable solids, and the the Governors of the signatory States, one-half of such amount to removal of not less than 45 percent of the total suspended solids; be prorated among the several States in proportion to their popula­ provided that, in order to protect the public health or to preserve tion within the District· at the last preceding federal census, the the waters for other legitimate purposes, including those specified other half to be prorated in proportion to their land area within in article I , in specific instances such higher degree of treatment the District. shall be used as may be determined to be necessary by the Commis­ "ARTICLE XI sion after investigation, due notice, and hearing. "This compact shall become effective upon ratification by the "All industrial wastes discharged or permitted to flow into the legislatures of a majority of the States located within the District aforesaid waters shall be modified or treated, within a time reason­ and upon approval by the Congress of the United States; and shall able for the construction of the necessary works, in order to protect become effective as to any additional States signing thereafter at the public health or to preserve the waters for other legitimate the time of such signing." purposes, including those ·specified in article I, to such degree as may be determined to be necessary by the Commission after investi­ SEc. 2. Without further submission of said compact, the consent gation, due notice, and hearing. of Congress i& hereby given to the State of Virginia or any other "All sewage or industrial wastes discharged or permitted to flow State with waters in the Ohio River drainage basin, entering into into tributaries of the aforesaid waters situated wholly within one said compact as a signatory State and party in addition to the State shall be treated to that extent, if any, which may be necessary States therein named or any of them. to maintain such waters in a sanitary and satisfactory condition at SEc. 3. The commissioners to represent the United States, as least equal to the condition of the waters of the interstate stream provided in article IV of said compact, shall be appointed by the immediately above the confluence. President. "The Commission is hereby authorized to adopt, pre!)Cribe, and SEc. 4. The right to alter, amend, or repeal the provisions of promulgate rules, regulations, and standards for administering and section 1 is hereby expressly reserved. enforcing the provisions of this article. Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following commit­ "ARTICLE VII tee amendment, which I send to the desk and ask to have "Nothing in this compact shall be construed to limit the powers of any signatory State, or to repeal or prevent the enactment of read. any legislation or the enforcement of any requirement by any The Clerk read as follows: signatory State, imposing additional conditions and restrictions to Committee amendment: Page 12, line 8, after section 3, insert: further lessen or prevent the pollution of waters within its "SEC. 4. Nothing contained in this act or in the compact herein jurisdiction. approved shall be considered as impairing or affecting the sov­ "ARTICLE VIII ereignty of the United States or any of its r~ghts or jurisdictions "The Commission shall conduct a survey of the territory included in and over the area or waters which are the subject of such . within the District, shall study the pollution probleins of the compact." District, and shall make a comprehensive report for the prevention Line 9, page 12, change the figure "4" to the figure "5." or reduction of stream pollution therein. In preparing such report, the Commission shall confer with any national or regional plan­ The committee amendments were agreed to. ning body which may be established, and any department of the The bill, as amended, was ordered to be read a third time, Federal Government authorized to deal with matters relating to the pollution probleins of the District. The Commission shall was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ draft and recommend to the Governors of the various signatory sider laid on the table. States uniform legislation dealing with the pollution of rivers, streams and waters, and other pollution probleins within the COST OF RETURNING REMAINS, ETC., OF UNITED STATES EMPLOYEES District. The Commission shall consult with and advise the DYING ABROAD various States, communities, .municipalities, corporations, persons, Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for · or other entities with regard to particular probleins connected with the pollution of waters, particularly with regard to the construc­ the present consideration of the bill (S. 3899) to defray the tion of plants for the disposal of sewage, industrial and other cost of returning to the United States the remains, families, LXXXVI--574 9130 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 1 and effects of officers and employees dying abroad, and for by the Secretary, for the credit on the books of the said agency to the accounts of the individual Indians concerned. other purposes, which I send to the desk. SEc. 3. FUnds deposited to the credit of the allottees, their heirs, The SPEAKER. Is there objection? or devisees may be used, in the discretion of the Secretary of the There was no objection. Interior, for the acquisition of other lands and improvements now The Clerk read the bill, as follows: in Indian ownership, or the construction of improvements for the allottees, their heirs, or devisees whose lands and improvements are Be it enacted, etc., That in case any civilian officer or employee acquired under the provisions of this act. Lands so acquired shall of the United States dies ( 1) while in a travel status away from be held in the same status as those from which the funds were his official station in the United States or (2) while performing derived. official duties in a Territory or possession of the United States or SEc. 4. The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to per­ in a foreign country or in transit thereto or therefrom, the head of form any and all acts and to prescribe such regulations as may be the department, independent establishment, agency, or federally deemed appropriate to carry out the provisions of this act. owned or controlled corporation, hereinafter called department, in the service of which such officer or employee was engaged, is hereby The bill w~ ordered to be read a third time, was read the authorized, under regulations to be prescribed by the President and third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider was laid except as otherwise provided by law, to pay from the appropriation on the table. available for the activity in which he was engaged- (a) In case of the death of the officer or employee in such travel A House bill

'l'HE STAMP PLAN the present program, to wit, soil and water conservation, Tenth. Provision has also been made for widening the low interest rates, research, rural electrification, home own­ distribution of the surplus products of the farm, both at home ership, and surplus distribution will remain the basic founda­ and abroad, emphasis being placed on widening the distribu­ tion for the future of American agriculture. tion of these commodities and the products thereof among My one message to the American farmer is to stick-stick low-income groups within our own land. to those who are honestly trying to find a solution for this · I am very proud of the fact that the provisions of section great problem. Progress is being made. Six million farmers 32 were worked out by the members of the House Committee are now cooperating voluntarily in the various wings of the on Agriculture, which provides for a direct appropriation of farm program. Operating as a unit this is a mighty army. 30 percent of all tariff collections for the purpose of this sec­ Behind the farm program is more than 50 years of discrimina­ tion. Under this provision, together with supplemental tion. To remove that discrimination ·and thus restore our funds appropriated for the same purpose, the so-called stamp Government to first principles is our primary national duty plan has been put into operation. and is worth the effort of years. This plan has proved both effective and popular. It serves Before you join the anvil chorus ask the farmer if he be­ a three-way purpose: In the first place, it assists in disposing lieves in soil and water conservation, if he believes in the of our surplus products. Second, it tends to furnish addi­ lower interest rates, research, surplus distribution, rural elec­ tional food and clothing for the low-income groups in our land. trification, and marketing agreements. Ask the 6,000,000 And third, it tends to provide further employment. In truth, farmers who are now complying if they wish to repeal all these it stimulates employment in the regular channel of commerce acts and again chase the rainbow. activity. When an additional bale of cotton is grown and I am not afraid of what their answer will be. [Applause.] thus distributed, it furnishes additional employment in the Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. \Vill the gentleman yield? plowing, in the planting, cultivating, and picking of the crop; Mr. JONES of Texas. I yield to the gentleman from also in the ginning, weaving, garment making, and wholesal­ Arizona. ing and retailing of the product that is made therefrom. The Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. In my brief stay in the House same is true of a bushel of wheat, a bushel of corn, or of milk of Representatives I have found no Member who has such a and its products, as well as any other useful commodity that broad view and keen analysis of this whole farm situation as is produced on a surplus basis. has the gentleman who has been addressing us. No Member I am not quite sure but that it would be wise for some of the can surpass him and few equal him in disinterested service work-relief funds to be expended in this way. I am rather to American farmers. [Applause.] impressed with the thought that $100 expended in this fashion Mr. JONES of Texas. I thank the gentleman. would provide more work in the whole field of activity than Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. I mean every word very sin­ would be provided by the use of the same sum in direct work cerely. The best friend which the farmers have in Congress relief. is now facing us in the well of the House. We have listened To make available to our own citizens who need them, food to a masterly address from him. and clothing is one of the fine purposes accomplished in this I want to recall a point or two, referring to No. 6, for activity. The additional work made possible all along the instance, which the gentleman made in regard to water con­ line is an added argument that is irresistible. Counties and servation. Out in the West where he and I come from. cities throughout our country are clamoring for the advan­ where water is life, it is not only a matter of storing it on tages of this ideal method of using the basic wealth of our land. the big waters and little waters of these great river systems · After all our main problem is one of distribution. We have to prevent floods, but a matter of conserving it in surface or mastered the machinery of production to a far greater degree underground reservoirs to make possible the use of this inde­ than we have mastered the machinery of distribution. I have structible element over and over again. We must conserve always felt that in the final analysis there has never been in it and utilize it as if it were lifeblood-and indeed it is very the history of our country an actual surplus. similar to lifeblood. There has never been a bale of cotton produced but that May I ask a question? Is this wiShful thinking on my part somewhere, here or abroad, is a man, woman, or child that or is it possible with the right system that this great, rich needs the clothing which that product makes possible. There country of ours can feed all the American people all they has never been an article of building material manufactured need to eat, and half the world besides, and do it without but that somewhere in this or other lands there is some person grinding down our farm labor? Is there a future for our who needs the shelter that that commodity can furnish. farm people as happy as it is useful? There has never been a bushel of wheat, a bushel of corn, or Mr. JONES of Texas. I agree with the gentleman as to any farm commodity grown by the blessings of Mother Nature the value of water conservation and with all he has stated but that somewhere out yonder under the stars is a hungry in reference to that great western country. In history many mouth that needs to be fed. times the valley of the Nile has been referred to as a rich I have never believed much in the penalty clauses. They country. are temporary expedients. They are used only when two­ There is no spot of its size on earth that is anything like as thirds of the farmers producing a commodity feel that they rich as the valley, the water from which runs into the Missis­ are necessary. In the process of the years we should produce sippi from the various tributary streams that flow into that all that the people of our country can use, as well as all that great river. There are some places in that Great Plains area may be appropriately supplied in the markets of the world. where the soil is approximately 3 feet deep. I know of no Whatever may be necessary to handle the difficulties of the other country, except where the sediment has formed near time the major objective must always be a full supply for the mouth of rivers, where there is anything like the depth every need of the human race. and richness of soil that prevails in that · great western Amid all the divergent opinions, the confusion of sugges­ country. What it needs most is a proper use of the water tions, the wealth, and the multitude of plans we have worked that falls. out a program and are improving it from time to time. This We have for many years treated water as a sort of a curse effort has crossed party lines and found men who were willing instead of a blessing. We tried to get rid of it. We chan­ to submerge themselves in the interest of the cause. neled it to the seas. We built great levees near the mouths WAR CHANGES of rivers and allowed the sediment to build up the bed of the The war may bring vast changes in the trade and market­ river higher than the outside territory, thus complicating ing practices of the world. This may make it necessary to the problem. The soil gets hard out in the Great Plains have drastic changes in the farm program, both as to mar­ areas and when rain comes with a dash, it runs off in these keting and producing. In the light of these rapidly changing streams. That is a tremendous area. I have seen the conditions no one can foretell just what legislation may be Canadian River, for instance, which is nearly dry a good por­ needed. The Congress will pass the requisite legislation to tion of the time in New Mexico and the Panhandle of Texas. fit these conditions when they have become settled. But become such a roaring current that the Santa Fe Railway for whatever changes may be made necessary the essentials of a periocl of 3 days had to cease running its trains through. 9136 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 1 It carried its passengers across on a basket attached to a wire Mr. JONES of Texas. I yield to the gentleman from cable. Those fast California trains would come up to one side Oklahoma. of the stream and the passengers would be carried across by Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. I merely wish to join other these baskets. Members in expressions of admiration and sincere affection I think there is a great chance to develop that country so for the distinguished chairman of the House Committee on that it can feed the Nation by itself. It is a vast reserve of Agriculture. I am sure I express the sentiment of all Mem­ strength for the Nation. bers of this body when I say that no other Member has served [Here the gavel fell.] more devotedly to his duty or has enjoyed a deeper respect Mr. PIERCE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that from his colleagues than the gentleman from Texas, the the gentleman's time may be extended 5 minutes. chairman of the House Committee on Agriculture. [Ap­ The SPEAKER pro· tempore. Is there objection to the plause.] I am sure that all will appreciate his informative request of the gentleman from Oregon [Mr. PIERCE]? and interesting address today. May I add that inasmuch as There was no objection. he is soon to leave this body, where he has served with so Mr. PmRCE. Will the gentleman yield? much distinction, we shall miss him and his wise counsel Mr. JONES of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentle­ very much, and that his promotion to the bench will be an man from Oregon [Mr. PIERCE]. irreparable loss to this House. [Applause.] Mr. PmRCE. Did the gentleman notice that the political Now may I ask the gentleman a question? With reference party meeting in Philadelphia last week resolved that the to the problem of solving the farm surplus, which is un­ control of production should be abolished? doubtedly one of the most serious problems now facing our Mr. JONES of Texas. Yes. farmers, does not the gentleman believe that an extension of Mr. PIERCE. What would be the effect if that policy the operations of the Federal Surplus Commodities Corpora­ was carried out and there was no control of production of tion into every nook and corner of the United States woUld cotton, wheat, and the various articles we have to produce? help solve the problem of surplus farm commodities? Mr. JONES of Texas. There is a great deal of speculation Mr. JONES of Texas. I believe they do a very valuable as to what would be the result if industry, having control, con­ work in preventing price collapses. Otherwise, when there trolled its output, and agriculture makes no effort to pro- are overwhelming surpluses, the price simply sinks to ruinous . vide a method of doing so in an emergency. I have always levels. felt that the other program, properly safeguarded, would [Here the gavel fell.] largely remedy the situation and control was only placed in Mr. MASSINGALE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent the bill as a last emergency when surplus piled up to where that the gentleman be permitted to speak for 2 additional they could not be properly handled. The difficUlty of not minutes. having some machinery for control of surpluses is that they The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the get completely out of hand. request of the gentleman from Oklahoma? Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. Our critics have condemned us There was no objection. severely, and I believe unjustly, for what they charge as Mr. MASSINGALE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? "paying farmers for keeping land out of cultivation." The Mr. JONES of Texas. I yield to the gentleman from gentleman envisions a brighter and better future for Ameri­ Oklahoma. can agriculture. This system which he supports, with its Mr. MASSINGALE. I am very fond of the chairman of controls, is by no means an economy of scarcity, is it? The the Committee on Agriculture, and I know of his sincere work gentleman does not contemplate what would really be a in behalf of the agricultural classes of the country, but, inas­ policy of restriction on agricultural productivity, does he? much as the gentleman figures on retiring from his Ieg"isla­ Mr. JONES of Texas. On the other hand, by linking it tive career, I should like to know just why he has not been with storage reserves it assures against shortage. I never able to bring his committee around to the point where they have believed in the philosophy of scarcity. I believe we woUld agree that there should be price :fixing for the essential should grow all that the market both at home and abroad farm commodities produced in America and consumed in will absorb. But as long as industry has a method of regu­ America, so there would be some real security to farm life in lating its production, I do not see why the farmer should not the United States. have the privilege of doing that in emergency. It can onlY Mr. JONES of Texas. I should like to take 2 or 3 minutes be done on vote of two-thirds of the farmers. to discuss that question. I do not know whether or not the The law does not provide for pay for keeping land out of gentleman was here when I discussed it briefly a while ago. cultivation. It provides pay for soil conservation. In order It is not a simple matter to have price :fixing. This remedy to prevent the one-crop system, it conditions those payments may be finally necessary, but it is a very far-reaching step. on not putting too much land in any one crop. It would be difficult to tell where to stop. There are many Mr. PIERCE. Is it not more necessary now in the face of commodities involved. It would be necessary to have pen­ our lost foreign markets than ever before? alties against the paying of different prices, or at least the Mr. JONES of Texas. I do not believe anybody can fore­ paying of a less price. It would be absolutely necessary, in my cast the future, because you cannot forecast conditions. The judgment, if you had price :fixing to have an allotment to the whole world picture is changing so rapidly that it is pretty individual farm or farmer, otherwise :the suitcase farmer and difficult to make any predictions. the mechanized farmer would run away with the ball. Mr. PmRCE. May I say to the gentleman that I have I believe in a higher price for farm commodities, but one of served 8 years on the Committee on Agriculture with its the difficulties in all the nations of the world has been that chairman, the gentleman from Texas [Mr. JoNEs], and I wish land speculation comes in and eats up much of the profits of to say that the farmers of America owe him a debt of grati­ the farmers. There are people with money who can get tude that they can never pay. control. People who have had a hard time, when prices get Mr. JONES of Texas. I appreciate the gentleman's state­ good and the price of land sometimes goes up, do sell out, and ment. large land holdings develop. For that reason, if we are going [Here the gavel fell.] to. have such a system, if it should ever become necessary, it Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ would be necessary to have a limitation on the amount that mous consent that the gentleman be permitted to proceed anyone may produce for the home market, and also a land for 2 additional minutes. program in connection with it. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the There are 200 farm commodities. It is difficult to draw a request of the gentleman from Oklahoma? dividing line among them. Then, it will be difficult to stop There was no objection. there because a great many producers of industrial products Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ will want their prices fixed. I do not know whether a price­ man yield? fixing economy will work ou~ completely. I know that in 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9137 many instances where they have tried price fixing it has The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the not worked out to the final benefit of the people. Competing request of the gentleman from Oregon? fabrics and products made the field. Also the genius of man There was no objection. invents substitutes and synthetic commodities. It is difficult POTOMAC VALLEY CONSERVANCY DISTRICT to force buying. We fixed the railway rates, for instance, and Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous the railways are nearly all broke. It was fine as long as they coru;ent for the present consideration of the joint resolution had a monopoly, but their competitors have come in and