34874 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 ment of the President of the ; to the Committee on :::nterior and Insular monwealth of , relative to the to the Committee on the Judiciary. Affairs. Charles River watershed proposal of the Army By Mr. REUSS: Corps of Engineers; to the Committee on H.R. 11073. A bill for the relief of Grace Public Works. Nien-Tsu Yu; to the Committee on the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, privaJte PETITIONS, ETC. bills and resolutions were introduced and MEMORIALS Under clause 1 of rule XXII, severally referred as follows: 331. The SPEAKER presented a petition of By Mr. FREY: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, Milton Mayer, , N.Y., relative to H.R. 11072. A bill for the rellef of South 321. The SPEAKER presented a memorial redress of grievances; to the Committee on Council, Inc., Boy Scouts of America; of the House of Representatives of the Com- the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

MARVIN JONES MEMOIRS men in history to hold top jobs in all three it for six months and then be confirmed to branches of the federal governm ..mt. any other position. In a book newly published by the "He laughed again and said, 'You can'," Western Press at the University of Texas­ Jones relates. HON. GEORGE H. MAHON El Paso, Jones tells his story in a folksy For the remainder of the war, Jones wa.s OF TEXAS manner. the dom.lna.nt voice in allocating food to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He calls the book simply, "Marvin Jones armed forces, the civ111an population and to Memoirs." It is filled with anecdotes and our primary allies. Tuesday, October 23, 1973 personal bits of philosophy with which the In an appendix to the book, editor Joseph Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, one of the West TeX'S.S reader can easlly identify. M. Ray notes that "one technique Marvin most distinguished Americans of this Jones did, indeed, go to Congress. He Jones mastered (whlle in Congress) might served the Panhandle-Plains area from 1917 be termed 'dealing from strength'." century is Judge Marvin Jones, who to 1941 and was chairman of the House Agri­ In one such instance, Jones ran into a served 24 years in Congress, from 1917 culture Committee when the New Deal record bureaucratic stone wall with regard to the to 1941. of farm legislation was written. special problems of dealing w1h wind ero­ The Texas Western Press of the Un1- During the war, Jones strved as War Food sion. versity of Texas at El Paso has pe~ormed Administration, earning a "You did a great He won his point by holding up the annual a :fine public service in publishing a few job, Marvin" from President Franklin D. appropriation for any Soil Conservation untll weeks ago the memoirs of this outstand­ Roosevelt. the bureaucracy saw the light. Jones was appointed chief judge of the Jones' book is filled with anecdotes, some ing government leader, who h~s devoted U.S. Court of Claims in 1947 and became a at his own expense as when he asked another more than half a century to public Senior Judge of U.S. Courts upon his partial Congressman to agree that his hat "makes me service. retirement in 1964. look like a statesman." Elected to Congress from the Amarillo, Th~rough it all, he carried with him the "No, I wouldn't quite say that," came the Tex. district, Judge Jones served in the phllosophy that "it's all right to dream if reply. "It goes as far as a hat can." Hou~e of Representatives with distinction you don't go to sleep." until he resigned to take a position as Among those who gave the young Con­ Judge of the u.s. court of Claims in 1941. gressman good advice during his early years BUYERS OBJECT TO BUCKLING UP As a Congressman he wrote a record of in was John Nance Garner. ''He advised me to be careful of what I achievement in the :field of agriculture placed 1r.. the Congressional Record the first HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS without parallel in the history of this two or three years," Jones writes. "He told country, serving as chairman of the me a man is not beaten on what he does not OF House Committee on Agriculture from say." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1931 until his resignation from Congress. Jones got favorable response, though, to a Tuesday, October 23, 1973 In 1943 Marvin Jones became Assistant speech he made in 1919 about a move advo­ Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, auto sales­ Director of Stabilization and later that cating use of the bomb and torch to achieve social and political reform. men in my western Pennsylvania district year War Food Administrator, a position He suggested that those who preached report a strong and bitter customer oppo­ which he held until the end of World War violent resolution be deported to remote sition to the federally regulated seat­ n. Judge Jones enjoys the distinction of islands to try out "their absurd doctrines on belt, shoulder-harness combination sys­ being one of a very few U.S. citizens to one another." tem which is mandatory on the 197~ have served in a high-level position in During the first 100 days of the Roosevelt Administration, Jones recalls, he handled models. all three branches of the Government. The objection is to the fact that the Serving from 1947 to 1964 as chief more major bills in their passage through Congress than did any other member. harnesses must be buckled up completely judge of the U.S. Court of Claims, Marvin "These included the Agricultural Adjust­ before the new cars can be started. The Jones has been a sen1or judge of the U.S. ment and Soil Conservation Act, the act for people, according to the salesmen, do not courts since that time. He divides his Refinancing of Farm Mortgages, the Farm like this. Indeed some fear it, citing the time between his old hometown, Ama­ Credit Administration Act and the measure possibility of being trapped if the rillo, Tex., and Washington, D.C., where reducing the gold content of the dollar," he apparatus fails. he maintains an office at the Court of points out. During that time, too, he was instrumental I know the safety experts who dictated Claims, 717 Madison Place, NW. this regulation have good reasons to be­ Friends of Judge Marvin Jones and in getting a number of regional governmental offices ~eadquartered in Amarillo. lieve that seat and shoulder belts can students of the history of this century will Jones became a favorite of President save lives by holding a person in place be interested in his colorful memoirs. The Roosevelt's, who appointed him to the U.S. and keeping him from being thrown following is a captivating column about Court of Claims in 1940. Early in World War against the windshield or out of the car Judge Jones which appeared in the Ava­ II, though, he was asked to become assistant in case of a crash. But the complaints in lanche-Journal newspaper of Lubbock, to James F. Byrnes, the Director of Stabiliza­ the auto showrooms, the salesmen say, Tex., on September 18, 1973. tion. Then, in 1943, Roosevelt summoned Jones. go beyond this theory and into the realm ONE MAN'S OPINION "The President called me to say he was of individual liberty. (By Kennet:!:l May) appointing a new United states War Food "People just do not like to buckle up, AB a small schoolboy, Judge Marvin Jones Administrator, adding facetiously that the and we are the first to know about it,'' of Amarlllo recalls, he walked across a. pas­ choice was between Herbert Hoover and me," salesman Jerry Nuzum told William ture of a field where some of his brothers Jones writes. Allan, Pittsburgh Press features editor, and sisters were working. "I responded that Mr. Hoover had had a lot of experience. He (the President) laughed who investigated the matter. "My brother Hub asked me where I was "Everyone wants to know how get going and I replled, 'I am going to Congress'. and said that I must take it," Jones adds. to They made quite a joke of it," Jones writes "He suggested that I should resign and around them,'' Joe Mazza, a sales man­ in his memoirs. that he would later reappoint me to the place ager, added and then summed up the "Brother Hub" is Hub Jones of Lubbock I then held or a better one. I said the way public reaction to the belt system as and Judge Marvin Jones is one of the few he had the food job set up, no man could hold "terrible!" October 23, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34875 Jim Stockton, another salesman, told quility without reasonable assurance of few psychological benefits to black children Mr. Allan that more complaints can be success has to be highly questionable. and may infiict harmful psychological con­ expected once the new car purchasers I include for the REcoRD the column sequences upon them." find (3) Improved Race Relations: "In sum­ "really there is nothing they can do" of Kevin P. Phillips: mary, the busing studies available demon­ about the belts. [From the Chattanooga News-Free Press, strate rather conclusively that busing for It seems to me that, in this regulation, Oct. 17, 1973] racial integration has produced little or no the power of Government indeed has FORCE BUSING Is IIXNDERING RATHER THAN improvement in race relations. In fact, the moved, perhaps unwittingly, into an area HELPING BLACKS results appear to be to the contrary. In Ann of the citizen's inherent rights. Seat and (By Kevin P. Phlliips) Arbor and Riverside, interracial peer ac­ shoulder belts may be fine protections for ceptance declined. In Boston, busing height­ WASHINGTON.-When the U.S. Supreme ened racial consciousness and encouraged the motorist. But they are effective only Court takes up as it soon must, the ques­ when a crash occurs and thus serve no separatist ideologies. In Buffalo, Evanston tion of school busing, each Justice ought to and Rochester, disciplinary problems, fre­ purpose in increasing traffic safety gen­ be required to read-ten times if necessary­ quently with racial overtones, threatened an incredibly good socio-legal analysis pub­ erally, or in reducing the public peril. termination of the busing programs. In no They apply only to the individual and to lished in the University Law Journal city did busing appear to increase interracial compel him to use them by attaching for May, 1973. I have just read it myself for the first contact or better racial understanding." them to his car's ignition system, and time, and it is a. bomb. It ought to be ex.t. There is still some reason for hope. Leech making it a punishable crime to unhook cerpted and reprinted wherever common cites the Mapp case (Chattanooga, Tenn.) as them, is for Government to assume the sense stlli prevails in this land, because it an example where the U.S. Appeals Court "Big Brother" role. shatters the whole legal concept of busing, weighed the new sociological evidence and "Big Brother" may know best in this using exactly the criteria promulgated by found that "induced busing" would have matter and have surveys to support the liberals in support of the idea. an adverse effect on educational achievement One column is not enought to do justice and race relations. This is consistent with view. But we remain a nation of some the Swann case, which left the door open rugged individualism and there are to Jeffrey J. Leech's article, but I shall try. His theme is simple: that busing has slowly to antibusing findings where busing would bound to be millions of our citizens who developed as the judiciary's method of carry­ "significantly impinge on the educational will resent this, and many are already ing out the basic sociology of the orginal process." Therein lies the hope: that the expressing their resentment in the auto 1954 school desegregation case, namely that Nine Justices of the High Court will read salesrooms. They are willing to obey separate education generated inferiority in the wisdom of Mapp and the wisdom of Leech orders to protect others. But they still black students and otherwise impaired their and, having done so, will use new sociology think they should make the decisions educational and mental development. Ulti­ to redress the injury of the old. necessary to protect themselves. mately, in the 1971 Swann {Charlotte, N.C.) case, the Supreme Court approved busing as Our Nation has attempted in other a legitimate tool to "desegregate" and there­ A LETI'ER FROM EUROPE matters to regulate the individual in his by ameliorate the educational and psycholog­ own personal interest. Prohibition had ical burdens of black children. this objective even though a part of the What Leech has done is brilliantly simple. HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST liquor bahas thought to be in the public He has studied all available surveys of the OF VmGINIA interest because of the public effects of impact of busing in cities that have it, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his research assembles a stunning array of drunkenness. But in every instance where Tuesday, October 23, 1973 large numers of individuals concluded "current sociological evidence which indi­ that Government rules were a trespass on cates that busing to achieve integration may Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, in fact produce no educational gains, may one of my young constituents, who is their individual rights, these rules have hinder the psychological development of been circumvented and, in time, grossly black children, and may intensify racial mis­ currently studying in Europe, recently violated. The new seat and shoulder har­ understanding." wrote an article for the Alternative, en­ ness regulation appears headed for this His sociological research emphasizes three titled "A Letter from Europe." In this kind of result--another widespread categories of busing impact: (1) on achieve­ article, Mr. Christopher Hughes offers breach of law-and, because of it, I feel ment levels; (2) on the psychology of black his own reactions and some selections our safety experts had better reconsider youngsters; and (3) on improved race rela­ from the European press on issues cur­ the matter now in all its aspects and not tions. Each analysis is devastating in its rently confronting our Nation. I believe documentation, but space allows only the that the thoughts presented in this only in the light of what they think is summaries: something needed to force us as individ­ (1) Achievement levels: In ten cities, six article merit the attention of my col­ uals to protect ourselves. I respect the show mixed or inconclusive results (Sacra­ leagues, and I am consequently inserting individual's right to make his own choice. mento, Hartford, Rochester, Buffalo, Evans­ "A Letter from Europe" in the RECORD As for myself, I will continue to buckle ton, White Plains) and four show either for their consideration: up. losses or no significant gains (Ann Arbor, A LETTER FROM EUROPE Berkeley, Boston, Riverside). "In every city (By Chris Hughes) studied, busing failed to reduce the gap be­ FORCED BUSING IS HINDERING tween black and white achievement. In fact, Having grown up in Europe as a mllitary RATHER THAN HELPING BLACKS most cities reported that the achievement brat during the late sixties, when a dollar gap had grown even larger after busing. was stlli what our own hordes of U.S. tourists Scholars who have reviewed the evidence, used to call "real money"; when it was stlli including Armor, Bell, Edmonds, Glazier and financially feasible (and socially chic) to HON. LAMAR BAKER blitz Europe on $5 a day, or in assembly-line OF St. John, have concluded that busing has little if any effect on the academic achieve­ tours for quick lunch-counter intellectualiz­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment of either black or white children. Thus, ing; my recent return to Europe, as a college Tuesday, October 23, 197 3 the most recent sociological evidence fails to student, has brought me to a rude awaken­ contlrm a basic premise underlying the ra­ ing. America is no longer regarded as the Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, in represent­ tionale for court-ordered busing, i.e.. that towering paragon of uncontested strength. ing the Chattanooga, Tenn., area, the in­ it wlll positively affect the academic per­ To the contrary, our international credi­ terests of our citizens becomes a concern formance of minority children." bllity has now been seriously eroded, and in the light of a recent syndicated col­ (2) Psychological effects: "In summary, re­ our international stature and prestige have umn by Kevin Phillips. The vast major­ searchers have found that busing for racial declined accordingly. ity of my constituents are concerned integration significantly lowered black stu­ I left the United States for Europe in dents' educational aspirations in Ann Arbor January of this year, after having worked in about quality education more than any and Boston, the only two cities which stud­ the national election for the Republican facet of the busing controversy. Most ied this problem. At the same tl.m.e, the ticket. Nixon's overwhelming victory, I be­ would endure the gross inconvenience in academic self-concepts of black students lieved, apparently like many others, was racial assignment if it was doing any were significantly lowered in Boston and a popular mandate to reverse the trend of good educationally. We have had good Evanston, raised in Ann Arbor (males) and the New Deal-Great Society philosophy relations between the races and have not significantly altered in Ann Arbor (fe­ which for so long had prevailed in Wash­ made great strides in establishing a cli­ males), New Haven and Riverside. Viewing ington, D.C. But then the Watergate affair mate of cooperation among all our peo­ this evidence in its most farvorable light, broke. busing for racial integration would appear I have had to rely on European press cover­ ple. I contend for opportunity for every to lower black students' educational aspira­ age of the Watergate for most of my informa­ citizen regardless of race, creed, color, or tions and have no consistent effect on their tion, coverage which has not always illus­ national origin. To expend money and academic self-concepts.... The evidence trated a terribly astute awareness and un­ energies at this risk of community tran- reveals that the busing experience imports derstanding of our political process. None- 34876 EXTENS19NS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 theless, European attitudes and interpreta­ embargo did force the Europeans to realize misgivings. For the Europeans, therefore, tions of this event are st111 very important that the Americans were not only wllling to Nixon's attempt to put Watergate behind because of the far-reaching implications close down their market to them without him is being applauded so that he can direct which could develop in Euro-American rela­ warning, but that the Europeans themselves his attention to these many problems. And, tions. were to become the first victims of the newly looking in from the outside. I too believe it In Paris, where I had been attending the established detente. A major factor in the would be wise to allow our judicial process Sorbonne University, one of France's most scarcity of agricultural products, of course, to take over Watergate so that the coun­ highly respected and widely read newspapers, had been the U.S. decision to sell grain and try's leadership can direct its attention to Le Figaro, argued that the Watergate hear­ corn to the communist giants, irrespective of issues which may well determine the course ings have been turned into a Disneyland for European needs and the traditional transat­ of future history. lawyers and that those (Senators and com­ lantic ties. mittee staffers) who have allowed the hear­ Thus, there is unrest among the European ings to flounder into ridiculousness are nations. They are concerned about the weak­ forgetting that not only is the President ness of the U.S. dollar, U.S. disregard for its THE NOMINATION OF himself a lawyer, but that he is, in fact, allies, and the pace of Mr. Nixon's moves to­ AS VICE PRESIDENT one of the country's best. Le Figaro also ward detente with the Soviets. Of particular defended the President's refusal to release concern for the Europeans is whether a the White House tapes carte blanche, and "Watergate-weakened" White House can re­ argued that without such privilege no gov­ sist congressional pressures to unilaterally HON. KEITH G. SEBELIUS ernment is possible. The newspaper further reduce U.S. troop strength in Europe. OF Recent reports that the United States is stated that "in standing fast he [Nixon] IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is defending the integrity of the Presidency about to announce formal diplomatic recog­ itself. The time will come when the versatile nition of East Germany may not be surpris­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 ing to the governments of Western Europe, American democracy wlll be grateful to him Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Speaker, a few for this." but it has surprised many private citizens. Although reaction elsewhere in Europe has Further, the United States' willingness to give days ago, in the newsletter I regularly not always been that abiding, Europeans are the Soviets whatever help they need to sta­ send to the people in my congressional most concerned about what they feel has bilize their economy (which in turn permits district, I made several comments re­ been a decline of confidence on the part of the Soviets to channel their resources into garding the nomination of Congressman the military realm), has also raised doubts in the American public in its leadership. Eng­ GERALD FORD as Vice President and I land's liberal newspaper, The Guardian, ex­ European minds about American reliab111ty. would like to share them with my col­ pressed a fairly common European reaction These doubts have been further compounded leagues: to the Watergate hearings when it charged by the recent report in Jane's Fighting Ships, that the Watergate committee was somewhat the world's most authoritative annual study Since attending the White House cere­ reminiscent of the McCarthy hearings of the on the world's military navies. The 1972-73 monies involving the nomination of a new fifties. One of Europe's most conservative edition of Jane's reported that the Soviet Vice President, I have been doing quite a bit newspapers, Rome's Il Tempo, argued more navy has made (and is continuing to make) of thinking and I would like to share a few provocatively and lashed out at senator Er­ "staggering advances," and that the U.S. navy personal throughts with you. vin's committee, charging that the hearings has now been relegated to second position (to My experience within the Kansas State seemed to be a colossal machination aimed the Soviets) among the globe's naval pow­ senate in some ways led me to eook at gov­ at undermining both Nixon and Nixon policy. ers-no slight task for what has been histori­ ernment and public service through rose One of the most revealing observations on cally a land locked bear. colored glasses. Within the Kansas legisla­ this issue, however, came from the German These events have produced an ~ssess­ ture, I never once questioned whether or not political weekly Die Zeit. Discussing what it ment which is gaining increasing acceptance government could be responsive to the needs called the decline in presidential power 'S.nd in Europe and which was recently expressed of the individual citizen. That we could find a catharsis for the United States, Die Zeit by the London Daily Mail. Arguing that the answers to our problems in Kansas was as­ also pointed out that probably no American United States is sick of foreign wars and sumed; where there was a will there was a administration wlll be interested in foreign responsib111ties, the Daily Mail commented: way. Since coming to Congress, I confess my policy to the extent of the Nixon Administra­ "More and more Americans are saying, What staff and I have been most frustrated in try­ tion. Thus it concluded, "particularly for does it matter to us if the whole of Southeast ing to make "big government" more respon­ Europeans, the Nixon-Klssinger team is an Asia goes Communist? Is it worth risking a sive to the needs of citizens in our rural optimum and is absolutely irreplaceable." single GI for Cambodia? Wlll we live to hear areas. It has been an uphlll battle and get­ Europe, in short, is concerned with the in­ Americans ask whether it is worth risking a ting steeper all the way. ternational implications emanating from single American life for Britain? ... Now that Last week, the President invited and solic­ Watergate. the Watergate comedy show is switched off ited suggestions for nominees for the office 1973 was designated the "Year of Europe" of Vice President. My single suggestion, along for a moment, you can just hear the Kremlin with those of many others, was hand deliv­ by the Nixon Administration. The United purring as it prepares to lap up the cream." States and its European allies were expected ered to the White House. I felt that with The impact of recent events has, then, this nomination, somehow, someway, integ­ to rejuvenate Europe's postwar Atlantic al­ not been lost on those who fear the possible liance system as a solid basis for the upcom­ rity and faith in government must be re­ "Finlandizing" of Western Europe. As one stored. I felt that at this very difficult time ing fall negotiations, on mutual and bal­ commentator in Europe observed " 'Finland­ anced force reductions in Europe (MBFR) , in our nation's history we needed a man of tzation' of Europe would (perhaps) mean no unquestioned integrity and, just as impor­ between the NATO countries, the Soviet basic change in the social order, but there Union, and its Warsaw Pact allies. But al­ tant, a man whose experience would enable would be no American troops in Europe and all of us to work together to once again make though some low-keyed transatlantic talks NATO would be dissolved. Western European are underway between the United States and government a partnership with people. I governments would be so weak as a result suggested JERRY FoRD. its European allies to establish a common that they would be forced to coordinate their front for the fall conference, the common po­ Hopefully, this nomination will help to foreign policies with the Kremlin. This is not heal the divisions that have developed and litical purpose of the West, as well as the a very promising prospect." social and economic compatib111ty of the grown too wide between the executive and Although the President's calendar of events the legislative branches of government. I United States and Europe, has been severely has not been firmly established yet, it is al­ strained in recent months. have worked with JERRY FoRD ever since The European concern over present and ready quite clear that the President wlll be coming to the Congress. He is not flamboy­ future U.S. economic and defense policies cautiously received in Europe. Unless very ant, he is not a charismatic man, he wlll not has arisen because of two dollar devaluations intensive preliminary work is done before seek the spotlight of publicity and he is not in short succession, the continuing erratic Nixon's visit, the Administration's attempt to polltically ambitious. My observation of JERRY FoRD is that he is an expert at getting behavior of the dollar on the international revitalize Euro-American relations and to produce some very tangible political returns, along with people and in bringing folks of money exchanges (which is both a symptom differing views together behind a compromis­ and a cause of the uncertainty in Euro Amer­ as well as trade and monetary reforms, could ing position. Most important, he knows how ican relations), as well as the imposition of fall far short of its goal. to make government work for people. agricultural export restrictions. Europeans Unfortunately, not even these many events Perhaps it was because I was privileged to reacted particularly sensitively to the agri­ seem to startle the Europeans out of their be part of a moment in history, but !or the cultural embargo of soybeans and one French atavistic resentment and mutual suspicions first time since serving in the Kansas legis­ newspaper asserted that the embargo was of each other. Thus the transatlantic alllance lature, I feel as if we can begin to build anew deliberately aimed at Europe's Achllles' ten­ and the very nature of the international sys­ a working and effective partnership between don (its lack of resources), to demonstrate tem is in question and, for the western the federal government and the citizens of U.S. power over Europe. If nothing else, the alliance at least, there 1s need for serious the "Big First" district. October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34877 ALBERT HOPES TO STAY IN HOUSE Washington, and a son, 18, who is a. freshman to train the retarded as well as repair at Harvard. and maintain the association's facilities. Albert got his chance to come to Congress in 1946 when the incumbent congressman de­ Labor organizations also gave talents HON. JOHN J. McFALL cided the night before the filing deadline and funds. Local businesses and indus­ OF not to run for reelection. Albert raced to tries lent trained management specialists IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES City to beat the deadline and to aid the association in solving many of plunged into a. campaign against three other its problems, both financial and adminis­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 candidates in the Democratic primary. He trative. won by 359 votes and hasn't had any trou­ Last year, the budget was in excess of Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, there is a ble being elected since. A fellow freshman in plaque in the Speaker's lobby which, as the class that entered Congress that year was $26,500. The association now owns a a reference to past Speakers, reads . school and recreational facilities; em­ "Speakers of the House of Represent­ Even before he was elected, Albert had ploys a full time executive director who atives, chosen by the people, honored by formed a friendship with the late Speaker oversees the entire operation; maintains the preferment of their associates, these Sam Rayburn, whose Texas district bordered a halfway house for retarded adults plus makers of history are memorialized as a Albert's, and Rayburn took the eager young a staff of specialists to aid retarded citi­ tribute of their worth to the Nation." It is Oklahoman under his wing. In 1954 he made zens. It is my contention that the spirit Albert the Democratic whip and in 1961, that motivated these people to form the a source of comfort in these trying times when Rayburn died, Albert moved up to ma­ to know this tradition of greatness 1s jority leader. association and the manner in which the being continued by the distinguished He achieved his goal of speaker when John community supports it represents Amer­ gentleman from Oklahoma, the Honor­ McCormack retired in 1970. icanism in its :finest and most typical able CARL ALBERT. In the past few weeks Mter a. shaky start in the last Congress, spirit. Speaker ALBERT has, again, demonstrated Albert has succeeded in welding the House The association has become an old and insight, courage, and plain commonsense Democrats into a. more effective majority and respected member of the Greater Lowell has led a reform movement that has brought community. I congratulate them on their in his actions relating to the conduct of him more power than any speaker has en­ the House. These actions truly justify joyed since "Czar" Joe Cannon did in the fine record on this their 20th anniversary, the continued preferment of his associ­ early 1900s. and hope that the association will con­ ates, and, I might add, their sincere tinue to ably serve the citizens of this gratitude. area for years to come. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to include in GREATER LOWELL ASSOCIATION my remarks an article about Speaker FOR RETARDED CITIZENS CELE­ ALBERT which recently appeared in the BRATES 20TH ANNIVERSARY WILLIE MAYS Boston Globe: [From the Boston Evening Globe, Oct. 11, HON. WALTER FLOWERS 1973] HON. PAUL W. CRONIN OF ALBERT HOPES To STAY IN HOUSE OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON.-Until President Nixon picks IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, October 23, 1973 a vice president and has his choice con­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 firmed by Congress, the next 1n line for the Mr. FLOWERS. Mr. Speaker, when the Presidency will be a man who already has Mr. CRONIN. Mr. Speaker, on Novem­ 1973 baseball season ended in Oakland a job he likes better. ber 9, 1973, the Greater Lowell Associa­ on Sunday, it also marked the conclu­ Carl Albert wanted to be Speaker of the tion for Retarded Citizens will celebrate House of Representatives from the day he en­ sion of the active career of one of the tered Congress in 1947, and when he made it their 20th anniversary of service to the game's most colorful players-Willie in 1971 he declared his highest political am­ Greater Lowell community embracing Mays. After 22 seasons, the "Say Hey bition had been achieved. the towns of Groton, Pepperell, Town­ Kid" has hung up his glove at age 42. Any disclaimer of interest in being Presi­ send, Billerica, Tyngsboro, Tewksbury, Willie Mays was an enthusiastic ball­ dent by a politician is usually regarded with Chelmsford, and Wilmington. player and the spirit he aroused in his skepticism, but in Albert's case there is no The beginnings of this organization teammates is the real meaning of base­ reason to doubt it. were humble. Concerned because there For one thing, at age 65 there is little ball. His retirement brings to a close an likelihood of his being nominated by the was no local aid for parents of retarded era of baseball the likes of which we will Democrats-unless, of course, he should children or for the retarded themselves, probably never see again. succeed to the office while a replacement for about a dozen parents met in Lowell to Born in Westfield, Ala., on May 6, Spiro T. Agnew is being found. organize. With the aid of a local legis­ 1931, Willie was raised in nearby Fair­ But more importantly, Albert seems gen­ lator to guide them in organizing, these field in my congressional district. He was uinely convinced that the House of Rep­ people undertook the task of bringing already a regular in left field for the resentatives, as the branch of government hope, understanding, and dignity into Birmingham Black Barons in 1950 when closest to the people, is the ideal place for the lives of the retarded. Today, thanks a public servant to be, and that the head the New York Giants acquired him at man of the House has the ideal job. to the work of these organizers, the re­ age 19. Albert formed his opinion about the House tarded citizens of this community can He played one full season and a por­ as a schoolboy in the tiny southeastern look forward to specialized training that tion of another in the minors before Oklahoma town of Bug Tussle. The area's enables them to realize their entire po­ being called up by the Giants just 19 Congressman visited the two-room school­ tential as citizens with occupations that days after his 20th birthday. The stories house one day and his talk about Congress fully utilize their capabilities. of the exploits and achievements of Wil­ and Washington fired the imagination of the One year after they organized, the lie Mays are many. It is interesting to Uttle barefoot boy, who even now stands only 5 feet, 4 inches tall with his shoes on. president of the association presented a note that his first hit in the majors was Albert went on to an outstanding scho­ modest budget to the members-$2,910. a homerun over the left field roof in the lastic career, winning election to Phi Beta It covered a salary for a teacher one Polo Grounds. He went on to hit 19 more Kappa. at the University of Oklahoma and afternoon a week, supplies, summer homers that first year and was named later gaining a. Rhodes scholarship that saw camp fees, a speech therapist, and a National League Rookie of the Year. him through three years and two law degrees small scholarship for a promising student To list all of Willie Mays' career fig­ at Oxford University, England. to take courses to help train the retarded. ures would take many pages. His name He returned to the US in the midst of the Slowly, over the years, help arrived in appears often in the record books of Depression and had to put aside his political ambitions to make a. living, first as an office many forms. One anonymous donor con­ baseball. But these facts and figures do clerk in Oklahoma City and then as a lawyer tributed two shares of mM stock which not tell the whole story. They cannot for an oil company. was quickly converted to cash. Religious, tell you about the type of player Willie Whlle serving as a legal officer during civic, and fraternal organizations rallied was and the many hours of enjoyment World War II, he met and married a. pretty to give support in time, skills, and money. and pleasure he gave the fans. Those of Pentagon clerk named Mary Harmon. They Students from local colleges and high us who grew up watching and listening have a daughter, 25, who teaches school in schools volunteered time and skills both to the game of baseball as played by CXIX--2198--Pa.rt 27 34878 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 Willie Mays can truly say we saw a great 7 years, advancing to assistant Sunday expertise. If it was a damaged employe's man at work. editor before enlisting in the Army Sig­ psyche, he mended it with logic and nurtured There should be no doubt that when nal Corps in World War II. He received it with kindness. If it was humorous he laughed. If it was conservative, he appla.u'ded. the mandatory 5-year wait expires the an electrical engineering degree from He was stubborn when he felt he was right. famous No. 24 of Willie Mays is a sure Massachusetts Institute of Technology in He was tractable when he was wrong ... and bet for inclusion in the Baseball Hall 1950 and went to the Portland Oregonian able to admit it. of Fame. as production manager and later became He was a listener, not a talker. A doer, not business manager. He was a cousin of a procrastinator. A giver, not a taker. Samuel I. Newhouse who owns the New­ He was unassuining, yet for someone near­ DONALD R. NEWHOUSE, RECOG­ house group of newspapers. ing the peak of community leadership his NIZED NATIONAL EXPERT IN lnfiuence was catching. He made sense out Mr. Speaker, Mr. Newhouse repre­ of the intricate problems that styinied most. NEWSPAPER AUTOMATION, AND sented the very best of what a news­ The conclusions of others were his begin­ SPRINGFIELD, MASS., CIVIC paperman ought to be. His passing is a nings. LEADER great loss to the newspaper profession He was a fainily man who worked de­ and our community of Metropolitan votedly to make the home he, his wife and Springfield. I join with many other five children lived in a happy and worth­ HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND friends of Donald R. Newhouse in ex­ while place. pressing profound sorrow to his beloved To those nearest him, we extend our con­ OP !4ASSACEnJSETTS dolences. And while theirs is the greatest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wife, Mrs. Leila Newhouse, and their five emptiness, it has touched his friends and children. co-workers, too. His calm competence was Tuesday, October 23, 1973 The loss of Donald R. Newhouse to em­ appreciated by all. Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, my home ployees of the Springfield newspapers These are the tangibles. The intangibles city of Springfield, Mass., was stunned was best summed up by Linda Siteman that made him a friend are Inissing. last Thursday night at the sudden death of the Springfield Union staff and Joseph What Don Newhouse gave his family, his W. Mooney, editor of the Springfield profession and his community will remain. of Donald R. Newhouse, general man­ But the man was a llttle more unique and ager of the Springfield Newspapers, and Union and the Sunday Republican. I irreplaceable than most. a widely respected community leader. insert their signed articles at this point He is missed already. Mr. Newhouse was recognized through­ with my remarks, together with an edi­ out this country as an expert in news­ torial printed in the Springfield Daily paper automation, served as chairman News. BECAUSE HE CARED, WE CARED, Too last year of the American Newspaper The material follows: (By Linda Siteman) Publishers Association's computerization DONALD NEWHOUSE WAS JUST BEGINNING You didn't have to make an appointment and production management committees, Donald Newhouse came to us as a stranger to see Donald R. Newhouse. You just walked and had been a consultant to newspapers six years ago, but now leaves many friends. in. He came from to apply his knowl­ Employes at The Springfield Newspapers making changes in mechanical depart­ said yesterday they hadn't lost a. boss in the ments. edge and experience to the task of design­ ing, erecting and equipping our newspaper death of their general manager. They had Although he went to Springfield 6 plant, and to be our general manager. lost a friend, co-worker. years ago from Portland, Oreg., to su­ To us and to himself, he promised that he Newhouse had had several brushes with pervise the design and construction of would devote his full attention to the build­ death. the new Springfield Newspapers building ing project until it was finished. However, The first was in October, 1960, when he was and plant, he soon became known for his he found it difficult to decline any request for shot and seriously wounded by an unknown civic involvement and leadership. As re­ his time and talents in community service. assailant during a. bitter strike of the stereo­ cently as 2 weeks ago, Mr. Newhouse led At the time of his death Thursday, the typer's union at the Portland Oregonian a group of 40 members of the Greater community had only started to feel the full while he was general manager there. impact of his generosity and leadership. While recuperating, Newhouse was sched­ Springfield Chamber of Commerce to the He was on the boards of several leading uled to be flown to a convalescent hospital Nation's Capital as chairman of "Opera­ charitable institutions and was "going up 1n Florida for rest. He missed the plane, tion Washington III," a biennial visit of the chairs" in the United Way, the Metro­ which crashed en route. community leaders for briefings by Fed­ politan YMCA and other organizations. And later, while standing in the entry hall eral agencies and members of the Massa­ We who have benefited from his broad to the Oregon Museum of Science and In­ chusetts congressional delegation. knowledge, good judgment and oversized dustry, which he helped found, he was nearly Mr. Newhouse was also a trustee of capacity for work know that his community struck by a massive piece of machinery when service was really only beginning. a pulley rope snapped. Springfield Hospital Medical Center, a If the community Inisses him, we will Iniss He never walked anyplace. He always trustee of Hampshire College and Spring­ him more, and that gives us at least a dim zoomed. But he had time for his employes. field Community Technical Community realization of how much his family will miss Mechnically-inclined and always tinkering College, a member of the executive com­ him. Our community has lost a leader of with a piece of machinery or an electronic mittee of the Pioneer Valley United Way, great capacity, our newspapers have lost a gadget, Newhouse was often in the compos­ chairman of the finance committee of capable and understanding manager, and our ing room talking with "the guys." the Metropolitan Springfield YMCA, a sympathy is With his wife and children who "He was just one of the guys to them," must sustain the much greater loss. a. secretary recalled. "He viewed his em­ member of the Zoological Society board ployes as people, as individuals." and publicity chairman of the Spring­ THE QUIET MAN If "the guys" in the composing room had field Rotary Club. Early last week, Donald R. Newhouse, the general manager problems, he knew of them. He was easy to Massachusetts Welfare Commissioner of The Springfield Newspapers, died Thurs­ talk to. He Ustened. Steven A. Minter asked Mr. Newhouse to day night during lengthy heart surgery at He knew most of his employes by their serve on the State welfare advisory the age of 54. first name. And they called him by his. He board. He also served on the boards of He is gone from Springfield as quietly as didn't like to be "Mr. D." Beth-El Temple and the Springfield he arrived. He liked to fish, and to talk fishing with Jewish Federation. But the mark he left in six years is equal other buffs of the sport. Recently, he pur­ Mr. Speaker, in his eulogy at funeral to most men's lifetime accomplishments. It chased a new boat to get in some blue fish­ will reverberate for a long time. ing. He offered it to an employee who had services Sunday, Rabbi Jordan Ofseyer He has left a. legacy to his adopted city in ruined his own boat in an accident, so a summed up the feelings of Mr. New­ terms of civic performance, newspaper skill planned fishing vacation wouldn't be spoiled. house's many friends and associates and fainily devotion. And for a man who And when employes brought in broken when he characterized him as-- touched adversity when a sniper shotgunned radios and ta e recorders-as they often An accomplished man combining in one him in his former Oregon home during a did-he took them home and repaired them. person qualities of wisdom, courage, and a newspaper strike, he bounded back without Don Newhouse was like that. He was witty gentle sense of humor. flinching. He surmounted the physical pain and kind, in novating and inte'lllgent. He was and distress. He achieved success without himself. And he didn't care what you were, Mr. Newhouse began his newspaper leaning on anyone. as long as you weren't trying to be someone career as a copyboy on the Long Island He had the capacity for anything. If it was else. He cared, and because he did, we did, Press in New York, where he worked for a broken newspaper part, he fixed it with too. October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34879 WHAT WE NEED IS HOUSING, NOT would allow poor people to rent houses or run the biggest billboard in America, Ann. ANOTHER STUDY OF THE HOUS­ apartments at the market rentals With the Please print it. ING PROBLEM federal government picking up the tab. Fact No. 1: People wind up on welfare not As the President recognized in his mes­ because they are cheats or loafers but be­ sage, this is an idea that needs a lot more cause they are poor. They are poor not only HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL testing than has been done to date. So he in money, but in everything. They have had proposes the plan for the elderly, with its poor education, poor health care, a poor OF NEW YORK expansion to low-income families later, per­ chance at decent employment and poor pros­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES haps not until 1975. This means, in effect, pects for anything better. Tuesday, October 23, 1973 that housing for poor and moderate income Fact No. 2: Of the 15 million people on farnilles will be placed in limbo for at least welfare, two million are aged, permanently Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the execu­ two years and maybe more. What are people disabled or blind. Three Inllllon are mothers. tive director of the National Urban supposed to do in the meantime: live in the Fact No. 3: Nobody is getting rich on wel­ League, Vernon E. Jordan, Jr., penned parks? fare. At best, it allows barebone living. Max­ his reaction to the administration's long­ The problems connected with housing al­ imum payment for a family of four ranges lowances are serious ones. Unless a housing from $700 a year in to $3,600 in awaited housing program in his weekly allowance program has a strong counseling New York, , Massachusetts and syndicated column which appeared in element built into it, a lot of people are . the October l2, 1973, issue of the New going to be cheated and the government will Fact No. 4: Cheating on welfare is not York Voice. lose millions. Previous housing subsidy pro­ rampant, but minimal. No program involving Mr. Jordan's reaction to the Presi­ grams floundered on this very point as un­ 15 million people can be completely free of dent's housing message is the same as scrupulous people took advantage of house­ fakers. Probably less lying and cheating goes that expressed by others who have been hungry buyers and left the government with on in the Welfare Department than in the working to meet and overcome our Na­ unpaid mortgages running into the hundred Internal Revenue Department. of millions of dollars. Fact No. 5: Welfare mothers are not hav­ tion's housing crisis: that Mr. Nixon has Any housing allowance plan must also be ing babies just to collect extra money. Nearly suggested no solutions to the crisis that accompanied by rigid code enforcement or 70 per cent of all children on welfare are he has worsened because of his ill-timed, face the probability of e>..-ploitation by slum­ legitimate, according to HEW. ill-advised moratorium on Federal hous­ lords. We've had enough experience with Fact No. 6: The welfare rolls are not made ing subsidy programs. All he has done, welfare departments paying exorbitant rent­ up mostly of blacks. More than 48 per cent after 9 months of study, is come forth als to landlords running slumholes to know of the welfare fainllies are white, 43 per cent with a proposal for further study of the the dangers. black, the remaining are Orientals Ameri­ housing needs of the Nation's poor. What And without a permanent high rate of can Indians and other ethnic groups. building, a housing allowance scheme may I hope this will help to reduce bigotry and the poor need is housing, not another just drive the market level of rentals up, clear up some misunderstanding-You Might study. This message comes through leaving everyone in a worse condition. This Be Next. clearly in Mr. Jordan's column entitled is not to say the allowances won't work; "Housing Crisis Deepens." they very well might work and further tests The article follows: may show us how to overcome these prob­ DEFEAT OF THE JAVITS AMEND­ lems. MENT-A BLOW FOR POOR HOUSING CRISIS DEEPENS YOUNGSTERS (By Vernon E. Jordan, Jr.) But the basic flaw in the housing message is that it does nothing to overcome the The Administration's long-awaited hous­ critical housing shortage facing moderate ing program has finally been unveiled and income families and doesn't even promise HON. HERMAN BADILLO while it contains some constructive elements anything to relieve their plight beyond an OF NEW YORK it falls far short of the kind of comprehen­ "iffy" proposal that may start two years from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sive building and subsidy package that would now. finally lick this country's ever-deepening Tuesday, October 23, 1973 housing crisis. On the same day that it was announced, WELFARE MYTHS Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, I was the Commerce Department reported that new deeply saddened and disturbed at the de­ housing starts fell again in August, as they feat of the Javits hold harmless amend­ have almost without a break since the start HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS ment to the National School Lunch and of the year. At the very least, this nation OF CALIFORNIA Child Nutrition Acts. The amendment has to build two million new homes each IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was designed to assure that no State re­ year just to keep a bit ahead· of a serious ceive less than it did last year under housing shortage. It is now doubtful whether Tuesday, October 23, 1973 as many as 1.5 m.llUon new homes will be section 11 of the act, moneys of which built this year. Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, the facts go solely to pay for free and reduced price Part of the reason for this is the credit about weliare have been stated many lunches. crunch. Interest rates have sky-rocketed, times but some people still do not want The defeat wm· mean a crushing blow putting a damper on housing construction the truth. to children in New York State, 635,000 of and pricing housing beyond the reach of Others, often public officials, deliber­ whom received free lunches last year. Of most people. The Administration proposes to ately spread false information to cover these meals 477,600 were served in deal With this by extending a tax credit to up their own shortcomings. schools designated as "specially needy," lending institutions, primarily savings and loan associations, as a reward for investing The following "Dear Ann" letter states meaning that over 60 percent of their in the housing market. the case in a clear and unmistakable students came from poor families. These This may ease the credit crunch but it fashion. I am sure it will not stop the lies institutions have designed their pro­ doesn't do anything to bring housing money about welfare but it sure tells the facts grams and planned their budgets in an­ into black neighborhoods or into many cen­ as they are: ticipation of the badly needed increases tral city areas. The Urban League's study in reimbursement rates and will have a of Savings and Loans in Bronx County, New ANN LANDERS: SOME FACTS ABOUT WELFARE difficult time in absorbing instead a re­ York, showed a persistent policy of disinvest­ DEAR ANN LANDERS: I am 15 years old. Dad imbursement cut. ing in areas where black and other minori­ died four years ago of cancer. There are five Mr. Speaker, I would not and did not ties are residents. Elsewhere in the country children in the family younger than I. My advocate that children in any one State too, there seems to be a pattern of pull1ng dad didn't belong to a union, he was self­ receive preferential treatment at the ex­ in deposits from ghetto areas and investing employed, had no social security, and his in­ them elsewhere. It seems to me that along surance just barely covered his·medical bills. pense of youngsters in other States. This with further incentives to such institutions Three years ago Mom had to go on welfare. was not the purpose of the amendment, must go stricter regulation. When we buy groceries with stamps some and a perusal of the Senate colloquy The Administration offers other sugges­ folks in the store look at us as if we are makes this very clear. The language was tions aimed at increasing access to tight taking money out of their pockets. Sure, peo­ designed merely to allow States with es­ money by builders and developers but offers ple on welfare cost taxpayers money, but Dad pecially high procurement costs and little new in the way of housing the m.ll­ paid his taxes when he was alive and Mom unusually high populations of needy chil­ lions who have been priced out of the market can't feed us kids on what she makes work­ dren to fulfill the mandate of Congress by spiraling costs, inflation and discrimlna­ ing in a bakery. and provide the youngsters with a bal­ tion. I read some facts about welfare in an arti­ anced, nutritious meal a day. It seems to be leaning in the direction cle put out by The Committee on Political Food procurement costs in New York of a housing allowance-a rent subsidy that Education. Every American should see it. You City have risen 20 percent over the 34880 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 1972-73 level for this program, adding a afford to overlook any practical precaution­ Sunday, Oct. 14, by making Gershon Canaan total of $7.6 million to the school lunch ary measure. The one Reps. Whitehurst and the ofilcial honoree of the occasion. The start budget. Labor costs rose 9 percent, ac­ Hosmer are suggesting is not only practical, will be made Saturday night in the eleventh it also would offer the country an oppor­ annual pre-German Day banquet but will counting for another '$3.2 million. Over­ tunity to try out a further extension of Day­ continue on through the always interesting head expenses went up an unprecedented light Saving Time, which has steadily gained program on the day itself. 10 percent, costing the city an additional favor since its year-round use was dropped Although now an American citizen, ca­ $1 million. Contrary to the impression at the end of World War II. naan represents the Federal Republic of created during the debate, this is no The proposal is "timely" also in that quick Germany as its honorary (and active) con­ "free" program for the city of New York. action by Congress, as urged by Rep. White­ sul here and has been awarded his native Last year it earmarked an approximate hurst, would permit sllding into the new country's Distinguished Order of Merit for $20 million in municipal funds to assure system without the scheduled Oct. 28 clock­ exceptional service. He was also awarded in resetting exercise. This should lessen the im­ 1964 our own 'Presidential Citation for out­ the continuance of this effort and this pact even if it does not remove all the con­ standing contribution as Design Consultant year its contribution is expected to be troversy. to the U.S. Public Housing Administration. commensurate. The $1,852 differential There certainly would be some opposition, German Day symbolizes honor to whom the amendment would have secured for the uniform time system in use now, honor is due, most of all this is to the gen­ would not have represented a windfall­ though a vast improvement over the crazy­ erations of Texas Germans who have done so it would merely have assured that all the quilt of DST areas and varying DST periods much for us both as citizens and as soldiers city had to find additional funds for was once prevailing during the summer, is ac­ ln our two world wars. A s1mllar debt of grati­ tually a compromise designed to split the tude is owed in other states to a great people the $11.8 million in cost increases with­ year 50-50 between the Standard Time advo­ out having to absorb, in addition, a reim­ who have helped build America since the cates and the DST proponents. first German colony landed in this country bursement loss. Many of the "slow time" defenders are 290 years ago in 1683. Mr. Speaker, I feel certain that a ma­ farmers who labor by the sun, transact their Presidential, gubernatorial and mayoralty jority of those voting against the amend­ business by the clock and value an extra proclamations greet the day. It is fitting that ment did not want to penalize poor hour for morning chores before the stores every Texan Join this weekend 1n commemo­ youngsters-that they voted against the open. They would be loath to give up their rating service, achievement and superb loy­ measure because of a misunderstanding half-year. But their number dwindles, and alty, all exemplifled by our German Ameri­ there are cogent arguments on the other cans. of the prevailing situation. I hope that side. some way will be found and found soon Bit by bit for a generation, rural America to rectify this situation. has been adjusting to a trend favoring the city's and the suburb's clock-punchers, who BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL like the extra hour of sunlight at the end WOMEN'S CLUBS, INC., OF AMER­ of the work day-for recreation, lawn minis­ ICA, OCTOBER 23, 1973 YEAR-ROUND DAYLIGHT SAVING trations, or as protection against being TIME mugged. The urgency now to conserve fuel just might prove to be the decisive factor il;l placing the country, clocks, cows and all, HON. PATSY T. MINK on "fast time" all the time. OF HAWAU HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF VmGINIA Tuesday, October 23, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES GERMAN DAY Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, when the Tuesday, October 23, 1973 equal rights amendment is ratified next Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I year, it will mark the culmination of am introducing into the RECORD an edi­ HON. JAMES M. COLLINS more than 30 years of struggle on its be­ torial from the Ledger-Star of Norfolk, half by the Business and Professional Va., one of the outstanding newspapers OF TEXAS Women's Clubs, Inc., of America. in the Old Dominion. It clearly states IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Long an active organization interested reasons for year-round observance of Tuesday, October 23, 1973 in seeing women "counted as people,'' this daylight saving time. The energy crisis Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, week the BPW is marking another mile­ facing the country this winter is fast each year in Texas we honor our citizens stone of growth since its formation in approaching. Steps must be taken tore­ of German descent by celebrating Ger­ 1919 with the celebration of National duce the amount of fuels consumed, and man Day. Our German population has Business Women's Week, October 21 to I believe the Federal Government can long played a vital part in the history of 27. The form of excitement they are take action providing the opportunity to our State by contributing to our heritage generating over this event is a concerted make a zero-cost reduction by passing their outstanding cultural, educational, drive for ratification of the equal rights the daylight saving time bill, H.R. 7647. and scientific achievements. This year, amendment. In line with this effort the The editorial follows: German Day was especially dedicated to BPW, no stranger nor token contributor FAST TIME ALL THE TIME Gershon Canaan, a prominent architect to the struggle for equality for women, Tidewater's Rep. WilHam Whitehurst and and civic leader in Dallas. Gershon typi­ has set a goal of $250,000 for its equal Rep. Craig Hosmer of California, an early­ fies the characteristics of hard work and rights amendment ratification fund. rising former admiral, have taken a good dedication which have made our Ger­ Their ratification drive began last Sat­ opportunity to propose switching the United urday with their national federation States' clocks and clock-watchers to year­ man-Americans valuable as leaders in our State and our country. president Ms. Jean McCarrey's press con­ round Daylight Savings Time, which the ference in Springfield, Til. Her stop was country now runs on from the last Sunday I would like to include an editorial the first to 14 States that have not yet 1n April to the last Sunday in October. from the October 13, Dallas Morning As Mr. Whitehurst reminded West News concerning Gershon Canaan and ratified the equal rights amendment Congressman Harley Staggers, whose House German Day: and which have State legislatures meet­ Commerce Committee has present custody of ing in 1974. Her objective is to clarify the Whitehurst-Hosmer legislation, year­ GERMAN DAY the benefits of the equal rights amend­ round DST was employed during World War Back in 1963, German Day was initiated in ment and to urge its passage. President II as an energy conservation measure. It Texas, honoring the large part played in McCarrey's National Business Women's reduced evening-hour peaks 1n electrical in building our state by the pioneers of the Week tour will see her meeting people power consumption, which are even higher mid-19th century and subsequent construc­ in winter than summer. tive immigrants. No people other than our at press coriferences, banquets, recep­ At this juncture, as everyone knows by U.S.A. forefathers have played a.s important tions, rallies, and a multitude of other now, the United States is confronted by the and continuing role in Texas development activities. She will often be eating break­ possib111ty of not having enough fuel oil to as the Germans who founded several towns fast in one State, lunch in another, and get through the winter. Already Washington and were great citizens in others. The start sitting down to dinner in yet a third has lnltia.ted distributor-level rationing a.nd 11 years a.go of slgna.lizing a. German Day wa.s state. In air miles, President McCarrey a publlc information campaign to reduce the inspiration of Gershon Canaan, Dallas wlli have crossed the country at least consumption, steps reminiscent of World architect and native of Germany. Canaan War II. And the situation may get worse. brought to this country his sense of fervid twice over by the end of National Busi­ The Middle East war and the Arab on-pro­ patriotism nearly a. quarter century ago. ness Women's Week. ducers' attempts to blackmail the West add German Day w1ll be fittingly celebrated in The BPW's efforts will certainly form to the uncertainty. Thus, the U.S. cannot Texas, Dallas and notably at the State Fair an important and 'Valuable contribution October 23, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34881 to our struggle for "8 More in '741" Con­ moved remedies long believed to be ef­ patients with bursitis. Other research turned gratulations to the National Federation fective. Such agencies are not meant to up encouraging progress in treating the com­ mon cold. Rubbing DMSO on the skin of the of Business and Professional Women's be autonomous, but to follow carefully nose, for example, relieved congestion and Clubs of America as they celebrate Na­ developed guidelines developed within drainage problems for several hours. Using tional Business Women's Week with the the Congress. In many respects, we in DMSO for sinusitis removed pain and symp­ struggle for equal rights. this body have neglected our responsi­ toms for several days. bilities in this field. During the summer of 1965 a major Ger­ I wish to share with my colleagues the xnan drug xnanufacturer sponsored the first article, "FDA Regulation: How Much international symposium on DMSO and 140 FDA REGULATION: HOW MUCH Protection Can We Stand?" by Allan C. German and Austrian physicians attended, PROTECTION CAN WE STAND? as did Dr. Jacob and Dr. Rosenberg. The ex­ Brownfeld, as it appears in the Septem­ change resulted in the sanctioned use of ber 1973 issue of Private Practice, and DMSO as a prescription drug in Germany HON. PHILIP M. CRANE insert it into the RECORD at this time. and Austria as of September 1, 1965. OF The article follows: Despite its overwhelming success, DMSO FDA REGULATION: HOW MUCH PROTECTION was banned in the United States by tp.e FDA. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CAN WE STAND? The ostensible reason: "Certain species of Tuesday, October 23, 1973 (By Allan Brownfeld) anltnals treated with DMSO had developed changes in the lens of the eye." Discussing Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, at the pres­ The role of the Food and Drug Administra­ the FDA action, Senator Mark Hatfield (R­ ent time the United States is lagging tion in approving new drugs for use by Amer­ Oregon) declared that, "There was no proof icans, and withdrawing drugs from the mar­ that DMSO had any deleterious effect on the sertously behind Great Britain and other ket when they are deemed unfit for use, has countries in the introduction of new eyes of a single hutnan being. The FDA ac­ stirred increasing controversy in recent tion was premature ... Dr. James God­ therapeutic drugs. months. dard, then chief administrator of FDA, is a In the 10 years before the 1962 drug There is mounting evidence that the FDA, very aggressive, very dogmatic man, and he regulations, the pharmaceutical indus­ rather than helping to improve the nation's was determined to rule in all areas of medical try produced and marketed an average health, has hindered the development of new drugs. The tragedy of thalidomide . . . was of 43 new medicines each year. Between drugs and kept many important new medi­ fresh in everyone's minds, and the FDA was cations from the American market. Critics anxious not to let anything like that happen 1963 and 1970, this figure dropped to 17. have argued that if penicillin were developed In the last 5 years, the average has fallen again. So they got over-cautious without today, it would be ten years before Ameri­ being at all scientific. It was a political to 13. cans would have the legal right to use it. reaction." A recent study shows that nearly four The FDA, in addition, has arbitrarily re­ DMSO is now used safely and effectively times as many new drugs became avail­ moved from t.he market many drugs which throughout the world-but not in the United able during the last decade in Britain have been used effectively for years in treat­ States, where it was developed. as in the United States. When examined ing a variety of health problems. Another drug therapy kept from the Amer­ by therapeutic category, this drug lag The FDA was created in 1906 with the ican market is the "U" series developed by was found to be most marked in the protection of the public its primary aim. Dr. Henry Turkel which, experts state, can Since that time, the powers of the agency effectively remove accumulations in such di­ areas of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, have been strengthened considerably. Today verse genetic disorders as Down's syndrome, and respiratory medicine, and diuretic, it is a huge bureaucracy which has the power arteriosclerosis, the adult form of diabetes, and antibactertal therapy. to determine which drugs can-and which ataxia telangiectasia, certain forms of ar­ Wrtting in the September 1973 issue cannot--be used. thritis produced by accumulations, various of Private Practice, the journal of the The two following examples illustrate the allergies, angioneurotic edema, and those Congress of County Medical Societies, problem faced in xnaklng new drugs avail­ forms of leukemia in which the patient has able for use. the Philadelphia chromosome. Allan C. Brownfeld, newspaper colum­ One drug which the FDA has effectively nist and recently named that journal's Primarily used in therapy for mongoloid kept from the American market is Dimethyl children, the "U" series is now effectively editor, discusses the impact of FDA regu­ sulfoxide (DMSO). Originally synthesized in being used in England, Israel, West Germany, lations upon the Nation's health. 1866, it remained a laboratory curiosity for Switzerland, and many other countries-but Reviewing a study conducted by Prof. more than three quarters of a century. The not in the U.S. where it was developed, ex­ Sam Peltzman of UCLA, Mr. Brownfeld medical applications of this drug sprang from cept for the city of Detroit. Before the 1962 writes that: a collaboration in the early 1960s between amendments to the Food and Drug Act, more chemist Robert Herschler of the Crown Zel­ than 40 doctors in the United States were He found that the cost of delaying a bene­ lerbach Corporation and Dr. Stanley Jacob ficial innovation is approximately 10 to 100 improving the health and outlook of mongo­ of the University of Oregon Medical School. loid children by using the "U" series to re­ times the value of avoiding a mistake. Peltz­ Herschler had been experimenting with man estimates that delaying the drugs that move the internal pollutants responsible for DMSO, until then used primarily as a liquid the artificial starvation and consequent conquered tuberculosis by 2 years would have solvent for industrial purposes, and told Dr. meant about 45,000 additional deaths, and retardation on the mongoloid child. Today, Jacob that the solvent could carry other sub­ interstate shipment of the drugs in the "U" twice that number of additional persons with stances deep into the interiors of plants and the disease. series have been made lllegal. trees. If it could penetrate plant membranes, Part of the problem are bureaucratic regu­ In addition to keeping new drugs off he wondered, could DMSO have similar ef­ lations demanding proof of the "safety" and fects within the human body? "efilcacy" not only of the drug, but of every the market, Mr. Brownfeld points out The two men set up an experiment on rats, that the FDA has also been- ingredient in it. Dr. Turkel declares that, scald-burning them while the anitnals were "Very few substances can be guaranteed to Removing old remedies--such as combina­ under anesthesia. When the anesthesia wore be safe for all huxnan beings, because of our tion cough medicines and vitamin combina­ off, the rats treated with DMSO sat more individual idiosyncrasies and allergies. Very tions-which it now deems to be in violation quietly in their cages than did the others. few medicines can be guaranteed to be effec­ of rules concerning "safety" and "efficacy". Herschler and Jacob surmised that the DMSO tive for all patients, for the same reasons. might have acted as a painkiller. Congress opened a Pandora's box when it Part of the problem, he writes, is Some time later, Herschler accidentally that- permitted bureaucrats to determine 'safety• suffered burns of his hand and forehead. He and 'efficacy' of substances for purposes of The governmental bodies regulating drugs phoned Jacob. "I want to be a human guinea interstate shipment. Congress added to the are almost totally devoid of practicing doc­ pig for DMSO," he said. Jacob then daubed possibllity of abuses by not demanding guide­ tors who base their judgments on dally clini­ the drug on Herschler's left hand, but left lines for new drug applicatiollS--tio that the cal evaluation in routine settings. The FDA the other burns untreated. Within minutes, FDA could always respond with the words has only 4,500 employees and of these there the pain and swelllng disappeared from the 'incomplete' or 'incorrect' regardless of the are only approximately 200 physicians, 80 treated areas and remained in the untreated data on the appUcation, without supplying pharmacologists and 100 pharxnacists. What spots. any further inforxnation about the data re­ Working with animals, the two men dem­ we face, more and more, is medical regula­ quired. This . . . can make it possible for tion by bureaucrats, something which is un­ onstrated that DMSO could pass through precedented even in countries with socialized tissues, taking other substances along; that those officials to approve or disapprove any medicine. it would reduce inflammation; that it could application almost at their whim." clock nerve conduction (which would ex­ In his book New Hope For Mentally Re­ It is time for the Congress to assert its plain DMSO's effect as a painkiller). Later tarcled-Stymiecl By The FDA (Vantage Press, authority in this area, to carefully re­ on, Dr. Jacob and Dr. Edward Rosenberg, as­ 1972, Dr. Turkel writes that, "Until the 1962 view the manner in which the Food and sociate clinical professor of medicine at the law, when making proof of safety and emca.cy Drug Administration has kept new drugs Oregon Medical School, had almost 100 per a necessary preliminary was passed, the FDA from the American market, and has re- cent success in their use of DMSO on 20 intimidated companies whose drug they dld 34882 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 not wish to approve by rejecting the labeling. peal. Milton Friedman, citing the Peltzman Discussing the FDA's lack of responsive­ In the case of the 'U' series, the medications data, went even further. To comply with the ness to the very real criticisms leveled must be taken as a series and not as in­ amendments, "FDA officials must condemn against it, Von Hoffman declared that, "The dividual drugs. Just as a pile of bricks, a Innocent people to death. Indeed, further FDA has mounted a campaign that sug­ stack of lumber, and some window glass do studies may well justify the even more gests that any one who opposes it, the medi­ not make a suitable habitation, but first shocking conclusion that the FDA itself cal cartels and the drug companies, are must be put together with mortar, nails, and should be abolished." kooks, faddists and secret sympathizers with other material to make a house, the individ­ Citing the Peltzman data, Dr. Friedman the John Birch Society. People once thought ual ingredients of the series do not make a noted that, "The stiffer standards had a much the same of Pasteur, for it has been the suitable medication for the removal of ex­ spectacular effect on the rate of innovation. peculiar tradition of medicine in the last cessive metabolites. I stated that it was im­ In the 12 years prior to 1962, 41.5 'new chem­ 200 or 300 years to prefer exorcism and ex­ possible to write labeling for the individual ical entities'-that is, really new drugs­ communication of new hypotheses to the ingredients-that the labeling would have to were introduced on the average each year; in scientific testing of them. The non-MDs, and be for the entire series." the next eight years. 16.1. And their intro­ even some of the doctors of this era will not Dr. Jean Lockhart of the FDA told Dr. duction was delayed by two years on the be intimidated by old dogmas and old dog­ Turkel that, "It is our opinion that it may average." matists, even if they are enforced by the be impossible to write suitable la;beling for Friedman expressed the view that, "Peltz­ power of the state. People want more and efficacy of this product; in view of the cy­ man used highly imaginative techniques to better than the FDA can give them. . . ." togenetic basis of Mongolism we recommend assign dollar values to the benefit from sup­ Members of Congress are showing renewed th81t you abandon work on this application." pressing harmful drugs or postponing the interest in the role being played by the FDA. This "recommendation" was more strongly introduction of useful new drugs . . . To Rep. Jerry Pettis (R-Cal.), a member of the worded by the Commissioner of Food and make sure that his results would hold up, he ~ouse Ways and Means Committee, said that Drugs in a letter dated November 26, 1963: leaned over backward, overstating benefits a convergence of dissatisfaction with food "Discontinue administering it to human from the stricter standards, and understat­ drug, biological product and other regulatory beings. You may submit additional informa­ ing costs. And of course, he recognized full programs" indicates that changes in the law tion when available .•." This, noted Dr. well that dollar estimates are a pale reflec­ are needed. Turkel, "is a neat trick: stop investigating tion of the human benefit and harm in terms Discussing the action of February 9, 1973 the action of the drug and submit more in­ of lives saved and lost. But that seems the in which the FDA, through the Federal Reg­ formation regarding the action of the drug only feasible way to get a numerical measure ister, declared its intention to remove 23 when available. This agency decides who shall that combines the value of comfort gained cough mixtures from the market, Rep. Phillp be treated and who shall not; who shall live by relief of a minor distress, days gained by M. Crane (R-Tilinois) noted that, "This ac­ and who shall die. This agency is symbolic of avoiding or shortening illness and lives tion is only part of a continuing effort by power abused, power given because of an gained by curing a hitherto deadly disease." the FDA to ellminate the use of standard­ accident of judgment by politicians." According to Peltzman's estimates, the dose combinations. The decisions made in Opposition to the FDA is becoming in­ 1962 drug amendments cost consumers of this field are the result of bureaucratic deter­ creasingly vocal. Economist Milton Friedman drugs over and above any benefits--$200 minations from within the FDA and its ad­ recently urged repeal of the 1962 amend­ to $500 million per year at a very minimum. visory panels . . . It is essential that we ments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act This is 5 to 10 per cent of the money spent carefully review the extensive and often because the "unduly stringent" require­ annually on drugs. It is as if a 5 to 10 per­ arbitrary authority which has been given to ments were delaying the approval of new cent tax were levied in drug sales and the the Food and Drug Administration." drugs. money so raised was spent, writes Friedman, The fact 1s that the governmental bodies Testifying before the FDA's National Ad· "on invisible monuments to the late Sena­ regulating drugs are almost totally devoid of visory Drug Committee, Dr. Robert D. Dripps, tor Kefauver." practicing doctors who base their judgments vice-president for health affairs of the Uni­ To discover the effects of regulation on on daily cllnical evaluation in routine set­ versity of Pennsylvania, decla.red that, "Our the more dramatic mistakes and discoveries, tings. The FDA has only 4,500 employees and present system has shortcomings in concept Peltzman examined the costs to society of of these there are only approximately 200 and application that may be adversely affect­ a thalidomide type mistake, the benefits to physicians, 80 pharmacologists and 100 phar­ ing pharmaceutical progress, medical prac­ society from a penicillin type success, the macists. What we face, more and more, is tice, and the health of our people." frequency of such occurrences prior to 1962, medical regulation by bureaucrats, something Dr. Dripps cited these "concerns": (1) · and the areas, notable heart disease and which is unprecedented even in countries "Extraordinary lengthening of time for the cancer, where major discoveries are needed with socialized medical systems. development and approval of new drugs in for the future. In a letter to the House Commerce Sub­ this country; (2) . . . continued discontent Making the assumption that no discover­ committee on Health, some of the nation's with the U.S. system of drug regulation ies would permanently be kept from the mar­ leading scientists and physician-researchers among various sectors of our society ...; (3) ket by the post-1962 procedures, and that declared that the FDA has been too strict ... increasing bureaucratic involvement in their only effect would be to delay an inno­ and arbitrary in its use of power. They noted the research process itself ...; (4) .•. un­ vation by two years, he found that the cost that, "We believe a change in the drug regu­ necessary delay in the introduction of useful of delaying a beneficial innovation 1s ap­ latory system is badly needed. The system too agents ...; (5) ... potentially useful com­ proximately 10 to 100 times the value of often stifles creativity and escalates costs of pounds are being prematurely discarded be­ avoiding a thalidomide mistake. Peltzman es­ research; perpetuates a continuing decline cause of extreme caution in the interpreta­ timates that delaying the drugs that con­ in the number of new drugs entering the tion of animal toxicity data that science quered tuberculosis by two years would have market in this country; and may be depriv­ may some day learn are inappllcable to man." meant about 45,000 additional deaths, and ing the practicing physician of agents bene­ In a recent economic study to determine twice that number of additional persons ficial to patient care." whether a drug was "good" or "bad," Sam with the disease. Efforts to challenge this arbitrary power Peltzman of U.CL.A. used the decisions doc­ The FDA has been exercising its authority through the Courts have not been success­ tors make in the marketplace as his basic not only in preventing new drugs from reach­ ful. In June, 1973, the FDA won a major vic­ criterion. If over a long period of time they ing the market, but in removing old reme­ tory 1n the Supreme Court which frees it to continue to prescribe a medicine, if it with­ dies--such as combina.tion cough medicines proceed With a four-year timetable for remov-· stands the "ultimate test" of time, then and vitamin combln81tions--which it now ing what it calls "ineffective prescription Peltzman categorized it as "good." He stated deems to be in violation of rules concern­ medicines" from the marketplace. that, "I wouldn't feel disturbed if a doctor ing "safety" and "efficacy." Agency counsel Peter Hutt believes that relies on that information which he thinks Commenting upon the FDA's regulations the Court's 7-0 decisions in three related 1s most reliable." concerning vitamins and food supplements, cases have implications reaching far beyond The basic question addressed by Peltz­ syndicated columnist Nicholas von Hoffman prescription drugs. By incorporating a rare man was whether the public had benefited noted that, "The FDA, an outfit that has as advisory opinion on the estimated 100,000 to by the 1962 amendments to the drug law. For poor a record as any regul<ory agency 500,000 over-the-counter medications, the the most part these amendments required around, has at length succeeded in scoring rulings validated the agency's efforts to halt manufacturers to provide substantial pre­ one triumph. It has brought about a mar­ the marketing of such drugs if they are "in­ marketing evidence of efficacy, in addition to riage between Rep. Bella Abzug ... and effective, unsafe, and misbranded." the pre-marketing evidence of safety required Craig Hosmer, the right wing Republican ... In addition, said Hutt, the court has im­ by the existing law. The amendments also Rep. Abzug has joined with about 150 other plicitly removed doubts about the legality tightened the requirements for safety and members of the House in sponsoring a bUl o! FDA's industry-wide approaches to regu­ empowered the FDA to act against false and authored by Hosmer which would prevent lation of food, food additives, and medical misleading promotion of drugs to physicians. the FDA from putting into for~e a series of diagnostic products. Peltzman concluded that the amendments regulations making vitamins and food sup­ Common questions run through all of the have done far more harm than good and that plements less convenient and more and more FDA's regulatory efforts in each field: is the the public would be well served by their re- expensive to buy." agency 11mlted to merely acting on market- October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 84883 ing and other proposals submitted by regu­ reassertion of Congressional authority over The arts and humanities give us in­ lndustry generally contends? Or can the FDA what that organization is, in fact, doing. In spiration and the impetus to reach for lated companies and to suing violators, as addition, Congress needs to state quite clearly the ideal. And, given in which make rules that deal comprehensively with what it means by such broad terms as each basic regulatory issue? "safety" and "efficacy." To permit non-doc­ we live, there can be no greater need. As In the June rulings, the Court dealt with tors in the Congress and non-doctors in the a recipient of support from the founda­ industry challenges to the FDA's across-the­ bureaucracy to determine which drugs can tion, the Arena Stage Theater Company board approach to the 1962 amendments re­ be used and which cannot 1s a dangerous has certainly manifested Congress leg­ qutring manufacturers to provide, within two manner through which to "control" the drUg islative intent. I applaud its success. years, substantial evidence of efficacy for market. thousands of prescription drug products mar­ Dr. Warren D. Smerud of Concordia Col­ keted in the previous twenty five years. Jus­ lege has made a suggestion which merits con­ tice William 0. Douglas said that case-by­ sideration. He writes that, "One alternative DETENTE DELUSION DEBUNKED case regulation may be "the way best to serve which may be worth considering would be to the public's needs" but said the public's allow the FDA to require labeling of all med­ needs are "opposed and paramount." Conse­ ications which FDA •experts' are not con­ HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN quently, "the comprehensive rather than the vinced are effective with a label simply no­ individual treatment may indeed be neces­ tifying the physician that the medication OF MASSACHUSETTS sary for the quick effective relief" from although recognized as 'safe' is not recog­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES medicines sold with unsubstantiated claims, nized as efficacious, or some equivalent in Tuesday, October 23, 1973 Douglas said. acceptable bureaucratese. Possibly some phy­ I! forbidden to proceed on a comprehen­ sicians would take such a notice as a quasi­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, a very per­ sive basis against "ineffective" prescription divine verdict; others, one suspects, would be ceptive editorial entitled "Detente Delu­ drugs it wanted to bar from sale, the FDA capable of an independent appraisal." sion Debunked" by Joseph G. Weisberg, would have to hold possibly 3,500 separate Beyond this, in a free society should not the distinguished editor of the Jewish hearings, "each one lasting probably for men and women have a right to take drugs Advocate, an extraordinarily fine weekly weeks," Douglas said. which all admit are "safe" but which some The Supreme Court has, in effect, said doubt are "efficacious?" Does freedom stop published in greater Boston and read that drugs may be removed from the market at the door to the doctor's office, or should it throughout the Nation. without a hearing. This is consistent with go beyond? Mr. Weisberg makes the point that it the FDA's view of its own authority. Counsel Hopefully, these questions and others con­ has been Russia which has planned and Peter Hutt stated, at the Food and Drug cerning the FDA will be asked-and an­ precipitated the war in the Middle East. Law Institute Conference in December, 1972, swered. The current dilemma can be per­ He notes that Russia has had designs on that, "Except where expressly prohibited, I mitted to continue only at great risk to the the Middle East since Czarist days and believe FDA is obligated to develop whatever health of the American people and to their innovative and creative regulatory programs freedom. Though few seem aware of it, the that an Arab victory would serve Rus­ are responsible and most appropriate to two--health and freedom-may have a rela­ sian purposes. achieve fundamental objectives laid down by tionship that also 1s worthy of consideration. I commend this very thoughtful and Congress. I am not at all certain that FDA persuasive editorial to my colleagues: has yet begun to explore the full reaches of DETENTE DELUSION DEBUNKED existing statutory authority." (By Joseph G. Weisberg) Mr. Hutt•s former law partner, Mr. H. AMBASSADORS OF GOOD WILL Thomas Austern of Covington and Burling It is ironic that the announcement Tues­ law firm in Washington, D.C. describes this day of the Nobel Peace Prize to Dr. Henry A. interpretation of agency authority in his HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN Kissinger should have come on the morning reply to Mr. Hutt: "It 1s no distortion of after the pledge by Russia to "assist in every OF . his (Mr. Hutt's) basic approach to read it way" the Arab war on Israel. The cynical So­ as meaning: Everything we want to do that 1s IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES viet decision not only dashed hopes for an immediate joint superpower move to halt the not specifically prohibited can be made man­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 datory, 1f we think it 1s in the public host111ty in the Middle East, but threw cold interest." Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, today we water on the Nixon Administration's passion­ Commenting upon th1s formulation of the welcome Washington's own Arena Stage ate pursuit of detente. FDA role, the National Ethical-Pharmaceuti­ Theater Company back from a tour 1n Yet Moscow's determination should come as cal Association declared that, "'If every at­ no surprise, for, 1f the truth be recognized, the Soviet Union. These ambassadors of there has been no Russo-American detente, torney of every government agency took a good will truly represent the most sincere similar position, there would be very little only the delusion of one. A look at the record need for a Congress to enact laws. Mr. Hutt efforts to bring the peoples of the Soviet of the past year will show that the United further believes that the FDC Act may be re­ Union and the United States together. States is held by the Soviet Union as a tea­ garded as a constitution granted to FDA by Their expression of detente was not bag to be dipped to satisfy its thirsts. The -the Congress. This General Counsel of FDA political nor economic, but a detente of craving for grain and favored nation status incredibly states further that judgment and the spirit. Through their portrayal of may have induced the USSR to speak softly, discretion play an even more important role "Our Town" and "Inherit the Wind," but it still speaks out of both sides of the "in the administration of the Act than does mouth. they reached out and lessened the gap of If detente were in Moscow's mind, it would "the statutory language itself: This not only understanding in a way that politicians violates legal principles, but also ignores the not have been laid low by the pledge to give actions and intent of Congress." and tourists cannot do. all-out support to the Arab cause in naked Unfortunately, the FDA is much like other As a strong supporter of the recently defiance of Secretary of State Kissinger's -administrative agencies in that it has be­ authorized extension of the National warning that "detente cannot survive ir­ come, more and more, a law unto itself, out­ Foundation for the Arts and the Hu­ responsib111ty in any area, including the Mid­ side of the effective control of the Congress. manities, I believe the fine arts are the dle East." Rather than having laws passed by the men The Soviet Union 1s pragmatic. It is also medium through which all can find mendacious and treacherous, as past actions and women they elect to Congress, and who understanding. must return to them at stated intervals for prove. It broke through on MIRV weapons -their approval or disapproval, Americans are As I said in a statement I made at the despite the SALT talks. It went back on its now subjected to a maze of rules and regu­ time the foundation was extended, the promise not to move up or install new mis­ lations and policy decisions which are made song of a bird may have no monetary sile sites on the Egyptian side of the Suez ·by non-elected government administrators-­ value, no cost-benefit ratio, and perhaps Canal exacted as a condition precedent to the 1970 Cea.sefire. Now it has reneged on "bureaucrats." no moral purpose, but its influence is its recent agreement with the United States Our government was created as one of nonetheless humanizing. In this sense, not to exacerbate the situation in the Mid­ strict checks and balances. In The Federalist the same must be said for the arts and east. Papers, "In James Madison states plainly: the humanities, for they reach the high­ Russia has a number of designs in the framing a government which is to be ad­ est form of expression, of history and Middle East: a desire since Czarist days !or ministered by men over men, the great dif- prophecy. And I would respectfully sug­ a warm port, a short trade route to the Far 1iculty lles in this: you must first enable the East, control of oil supply as control over government to control the governed; and in gest that we do not measure the suc­ the West, avallab111ty of Arab blllions !or her "the next place oblige it to control itself." To­ cess of a society or a civilization in terms own economic development, and the spread day, many of these controls are gone. of its gross national product, but in the of communism, among other objectives. The first thing that is needed with regard quality and the character of the men and Most of these goals con1llct with U.S. in­ lto the Food and Drug Administration is the women it produces. terests and those of ita allies. While, there- 34884 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 fore, it will serve Russian ends to have a.n Casals held deep convictions and, at It is ironic that the man who promised Arab victory, such victory would be a defeat times, spurned awards and honors which the Nation ''law and order" has wrought not only for Israel, but for the U.S. This war and that of 1967 would not have might compromise his personal beliefs-­ only disobedience to the law and disre­ occurred had not Russia seized upon Ara.b a quality which we have seen sorely lack­ spect for the Government; hostility against Israel to entrench herself ing in recent months. It is ironic that the man who said that in Arab lands through the supply and re­ This great musician, composer, con­ the Watergate affair belonged in the supply of billions of dollars worth of sophisti­ ductor, and world citizen chose to spend courts and not in the public arena, cated weapons. It can be assumed that Rus­ his latter years in Puerto Rico and dur­ flaunted the unmistakable order of the sian adventuriSm in the Middle East will stop ing the remainder of his life he made U.S. courts until impeachment pressure short of actual physical participation in com­ bat because of the risk of military confronta­ many significant contributions to the from Congress forced an apparent re­ tion with the United States. It is obvious, quality of life on the island-foremost of versal of that decision. however, that the Soviet Union is prepared which is the .annual Casals Festival Mr. Speaker, I view my action today to fight to the death of every Arab and Jew which attracts musicians and audiences in filing this impeachment resolution as to gain domlnion over that part of the world. from all parts of the world. It is most an affirmation of my faith in America Let's face it, this is more Russia's war than appropriate that his last composition­ and my trust in the American people. it is Arabdom's. A Hymn to Peace-was commissioned by This great Republic can survive the im­ In a display of hypocrisy that exceeds even the United Nations as this so accurately peachment of its President; but it can­ the hyperbole of "chutzpah," Russia bas branded Israel in the United Nations as a.n refiected his thoughts and background. not I fear survive 3 more years of doubt, "international gangster" and an "aggressor The esteem and respect in which Pablo cover-up, and Presidential disrespect for nation" and demands that she draw back to Casals was held by all peoples was aptly the law. her vulnerable 1948 borders, conveniently noted by the late philosopher Thomas overlooking her own enlarged frontiers drawn Mann when he declared that Casals "is over land formerly Finnish, Latvian, Esto­ one of those artists who come to the res­ THE AGNEW DISGRACE nian, Lithuanian and Polish. cue of humanity's honor." Pablo Casals Russian involvement in the Mideast con­ flict was assailed by Israeli Premier Golda was certainly an outstanding musician Meir in a heart-rendering state of the war because he was personally a great man. HON. JOHN E. MOSS message to the Knesset this week deploring I deeply lament his passing-both for OF CALIFORNIA the toll of ca.sualties. She was also scath­ myself and for future generations in this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing in her attacks on Britain and France. land and others. Britain, she said, has put an "embargo on the Tuesday, October 23, 1973 shipment of arms to Israel at a time when we Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, much has are fighting for our very life" and the shoot­ been written by journalists about the ing down of Mirage jets by Israell forces THE NATION CAN SURVIVE MR. proves that "Israel's repeated protests varied performances of former Vice against French sales of these fighters to Lib­ NIXON'S IMPEACHMENT; BUT President Spiro Agnew, but none has ya bas been justified." CAN DEMOCRACY SURVIVE MR. described his machinations more tell­ In contrast, she paid tribute to the United NIXON? ingly than Charles McCabe, in his pop­ States saying, "Its people and its govern­ ular column, the Fearless Spectator, ap­ ment are dear to us." pearing in the San Francisco Chroni­ Mrs. Meir concluded: "I am certain that cle on October 17, 1973. The column fol­ when we have succeeded in bringing our HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL enemies to the verge of collapse representa­ OF NEW YORK lows: tives of various states will not be long in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE AGNEW DISGRACE volunteering to try to save our atackers by Among the ceremonial duties delegated means of a ceasefire and then there will be Tuesday, October 23, 1973 by Mr. Nixon to his Vice President, Mr. considerable activity at the Security Coun­ Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, I have Spiro T. Agnew, was the presidential neurosis cil of the United Nations. At any rate, now today filed a resolution of impeachment about the press. When Mr. Agnew took after as in previous wars, the ceasefire depends against President Richard M. Nixon. us here "effete snobs" of the media, he was first and foremost on the strength of the as surely Charlie McCarthy as Mr. Nixon was Israeli armed forces." Although impeachment is an extraor­ Edgar Bergen. Israel has made it plain that she seeks dinary remedy to invoke against a sit­ That was before the summer of '73, when not troops from America. What she needs ting President, Mr. Nixon has made it Mr. Nixon got 1n deep trouble, and Mr. is planes, tanks and armaments to replace clear that he will not answer to any Agnew allowed, a little less privately than her heavy losses and electronic equipment to other process. He has proclaimed himself proved to be useful, that he could don the counter missile strikes. above the Iaw-above the courts, the purple without so much as an altered hem. In helping this doughty little nation Amer­ Congress, and the Constitution. That, too, was before Agnew got dumped ica helps herself. and confessed to a felony, and before his When the President fired Special 19-minute free TV whine of Monday. Watergate Prosecutor Archibald Cox, he That the political air is corrupt these did much much more than dismiss a days we do not have to be told. If your THE WORLD LOSES ITS "disobedient" subordinate employee, as breakfast has fully settled, let us consider GREATEST CELLIST Mr. Nixon's apologists would have us be­ the way Mr. Agnew used the press, and by lieve. Mr. Cox's appointment wa,s a re­ extension everyone who was affected by what sponse, in the first instance, to a widely the press disclosed, in his shameless pubUc HON. HERMAN BADILLO held belief throughout the country that plea bargaining to save his skin from going behind prison bars. OF NEW YORK the executive branch had been tarnished In his first plea bargaining sessions, which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by extreme corruption and that only a special and independent prosecutor could were admittedly set in motion by Mr. Nixon, Tuesday, October 23, 1973 a sentence in the slammer was apparently ferret out this corruption and restore the a condition insisted upon by Assistant At­ Mr. BADilLO. Mr. Speaker, in the Nation's faith in its Government in torney General Henry E. Peterson, represent­ death of Pablo Casals the world has not Washington. ing Justice. Mr. Agnew apparently figured only lost one of its greatest musical ge­ Archibald Cox stood for the rule of he could do better than this; but not in the niuses but also a great humanist and a law and the preeminence if constitution­ office of Mr. Peterson. staunch defender of democratic institu­ al government in a democratic America. After these bargaining sessions, late in September, Mr. Agnew entered upon as con• tions. Also, the people of Puerto Rico His appointment by former Attorney scienceless a program of hype as has been have lost one of their most distinguished General Elliot Richardson with the con­ seen in many a day. He yelled some more and beloved adopted sons. currence of Mr. Nixon, was a sacred con­ about his "purgatory," knowing he was A man of deep compassion and feeling tract entered into by the President with guilty as Cain. He put the heat on the White for his fellow man, Casals was a forceful the Congress and the American people. House. "I will not resign if indicted! I will and effective spokesman for the cause of Mr. Nixon has now deliberately breached not resign 1f indicted!" He waltzed into peace and opposition to tyranny, whether that contract; he has gone back on his the House demanding an impeachment of the right or left. Both his personal and word; he has violated his oath of office. hearing. professional lives were dedicated to the Mr. Speaker, there are a number of He began leaking portentous quotes to cause of peace and better understanding tragic ironies surrounding this terrible the weeklies. "I have been completely de­ among the peoples of the world. Pablo crisis: stroyed, in my judgment. My political future October 23, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34885 Is zero ... I am fighting for my integrity watches him playing in the summer mead­ tive Committee on the status of nonserv1ce and my reputation. That is more important ows. his doting mother always notices a connected pension legislation and told the now than any political office." Those words cluster of yellow butterfiys dancing almost body that a btll raising pension rates for were spoken when Mr. Agnew knew he was like a vapor above his head. They move with about two million veterans and widows is in guilty as Cain. him wherever he goes, accentuating his sun­ the final stages of consideration and that the He attacked Henry E. Peterson directly ny disposition. bill had passed both the House and Senate, 1! not by name as one of those who were The boy grows up, is drafted into WW I and that the Committees were in the proc­ ineffectual in getting to the bottom of the service and is sent to France. Eventually his ess now of working out the differences be­ and "are trying to recoup mother receives the dreaded telegram-miss­ tween the two bills. Chairman Darn predicted their reputations at my expense. I am a big ing in action. He is never found. that · agreement will be achieved soon and trophy." Comes the day for the burial of the Un­ expressed the hope that this bill could be The big trophy, in a super grandstand known Soldier in the heroes grave at Arling­ signed by the President in time for the vet­ play, had his lawyers sue a group of newsmen ton National Cemetery. The boy's mother is erans and widows to receive a raise in their to reveal their sources, especially of a quote present for the ceremony. Sorrowfully, she pension checks at least by January 1 of next attributed to Mr. Peterson: "We've got the wonders if the soldier being honored could year. Chairman Dorn said that the pension eVidence. We've got it cold." When he made possibly be her missing son. Against all odds, bill would provide about $246 million in ad­ his play Mr. Agnew knew this statement to could it possibly be he? ditional pension benefits for veterans and be the bald truth, whether Mr. Peterson Then suddenly she has her answer. For widows. said it or not. over the head of the casket, dancing like a Chairman Darn referred also to a bill which All these deviousities, all those brave grand vapor as it is borne toward the tomb, is a the House of Representatives passed in May speeches to adoring groups of Republican cluster of yellow butterflies. of this year that is aimed at making more at­ women, can now be seen as the efforts of tractive service in the Reserve and National a not-very-smart crook to keep out of jail Guard. This bill, which is presently pend­ at any cost. ing in the Senate, would provide 365 day in­ Th·e tactic worked, as we know. Mr. Nixon's VETERANS' AFFAIRS CHAIRMAN surance coverage under the Servicemens top political and personal priority had be­ DORN ADDRESSES AMERICAN LE­ Group Life Insurance Program for members come the dumping of his Vice President. of the Reserve and National Guard in The President would have paid anything to GION EXECUTIVE COMMITI'EE amounts up to $15,000. At the present time achieve this. He just about did. Mr. Agnew MEETING these individuals are covered only while they may see the inside of a slammer yet; but are actually engaged in training or on active it will not be the doing of Mr. Nixon. duty. The bill contains a provision which The whole scheme is a mighty depressing HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE would permit the reservist who has completed story. Brother Agnew went out with a at least twenty years service to retain his in­ OF TEXAS whimper. Not, however, without making :l. surance coverage after separation until he lot of bang bang noises. I, for one, feel ever IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reaches age 60 and becomes eligible for re­ so slightly had by the whl'le performance. Tuesday, October 23, 1973 tirement. Dorn said that this is one of sev­ Try as one might, you can't blame the eral provisions supported by the Department press or the telly in this instance. If the Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, of Defense and the Congress aimed at mak­ Vice President of the Republic decides to the distinguished chairman of the House ing Reserve and National Guard service more lie himself blue in the face about his probity, Veterans' Affairs Committee recently ad­ attractive. The Senate has not yet acted on what the hell can the press or anybody else dressed the National Executive Commit­ this bill, but Chairman Dorn said that he ex­ do? Public lying of this stripe is a serious pected them to do so in the near future. crime, but it's not on the books as such. tee of the American Legion in Indianapo­ Chairman Dorn lauded the American I'm far from suggesting that Democrats lis, Ind. Chairman DoRN spoke about a Legion for its cooperation with the Congress or Tories or Prohibitionists do not Ue. They number of important veterans' issues and commended the practical approach and most certainly do, since mendacity is the which are the subject of very serious con­ restraint of the organization. Chairman Dorn high road to public office. But few have used sideration by the Veterans' Affairs Com­ said, "Legislation practically conceived and the public with such cynical brutality as mittee of the Congress. executed with consideration for the other this desperate man. As the man said in the For the benefit of my colleagues, I in­ citizens of the nation who pay the tax bill North Beach bar, "There's no way you can is the correct way to benefit veterans. Under libel that guy." clude the text of the press release cover­ these guidelines we have been able to pro­ ing Chairman DaRN's remarks: duce a very good legislative program for vet­ PRESS RELEASE erans and their dependents this year. Upon In his report to the Legion's National Ex­ completion of the education bill and the JOE CREASON ecutive Committee, Dorn said that the Con­ pension bill, which are presently being con­ gress is presently engaged in processing two sidered, Congress will have achieved for vet­ important pieces of veterans benefit legisla­ erans additional benefits exceeding $800 mil­ tion that, when enacted, will improve bene­ lion." HON. TIM LEE CARTER fits for several m1llion veterans. Chairman "Execution of a program such as this is not easy," said Congressman Darn, "particu­ OF Dorn said that following lengthy hearings the Subcommittee on Education of the Vet­ larly when we must give careful considera­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erans Affairs Committee has reported a btll tion to the level of Government expendi­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 which would grant a 13.6% increase In edu­ tures. Success of this kind is dependent on cation and training allowances. Under this a cooperative approach between the veteran Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, just re­ formula, the rate for a single veteran would organizations, the Congress and the Admin­ cently I read this poignant story from the go from $220 to $250 per month for the full istration." pen of Joe Creason in the Louisville time trainee with the same percentage in­ Courier-Journal. I submit it for persual crease across the board for all other classes of of the Members. trainees and types of training. In addition, REMARKS BY ADM. E. R. The story follows: Chairman Darn said that the Education Sub­ ZUMWALT, JR. committee had recommended an extension JOE CREASON of two years for the period in which the vet­ How does one go about separating fact eran may take training. Under existing Law, HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT from fiction--or, perhaps better put, should a veteran must complete all his training one even attempt to separate fact from fic­ within a period of eight years. The Veterans OF tion-in what undoubtedly is a real, All­ Affairs Subcommittee has recommended an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American folk tale? additional two years. Tuesday, October 23, 1973 Today being Veterans Day, let me pass on a Dorn said that the Subcommittee had also simple little tale that comes encased in the recommended that the vocational rehab111- Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. barest framework of fact and you judge if tation program for disabled Vietnam veter­ Speaker, in view of recent weeks of de­ the absence of exact names, dates and places ans be made identical to the World War n bate and scrutiny over authorizations are important. program which was more liberal. The addi­ The tale comes to me from a Louisville and appropriations for our national de­ tional first year benefit cost of the legisla­ I friend, Herbert F. Hlllenmeyer, and was told tion recommended by the Subcommittee was fense needs, would like to share with to him many years ago by his m.other. When estlm.ated at $555 m.lllion. Chairm.an Dorn my colleagues some timely remarks made you read it, I think you'll understand why, said that he expected the full Committee to by Adm. E. R. Zumwalt, Jr., Chief of after all the years, he never sees a yellow act quickly and that he is striving to gain Naval Operations. butterfiy without thinking of the story. passage of the bill by the House as soon as Admiral Zumwalt, on October 11 ad­ The tlm.e 1s prior to World War I; the place possible and hopes that the blli can becom.e dressed the National Newspaper Ass~cfa­ a Midwest farm; the main character is a law before the Congress adjourns. tion's .88th Convention in Hot Springs, laughing, blond-headed little boy. As she Chairman Dorn briefed the Legion Execu- Ark. Smce he delivered this speech 1n my 34886 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 congressional district, I am inserting it and quality of personnel that we believe are trol Ship, in effect a small carrier which necessary to keep the Navy a viable force. We can handle up to 17 helicopters or vertical in the RECORD. In my judgment, his dis­ still have a difficult and demanding job to do take-off aircraft; a new class of patrol fri­ cussion of military responsibility and the in this area, and we are going to need your gate to give us the redundancy in weapons need for a more rational debate of issues help in getting across the very important platforms we need to carry out our anti­ merits attention and serious considera­ message that a career in our nation's armed submarine and anti-air requirements in fleet tion. services still is an honorable one. That it defense, and a new class of patrol hydrofoil REMARKS BY ADM. E. R. ZUMWALT, JR. offers our young people as fine an opportunity equipped with surface-to-surface anti-ship for career satisfaction as any other profes­ missiles to operate in the narrow seas areas I am delighted to have this opportunity to sion you might name. against large surface ships. Finally, in the be with you and to talk briefly about the We have also made considerable progress area of research and development, we are Navy, but equally important to me, to ex­ in retaining t;hose people who were already working on a Surface Effect Ship which press a few of my thoughts on the matter of on active duty in the Navy. Our reenlistment rides on a cushion of air and can travel at communicating with people from the per­ speeds up to 80 or 100 knats. It has the spective of my office and some of the experi­ rates for first-tour sailors have increased ences I have had in this area over the years. each year for the past three years, from about potential for revolutionizing war at sea with It would be presumptuous and naive of me 10% in 1970 to a current rate of about 23%. its abtlity to outrun submarines and even to attempt to lecture this group on the sub­ As you are probably aware, we have intro­ their torpedoes. ject of how to, or for that matter, how not to duced a host of changes designed to make I have greatly oversimplified the foregoing communicate with people. You have forgot­ service in the Navy a more desirable career. objectives, in the interest of not making this ten more about the technical nature of this These changes, coupled with recent pay in­ address run on all night. It is important subject than I, as a military officer, will ever creases, have, I believe, contributed in large for you to keep in mind, though, that I begin to know. I do believe, however, that I measure to these increased reenlistment thought these objectives, however simple in might possibly contribute something to this rates. concept, nevertheless proscribed the direc­ evening's discussion by passing along a few It was also, I might add, these series of tion in which we should proceed, consider­ observations from the perspective of an ob­ changes-which, for your information, ing the mood of the country at the time. I server and often a participant in the daily, amounted to more than two hundred ac­ still do. and often confusing, debate on national mili­ tions-that have been the subject of con­ Very soon after assuming my present post, tary priorities. siderable controversy both within and with­ I began to learn some very interesting things Before setting sail into those troubled out the Navy. I shall return to that later. about communicating with people, both waters, however, let me first touch lightly Finally, as to the matter of swords and within and without the Navy. Let's look first upon what it is that we in the Navy have plowshares, it was here that I found a com­ at the matter of the personnel initiatives. been up to in the past few years in order to bination of forces at work that appeared to When I assumed my present post in the set some frame of reference and perhaps me to require the greatest attention. summer of 1970, I was, of course, familiar explain how I found myself the subject of First, it was apparent that the mood of with something called a "NAVOP" message-­ and a participant in that debate on military the country was such that it would demand in essence, a telegram from the Chief of priorities. reductions in defense expenditures. At the Naval Operations to all ships and stations. As I am sure all of you know, the ques­ same time, however, I was faced with the "NAVOP" messages were the primary vehicle tion of our military and, in turn, our naval prospect of a rapidly aging U.S. Fleet and a for periodically passing the word to all hands budget has been the subject of considerable rising Soviet Navy, one which, for the first on matters of individual concern ranging discussion of late. The fundamental ques­ time since World War II, has become able from, say, advisories that a certain type of tion seems to break down to the simple mat­ to seriously challenge our abllity to maintain canned fruit was spoiled and it might be ter of whether or not we are spending too our maritime alliance, an alliance which has well to deep six it or risk food poisoning, to much for defense. been fundamental to the security of this matters of policy or ather topics of Navy­ As I enter the final nine months of my island nation of ours from more than three wide importance and interest. tour as Chief of Naval Operations, and look decades. It seemed to me a good idea to use this back at what has transpired in the preceding I am deeply concerned about this grow­ form of communications to get out the word three and a quarter years. I am more than ing Soviet Navy, but not because I believe on our personnel changes. However, I had had ever convinced that my original assessment that the Soviet Union will attack us, either enough experience to know that, by and of where we were in 1970-and what lay ahead with their substantial nuclear arsenal or their large, most people in the Navy knew that for the Navy-was correct. In my approach conventional land and sea forces. I am con­ NAVOP messages, while theoretically the to the job, I attempted to identify the major cerned, rather, with our known ability tore­ exact words of the CNO himself, were, 1n problem areas that I felt were the most press­ spond in a meaningful and convincing man­ fact, more likely those of a junior action ing and most influential on our future Navy. ner to any threat of possible military con­ officer whose job it was to look after canned It seemed to me then, as we wound down frontation by the Soviets-a response that fruit. Since I felt so strongly about the need the wa-r in Vietnam, that our people were is credible, believable and convincing enough for personnel changes, and having once been that friend or foe, alike, will clearly recog­ beginning to go ~nrough the same type of a CO myself on the receiving end of those psychological rejection of things military as nize that we have the military might to take NAVOPS, I decided that I would number we have seen after every war. A major dif­ any stand we perceive to be in our vital each that I personally put out starting with ference, however, was that disenchantment national interest. Z-1, Z-2 and so on up the ladder, so that all with Vietnam formed only a fraction of the The problem, then, was how to be respon­ of our people would know that it was indeed sociological forces involved. The American sive to this obvious desire to reorder our the CNO who personally put out the word. people also are more than ever determined national priorities and at the same time re­ Thus began, as the NAVY TIMES named to influence the direction of their own lives; construct a Navy that had reached a point them, the now-famous Z-Grams. more quick to question those established of near obsolescence in many areas in the I quickly learned several important lessons. institutions that those of us of the older face of the growing Soviet fleet. There was no doubt who was sending the I elected to go at this in two ways. First, message, but there were a lot more people generation took for granted, and more eager to ruthlessly cut back on the number of to turn to soc' ·.1 ills of the community. reading them than I thought would do so. aging ships and aircraft still in active serv­ Parenthetically, there also was an even larger Technological adva:.1ces in modern com­ ice in order to redirect the money used in munication!! helped provide the instant number who were not reading them but keeping them going into the construction thought they knew what was in them, any­ translation of these ideas and attitudes as of new equipment. Toward that end, your how. Third, despite the fact, as I mentioned never before, and from these came new fac­ Navy has, in the past five years, reduced in earlier, that more than two hundred -sepa­ tors that had to be considered in leading our size by nearly 47 %--down from 926 ships in rate personnel actions have been initiated military services: 1968 to a projected 522 ships by the end of We would soon see an end to the draft and by the 118 Z-Grams, only one really caught this fiscal year. We have also come down some the eye of the public and this one was im­ an all-volunteer armed forces. 22% in the number of our aircraft and some There was, and would continue to be, mediately and widely misunderstood. 17% in the number of personnel. It was at this point that I learned another severe questioning of military service as a At the same time, we have begun design suitable career for our young men and lesson, one that no public official should ever and construction of a number of new ships overlook: It is folly to presuppose that what­ women. which I like to refer to as a Bll-Lo mix. Sim­ ever makes sense to you will be equally clear The nation's desire to turn swords into ply put, this consists of a few high cost, plowshares needed to be recognized as a to everyone else. As a case 1n point, my "no­ highly effective ships such as our fourth nu­ sincere desire to do what is right, but at the torious" directive which changed hair stand­ same time should be considered in the light clear-powered alrcl"aft carrier, the CVN-70: ards was greatly misunderstood by the press. o! an undeniable need !or maintaining credi­ our Trident submarine and its long range and within and without the Navy, because table military forces for our nation's defense. missile system; the F-14 aircraft, the most we did a. poor job in explaining it at the very We have now reached that era. of an all­ advanced aircraft weapons system in the beginning by not spelling out clearly and volunteer Navy, and while we have gone world today; and the SSN-688 nuclear-pow­ exactly what the new standards were. Many through some growing pains in gearing up ered attack submarine. The low end at the were left with the impression that 1t was our recruiting effort to meet the challenge, I m.1X would be made up of larger numbers now permissible for sailors to let their hair am pleased to report that we are making of less costly ships. In this area we are plan­ grow down to their shoulders 1f they wished. good progress in obtaining both the numbers ping on a new ship known as the Sea Con- In fact, a sailor's hair must still present a October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34887 tapered appearance in the back, may not of the press in representing the publlc in like to include the text of an editorial hang over his collar, and his sideburns may its quest for that acccmnting. from the October 20 edition of the Wash­ come only to the bottom of his earlobe. I belleve that the press also has a respon­ ington Post entitled "Protecting the Big Thus it was I quickly learned that if you sibility to educate themselves on current want to get the message out you indeed defense issues as fully as they can. There are, Cypress.'' This is an excellent summary can do it, but you had best be sure you know of course, many reporters I could name of the needs and goals of the House who is receiving it and you have made your whose knowledge of the Pentagon is greater passed legislation and I commend it to point clearly. than my own. There are many others, how­ my colleagues in the other body. This, then, leads me to my final points on ever, who have a tendency to "tune out" PROTECTING THE BIG CYPRESS the matter of communicating with people. when the man in uniform speaks, or to dis­ Despite the daily abuses to the land by My first, in-depth experience iwth the press count his 30 or 40 years of military experi­ strip mining and continued neglect of such came during my time as Commander of our ence when stacked up against that of the national shorelines as Fire Island, occasional Naval Forces in Vietnam, where for some 20 non-governmental "military analyst" who notes of triumph are sounded. One of these months I was exposed to the Saigon press. has never flown a plane, never carried a recently came when the House of Repre­ During that time I believed I talked to rifle or nev~r been the target of enemy fire, sentatives approved legislation to establish just about every newsman and woman who and uses hiS lack of experience to qualify the Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida. covered the war wh ile I was there. Much has himself as being objective. Let me go on record for you, now, as I The Big Cypress Watershed-a true water­ been written and said about the job they shed, not the metaphorical kind-is a sub­ did in reporting on Vietnam. Opinions range have for your colleagues elsewhere, as stat­ tropical land area of about 2,450 square miles from S. L. A. Marshall's strong criticism of ing firmly that I believe completely that our in southern Florida. A signifl.cant part of the quality of press coverage of the war to military defense needs are a legitimate and vital subject for intense discussion and that is a central subbasin not yet exploited charges by a number of Saigon bureau chiefs by man. It 1s this subbasin-570,000 acres­ in 1969 that the military " ... is deliberately debate. What I find difficult to accept, however, that is proposed for preservation. withholding information from the news In few other places is nature so delicately media." is the growing tendency to assume that the man in uniform is overpaid, underworked, balanced. The flat land of the Big Cypress I suspect the truth, as usually is the case, ecosystem slopes seaward at a barely per­ lies somewhere in between and t h at Peter not too bright and, therefore, is not to be trusted in what he says. I just cannot buy ceptible two inches per mile and any varia­ Br.aestrup of t h e WASHINGTON POST put tion in the water level--due to man's tam­ it best: "We were right, I think, more often that, and neither should you. Only in the heat of combat is unquestion­ pering--can change the ecology of several than we were wrong," he said. "Whether that thousand acres of land. The Big Cypress lies is a sufficiently good collective batting aver­ ing obedience an inviolable rule. But in your own business, don't let yourselves be snowed north of the Everglades National Park, and age on a crucial story remains a question." more than half of the waterflow into the bays Regardless of one's opinlon of the cover­ by those who only ask questions, without putting forth rational solutions to the prob­ and estuaries of the park comes from the age of the war, I can report that I never once natural drainage systems of the cypress had my faith in a reporter betrayed and, so lems they like to discuss. No rational mllitary man will object to swamp. The House Committee on Interior long as the ground rules were clear on both and Insular Affairs did not exaggerate when sides, was never deliberately misquoted or criticism based upon knowledge, or questions stemming from a genuine desire to learn. it noted that "it is difficult to imagine an taken out of context. This had also been my area with more oustanding scientific values experience in my present job. What he does object to is polemics based upon ignorance and bias. Doubtless you feel than (the) Big Cypress-Everglades ecosys­ This is not to say that I have not been tem. Students of the evolution of life and criticized by the press nor that I do not ex­ much the same. In summary, I would like very much to the biologists will find the resources of this pect to come under fire from you or your area almost unequaled. It is equally impor­ colleagues again. I have, and I do, and I hope see a more rational debate of issues that need discussion. We have had enough po­ tant as a wildlife sanctuary. In addition to that I have the good sense and grace to the thousands of migrating birds which uti­ realize that this is what the game is all lemics during the past ten years and it is time that we get back to that utopian world lize the area as a feeding, nesting and rest­ about. After all, even Thomas Jefferson, de­ ing place, it provides the proper habitat for spite his claim that he preferred a nation of Keyes Beech, one of "mutual suspicion." I await your questions. more than 20 animals whose status has been without government to a nation without listed ... as rare, endangered, or otherwise newspapers, was accused by the press of be­ in jeopardy." ing an athiest, keeping a mistress, trying to Politics at its creative best has helped seduce a friend's wife and padding his ex­ protect this national treasure. Florida's state pense account. PROTECTING THE BIG CYPRESS legislature, persuaded by Gov. Reubin Askew, At this point, you might well conclude has put up $40 million for land purchases. either that I am pandering to your good in­ Committee chairman, Rep. James A. Haley tentions or that my relations with the press, HON. PAUL G. ROGERS (D-Fla.), combined both local and national as far as I am concerned, have been delight­ interests when he worked energetically for ful and I am satisfied with the status-quo. OP FLORmA the blll. In addition, the Interior Depart­ Neither of these conclusions would be cor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment has given solid support to the preserve rect. The fact of the .matter is, I am great­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 and agrees to the proposed $116 mlllion share ly disturbed by what I perceive to be a dan­ of federal money. What is now needed is gerous and unnecessary but continuing gap Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, on Octo­ immediate Senate action to pass slmiliar between public officials and you of the fourth ber 3, the House took one of the most legislation. Opportunities for enlightened estate. By this I do not mean to suggest that significant environmental actions of the policies toward the environment do not come the press and government should hold hands along every day. together and agree, as the song goes, that 93d Congress by passing legislation to everything is beautiful. It is not, and it prob­ establish the Big Cypress National Pre­ ably never will be. Keyes Beech of the Chi­ serve in Florida. I have worked with my colleagues in cago Daily News, whom I got to know in Viet­ IM­ nam, said, "The relationship between the in­ the Florida delegation for several years McCLOSKEY RESOLUTIONS ON formation officer and the press should be to bring this matter to the attention of PEACHMENT AND THE COX INVES­ one of mutual suspicion." I agree completely. the Congress and I am certainly gratified TIGATION FILES What worries me is that the gap has be­ come a gulch and, in too many cases, sus­ by this recent House action. I represent­ picion has become contempt. I think this ed most of the area know as the Big 1s a very dangerous state of affairs for the Cypress for 18 years until congressional HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. American public-the people both of us claim redistricting took this area out of my OJ!' CALIFORNIA to represent. I see examples of this almost district in 1973, and I am convinced that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES every day in carrying out my responsibili­ there is not a more unique, unspoiled Tuesday, October 23. 1973 ties as Chief of Naval Operations. I belleve area in the Eastern United States than that we in uniform are at fault and I be­ the Big Cypress. Mr. MCCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I have Ueve that some of the fault lles with the filed today two resolutions, the first seek­ press. Equally significant is the recent ac­ In the case of the muttary, there is sim­ tion of the State legislature and the ing to protect the integrity of the files ply no question of our responsibilities to the Governor of Florida in approving $40 of the Watergate special prosecution American people and one of the most im­ million of State money for acquisition of force abolished by the President last portant of those responsibilities is keeping lands in the Big Cypress. I am certa.inly Saturday, and the second a resolution of them informed of what we're doing and hopeful that the Senate will follow the impeachment specifying five instances why-insofar as security will allow. We must lead of the House and give this legisla­ of high crimes and misdemeanors which be accountable to that public for our ac­ tions 1n doing so. Much less understood tion speedy consideration. have been admitted 1n Presidential among my fellow omcers, however, 1s the role At this point ln the RECORD, I would speeches and news releases. 34888 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 The impeachment resolution does not of the United States Code in that in a pro­ a recent Peace Corps country directors include the President's refusal thus far ceeding pending before the United States conference in Monrovia, Liberia. District Court for the Southern District of Since 1962 Dr. Gardiner has been Ex­ to comply with the order of Chief Judge California, entitled, United States v. Ellsberg, Sirica of August 29, 1973, as modified the said Richard M. Nixon corruptly influ­ ecutive Secretary of the United Nations by the decision of the Court of Appeals enced, obstructed, impeded and endeavored Economic Commission for Africa head­ for the District of Columbia Circuit to influence, obstruct and impede the due quartered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. dated October 12, 1973. I am hopeful and proper administration of the law under A native of Ghana, he studied at Cam­ that the President will yet elect to com­ which such proceeding was being had before bridge and Oxford Universities and has ply with Judge Sirica's order. as modi­ such Court. been a lecturer at various universities fied. ARTICLE IV throughout the world. A career civil ser­ The resolutions are set forth in full The said Richard M. Nixon, commencing on vant both in the national and interna­ below: or about June 18, 1973, and continuing until tional fields, Dr. Gardiner is a worldwide October 23, 1973, committed high crimes and recognized authority on Africa. H. RES.- misdemeanors in that he willfully and know­ Resolved, That the Acting Attorney Gen­ ingly violated title 18, section 1510 of the It is, indeed, a great satisfaction for eral of the United States, to the extent not United States Code in that he willfully en­ those of us who have supported the Peace incompatible with the public interest, is deavored by means of bribery, misrepresenta­ Corps to have this man who is so involved directed to furnish to the House of Rep­ tion and int1mldation to obstruct, delay and in the development problems of Africa resentatives, not later than fifteen days fol­ prevent the communication of information speak so highly of the Peace Corps and lowing the adoption of this resolution, true relating to a violation of criminal statutes pay tribute to the work the organization copies of all papers, documents, recordings, of the United States to cr1mlnalinvestigators and its volunteers are carrying out in memoranda, and items of evidence in the employed by the Department of Justice of the Africa. custody of the Special Prosecutor and Di­ United States and by Archibald Cox. Special rector, Watergate Special Prosecution Force, Prosecutor and Director, Watergate Special At this point I would like to share with Archibald Cox, as of noon, Saturday, Octo­ Prosecution Force. my colleagues some excerpts from Dr. Gardiner's speech: ber 20, 1973. ARTICLE V The said Richard M. Nixon, on or about EXCERPTS FROM DR. GARDINER' S SPEECH H. RES.- July 15, 1970, committed a high crime and It is, however, most unrewarding to con­ A resolution for the impeachment of misdemeanor by issuing an order entitled Top centrate on worldwide and regional negotia­ Richard M. Nixon Secret Decision Memorandum, The White tions without preparing the domestic base, Resolved by the House of Representatives, House, Washington, D.C., July 15, 1970, For instance, in t he commodity market only That a Committee be appointed to go to the authorizing and directing agencies and em­ those who produce efficiently and at reason­ Senate and, at the bar thereof, in the name ployees of the United States Government to able costs can compete successfully in the of the House of Representatives and of all violate the constitutional rights of American sale of their products. It is only those coun­ the people of the United States, to impeach citizens to be secure in their persons, houses, tries which produce semi-manufactures and Richard M. Nixon, President of the United papers, and effects from unreasonable search manufactures who can hope to gain access States, of high crimes and misdemeanors in and seizure; such order specifically author­ for their products into the m arkets of the office, and acquaint the Senate that the ized and directed searches and seizures by industrialized countries. This has actually House of Representatives does hereby exhibit means of burglary, breaking and entering of happened. At present, only about 12 countries these particular articles of impeachment the mails and by wiretapping without proper are responsible for about 80 percent of the against him, and make good the same. order of the Court; that at the time of issuing export trade of developing countries in semi­ Articles exhibited by the House of Repre­ such order, the said Richard M. Nixon know manufactures and manufactures. Benefits the actions he was authorizing and directing from Africa's relations with Europe are also sentatives of the United States, in the name dependent on productivity and ability to take of themselves and all the people of the to be unconstitutional, illegal, and in viola­ United States, against Richard M. Nixon, tion of his oath of office as President of the advantage of opportunities offered in a com­ United States. petitive market. This is why the gra.ssroot President of the United States in mainte­ activities of voluntary agencies are so im­ nance and support of their impeachment portant. The approach of these agencies is against him for high crimes and misdemean­ realistic and of the population by the gen­ ors in office. eration of new ideas; the imparting of new ARTICLE I PEACE CORPS CONTINUES TO WIN skills; the provision of water; the improve­ Richard M. Nixon, President of the United FRIENDS ment of farming methods, storage, marketing States, commencing on or about June 18, and credit facilities; the increase in food pro­ 1972, and continuing through October 23, duction; and better nutrition and health, etc. 1973, committed high crimes and misdemean­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI In 1970, ECA took a count of the activities ors in that he wilfully and knowingly vio­ OF ILLINOIS of voluntary agencies and realized that they lated Title 18, Section 3 of the United States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were sponsoring about 20,000 projects. Thus Code in that knowing that offenses against these agencies with their seemingly mod­ the United States had been committed by Tuesday, October 23, 1973 est resources, reinforced with commitment G. Gordon Liddy, E. Howard Hunt and others and dedication, are fostering fundamental during their employment by the United Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, at a changes. States Government or by the Committee to time when many people in this country On close examination one discovers that Re-elect the President, the said Richard M. are doubting the validity and effective­ t he international voluntary agencies, the Nixon assisted the said G. Gordon Liddy and ness of our foreign assistance programs, United Nations system, bilateral donor insti­ E. Howard Hunt and others in order to hinder it is encouraging to see that the Peace tutions and volunteer services such as the and prevent their apprehension, trial and Corps continues to win friends not only Peace Corps and IVS, are all tackling socio­ punishment. in the United States but, most important, economic problems in Africa from different ARTICLE n in the countries that it serves, thereby angles. It is therefore necessary for us to be The said Richard M. Nixon, commencing fam111ar with what each member of this on or about June 18, 1972, and continuing proving to be one of our most effective very mixed group is doing, not merely in the through October 23, 1973, committed high foreign programs. negat ive sense of avoiding duplication but crimes and misdemeanors, in that he wilfully In working toward and achieving the rather more positively, to enable the mem­ and knowingly violated Title 18, Section 4 of three goals mandated by its enabling leg­ bers of this group to complement each ot her's the United States Code in that having islation: To help developing nations effort. knowledge of the actual commission of a meet their needs for trained manpower; Already Peace Corps is involved in a grow­ felony cognizable by a court of the United to promote better understanding of ing number of multilateral programmes in States on the part of G. Gordon Liddy, E. American people on the part of the peo­ connection with river blindness, rural health, Howard Hunt and others, the said Richard urban planning, smallpox eradication and M. Nixon concealed and did not as soon as ple being served; and to promote better rural development. This trend has the sup­ possible make known the same to some judge understanding of other peoples among port of OECD and the World Bank and some or other person in civil or military authority Americans, the Peace Corps is, indeed, of the countries involved Include Canada, under the United States. proving that there is still a spirit of ded­ the Netherlands, Gennany, Japan and Aus­ ication and service among the American tria. Some of the agencies workin g with the ARTICLE In people. Peace Corps such as CARE, Catholic Relief The said Richard M. Nixon, commencing on Service and OXFAM as well as the IVS, have or about June 15, 1971, and continuing until I have recently received a copy of a made working arrangements with ECA. It is on or about May 11, 1973, committed high speech delivered by Dr. Robert K. A. my hope that as a result of this conference, crimes and misdemeanors in that he willfully Gardiner, Executive Secretary of the s1m.llar arrangements may be entered into and knowingly violated title 18, section 1605 Economic Commission for Africa, during between Peace Corps and ECA. October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34889 At the beginning of the First Development is involving Africans in activities which were problems which further reduce the output Decade, the general idea was that the rate confined until recently, to a. few expatriate of the debilitated rural worker. Rural com­ of economic advancement could be measured supervisors in charge of banks of unskilled munities suffer from ignorance of better in terms of increases in the GNP and per labourers in such areas as urban planning, techniques to increase their output. African capita income. The generally accepted view housing, water and sewage systems, elec­ governments have emphasized repeatedly the now is that economic growth is necessary but tricity, road construction and in general, the need to introduce modern ideas into rural more as a rough indicator than as a target. provision of the physical infra-structure or areas and this is why most of them accord The idea was that overall growth measured social capital. There is a. training component top priority to agriculture and rural develop­ in quantitative terms would percolate in the public works programme which allows ment. The communities in rural areas partic­ through the community. This "trickle-down" for formal instruction in organized classes ipate actively in efforts to improve roads in notion of development does not appear to and acquisition of skills on the job. I have order to break their isolation, and in the provide a satisfactory explanation of the cited the public works sector as an illustra­ construction of clinics to facllitate the provi­ persistent poverty of the masses of the popu­ tion, but training on-the-job in courses, sion of medical care, and of schools and lation. The percolation of prosperity to all seminars and workshops informs all the other cmmunity centres to support formal educa­ levels of society is not taking place rapidly sectors in which the Peace Corps operates. tion and literacy classes. At present, the rate enough to relieve the poverty and deprivation By working alongside African technicians at which new ideas seep through into the of a great majority of the community. and artisans-in-training, Peace Corps Volun­ rural areas is very slow. Are there quicker The international strategy for the Second teers are helping African States to build up ways of promoting change? Are our methods Development Decade has shifted its emphasis a better appreciation of the middle-level per­ too cumbersome and expensive? These are from the quantitative approach as a measure sonnel and also giving such personnel a sense some of the issues which we need to examine. of economic advancement to the material of identity and inculcating in them a feeding The drought in the Sahel has drawn our well-being of populations. In this respect, of pride and work discipllne. · attention dramatically to the frailty of Af­ one may say that the UN system is beginning Work in the technical field illustrates more rican economies, especially rural economies. to catch up with the ideas and programmes than anywhere else, the increasing sophisti­ There is a threat of a world-wide grain short­ of the international voluntary agencies. cation of the needs of the African count ries. age. Up to now, a large number of African Agencies such as OXFAM have always placed This has already been observed by the Peace countries have been receiving food support special emphasis on agricultural development Corps and the pollcy of programming from under the PL-480 programme which is now including the training of young farmers; strength, to use the language of the Peace likely to be modified because the surpluses improvement of rural health, water systems Corps Plan for 1973, illustrates the fiexibllity have either already disappeared or are in the for irrigation, livestock and human needs; and pragmatic nature of the Peace Corps process of depletion. These developments put and basic vocational training in such skills programme. To paraphrase the implications an extra emphasis on the need to increase as carpentry, welding and auto-mechanics. of the Peace Corps approach: some parts of food production, an effort which the Peace All these activities include not just produc­ the US have special skills in irrigation; Amer­ Corps has been supporting actively. In this tion for one season or provision to satisfy an ican universities produce each year a large regard, the Peace Corps operating in 23 coun­ immediate need, but also the imparting of number of graduates in mathematics and tries in Africa can serve as a vehicle for the skiDs and knowledge which enable commu­ science; the executives and managers of some dissemination of the results of successful nities in developing countries to fend for of the most successful national enterprises experiments. One can think of the possible themselves. A recital of the main topics in and of powerful multinational corporations effect of sharing experience from the mini­ the programme of the Peace Corps, namely are products of American Schools of Business mum package programme of Ethiopia, the agriculture and rural development, formal Administration; the US can also claim ex­ Ujama village scheme of Tanzania, the feed and informal education, health, public works tensive and varied expertise in animal hus­ yourself campaign of Ghana, etc. and business advisory services demonstrates bandry; in education, experiments in mod­ The business and industry advisory pro­ how deeply involved the Peace Corps is in the ern techniques of teaching have been car­ gramme represents a. peace building effort. development process in Africa. ried on, on an immense scale in the US. All Historical reasons have confined Africans to I would like to single out certain signifi­ these are sources of strength of the Peace the role of small retail shop owners. In some cant features of the Peace Corps programme. Corps and if I interpret the policy correctly, countries, they did not attain even this mod­ The curricula of African schools are devoid the Peace Corps offers to assist in areas where est role before independence. As a result, of intensive programmes for the teaching of the US has established a reputation for com­ there is intense feeling against foreigners­ mathematics and science. African govern­ petence and excellence. I believe that pub­ even non-tribesmen who own and run enter­ ments appreciate this shortcoming but the licity should be given to this principle and prises. One should mention here the expul­ lack of teachers, laboratories and equipment if it were done, confidence in the Peace Corps sion of aliens from Ghana and several other has been a serious constraint. The most which is already great, would increase and countries and the nationalization of foreign serious has been the lack of teachers. Peace the value of a Peace Corps Volunteer would owned businesses, industries and banks. The Corps Volunteers are playing a vital role in be more fully appreciated. feeling is understandable, but African econ­ meeting this need--over 500 volunteers are Vocational and technical training will un­ omies are not likely to develop rapidly with­ teaching these subjects in African schools leash forces for development which are at out the participation of outside skills and and the demand is very likely to Increase. In present dormant. The masses of unemployed capital. Migration of skills has played and teaching these subjects, the Peace Corps is and underemployed persons are a drag on stlll continues to play, an important role in not merely serving the needs of the educa­ development. Their contribution to the na­ the advancement of economies in all parts of tional system, it is playing a significant role tional product is minimal. Their participa­ the world. The resentment against foreigners in laying the basis for the application of tion in the exchange economy is insignificant and the fear of economic domination will science and technology to economic and so­ and their place as part of the market, namely undoubtedly diminish when enough Africans cial development in Africa. consumers, assisting in the circulation of enter business and industry as sole owners or Low productivity is also the result of the purchasing power is unfilled. With the spread partners of industrialists and traders al­ general lack of skiDs. Most African countries of education, a rapid population growth and ready in the field. Moreover, relations between have little or nothing in the way of voca­ the exodus from the rural areas, there is African states and multinational corporations tional and technical education or even an no doubt that the most serious challenge to are likely to improve when more Africans un­ effective apprenticeship system. True, in­ social and political stability as well as eco­ derstand industrial operations and can ne­ digenous tradition provided for some form of nomic advancement in Africa, is the growing gotiate effectively on behalf of their govern­ apprenticeship but this was mostly in con­ number of unemployed. This is an area where ments. It is therefore very necessary to have nection with activities which approximate all agencies, bilateral, multilateral and a programme which helps small businessmen more to subsistence production than to pro­ voluntary, should explore and institute pro­ and trains Africans to qualify as supervisors, duction for a market economy. Moreover, the grammes to cope with the situation. Already, executives and managers. educational system has led to a structure of the ILO is taking a lead in this area and has The language training programme of the the labor force which consists of a large num­ undertaken studies in a number of countries Peace Corps is a unique service. Technical ber of unskilled labor on the one hand, and including Kenya. About five other African assistance in language teaching from the a sprinkling of professionals, with little or countries are on the waiting list. former metropolitan countries has been di­ nothing, in between. In other words, the mid­ In at least three areas-agriculture, health rected to schools in the ex-colonial terri­ dle of thhe pyramid of skiDs consisting of and rural development--the Peace Corps is tories-the United Kingdom to English­ technicians, craftsmen and ancillary person­ playing a significant role in checking what speaking countries and France to franca­ nel in agriculture, trade and industry is miss­ may be described as the "sucking under­ phone countries. The Peace Corps, on the ing. This is where a radical socio-economic tow" which drags down societies into pov­ other hand, has been teaching English and change in Africa must start. The masses of erty or at best, holds back development. training prospective teachers of English in farmers and potential middle-grade person­ Among the multiple causes of low produc­ French-speaking countries. nel constitute a very powerful lever for eco­ tivity and poverty, hunger, disease and igno­ As you know, the continent of Africa is nomic expansion. They form the market for rance feature prominently. The underfed virtually cut up into anglophone and franca­ agricultural as well as industrial products. and undernourished African worker is often phone segments. Under such circumstances, The Peace Corps has been active in the described as being lazy, sluggish and un­ the teaching of English by about 380 volun­ field of vocational and technical training. The productive. The lack of water systems, sani­ teers in French-speaking Africa is a mission urban development and publ1c works sector tary and social amenities aggravate health of reconciliation. African States have rec- 34890 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1978 ognized the need to be able to share ideas in organizations serve to emulate the senti­ the Advisory Committee Act and the Free­ their principal working languages and have ments which inspire them. dom of Information statutes. In addition, it resolved that French and Engltsh be taught was pointed out that the Committee had 1n their secondary schools--English 1n failed to provide the advance-notice required French-speaking States and French 1n Eng­ NACOA FINALLY HOLDS A PUBLIC by statute and by White House guidelines. lish-speaking ones. There is another impor­ MEETING After a delay of almost one hour, four tant aspect to the language teaching pro­ police guards were called in to escort the gramme. A modern language 1s a key to the Trends representative from the building. world beyond the confines of an African HON. DAVID R. OBEY Nierenberg is Director of the Scripps In­ State. Sometimes, even within the nation­ OF stitution of Oceanography and a member of state 1n many instances, there 1s no national the informal Science and Engineering Coun­ language and a foreign language serves as a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cil (SEC) organized by supporters of Presi­ medium of communication and instruction. Tuesday, October 23, 1973 dent Nixon in the last campaign. (Science Apart from solving the immediate problems, Trends, April 30-May 7, 1973). I believe that the techniques introduced by Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, the National NACOA is composed of 25 members ap­ the Peace Corps, if well mastered, can be ap­ Advisory Committee on Oceans and At­ pointed by the President from state and local plied to the teaching of indigenous languages mosphere--NACOA-wtll hold a public governments, industry, science and other in­ as well. meeting this Friday and Saturday-at terests. The group is preparing a report re­ Peace Corps activities in the field of edu­ least "to the extent of the very limited quested by Congress, covering such topics cation, lllustrate changes in the demand and seating available on a first come, first as coastal zone management, energy, min­ the complexity in the requirements of erals, living resources, ocean science, atmos­ African countries. Assistance has been pro­ served basis"-and it is about time that pheric programs, engineering support and vided for teaching in primary schools, in NACOA did so. operations. secondary schools and teachers training in­ Last May, NACOA gave unlawfully Trends Publishing has covered a number stitutes. The pattern has more or less fol­ scant 1-day notice that it was going to of similar advisory committee meetings since lowed very closely the evolution and expan­ hold a closed meeting-such brief notice the Advisory Act went into effect, without sion of education 1n newly independent that anyone wishing to challenge the encountering any opposition from Depart­ States. Provision has been made for special- closure decision under the Federal Ad­ mental or committee officials. 1st courses such as industrial arts, curric­ Opening the committees to press coverage ulum development, physical training, home visory Committee Act was precluded in this manner has resulted in news stories economics, use of mass media, library sci­ from doing so. A representative of on such topics as the artificial heart program, ence, audiovisual aids, the organization and Science Trends wanting to attend the coal/gas conversion, National Science Foun­ operation of national archives and help to meeting then challenged in the only way dation summer faculty support, cadmium African universities to improve the qualifica­ left-by refusing to leave-and was emissions, science information programs, tions of their lecturers. The trend has been escorted from the premises by four urn­ radiation/drinking water standards, energy from direct teaching to the training of train­ formed Federal guards. programs, and other matters of scientific and ers. This is as it should be; because the effort On September 18, when NACOA an­ technical interest. of the Peace Corps is expected to have a Committee members have ordered, and multiplier effect. nounced in the Federal Register it would Trends has not contested, a policy which It seems to me that the Peace Corps has be meeting September 27 through 29 and closes such meetings when competing grant grown in stature and matured in ideas. An that the first day's session would be applications are under discussion, or when ideal volunteer is described as "a partic· closed to the public for "discussion of classified national security matters are ipant in the process of development, living pending legislation," I inserted the meet­ involved. with people in rural areas, working with ing notice in the RECORD and pointed out However, the NAOOA action was the first them, talking their language". The qualities that- instance in which Trends has been barred on expected of a volunteer are very exacting and other grounds, which would appear to violate are in this respect, in keeping with the high First. The proposed closure did not ap­ the Congressional mandate that advisory ideals of the late President Kennedy whose pear to comply with the Federal Advisory committee meetings "shall be open to the administration created the Corps. The Committee Act; public." volunteers' methods of working with people Second. NACOA's eagerness to retreat NACOA and Department officials based is a key factor in development. It makes it behind closed doors to discuss pending their action on the grounds that the Com­ possible for people 1n rural areas to observe legislation did not square with the tough mittee would discuss "working documents'' change taking place before their very eyes. talk it had used in the annual report to and "exchanges of opinions and discussions This in itself, will influence and change the President and the Congress it filed on which, if written" would be exempt from attitudes. Freedom of Information statutes. The importance of this 1s summed up in June 29. The "if written" clause is being viewed bj the observation "Money (all forms of aid) To provide a detailed account of that the press as a major loophole which permits can narrow the gap. Only people can bridge NACOA meeting last May, highlight re­ agencies to close advisory sessions, virtuallj it." We may not all be good linguists, but lated problems, and indicate what the at will. when the people amongst whom we work Federal Advisory Committee Act's open­ A similar opinion is being pressed in Wash­ notice that we are trying, it increases their meeting requirement has meant in terms ington by the Institute for Public Interest confidence in us. I notice that the Peace of the greater availability of health and Representatltm, which is affiliated with the Corps disavows all claims to being "an eco­ Georgetown University Law Center. nomic planning and development agency." science news, I should like to insert items Jane Dolkart, an attorney-member of the Perhaps they do not wish to be mistaken for from the issues of Science Trends for group, which is preparing several court chal­ bodies like the Economic Commission for May 14 and October 8, sent to me by its lenges, said that there is nothing in the legis­ Africa. I do not blame them. But the im­ editor, Art Kranish, as well as NACOA's lative history of the Advisory Committee portant principle which emerges from this notice of public meeting from the Fed­ Act or the Act itself pertaining to an ex­ disavowal is the recognition of the fact that eral Register of October 19. change of views. rural communities have some ideas of their The material follows: "Such committees," she said, "almost by needs even if they are unable to satisfy them. definition, exist to give advice to an agency, On the o1!her hand, the Corps 1s not obliged COMMERCE BARS PRESS and there will almost always be an exchange to respond positively to every request. This Four uniformed Federal guards ejected a of views. This kind of rationale could be used is a basis for mutual respect and trust. In representative of Science Trends from a gov­ to close virtually all advisory meetings." this sense, a volunteer is essentially a skllled ernment agency this past week to prevent In their discussions, before the Trends rep­ person who responds to a request to perform press coverage of an advisory group drafting resentative was forced to leave the NACOA a specific task. a national report on marine and atmospheric meeting room, officials generally conceded In the documents concerning the Corps, policies and programs. that they had failed to follow statutory re­ there are references to bi-nationalism which The action was ordered by Commerce De­ quirements of reasonable advance notice of" I interpret to mean that the Corps attempts partment officials despite a Congresssional such meetings, which has been interpreted to find a. local base so that it does not appear mandate opening such meetings to members by the White House Office of Management and or act as an allen imposition on host coun­ of the press and public, under the Federal Budget as requiring at least ten days advance tries. In many parts of Africa, there are Advisory Committee Act of 1972. notice in the "Federal Register." signs of the beginnings of local volunteer or­ Chairman W. A. Nierenberg of the Na­ NACOA did not file its notice With the ganizations, work camps as well as national tional Advisory Committee on Oceans and Federal Register until Tuesday, May 8, for­ service corps organized by governments. If Atmosphere (NACOA) refused to open the publication in the edition of May 9. The there is any possibility of some links being scheduled meeting at Commerce Department meeting was held Thursday, May 10, as had established it is possible to find a formula. headquarters until the Trends representa­ been planned several weeks ago. Which will enable the youth of the countries tive agreed to leave. A Committee member suggested that this which the Peace Corps and other Volunteer The request was declined on the basis of delay was inadvertent, and added that news October 23, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34891 media representatives were probably too sen­ Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. rapid growth to its present position as one of sitive as to such matters as the result of the Both sessions will begin at 9 a.m. the world's leading communications com­ Watergate scandals. The Committee, consisting of 25 non-Fed­ panies. According to a report released this past eral members appointed by the President He built the foundations for this enter­ week by the Office of Management and Budg­ from State and local governments, industry, prise with his prior leadership of The Times, et, there were more than 1400 advisory com­ science, and other appropriate areas, was es­ of which he was the third publisher. mittees in existence in 1972; representing a tablished by Congress by Public Law 92- As a businessman, he presided over some substantial growth from the time when 125, on August 16, 1971. Its duties are to: of the greatest expansion in the history of George Washington appointed the first such (1) Undertake a continuing review of the The Times, and left lt firmly established on group, to assist him in dealing with the progress of the marine and atmospheric sci­ a sound economic base. Whiskey Rebellion. ence and service programs of the United As a newspaperman, he laid the ground­ Officials estimated that such committees States, (2) submit a comprehensive annual work for the comprehensive metropolitan cost the government approximately $25 mil­ report to the President and to the Congress daily of news, opinion, entertainment and lion per year, in addition to the time spent setting forth an overall assessment of the information that The Times has become. by Federal employees involved in committee status of the Nation's marine and atmos­ As a person, he brought to The Times efforts. pheric activities on or before June 30 of each those values he expressed last December year, and (3) advise the Secretary of Com­ whlle thinking back on his leadership: "I merce With respect to the carrying out of the wanted to be fair to all sides, to all people. I AGENCIES OPEN ADVISORY MEETINGS purposes of the National Oceanic and Atmos­ wanted The Times to be respected by our Three Federal agencies decided this past pheric Administration. readers and by our advertisers. But, above all, week to open previously-closed advisory com­ A general agenda consists of the follow­ I wanted to render the greatest possible pub­ mittee meetings, following protests by ing topics: lic service that a publication could." Trends Publishing, Inc., that they were fall­ "Friday the 26th-agency briefings on Fed­ To public service in the ordinary sense of ing to follow laws and regulations. eral programs related to multiple-use man­ the phrase he was no stranger. He served on The protests were made by Trends on the agement in the coastal zone and offshore many boards. He was a trustee of USC and, basis of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, areas of the United States. for more than 30 devoted years, of Caltech. which sets forth a National policy of "open" "Saturday the 27th-review of NAOOA He worked, often quietly but always power­ meetings bet ween government officials and draft study on marine science. Discussion of fully, on many civic enterprises. He energe­ advisers from outside the government. NACOA work in progress and plans !or fu­ tically supported the successful efforts of As previously reported (SCIENCE TRENDS, ture meetings." his wife, Dorothy Buffum Chandler, to keep 5/14/73 and 9/10/73), the law, when ob­ The public will be admitted to the ex­ open the Hollywood Bowl, and then to build served by the agencies concerned, has made tent of the very limited seating available the Music Center An abiding special in­ available a wide variety of scientific and on a first come, first served basis. Questions terest of his was the Times financed multi­ technical information. from the public will be permitted during tude of facilities and activities for young The developments of the past week, open­ specific periods announced by the Chairman. people. ing meetings to the press and pubic, each Persons wishing to make formal statements But for Mr. Chandler, public service meant represent a reversal of policy, since the ses­ must notify the Chairman in advance of the chiefly public service through The Times and sions were originally expected to be closed. meeting. The Chairman retains the preroga­ its parent company, Times Mirror, and it was The agencies and the meetings include: tive to place limits on the duration of oral to these that he devoted more than 50 years The National Advisory Committee on statements and discussions. Written state­ of wise attention, balancing a sharp eye for Oceans and Atmosphere.-This group, which ments may be submitted before or after each detail With a long view of what The Times has never held an open meeting in Wash­ session. and Times Mirror were to become. ington, held two days of open sessions to Additional information concerning this That view encompassed the fut ure excel­ discuss, in considerable detail, the status meeting may be obtained through the Com­ lence of The Times as a newspaper, and the and future prospects of subjects ranging mittee's Executive Director, Dr. Douglas L. growth of Times Mirror as an enterprise. from marine pollution to short-term weath­ Brooks, whose malling address is: National On the business side of the paper, he early er forecasts. This advisory committee de­ Advisory Committee on Oceans and At­ undertook a process of modernization that ployed uniformed guards earlier in the year mosphere, Department of Commerce Bulld­ is still going on. On the editorial side, he be­ to prevent press coverage of similar sessions. ing, Room 5225, Washington, D.C. 20230. The gan the shift from a paper of moderate size The Atomic Energy Commission.-This telephone number is 967-3343. and modest ambitions to The Times of 1973. agency originally announced that its Re­ Issued in Washington, D.C., on Octo­ When he was publisher of The Times, from search Subcommittee would hold closed ber 16, 1973. 1944 to 1960, the paper under his direction meetings in Washington, Oct. 8-9. Trends DoUGLAS L. BROOKS, campaigned for the economic and cultural protested, and also pointed out that, con­ Executive Director. development of Los Angeles, for improved trary to law, the agenda was being kept [FR Doc. 73-22269 Filed 1Q-18-73; 8:45a.m.] highways, for cleaner air. He was a vigorous secret. AEC subsequently decided to open defender of the free press. most of the meeting, and disclosed that After relinquishing the title of publisher basic research aspects of coal as an energy in 1960, he led Times Mirror, as chairman of source, including gasification and liquefac­ NORMAN CHANDLER the board and later as chairman of the ex­ tion, would be discussed. ecutive committee, into the program of ex­ The National Science Foundation.-This pansion that has made it the nation's lar­ agency scheduled meetings with represent­ gest communications company. atives of scientific societies and industry, HON. DEL CLAWSON To the thousands of persons here and and turned down requests by Trends to have OF CALIFORNIA around the world who know Norman Chand­ the sessions open. FolloWing a subsequent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ler in his business and public capabilities, he protest, Director H. G. Stever agreed to per­ was man of dignity and gentle forcefulness. mit the press and public to attend his Oct. Tuesday, October 23, 1973 Those who know him more intimately had 24 meeting with members of the industrial Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, the the great good fortune to know even bet­ scientific research community. They Will be ter his indelible personal qualities: his un­ permitted to take notes, submit questions loss of Norman Chandler, so long associ­ failing thoughtfulness, his natural courtesy, or statements in writing, and may ask ques­ ated with a great newspaper, the Los his resolute, unpretentious courage, his tions at a closing press conference. Angeles Times will be deeply felt in the steadfast allegiance to family, to friends, to In the case of AEC and NSF, Trends was entJ.re community in southern California associates and to conscience. represented by the Institute !or Public In­ served by that newspaper. His leader­ terest Representation, Georgetown University ship in civic affairs will also be keenly Law Center. missed. Today's issue of the Los Angeles Times contains an editorial tribute which IMPEACHMENT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON OcEANS I commend to the attention of my col­ AND ATMOSPHERE leagues in the House. The editorial fol­ NOTICE OF MEETING lows: HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE The National Advisory Committee on [From the Los Angeles Times, Oct. 23, 1973] OF Oceans and Atmosphere (NACOA) Will hold NORMAN CHANDLER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a 2-day meeting on October 26-27, 1973. The Norman Chandler, whose memory wm be Tuesday, October 23, 1973 meeting will be open to the pubUc. All ses- honored by famlly, friends, associates and sions wlll be held in room 6802 of the U.S. civic leaders today ln private services, was Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, when the Department of Commerce Bulldlng 14th and the principal architect of Times Mirror's subject of impeachment 1s under discus- 34892 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 sion by many, these writings and re­ that of October, 1778, the jagir was secured, PRESIDENTIAL LAWLESSNESS marks of Alexander Hamilton, Richard which was allotted for the support of the WARRANTS IMPEACHMENT Sheridan, and Edmund Burke may be of women of the Khord Ma.hal. But stlll the prisoner pleads that he is not accountable interest. for the cruelties which were exercised. His is ALEXANDER HAMILTON, 1787, "THE FEDERALIST the plea which tyranny, aided by its prime HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL PAPERS," PAGE 416 minister, treachery, is always sure to set up. OF NEW YORK The President of the United States would Mr. Middleton has attempted to strengthen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be liable to be impeached, tried, and, upon this ground by endeavoring to claim the conviction of treason, bribery, or other high whole infamy in those transactions and to Tuesday, October 23, 1973 crimes or misdemeanors, removed from of­ monopolize the guilt. He dared even to aver Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, never be­ fice; and would afterwards be liable to prose­ that he had been condemned by Mr. Hast­ fore in America's history has there been cution and punishment in the ordinary ings for the ignominious part he had acted. course of law. The person of the King of He dared to avow this because Mr. Hastings a Presidential administration so marked Great Britain is sacred and inviolable; there was on his trial, and he thought he never by lawlessness and callous disregard for is no constitutional tribunal to which he is would be arraigned; but in the face of thiS human rights. amenable; no punishment to which he can court, and before he left the bar, he was com­ President Nixon's latest actions in de­ be subjected without involving the crisis of pelled to confess that it was for the lenience fiance of a court order to turn over the a national revolution. In this delicate and and not the severity of his proceedings that tapes of telephone conversations relating important circumstance of personal respon­ he had been reproved by the prisoner. to Watergate is an inexcusable under­ sib11lty, the President ... would stand upon It will not, my lords, I trust, be concluded no better ground than a governor of New that because Mr. Hastings has not marked mining of our system of justice. But we York, and upon worse ground than the gov­ every passing shade of guilt, and because he should not be surprised by the events ernors of Virginia and . has only given the bold outline of cruelty, of the past few days. We should not be he is therefore to be acquitted. It is laid surprised in the firing of Archibald Cox Richard Brinsley Sheridan in 1787 de­ down by the law of England, that law which and the total dismantling of the Special livered a 5-hour speech against Warren is the perfection of reason, that a person or­ Prosecutor's office. We should not be Hastings, Governor General of India. De­ dering an act to be done by his agent is surprised at the President's attempts to spite widespread acclaim-Lord Byron answerable for that act with all its conse­ quences, quod facit per alium, facit per se. thwart the course of justice. America called it "The very best oration ever con­ has had ample warning of the lawless­ ceived or heard in this country"-no full Middleton was appointed in 1777 the confi­ dential agent, the second self of Mr. Hast ­ ness of this President. copy of this address exists. A short ex­ ings. The Governor General ordered the Tale after sordid tale of the Presiden­ cerpt will give an idea of its style. measure. Even if he never saw nor heard tial abuses have emerged since Richard The public capacity of Mr. Hastings ex­ afterward of its consequences, he was there­ M. Nixon took office in January of 1969. hibits no proof that he has any just claim fore answerable for every pang that was in­ His latest indication of contempt for the to .. . greatness. We see nothing solid or flicted and for all the blood that was shed. penetrating, nothing noble or magnanimous, But he did hear, and that instantly, of the courts, the Constitution, and the Con­ nothing open, direct, liberal, manly, or su­ whole. He wrote to accuse Middleton of for­ gress is consistent with his previous be­ perior, in his measures or his mind. All is bearance and of neglect. He commanded him havior and his prostitution of the high­ dark, insidious, sordid and insincere. Wher­ to work upon the hopes and fears of the est office in the land. ever he has option in the choice of his ob­ princesses, and to leave no means untried, The entire Watergate episode with its jects, or his instruments, he instinctively until, to speak his own language, which was political sabotage, political espionage settles on t he worst. His course is one in­ better suited to the banditti of a cavern, variable deviation from rectitude. And the and attempted coverup is only one exam­ "he obtained possession of the secret hoards ple of this lawlessness. only trace or vestige of system discernible in of the old ladies." He would not allow even the whole of a dozen years' administration is of a delay of two days to smooth the com­ There is also the fact of illegal cam­ that of "acting without any." The serpent pelled approaches of a son to his mother paign contributions which helped fund may as well abandon the characteristic on this occasion! His orders were peremptory. his reelection. obliquity of his motion for the direct flight After this, my lords, can it be said that the There is also the fact of special favors of an arrow, as he can excuse his purposes prisoner was ignorant of the acts or not cul­ granted by the Nixon administration to with honesty and fairness. He is all shuffiing, pable of the consequences? It iS true he did big political contributors. twisting, cold and little. There is nothing not direct the guards, the famine, and bludg­ There is also the fact of the White open or upright, simple or unmixed. There eons; he did not weigh the fetters, nor num­ is by some strange, mysterious predominance ber the lashes to be inflicted on his victims; Hou.se plumbers unit which conducted in his vice, such a prominence as totally but yet he is just as guilty as if he had borne illegal burglary raids on the office of shades and conceals his virtues. There is, by an active and personal share in each trans­ Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist. some foul, unfathomable, physical cause in action. It is as if he had commanded that There is also the fact of the admin­ his mind, a conjunction merely of whatever the heart should be torn from the bosom, istration's blatant attempt to bribe the is calculat ed to make human nature hang its and enjoined that no blood should follow. Federal judge conducting the Ellsberg head with a sorrow or shame. His crimes are He is in the same degree accountable to the trial by offering him the position of Di­ the only great thing about him, and theEe law, to his country, to his conscience, and are contrasted by the littleness of his mo­ to his God! rector of the Federal Bureau of Investi­ tives. He is at once a tyrant, a trickster, a gation. visionary, and a deceiver. He affects to be a In the same debate, in 1788, Edmund There is also the fact that the Depart­ conquerer and law-giver, an Alexander and Burke closed with these words: ment of Justice illegally wiretapped peo­ a Caesar; but he is no more than a Dionysius I impeach Warren Hastings, Esquire, of ple whose political views differed from and a Scapin . . . He reasons in bombast, high crimes and misdeameanors. those of the President. And the White prevaricates in metaphor, and quibbles in I impeach him in the name of the Com­ House illegally wiretapped employees of heroics. mons of Great Britain in Parliament as­ the National Security Council. And it Like a vulture with her harpy talons sembled, whose parliamentary trust he has grappled into the vitals of the land, they betrayed. illegally wiretapped high level otncials in flap away the lesser kites, and they call it I impeach him in the name of the Com­ Senator MusKIE's campaign staff. protection. It is the protection of the vulture mons of Great Britain, whose national There is also the fact of White House to the lamb. character he has dishonored. lying and covering up the illegal bomb­ On June 13, 1788, Sheridan spoke at I impeach him in the name of the people ing of Cambodia, denying the truth to of India, whose laws, rights, and liberties the Hastings trial : Congress and the American pepole. he has subverted; whose properties he has There is also the fact of President The inquiry, which now only remains, my destroyed; whose country he has laid waste lords, 1s whether Mr. Hastings is to be an­ Nixon's impoundment of money appro­ swerable for the crimes committed by his and desolate. priated by Congress for crucially needed agents. It has been fully proved that Mr. I impeach him in the name, and by virtue, housing, health, employment, and edu­ Middleton signed the treaty with the superior of those eternal laws of justice which he has cation programs. begun in October, 1778. He also acknowl­ violated. There is also the fact of President I impeach him in the name of human edged signing some others of a different date, Nixon's illegal effort to dismantle the but could not recollect the authority by nature itself, which he has cruelly outraged, which he did it! These treaties were recog­ injured, and oppressed in both sexes, in omce of Economic Opportunity and to nized by Mr. Hastings, as appears by the every age, rank, situation, and condition of unlawfully allow Howard Phillips to evidence of Mr. Purling, ln the year 1780. In life." serve as Acting Director of OEO. October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34893 There is also the fact of the misuse wife. In fact she ana her husband, Jack, ited sovereignty" formulated by Leonid of Federal funds to improve the value of will be celebrating their 50th wedding Brezhnev 10 years later to justify the private property owned by Richard M. anniversary next year. Let me at this Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia. Nixon in California and Florida. time be the first to offer them my sin­ If the arrest of Imre N~gy and his as­ There is also the fact of special privi­ cerest congratulations and best wishes sociates was illegal, his trial was an even leges given by Federal regulatory agen­ for continued happiness. Betty Banks more flagrant violation of both the in­ cies and executive departments to the over the years seems to have an uncanny ternational obligations undertaken by personal friends of the President. ability to defy age. Her boundless energy the Government of Hungary and the It is time to see that the perpetrators and youthful looks at age 68 make Hungarian law in force at that time. of illegal actions connected with Water­ women 20 years younger envious. The safe conduct granted Imre Nagy gate and the 1972 Presidential elections Mr. Speaker, it has been my distinct obviously became fully operative again are brought to justice. It is time for im­ honor to pay tribute to this fine human­ the moment the Kadar government peachment. itarian and good friend, Betty Banks. I gained custody of Imre Nagy and the am confident that the coming years will others arrested with him by the Soviets, find her continuing in the work she loves even if the arrest had been made with­ so much. I congratulate the Queensboro out their complicity. The subsequent MRS. BETTY BANKS: QUEENS Council for Social Welfare for their move by the Hungarian Government to WOMAN OF THE YEAR excellent choice of Betty Banks as convict persons granted safe conduct Queens Woman of the Year, and assure must be considered, by any lawful stand­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI them that they could not have made a ard, as a serious violation of an inter­ more appropriate choice. national undertaking. That this arrest OF NEW YORK was regarded as such is proven by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fact that the Yugoslav Government de­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 scribed the actions of the government THE IMRE NAGY CASE AND of Hungary in its protest note as "a gross Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on Octo­ ITS REPERCUSSIONS ber 25, the Queensboro Council for So­ and unprovoked attack on Yugoslavia." cial Welfare will bestow their prestigious The fact that Imre Nagy and his co­ Queens Woman of the Year Award on HON. FRANK HORTON defendants were tried and sentenced by Mrs. Betty Banks. OF NEW YORK a Special Bench of the Supreme Court Few women have been as richly deserv­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES during a secret trial was also a serious ing of this high honor as Betty Banks. To violation of several Hungarian laws in know her is to know a rare and unique Tuesday, October 23, 1973 force at the time. Section 27<1) and (2) individual, a person with seemingly end­ Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, on June of the constitution of the Hungarian less energy and dedication to serve her 17, 1958, the Hungarian and Soviet news People's Republic, as in force in 1958 ex­ fellow citizens of Queens. As a long-time agencies simultaneously reported that plicitly provided that- resident of Jackson Heights, she has un­ Imre Nagy, Prime Minister of Hungary ( 1} The Council of Ministers shall be re­ selfishly devoted both time and energy during the revolution of October 1956, sponsible for its activities to Parliament. It to philanthropic, humanitarian, civic, and several other leaders of the revolu­ shall regularly render reports on its work tion had been tried and sentenced, and to Parliament. and cultural organizations throughout (2} The Chairman ([or) his deputy} and Queens. that four of them, Imre Nagy, Pal Male­ the members of the Council of Ministers Her particular work on behalf of the ter, Mik16s Gimes and J 6zsef Szilagyi shall also be individually responsible for their Queens Chapter of the American Red had been executed. actions and conduct. A special law shall Cross has earned her the respect and Today, the 17th anniversary of the regulate the manner of impeachment. recognition by the residents of Queens Hungarian Revolution, rekindles our for the truly wonderful individual she is. memory of these events and offers us an The special law referred to in section In addition, Mrs. Banks has contrib­ opportunity to assess the case of Imre 27 <2 ) of the constitution has never been uted much to such varied and important Nagy and his codefendants. adopted by the legislature. Therefore, organizations as the Queens Botanical The Soviet troops crushed the popu­ Law No. III of 1848 on the Creation of a Gardens Association, the National Con­ lar uprising on November 4, 1956. Imre Responsible Hungarian Government was ference on Christians and Jews, and the Nagy, the duly appointed Prime Minister still applicable, because the provisions Committee for Italian Migration. of Hungary, and his associates were of this law have not been repealed or Betty Banks' work has not gone un­ forced to seek asylum at the Yugoslav superseded, even up to the present day. noticed in the past. She is the recipient Embassy at Budapest. After the end of According to this law only Parliament of a number of prestigious awards, in­ the fighting, Imre Nagy and his govern­ has jurisdiction in a case instituted cluding the Cardinal Cushing Award, ment were removed from office and against the Prime Minister or a member she is a past honoree of AMITA and she J&nos Kadar was appointed Prime Min­ of the Council of Ministers for any mal­ was cited in 1969 as the Outstanding ister. The Kadar government concluded feasance or misfeasance committed in Citizen of Queens by the borough presi­ diplomatic negotiations with the Yugo­ their official capacity. Reading the offi­ dent. Yet the Queens Woman of the Year slav Government, according to which cial communications there cannot be any Award still has a special significance for Imre Nagy and his entourage were doubt that, apart from minor details, all Betty Banks, because she is being hon­ granted safe conduct, including a prom­ acts charged to Imre Nagy and his co­ ored by her fellow friends and neighbors ise that they "will not be molested for defendants had been committed in their of Queens for her outstanding work on their past political activities." official capacity. Thus, the Special Bench their behalf. On the basis of this agreement Imre of the Supreme Court lacked jurisdic­ I would also like to pay tribute to the Nagy and the others decided to leave the tion in the cases of Imre Nagy, Pal Male­ Queensboro Council for Social Welfare, Yugoslav Embassy but they were im­ ter, Zoltan Tildy, and Geza Losonczy. the presenters of this Queens Woman of mediately arrested by Soviet military The secrecy of the trial was another the Year Award. The council serves a personnel in front of the Embassy violation of the existing laws. The Code vital role in the Queens Community as building. of Criminal Procedure in effect in 1958 the main coordinating agency for all the Contemplation of this action leads one provided that the public may only be various health and welfare agencies in to two alternative conclusions. If the excluded from a criminal trial by the Queens. The council has provided thou­ Soviet authorities acted with the ap­ court if such a measure is .required for sands of residents of Queens with expert proval of the Government of Hungary, the preservation of state, military, or referral and informational services to then the latter violated its international official secrets, or for moral reasons. help make life a little brighter for these obligation "not to molest" Imre Nagy The official announcement on the trial people in hours of need. and his associates. If, however, the So­ and convictions-which is even today the Despite all the time Betty Banks do­ viet military personnel acted without only source material regarding this nates to working with the aforemen­ the Kadar government's approval, or in case-does not give any justification for tioned organizations, she still finds spite of that government's wishes, then the exclusion of the public from the trial. enough time to be a dedicated and loving this step was the precursor of the "lim- In retrospect it may be said that the 34894 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 reasons for the extreme secrecy were not had not been certain whether or not, be­ trade is still tied to the Soviet Union and legal, but entirely political. Less than 2 yond the occasional outburst resulting its satellites in COMECON, economic years after the revolution, the Govern­ from the , real adherence to the connections with the West are slowly ment of Hungary probably did not feel former agreements could be expected. growing, and even the Soviet Union is secure enough to withstand the possible The total passivity of the Western World, following the example of Hungary. This reverberations of an open political trial. following the example of the United is also an important result of the Octo­ Neither was the Soviet Union prepared to States, gave proof that the American ber revolution of 1956. bear the burdens of a long lasting trial Government would strictly observe any It is impossible to tell what would in the face of publicity from the world agreement to which it was a party, even have happened to Hungary and to the press. if the other parties violated the same rest of the world if the 1956 revolution The facts that this secrecy has lasted agreement. and Imre Nagy's declaration of neu­ for 15 years and that during this period A thaw in cold-war relationships had trality had been successful. But it is safe not a shred of evidence concerning the begun, and this process-despite some to say that even though the revolution trial has come to light raise serious relapses like the Cuban missile crisis, or was crushed and Imre Nagy and his as­ doubts as to whether such a trial was the 1968 intervention in Czechoslo­ sociates, both named and nameless, paid ever held at all. It is indeed remarkable vakia-led to a better understanding with their lives, it was not a worthless that for the past 15 years not one of the between the two superpowers. sacrifice because, for their efforts, the participants; that is, judges, clerical But the obvious question still remains: world and the fate of the Hungarians staff, prosecutors, defense counsel, sur­ has the sacrifice of Imre Nagy and that therein is a little better today. viving defendants, family members of of the other known and unknown heroes the former-in such an important event of the Hungarian revolution benefited of recent history has yet come forward Hungary and her much torment.ed peo­ to reveal the slightest detail of the al­ ple? The answer to this question must MURDER BY HANDGUN: THE CASE le·ged trial. The official announcement also be given in the affirmative. FOR GUN CONTROL, NO. 36 carefully avoided any legal or personal It is undeniable that the fate of the references, and the charges listed in it Hungarian nation today is better than HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON were given in a narrative form without it was before October 1956. This, of including the citations of the laws on course, does not mean that the free world OF MASSACHUSETTS which the charges or the convictions may be satisfied with its progress, nor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were supposedly based. Even less was are the Hungarians satisfied. The process Tuesday, October 23, 1973 said about the evidence on which the of liberalization is very slow indeed. So­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I sentences were justified. No person par­ viet troops in large numbers are still on have received many letters in response to ticipating in the trial, except for the de­ Hungarian soil because of the Warsaw my daily gun control inserts. One of the fendants, was ever named. Such secrecy Pact which Imre Nagy attempted tore­ major points in these letters is the belief is very unusual in the history of Com­ nounce. Political oppression and the one­ that handgun legislation would not re­ munist regimes not only mHungary, but party system are still the main features duce violent crime. A recent article in also in the other Communist-dominated of life in Hungary today, but the methods the Washington Post clearly demon­ countries, including the Soviet Union. used to enforce them are less harsh than strates that this assertion is wrong. In In view of this secrecy and the lack of before. this article, Dr. Czajkoski, expert on sources and evidence it would be an ex­ It is undoubtedly the result of Octo­ ber 1956, that the ruling regime realized, criminology, concludes: ercise in futility to deal in detail with the Gun control legislation would reduce the charges of conspiracy to overthrow the and apparently were able to convince murder rate. government, treason, and the other even the overlords in the Kremlin, that "crimes" mentioned in the official an­ at least some regard must be given to the I would like to ask when Members of nouncement. wishes of the consumer, the man in the Congress are going to respond to the It should be enough to mention that it street, and this has resulted in the re­ facts of gun control, rather than to their is difficult to understand how a duly and form of the country's economic manage­ emotions. The facts show conclusively lawfully appointed prime minister could ment. that gun control would prevent many of conspire to overthrow by force a govern­ One of the most important demands the murders committed by handgun. ment led by himself. Neither is it clear of the revolutionary youth in 1956 was I include a murder that might have how treason may be said to exist, if a that the government put an end to the been prevented, and the article from the high official of a country wants to rid his isolation of Hungary from the Western Washington Post entitled, "Gun Laws own country from any occupying force. countries, their civilizations and cul­ Linked with Murders.'' Questions like these would probably have tures. The :flight of 300,000 refugees over The material follows: been innumerable had any solid evidence a few weeks gave dramatic emphasis to DICE-GAME DEATH BRINGS 6 YEARS of the trial ever been available. this demand. Most of those who left their A 6-year prison sentence was given yester­ Instead of such a guessing game it homeland fled for political reasons; or day to a 33-year-old man convicted of man­ seems more worthwhile to try to assess simply because they wanted to live the slaughter in the fatal shooting of another the effects of the revolution of October rest of their life in freedom. But a great man after an argument over whether number of them, especially the young dice were being used in a dice game. 1956, and the supreme sacrifice of Imre Bernard Baskerville, of the 200 block North Nagy and his fellow martyrs. people, came out, because they were curi­ Mount street, received the sentence for the It may be paradoxical to state that ous to know what lay beyond the Iron shooting of David L. Powell, 35, of the 1600 one of the most important consequences Curtain, so carefully guarded by the block West Fayette street, last November 10 of the Hungarian revolution was the de­ Communist rulers. at a tavern in the 1500 block West Fayette tente between the United States and the Slowly the Government of Hungary street. Soviet Union. It is true that during and realized that such isolation is an un­ Baskerville had been accused by the shoot­ after the revolution, and again in 1958, tenable policy, and today more Hungar­ ing victim of using crooked dice. Even though ians may travel abroad in 1 year than Mr. Powell was assured by the tavern man­ after Nagy's execution was announced, ager that the dice were not irregular, he the official circles and public opinion of have been allowed in a decade prior to nevertheless continued his complaint and the West, including the United States, 1956. Similarly, more foreigners, par­ approached Baskervllle, who whipped out a openly condemned the Soviet Union for ticularly from the Western countries, pistol and shot him, according to testimony the suppression of the revolution in may visit Hungary, thus giving rise to produced by Mark Vau Bavel, the prosecutor. Hungary, and later for the execution and a cultural exchange for which the world Judge Albert L. Sklar imposed the term in imprisonment of its leaders. However, may be grateful to Imre Nagy and his Criminal Court. nothing was done to aid the Hungarians fellow martyrs. in their fight for freedom. The reasons The increasing cultural intercourse GUN LAWS LINKED TO MURDERS to ATLANTA, GA., September 25.-An absence for this inactivity may be found in the has inevitably led economic and polit­ of gun control legislation in Southern cities Yalta Agreements in which the United ical connections between Hungary and may be one reason why those metropolitan States agreed to regard Hungary as be­ the rest of the non-Communist world, areas are dominating the nation's murder longing to the sphere of Soviet interest. even with the United States. Although statistics according to some professional ob­ Prior to 1958 the Soviet Government the major share of Hungary's foreign servers. October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34895 FBI data show Atlanta leading the nation given above for the phaseout of Federal "For all their variety, the programs have in 1972 with a rate of 23 slayings per 100,000 aid. I commend her article to the at­ generally suffered from one fundamental dif­ population, followed by Galnesvlile, Fla.; tention of my colleagues in the House ficulty: they are based on sentiment rather Little Rock, Ark.; Greenvllle, S.C.; Colum­ than on fact," states Prof. Edmund W. Gor­ bus, Ga.; Tuscaloosa. Ala.; Richmond, Va., and ask that it be printed in the REcoRD: don who coauthored the book, Compensatory and Savannah, Ga. FEDERAL Am TO EDUCATION SHOULD BE Education for the Disadvantaged. Out of 53 metropolitan areas that reported ABOLISHED Much of the compensation comes in the 12 or more homicides per 100,000 population, (By Solveig Eggerz) form of arbitrary material gain. Mark Ar­ 42 were in a 12-state Southern region. The liberal-dominated House Education nold, congressional correspondent for the Na­ "Generally in the South, restrictions on and Labor Committee is about to press upon tional Observer, in his survey of Title I gun ownership are rather loose," said Dr. the public's back a new version of the multi­ schools in Washington, D.C., found in one Eugene Czajkoskl, chairman of the depart­ blilion-dollar Elementary and Secondary school, among other things, 33 record play­ ment of criminology at Florida State Univer­ Education Act (ESEA). the federal govern­ ers, 37 film strip projectors, 24 radios, three sity. ment's most potent vehicle for intervening sewing machines and three washer jdryer He said although statistics are unreliable, in local school affairs. Sponsored by Chair­ combinations. he is personally convinced that gun control man Carl Perkins (D-Ky.), and backed by Of Title I programs he says, "From the legislation would reduce the murder rate. In the Republicans' ranking member, Rep. Al­ first time the first $5.4 mlllion was received a telephone interview from his Tallahassee bert Quie of , the legislation will in 1965 with little time for advance prepara­ office, he claimed Northern cities have tighter not only cost some $2-billion-plus per year tion, the program has been characterized by gun restrictions. but is designed to commit the taxpayer to poor planning, sloppy management, superfi­ Based on per 100,000 population, New York funding ESEA for at least five more years. cial evaluation, and until recently, precious reported 19.1 murders last year while Los While many of the ESEA advocates may little concern with results." Angeles reported 12.8. Las Vegas had 18.3, think this legislation contributes to the wel­ Many of the innovations introduced Baltimore 17.6, Detroit 17.3 and Chicago 11.5. fare of children, there is no more reason to through Title I do not nourish the intellect, By comparison, Gainesville had 22.3, Little think it will solve our education llls than but focus on mental health concerns such as Rock and Greensvllle 20.4, Columbus and there is to believe bloodletting wm cure a "self-image'' or "self-awareness." Moreover, Tuscaloosa 20.2, Richmond 19.8, Savannah hemophlliac. A closer look at the projects there !san abnormal amount of money spent 19.2, Raleigh, N.C., 18.7, Lubbock, Tex. and for deprived children under Title I, the ex­ on complicated machinery, new teaching Memphis, Tenn., 18.6, New Orleans and Jack­ perimental programs of Title III and the sim­ methods and "cultural enrichment" pro­ son, Miss., 17.9, Charlotte, N.C., 17.6, Chat­ ilar fare offered under Title V forces the grams. tanooga, Tenn., and Jacksonvllle, Fla., 17.4. question-what in the world did the kids Black psychologist Kenneth B. Clark, who Houston reported 17.3 murders per 100,000 ever do to deserve this? believes in a tough curriculum for children, population, Birmingham, Ala., and Augusta, If test scores and evaluations are any indi­ shows a marked lack of enthusiasm for this Ga., reporterd 17.1 and Wilmington, N.C., cation, the $8.77 billion spent thus far on variety of innovation, much of it funded had 17. compensatory education under Title I has through Title I. "If I had my way they would take every all been wasted. For minority children, Clark says, "there handgun ever made and throw them in the Indeed, the progressive infusion of federal is a proliferation of enrichment programs ... river," said Division of Investigation funds into education appears to parallel a in fact, one of the burdens of being a child Director William Beardsley. downward trend in test scores in basic skllls. in a predominantly minority school is that While it may be too much to say that federal you have no way of protecting yourself from funding is the sole cause of this, it's clear innovative programs." that governmental programs controlled from A large portion of Title I funds go for the ESEA Washington have done nothing to improve hiring of "para-professionals" to aid the the knowledge of children and in many cases schools. Most of these people come from the have worsened the educational situation. neighboring community and many of them HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE The National Assessment of Educational cannot provide assistance to the children be­ OF INDIANA Progress revealed recently that 15 to 20 per yond helping them tie their shoelaces and put on their galoshes. Any cutback in Title I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cent of the nine-year-olds cannot read at all, ranging from 7 per cent in the affiuent sub­ funds threatens this army of "para-profes­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 urbs to 35 to 45 per cent in the extreme sionals" with unemployment, thus making inner city. Despite the fact that more Amer­ such cutbacks politically unpopular. Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, on icans go to school for more years than ever Dr. Rhoda L. Lorand, a clinical psychologist October 2 of this year I introduced H.R. before, some 15 to 20 per cent of adults are in New York City, has been sharply critical 10639, a bill to phase out over a 4-year functionally illiterate. of the para-professionals and the programs period Federal aid to education author­ Children in cities such as Washington and they're engagw in. People are "fooling them­ ized by the Elementary and Secondary Chicago read below grade level and the situ­ selves if they think these programs give the Education Act. The reasons the passage ation seems to be deteriorating. In Boston. children what they need," she says. "You of such a bill is urgent are many: first, the head of the school board has proposed can't kill two birds with one stone-both pro­ Federal aid to education is unconstitu­ that the amount of time pupils spend on vide the children with the kind of people reading be doubled because reading scores they need and find general employment for tional; second, Federal aid has not in have dropped to a record low. the community." fact aided education, but has generally In New York, the percentage of public "These children should only be taught by had no measurable effect on the educa­ school pupils reading below grade level has teachers who choose to teach in the ghetto, tion of children, and where its effects increased every year. In May 1966, 45.7 per by people who really care," says Dr. Lorand. have been measurable, they are gener­ cent of the city's second-graders were read­ "Just having a lot of people around, just ally detrimental to education; third, ing at or above the national norm for that hiring anyone who happens to be in the Federal aid has accelerated the removal grade. On the national reading test last year, neighborhood, isn't going to help. Just the figure had dropped to 42.3 per cent. The throwing a lot of money at them isn't doing of the control of children from parents reading scores had fallen off even more any good." and has given it to the State; and fourth, sharply in other grades. George Weber of the Council for Basic Edu­ Federal aid has increasingly been di­ An idea of just how bad things have be­ cation has done a study of inner-ctty schools rected toward noncognitive learning, come can be gleaned from the actions of an in the hope of finding successful ones. In his that is, away from education altogether 18-year-old graduate of Gallleo High School booklet, Inner City Children Can Be Taught and toward the modification of the be­ in San Francisco who recently filed a million­ to Read: Four Successful Schools, Weber lists havior of children and the inculcation of dollar suit charging that the school system several qualities common to successful inner­ alien values in the minds of children. In had failed to teach him how to read. city schools. Among them are strong leader­ Traditional reservations about federal aid ship and high standards at the top, emphasis view of these facts, it is deceitful to label to education were overcome in 1965 by selling on reading, the use of phonics, special read­ H.R. 69 as Federal aid to education: It ESEA to Congress as basically an anti-pov­ ing personnel and individualized attention. is not designed for education, and it has erty bill. Those who should have balked at While all four schools were Title I schools. not aided education. The only slightly involving the federal government in a multi­ this was not the reason for their success, truthful word in the phrase "Federal aid million-dollar school program were soothed Weber points out. "Rather it's just the oppo­ to education" is "Federal", and that is a into support when ESEA was described as aid site. It's a sign of the failure of Title I that weasel word that obscures the source of to children rather than as aid to schools. I came up with only four successful schools." the money expended under the ESEA: But Title I programs, far from really aid­ A disbeliever in the value of federal funds ing children, seem aimed more at decorating to education, Weber says Title I is based "on the American people. the schools with new equipment, "innova­ the simplistic faith that money can do the Miss Solveig Eggerz, in an article tive" programs, and courses that patronize job.... Although some schools have made which appeared in the July 14, 1973 issue tl'le poor rather than in teaching the tough, good use of Title I money, most of it has been sitive im­ Traditionally, Title I funds have been out of Title III projects. pact on eligible and participating children." channeled into the most impoverished school Project Redesign, for example, already Despite this mass of negative data on 'l'itle districts. Rep. Albert Quie (R.-Minn.), the covers 10 per cent of the schools in New I, Congress apparently is still under the de­ ranking Republican on the committee, pro­ York. It calls for a "New System of Educa­ lusion that by pouring out huge dm;es of poses a somewhat different method, which tion" which instead w111 emphasize "direct, federal funds "deprived" children wtll be seems to have caught the fancy of many real and relevant experiences," "human in­ miraculously educated. But a number of ex­ of the members. Quie would like to spend teraction," and "positive self-concept." perts in the field have demonstrated that the most funds in areas where students score In short, federal aid to education is a good educntion does not depend on the sums the poorest in national standardized tests monstrous waste of money. Because it has spent per pupil. as judged by the National Assessment of been a massive failure, ESEA can be abol­ James S. Coleman of Johns Hopkins Uni­ Educational Progress. The Quie proposal not ished without qualms of conscience that a versity, who in 1965 and 1966 headed the only ignores the studies cited above, but small child's education is at stake. Indeed, largest and most thorough examlnation of adds a new wrinkle in placing a premium it would be argued that a small child's edu­ American public schools ever undertaken, on having the students do poorly; i.e., a cation depends on the elimination of ESEA. discovered the following: "The evidence re­ negative incentive. The worse the students, vealed that within broad geographic regions, the more money from Washington. and for each racial and ethnic group, the Under the Quie plan, moreover, the NAEP, physician and economic resources going into funded by such liberal outfits a.s the Office IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT a school have very little relationship to the of Education, the Ford Foundation and the RICHARD M. NIXON achievements coming out of it." He con­ Carnegie Corporation, would not only assess cluded that "if it were otherwise, we could student skills but student progress in be­ give simple prescriptions: increase teachers' coming a good citizen (the "Attainment 1n HON. JEROME R. WALDIE salaries, lower classroom size, enlarge libra­ Citizenship" program). The development of ries and so on. But the evidence does not national goals for citizenship could obvi­ OF CALIFORNIA allow such simple answers." ously be controversial, particularly under the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The New York City School Fact Book found auspices of an organization dependent on Tuesday, October 23, 1973 in 1969: "The evidence we have accumulated liberal sources for money. is somewhat surprising. We have recorded Title I, however, is not the only problem Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to­ traditional variables that supposedly affect with ESEA. Funded at only $146 million a. day to introduce a resolution of im­ the quality of learning: class size, school ex­ year, as opposed to the $1.8-billion figure for peachment against the President of the penditure, pupil/teacher ratio, condition of Title I, Title nr is frequently not seen as United States. I wish to assure the building, teacher experience and the like. the sometimes stlly, sometimes pernicious Speaker and my colleagues that I sin­ Yet, there seems to be no direct relation­ provision that it is. ship between these school measurements and With emphasis on exporting "experimen­ cerely wish this moment had not come. performance ...." tal" and "innovative" pilot projects to school If there were any other recourse, even Harvard's Prof. Jencks said in 1969 that districts throughout the country, projects within reasonable sight, of restoring "Variations in schools' fiscal and human re- filled with sham are often aimed at altering public confidence in Government; of as- October 23, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34897 suring that the President obeys the Con­ country have a right to know the truth tended should be used in such a time as stitution and the laws of the land as about activities, such as "Watergate," we now find ourselves-where the Presi­ every other American must; and of de­ w'hich may have subverted our free elec­ dent deems himself answerable to no one, termining that the President actually toral processes. The people have a right not even the courts. Impeachment is did not authorize, concur in, or cover up to expect the executive branch of Gov­ part of the law-it is mentioned in the burglary, breaking and entering, illegal ernment to be free from personal mis­ Constitution five times. Unless the House wiretapping, espionage, and perjury-! conduct, and to operate in conformity faces up to its duty, the people will again would then not take this course of ac­ with the legal and moral system; the perceive the House as unwilling to assert tion. people have the right to know that no its legitimate role as one of the equal However, this Nation is now confront­ member or branch of the Government, branches of the Government. ed with a constitutional crisis of un­ and no citizen, is above or beyond the Mr. Speaker, impeachment is sertous precedented proportions. The events of law. business. But in my view, all other ways the past weekend alone are simply stag­ We are now faced with a President within our constitutional system for deal­ gering. The President first defied an or­ who, by ignoring the Constitution and ing with the scandal and crisis of Water­ der of one of the Nation's highest courts by obstructing justice, may limit or de­ gate have been tried, and have now been to produce tape recordings and docu­ stroy these rights. The President has ruthlessly cut off by the President him­ ments, memorandums, and other mate­ made clear that he will not comply with self: Iial relevant to the investigation of the the law as interpreted and set forth by First, the regular processes of crimi­ sordid affair we now know as "Water­ the U.S. Court of Appeals. The President nal justice were trted first, and failed. gate." has systematically sought to delay and The trial of the "seven" Watergate de­ The President then fired Special Pros­ obstruct the investigation of misbehavior fendants is now universally acknowl­ ecutor Archibald Cox and dismantled surrounding the 1972 Presidential elec­ edged to have been a sham, shot through and abolished his entire office. He then tions. In addition, we know by the per­ with perjury and obstruction of justice forced the resignation of the Nation's sonal admissions of certain participants, designed to protect the higher-ups in the two top law enforcement officers, At­ that this misbehavior involved high­ White House and the Committee To Re­ torney General Elliot Richardson and ranking staff members of the adminis­ elect the President. This was why a spe­ Deputy Attorney General William Ruc­ tration; and we cannot escape the fact cial prosecutor was appointed, President kelshaus. that at least one individual has charged Nixon having specifically authorized At­ Within hours, therefore, the President that the President himself had knowl­ torney General Richardson to do so, and had disobeyed a court order and sub­ edge of this misbehavior long before the why the Senate's Select Committee was stituted his own arrangement which was facts were made public. Finally, some established. The work of the Special called a "compromise" but was actually criminal indictments have been issued Prosecutor and the Select Committee re­ an order to cease further inquiry into a in connection with activities undertaken assured the American people that their number of legitimate areas, and then during the 1972 Presidential election and, processes of law and government were divested himself and the country of the at the time of his discharge, Special working. President Nixon has now defied services of three men of high principle Prosecutor Cox was in the process of and repudiated those processes. and honor, characteristics which have presenting further indictments. Second, President Nixon now stands been sadly lacking in many of the Presi­ When Mr. Cox was told late Saturday in open defiance of a final order of a dent's closest associates and advisers. that he was fired as special prosecutor­ Federal court. Mr. Speaker, the events of the past President Nixon having finally found an The Court of Appeals, affirming Dis­ weekend are the culmination of Presi­ Acting Attorney General willing to do trtct Judge Sirica, has ordered the Presi­ dent Nixon's repeated attempts to in­ the deed-he responded with one sen­ dent to turn over his tapes to the court stitutionalize his notion that the Execu­ tence: so it may determine what portions, if tive has unlimited powers and is ac­ It is now up to the Congress and the any, are needed by the grand jury. When countable to no one, and they make it people to uphold the principle that ours is President Nixon last Friday refused to abundantly clear that the President does a government of laws, not of men. appeal that order to the Supreme Court not intend to obey the law of the land, Congress and the people are now left it became final and binding. President nor keep promises made to Congress, nor with only one way to vindicate the rule Nixon declares openly to the Nation that abide by his oath of office made twice to of law and the constitutional structure he will not obey the court's order. This the people. of this Nation. That way is impeach­ abrogation of the judicial process not It is indeed regrettable that the Presi­ ment. All other courses of action have only withholds evidence needed by the dent, by the acts of the past weekend, been blocked by the President. grand jury, but may result in dismissal and the many others which he has un­ It has been said that last Saturday of all cases brought against Watergate dertaken to systematically obstruct the was not "7 days in May," but 1 day in defendants, since the defendants can de­ investigation of the "Watergate'' and October. In Communist countries, fascist mand dismissal if the Government re­ related incidents, has made a resolution dictatorships, "banana republics," and fuses to produce relevant evidence in its of impeachment necessary. However, we other nations where democracy is sup­ possession. This defiance would equally can no longer avoid the conclusion that block the efforts of any other prosecu­ posedly more fragile than in America, tors, regular or special. impeachment is the only legal and it is all too familiar for the head of proper avenue remaining for us to pre­ state or the leader of a coup to announce Third, President Nixon has abrogated serve the integrity and form of our Gov­ that he has regretfully decided, in the the prosecutorial function by dismissing ernment as provided for in our Constitu­ the Special Prosecutor, dismantling his best interests of the state, to dissolve entire investigation, and compelling the tion. Thomas Jefferson wrote: the legislature. Last week President An elective despotism was not the govern­ the two Attorneys General who refusea Nixon announced that the process of to go along to resign. ment we fought for, but (we fought for) one justice in the United States was being which should not only be founded on free President Nixon authorized Attorney principles, but in which the powers of the dissolved, insofar as it relates to the General Richardson to appoint a special government should be so divided and bal­ high crinies, obstruction of justice, and prosecutor; with the President's ap­ anced among several bodies . ·. . as that no attacks on our electoral system that have proval, Richardson promised that the one could transcend their legal limits, with­ come to be known as Watergate. This Special Prosecutor would be Independent out being effectually checked and restrained was a Presidential coup directed at the by the others. would not be interfered with, could con~ rule of law on wlhich the Nation is test claims of executive privilege in court, The President has ignored the tradi­ based, and at the judicial and legislative would not be :fired except for extraordi­ tional separation of powers and thereby branches in their attempts to meet their nary misconduct. In firing Cox because brought about this constitutional crisis. constitutional responsibilities. he pursued his duty. the President has We have no other reasonable and effec­ Impeachment is not a course to be abrogated the prosecutorial function just tive choice but impeachment. taken lightly: to shrink from it now, as he repudiated the judicial one. The people of this country have every however, is to take our constitutional He seeks to assure that there will be right to expect Congress to zealously system and the rule of law lightly. But no real or independent prosecution of the protect our constitutional form of gov­ it must be remembered that impeach­ Watergate offenders. This is a coverup ernment. In addition, the people of this ment is what the Founding Fathers in- of a coverup, an obstruction of process 34898 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 of justice aimed at those guilty of ob­ war-making powers necessitated a falsi­ The great preponderance of authority, structing justice. Any notion that the fication of records and documents by the including extrajudicial statement by Chief executive branch, and, in my view, be­ Justice Taft and Justice Hughes, regards Justice Department can step into the "high crimes and misdemeanor" as not con­ shoes of the special prosecutor is negated, cause the funds spent on the bombing fined to criminal conduct. not only by the original Justice Depart­ was obtained from the Congress under ment performance, but by the President's "false pretenses," they were spent in an The country's Founding Fathers well obvious reason for firing the special pros­ unconstitutional manner. understood that the institution of im­ ecutor-his prosecution was too good Third, the Nixon administration es­ peachment had a much broader base for the President's comfort--and by the tablished within the White House a su­ than the criminal law. Hamilton said im­ President's firing of the two Attorneys per secret police force known as the peachment was to reach misconduct of General who dared to assert their inde­ "plumbers" which acted outside of the public men in abusing or violating some pendence last Saturday. law for the political purposes of the public trust. It was for injuries done Fourth. President Nixon has also de­ Nixon administration. immediately to the society itself. It was fled the Congress and repudiated its The list of potentially impeachable a method of national inquest into the processes. offenses would also include: conduct of public men. In No. 65 of the In at least two ways, he has undercut A deliberate assault on civil liberties. Federalist Papers, Hamilton pointed out and frustrated the attempts of Congress The use of governmental powers to that England and several of the States to uphold the rule of law, to inform the harass critics. regarded the practice of impeachment public, and to develop necessary legis­ Interference with peaceful assembly "~s a bridle in the hands of the legisla­ lation regarding the events of Water­ and protest. tive body upon the executive servants of gate. A continuation of the impounding of the Government." He has refused to make available to funds, notwithstanding the fact that The Senate has appreciated the broad the Senate Select Committee evidence it every court decision on this subject has meaning of "high crimes and misde­ needs for its investigation. found impoundment to be unconstitu­ meanor." For example, the Senate has By dismissing the special prosecutor tional and, convicted a judge in an impeachment for pursuing his investigation, the Presi­ The attempt to pervert and subvert the proceeding on the ground that his con­ dent has reneged on his commitment to various agencies of the executive branch duct was "to bring his court into scandal the Senate, through Attorney General including the Justice Department, th~ and disrepute, to the prejudice of said Richardson, to appoint a special pros­ State Department, the Defense Depart­ court and public confidence in the ad­ ecutor and give him appropriate inde­ ment. and the Central Intelligence ministration of justice." pendence and powers. Agency. Although I would not go so far, evi­ So the efforts of Congress to use two Therefore, Mr. Speaker, it is clear that dently this history of impeachment led of its constitutional powers in the Wa­ the House should impeach the President. the minority leader GERALD FoRD to con­ tergate crisis-the power to investigate, The reasons for impeachment are not clude as follows in 1970: and the power of the Senate to advise limited to events of the past weekend, but What, then is an impeachable offense? and consent to Cabinet nominations­ are rooted in the concerted and system­ The only honest answer is that an impeach­ have met with obstruction, repudiation, atic attempt by the President to subvert able offense is whatever a majority of the the Constitution. House of Representatives considers it to and deception on the part of the Presi­ be at a given motnent in history; conviction dent. The events of this weekend were indeed results from whatever offense or offenses. The other branches of the Govern­ symbolic, however, for in dismissing two-thirds of the other body considers to be ment, acting in good faith and within three men who have clearly demon­ su1D.ciently serious to require removal of the their constitutional authority, have thus strated a high degree of character, accused from offi~e--there are few fixed prin­ honesty, and courage, Mr. Nixon placed ciples among the handful of precedents. CoN­ tried various ways to uphold the rule of GRESSIONAL RECORD, VOlume 116 part 9 page law and the interest of the public with in unmistakable contrast his parting 11913. ' , regard to Watergate, but all their at­ accolades to Mr. Haldeman and Mr. tempts have been blocked by President Ehrlichman. By what I have just said I do not mean Nixon. The legitimate actions of the In this regard, I would like to quote to imply that crimes in the sense that grand jury and the courts, of the special James Madison, on the responsibility of ~erm is~ in criminal law may not be­ prosecutor, and of the Congress have all the Executive for the acts of his sub­ mvolved 1n the proposed impeachment been defied and repudiated. ordinates: proceeding. There is every reason to sus­ However, as I noted earlier, Mr. Speak­ I think it absolutely necessary that the pect that criminal activity is involved er, the most recent events are but the President should have the power of removing and will be revealed in an investigation last in a long series of actions which from office. It wm make him, in a peculiar that cannot be thwarted by coverups: manner, responsible for their conduct and and the discharge of prosecutors when constitute a systematic and concerted subject him to impeachment, if he suffers attempt by the Nixon administration to them to perpetrate with impunity high they begin to uncover the crimes. How­ subvert the Constitution of the United crimes and misdemeanors against the United ever, my point is that the institution of States. States or neglects to superintend their con­ impeachment has a higher purpose than· The litany of impeachable offenses duct as to check their excesses. the ferreting out of crime and criminals. that have accumulated during the past As Hamilton said, it is a "national in­ Mr. Speaker, in view of the myths that quest" into the conduct of public men or­ 5 years are truly shocking. I will simply abound as to the various grounds for list the most salient. · as John Pym said at the impeachment of impeachment, I feel it appropriate to the Earl of Strafford- First, the President personally ap­ state why there are presently existing proved plans for political surveillance by grounds for impeachment, even if one To alter the settled frame and constitu­ such methods as burglary, breaking and tion of government is treason in any state. assumes the absence of proof of indict­ The laws whereby all other parts of a King­ entering, and wiretapping. At the time able crime. dom are preserved should 'be very vain and of approval, Mr. Nixon was advised that One of the grounds for impeachment defective, if they have not a power to secure­ certain aspects of the "Huston Plan" is "high crimes and misdemeanors." and preserve themselves. were 11legal, and yet the plan was or­ Because these words are familiar words dered implemented, and were stopped I suspect that there will be efforts to· in criminal law some persons have er­ compare this impeachment with the im­ after 5 days only at the insistence of roneously concluded that this ground of J. Edgar Hoover. peachment of Andrew Johnson. There is impeachment necessarily involves an no similarity in the two cases. The im­ Second, the Nixon administration con­ indictable offense as that term is used in peachment of Andrew Johnson was un­ ducted a clandestine bombing campaign the criminal law. However, precedent in dertaken for the basest of political mo­ in Cambodia for over 14 months, and not the Senate clearly confirms that im- tives, and was not founded upon the only withheld information from the peachment for "high crimes and mis­ sort of misconduct which is present here. American people and the Congress con­ demeanors" does not require an indict­ Andrew Johnson was the victim of an ag­ cerning this matter, but also told the able offense. As Prof. Raoul Berger, the gressive Congress intent on pursuing a American people that such raids were country's leading expert on impeach­ personal vendetta against a particular­ not occurring. This subversion of the ment, recently wrote: individual. Here, as I have already dis- October 23, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34899 cussed, every effort has been made to Harvard professor, Dr. Richard Warren, says. Washington's birthday (!rom February 22 to avoid this final choice. We now know Instead of allowing foreign doctors to im­ the third Monday in February) and Colum­ migrate, the United States should provide bus day (from October 12 to the seoond Mon­ that, because of the actions of President for medical training for Americans, Dr. War­ day in October). Nixon, impeachment is the only pro­ ren says. He spoke as a. panelist on surgical To date, we're happy to report, there are cedure which can guarantee a full reso­ manpower at the annual clinical congress no plans to switch the traditional observance lution of the issues before us. we have of the American College of Surgeons. o! Independence day. It would be a little tried to use every mechanism of govern­ Dr. Warren said at a news conference that sllly to celebrate the Fourth of July on any ment within our control, and President although many foreign-trained physicians other date. Tradition deserves more consid­ Nixon has impeded each of our efforts. were outstanding, others had inferior train­ eration than it enjoyed for a time. Aecordingly, we must turn to impeach­ ing. He added that it was unfair for these doc­ ment. tors to leave their homelands, which have Just before the Constitution was invested vast amounts of money in their signed in Philadelphia on September 17, education. MR. TERRY JONES-FATHER OF 1787, Benjamin Franklin addressed the About half of the doctors graduating from THE YEAR, 1973 Convention and focused upon the nature medical schools in the world outside the of the people and their government. He Communist nations are trying to get into HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK said: the United States, he said. Seven per cent of doctors practicing in OF CALIFORNIA [TJ here is no Form of Government but the United States in 1971 were foreign medi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES what may be a. Blessing to the People if well cal graduates, Dr. Warren reported, and 3,000 Tuesday, October 23, 1973 administered; and I belleve farther that this of the net increase of 7,000 doctors in the is likely to be well administered for a Course United States in 1971 were foreign medical Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I would like of Years, and can only end in Despotism as graduates. other Forms have done before it, when the to take this opportunity to say a few While 7,000 Filipino doctors practice in the words about Mr. Terry Jones, a constit­ People shall become so corrupted as to need United States, he said, there are only 6,000 Despotic Government, being incapable of any American black doctors. uent of mine who has recently been other. Dr. Robert A. Chase of Stanford Univer­ named "Father of the Year, 1973," by the Minority Adoption Committee--MAC. He I reject the notion that we, the people sity said it was "a national shame" that the of the United States, have become so United States did not have space for those has been selected as the adoptive father who wanted to attend medical school. who best typifies the essential qualities corrupted as to need despotic govern­ Dr. Francis D. Moore, of Harvard, added ment. It is specifically for this reason of parenthood which MAC is seeking for that there were 70,100 applications for the all children in need of love, security, and that we must regrettably make use of the 13,500 openings in the most recent freshman permanent homes. impeachment process. medical school classes. Moreover, Mr. Speaker, the people are Mr. Jones, at the age of 31, is a fine demanding action on this matter. Re­ example of a concerned and active citi­ sponsible Members of the Congress zen who any child would be proud to should no longer talk about the impossi­ THE ''HOLIDAZE'' claim as his or her father. While pursu­ bility of impeachment, but about the ing his goal of teaching social science need to cleanse our Nation. Impeach­ on the university level, Mr. Jones has ment is not so much designed to remove HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI been actively involved in serving his Richard Nixon from office, as it is to pre­ OP ILLINOIS community. He has worked as an as­ serve the Constitution, and it is the only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sistant human relations coordinator for alternative for saving the Nation's demo­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 the city of Berkeley and has assisted in the development of the Berkeley model cratic form of government from Execu­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the tive fiat and tyranny. cities program. He has also done indi­ Star Tribune publications, serving south vidual and group counseling for the Con­ suburban Cook County, Dl., have a well­ tra Costa County Probation Department. deserved reputation for the quality of Most recently Mr. Jones has been a DOCTOR IMMIGRATION TERMED their editorial commentary. I believe it teaching assistant at the University of HARMFUL is appropriate that I insert in the REc­ California at Berkeley and the director ORD today that publication's editorial of of the health care outreach project in Thursday, October 18, on the subject of Richmond, Calif. HON. PAUL G. ROGERS Monday holidays. Mr. Jones has made an invaluable con­ OP FLORIDA Since we observed one of the most tra­ tribution to the community by volunteer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ditional holiday dates yesterday, the ing his time, knowledge, and effort to Tuesday, October 23, 1973 point made in this editorial certainly better the economic, social, and political applies: lives of the black citizens of Vallejo by Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, in recent THE "HoLmAZE'' helping to organize and develop the years, I have become more and more Tradition, it appears, is stronger than ex­ Black Society on Unity and Liberation. concerned about the numbers of foreign pediency. Or at least that is one conclusion He has developed and staffed a tutorial doctors immigrating to the United that can be drawn from recent efforts by project in the Vallejo area as well as hav­ States. Not only does this situation have governmental groups and others to manipu­ late the calendar in the name o! leisure. ing recruited black students to the school an adverse effect on those nations from In 1970 the Illinois General Assembly, in of social welfare, working closely with which these doctors are emigrating, but accordance wltb recommendations o! the the black caucus and black faculty of it points up the reliance of the U.S. federal government, adopted legislation the University of California, Berkeley. medical system on these foreign-trained switching five commemorative holidays from In addition to his many other activi­ physicians. I recently read an article in the traditional dates to a. Monday close to ties, Mr. Jones is a member of the Cali­ the October 17 edition of the New York the original date. The date was to create fornia Association of Afro-American Times entitled "Doctor Immigration Is more "three-day" weekends. Now, however, less than three years later, three of the offi­ Educators and the Associated Bay Area Termed Harmful in U.S. and Abroad." cial state observances have been restored to Black Social Workers. In 1972, to make This article was written about the re­ their former dates. their lives more complete, Mr. Jones and marks of Dr. Richard Warren of Har­ The latest about-face in the "holida.ze" his wife adopted a baby boy through vard at the recent Congress of. the sweepstakes in Dlinois involves Memorial MAC. American College of Surgeons in Chi­ day-or Decoration day, as it was once I am sure that his family and all who cago. It is a most interesting article and known. Originally 1t was observed on May 30. Then it was switched to the last Mon­ have seen his efforts will attest to the I would like to insert it in the RECORD fact that Mr. Jones is one of the most at this point for the benefit of my col­ day in May. Now, by action o! the state leagues. legislature, it's back to May SO. outstanding men of our community. A Other observances that have been re­ man of fine character, Mr. Jones' con­ DoCTOR IMMIGRATION Is TERMED HARMFUL stored to their traditional dates are Lin­ cern for others is admirable. Thank you, IN UNITED STATES AND ABROAD coln's birthday (February 12) and Veterans Mr. Jones, for all that you have done to CHICAGO, October 16.-Immlgration of doc­ day (November 11). make our community a better place to tors to the United States must be stopped, a The only survivors of the 1970 edict are live. 34900 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 ON LEGISLATION TO DECRIMINAL­ incredible sentence of 30 years for the As a result, since July 23, under Oregon use, not sale, of marihuana. law, possession of up to an ounce of pot has IZE THE PERSONAL USE OF MARI­ been not a felony or even a misdemeanor but HUANA It is clear that a profound rethinking a mere "violation," similar to a traffic ticket on this subject is occurring and in light punishable only by a fine of no more tha~ of these developments I am surprised $100 and not carrying with it the stigma HON. EDWARD I. KOCH that my bill, H.R. 6570 which would de­ of a permanent criminal record. OF NEW YORK criminalize, not legalize personal use of The purpose of the law, as perceived by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES marihuana, has garnered only eight McCall and the majority of the state legis­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 sponsors. lators, was not to foster the drug habit, but The Javits-Koeh bill has four to remove a lifelong blot from the records of Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the national straightforward provisions: a. Possession youngsters gull ty of nothing more than movement toward removing or substan­ smoking a disapproved but not very dan­ of marihuana for personal use whether gerous weed. Trafficking in Inarijuana re­ tially reducing the criminal penalties in public or private of 3 or less against the possession for personal use mains a felony in Oregon as elsewhere. ounces would no longer be a crime, b. Owing to a technicality unintended by the of marihuana has taken a major step mar.ihuana in an individual's lawful pos­ law's framers, crim11lal penalties for posses­ forward as a result of two recently en­ sesslOn would no longer be considered sion of up to an ounce of hashish or "hash acted Oregon statutes. contraband subject to seizure and forfei­ oil" also were eliminated. As any "head" will The statutes, passed in the 1973 ses­ ture, c. marihuana intoxication would testify, an ounce of either of these marijuana sion of the Oregon State Legislature and not be a valid defense to any violation of derivatives is a substantal amount. signed by Governor McCall, have as their McCall said upon signing the measure that Federal law, and d. that the sale, dis­ he was aware of the hashish loophole but aim the substantial reduction of penal­ tribution, or transfer for profit would ties for private possession and use of was reluctant to veto the bill because of continue to be a crime. it, lest a death blow be dealt to the worth­ marihuana. The statutes provide that My bill, I believe, would put into leg­ while objective of decriminalizing marijuana. possession of less than 1 ounce of mari­ islation what is now accepted as the He urged the legislature to close the loophole huana be classed as a violation, that is, reasona~le a~titude of the medical, legal, when it meets early next year. neither a felony nor a misdemeanor­ and sociologiCal professions-and most punishable by a maximum of a $100 fine. importantly, the bill reflects the attitude [From Time magazine, Sept. 10, 1973] Possession of more than 1 ounce of mari­ of the people of this country. GRASS GROWS MORE ACCEPTABLE huana may be treated by the court, at its The Shafer Commission in its original It could be written off to the kids last discretion, as a misdemeanor-which in report found that 24 million Americans year when the city council of Ann Arbor Oregon is punishable by no more than 1 have tried marihuana at least once that Mich., voted to make marijuana use a mis~ year imprisonment and/or $1,000 fine. demeanor subject to a maximum fine of $5 8,300,000 still use the drug occasio~ally, payable by mail. And this spring the radical~ The other new substantive legal and that 500,000 are heavy users. The change provides that the prior record of were apparently responsible as 60% of Berke­ Shafer Commission's most recent figures ley, Calif., voters passed the "Inarijuana a convicted marihuana possessor and/or as of February 1973, showed that 26 mil­ initiative," which ordered police to aive mari­ user may be expunged upon a successful lion Americans, or 16 percent of the ju~na laws "their lowest priority~ and re­ petition to the court by the individual, adult population has used marihuana at qurred authorization of the city council for 3 years after the person's conviction. least once, and that 13 million Americans any "arrest for possession, use or cultivation" A civil law suit has been filed in Fed­ smoked marihuana on a regular basis. of the weed. Both cities' policies were later eral District Court in Washington, D.C. The number of potential felons under knocked out. But last month in washing­ by the National Organization for theRe­ present law that thus exist is simply ton, D.C., a still more revolutionary idea form of Marihuana Laws-NORML-to came from an unexpected source: the Ameri­ staggering. This wholesale disregard for can Bar Association proposed the total re­ have prohibitions against personal mari­ the marihuana statutes by a substantial moval .of criminal laws against marijuana huana use presently in existence on the segment of our population can only serve possess10n in small amounts. Federal, State, and local levels declared to bring law in general into disrepute unconstitutional as "an unwarranted in­ POPULAR DRUG and public contempt. We must remove With the A.B.A. behind decriminalization trusion into the private lives of millions the present savage penalties that apply of pot, can the rest of the nation be tar be­ of Americans." In addition, the suit seeks to the mere possession of marihuana. hind? Perhaps not. Since 1971 state legisla­ to establish the position that current And remember, my bill does not in the tures across the nation, with the notable ex­ penalties for marihuana use constitute least affect the current criminal penal­ cep~ion of , have reduced pos­ cruel and inhuman punishment, and that ties against sale for profit of marihuana sesslOn of small amounts of grass from a the present laws deny "equal protection felony to a misdemeanor. Supporting the which will continue. ' trend are prestigious organizations like the of the laws" since the use of potentially Let us not try to enforce the unen­ more harmful substances such as alcohol National Conference of Commissioners on forceable. Let us bring our laws in line Uniform State Laws (lawyers, judges, law and cigarettes have no penalty attached. with reality. Let us change the law by professors and state officials who draft model The National Commission on Mari­ decriminalizing possession for personal legislation). The American Medical Associa­ huana and Drug Abuse-the Shafer use of marihuana. tion favors the misdemeanor penalty for pos­ Commission-appointed by President The following are two articles from session in "insignificant" amounts, though it Nixon has stated as its first recommenda­ the Washington, D.C., Star-News and advocates more research on the drug. ANa­ tion that possession of marihuana for Time magazine which deals with the tional Commission on Marijuana and Drug personal use no longer should be con­ Abuse survey shows that 26 million Ameri­ sidered as a criminal offense, though it Oregon and other governmental actions cans have tried grass, and 13 million are reg­ to x:educe penalties for marihuana pos­ ular users. does urge that marihuana possessed in session. I have also included the Con­ Just how far the weed has come with the public remain contraband, subject to gressional Research Service summary of middle class since the first furtive puffs in seizure and forfeiture. the Federal legal recommendations of college dormitories in the 1960s was evident Such prestigious and conservative or­ the National Commission on Marihuana at the A.B.A. convention. A year ago, Whit­ ganizations such as the American Bar ney North Seymour Sr., past president of Association and the National Education a?d Drug Abuse-the Shafer Commis­ the A.B.A., helped water down a decriminali­ Association have urged that possession sion. zation motion. This year Seymour was the [From the Washington Star-News, Aug. 7, first speaker in favor of the revised resolu­ for personal use be decriminalized. The 1973] ABA eve:r: supports the dropping of pen- tion. Says he: "Reflecting on the conse­ alties for "casual distribution of small OREGON POT PENALTY Now JUST A TICKET quences of criminal penalties to the 20-odd (By William Hines) million young people using marijuana. I amounts not for profit." Texas has made decided that we ought to concentrate on try­ the possession of two ounces or less of For the next several months at least, the ing to stop sales and start removing penal­ marihuana a misdemeanor punishable state o! Oregon is likely to be happy land for ties for possession." Seymour was joined by a members of the drug subculture. with a maximum of a 6-month jail sen­ host of law-and-order spokesmen, and the In a move unparalleled on the state level tence and a $1,000 fine. The new penalty in this country, the Oregon legislature motion even received personal endorsement is in sharp contrast to the previous situ­ passed-and Gov. Tom McCall late last from a representative o! the hard-line Na­ ation in Texas where the average sen­ month signed-a measure removing nearly tional District Attorneys Association. When tence for marihuana violators was 9¥2 all penalties for simple possession and use the votes were counted, the A.B.A. was solidly years, with one defendant receiving the of marijuana. behind dropping penalties !or both posses- October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34901 sion of limited quantities and "casual distri­ should be subject to criminal procedures. On AN EXCITING WEEK IN GLAMOROUS ACAPULCO bution of small amounts not for profit." The the other hand, we have also rejected the Acapulco: Mexico's gift to the jet-set and lawyers' vote showed concern that pollee and regulatory or legalization scheme because it to anyone else who loves sand and sea. A courts have been busy with pot cases at the would institutionalize availability of a drug lively town . . . yet with miles and miles of expense of more serious crime. The A.B.A. which has uncertain long-term effects und uncrowded beaches. Dance all night or retire was also distressed over the dangerous legal which may be of transient social interest. early and be on the beach at dawn. GUttering precedent of open disregard for marijuana "In general, we recommend only a decrimi­ sun, gleaming waters and beautiful people. laws. Concluded Frank Fioramonti, legisla­ nalization of possession of marihuana for Join us at Las Brisas ... the jewel of Aca­ tive counsel to NORML (National Organiza­ personal use on both the State and Federal pulco. Here you will enjoy your own private tion for the Reform of Marijuana Laws): levels. The major features of the recom­ casita, with private terrace, bar, refrigerator "When the A.B.A. delegates get around to mended scheme are that: production and and private (or sharing) pool. Las Brlsa.s is advocating a progressive step, you know it's distribution of the drug would remain crim­ situated on a bluff overlooking Acapulco Bay an idea whose time has come." inal activities as would possession with in­ and you will enjoy the panorama from your The idea has arrived in some other sur­ tent to distribute commercially; marihuana own private terrace with your own private prising places. would be contraband subject to confiscation bar stocked with ice, soft drinks, alcoholic Until this year Texas was known as a in public places; and criminal sanctions beverages and fresh fruit. After the sun has dangerous place indeed to emoke. Eight would be withdrawn from private use and slipped into the sea, lively Acapulco awaits hundred marijuana offenders were in jail, possession incident to such use, but, at the you. Join us ... December 1-8. serving an average sentence of 9Y2 years for State level, fines would be imposed for use possession. Thirteen were in for life, and in public." SPLENDID, LUXURIOUS MONTEGO DAY YOURS FOR A WEEK Lee Otis Johnson, a black activist arrested RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FEDERAL LAW in 1968, was sentenced to 30 years for having Jamaica: Translated means "land of wood Possession of marihuana for personal use and water." The legendary beauty of Jamaica passed a marijuana joint to an undercover would no longer be an offense, but mari­ agent. Last May the Texas legislature voted is still unspoiled ... tropical birds sing, huana possessed in public would remain con­ exotic flowers and fresh fruit grow wild, to make possession of two ounces or less of traband subject to seizure and forfeiture. marijuana a misdemeanor punishable with sparkling rivers wind through blue-green Casual distribution of marihuana for no mountains. Jamaica is the Old World, the a maximum six-month jail sentence and remuneration or insignificant remuneration $1,000 fine. New World ... a world unto itself. Make it not involving profit would no longer be an your world for one glorious week at the Half In 1968 pot-smoking hippies were a key offense. target of Atlanta police. Virtually all of Moon Hotel and Cottage Club, in Montego A plea of marihuana intoxication shall not Bay. This distinguished hotel boasts gourmet Georgia drug-law enforcement resources be defense to any criminal act committed were directed against pot. Then last year the cuisine, a mile long beach, 60 exotic areas, an state legislature reduced first-offense posses­ under its influence, nor shall proof of such 18 hole golf course, 7 tennis courts, fishing sion of one ounce or less to a misdemeanor. intoxication constitute a negation of specific and sailing. The Half Moon ... where an Today only 20 % of the state's anti-drug cam­ intent. exclusive club atmosphere is the keynote. paign is aimed at marijuana. ... Jamaica ... where everyone seems to be On Oct. 5, Oregon will become the first TAX-FREE VACATION-FOR happy. Join us ... December 1Q-17. state to remove completely criminal penal­ DOCTORS ONLY The details: Since these fabulous vaca­ ties for the private possession and use of tions are available only to M.C.I. club mem­ grass. The new law reclassifies possession of bers, a fee of $50.00 will make you a member up to one ounce as a "violation," with a HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. and enable you, your family and guests to maximum penalty of a $100 fine. Offenders enjoy these and/or any other M.C.I. vaca­ wlll receive no criminal record, in effect mak­ OF CALIFORNIA tions. Acapulco: Price is $257.00 per person, ing pot smoking no more criminal in Oregon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plus air fare and includes a double room at than illegal parking. Tuesday, October 23, 1973 Las Brisas, continental breakfast, transfers Elsewhere in the country, resistance to and baggage, all taxes and gratuities, all softer pot laws continues. Though possession Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I be­ seminars, and a special cocktail party for aU of marijuana in small quantities is now just lieve all of us have wondered from time club members. a misdemeanor in Maine, pollee around Bax­ to time at the rising expression of re­ Montego Bay: Price is $360.00 per person, ter State Park this summer are conducting sentment over Congress failure to move plus air fare and includes double room at the a campaign to arrest campers who light more Half Moon, breakfast and dinner daily, six than camp fires. So far, raiders have busted with meaningful tax reform. days of green fees, transfers and baggage, all more than 150 vacationers and slapped them A doctor in my district recently sent tips and taxes, all seminars and a special with a total of $40,000 in fines. In Massachu­ me the enclosed advertisement with the cocktail party for all club members. setts, despite reduced penalties for mari­ words: Upon receipt of resE;rvations, M.C.I. will juana use, 47% of all drug arrests in the Any workingman earning a marginal in­ arrange your air transportation from your state are still for pot. Florida Circuit Court come should justifiably be outraged at this home town. Air arrangements must be made Judge Edward Cowart declares: "The thing kind of robbery of tax dollars. through M.C.I. and our travel department that bothers me most is that authorities say wlll secure the most economical fares avail­ they have yet to find someone on the hard After reading the advertisement, offer­ able. stuff who didn't start with marijuana." Says ing expensive trips to Mexico tax free, Instructions: To join M.C.I., just flll out Albert Le Bas, chief of the civil division of but only to doctors, I am forced to agree. the top of the coupon and enclose a check or the Los Angeles County sheriff's office: "Our Is it not time we insisted on a compre­ charge No. in the amount of $50 which is also concern is that there is stlll confiicting medi­ hensive tax reform which will more fair­ tax deductible. To reserve space on this trip, cal testimony on how harmful it is to the fill out the entire coupon and enclose your body." ly distribute the privileges and burdens $50 membership fee and a deposit of $100 California legislators voted last year to of being an American citizen? per person travelling. We will immediately reduce marijuana possession to a misde­ The advertistement follows: forward to you your Club membership kit meanor, but Governor Ronald Regan vetoed (Advertisement) and confirmations. Payment in full is due by the bill. State law now offers a range of pen­ October 15, 1973. alties for first-offense pot possession from TAX DEDUCT A GLORIOUS VACATION IN THE SUN probation to a ten-year jail term. The na­ MCI PROUDLY PRESENTS ITS EXCLUSIVE TAX DE­ tion's harshest drug law is New York's, mak­ DUCTIBLE DECEMBER VACATIONS, YOUR CHOICE THIS IS A GOOD TIME ing life sentences mandatory for some hard­ OF JAMAICA OR ACAPULCO drug offenses but leaving marijuana posses­ The Club: Medical Convocations Interna­ sion punishable as either a misdemeanor tional is a club for doctors only. The purpose HON. JOHN M. ZWACH or a felony. State police officials say that of the club is to arrange a variety of exciting OF MINNESOTA enforcement will be minimal against pot trips throughout the year (at least one per smokers. Prosecution of pushers in New month) and combine them with medical con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES York, as in all other states, wlll remain a ferences so that the doctor may deduct the Tuesday, October 23, 1973 top priority. • • • cost of the trip. Future Vacations: M.C.I. offers vacation­ Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, to say that CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE SUMMARY: conferences with a wide and varied list of the world is plagued by problems is a NATIONAL COMMISSION ON MARIHUANA AND itineraries. M.C.I. will offer at least one trip gross understatement. DRuG ABusE per month and several during holidays and War in the Middle East, unrest, vio­ is RECOMMENDATIONS vacation seasons. M.C.I. anticipating trips lence, and revolution in many countries; of varying types: long and short, conducted hunger and famine; lack of ethics in "The Commission is of the una.n1mous tours and simple vacations, to resorts and opinion that marihuana use is not such a to places unique and exotic. M.C.I. looks for­ governments; crime and immorality, all grave problem that individuals who smoke ward to serving your travel needs while keep­ constitute an indictment of our way of marihuana, and possess it for that purpose, ing you up to date on your profession. life. OXIX--2199-Part 27 34902 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 Some people ask, "Was the world ever taxes, salt taxes, sales taxes, and the debase­ to prevent tooth decay since the inven­ in a worse state?" ment of coinage." tion of the toothbrush, but the idea of Yet they came through that horrible period turning over to a dental assistant the The answer is easy-"Yes." in history. Almost every age has had its period So, when you look around you today, know­ primary responsibility for maintenance of deep dispair from which we always ing you can live the way you want to, say and instruction of oral hygiene for pa­ arose to new heights. the things you want to say, enjoy these tients was not formalized until the earlY Margery Burns, a rural newspaper beautiful summer days in any way you wish 1900's. columnist in our Minnesota Sixth Con­ you must feel very thankful you are living Today, dental hygienists are trained gressional District, pointed this qut in a now. for a minimum of 2 years, and are en­ recent article which I would like to share gaged in much more than the polishing with my colleagues by inserting it in the AMERICAN DENTAL HYGIENISTS and cleaning of teeth, although this re­ mains one of their primary duties. They RECORD: CELEBRATE GOLDEN ANNIVER­ THis Is A Goon 'I'IME SARY prepare dental X-rays, and instruct pa­ You are enjoying this wonderful world, tients in proper techniques for the clean­ aren't you? You have a good life. Really ing of teeth, gum treatment, and the role good. HON. PETER N. KYROS of nutrition in oral health. Working un­ To help you realize how lucky you are to be OF MAINE der the supervision of dentists, many living today, take a quick look at another IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dental hygientists have expanded their time ... the 14th century. The Pulitzer functions to include curettage and root­ Prize winning writer, Barbara Tuchman, tells Tuesday, October 23, 1973 planing in the treatment of periodontal of that time as an epidemic of plague, fam­ Mr. KYROS. Mr. Speaker, I would ine, war, violence, bad government, oppres­ disease and administering anesthesia, as sive taxes, decline of morals, and many other like to call attention to the observance well. unbelievable things. by the American Dental Hygienists' As­ As dental hygienists have become more That was the time of the Black Death, sociation of their golden anniversary involved in organizational efforts to make the plague that swept over the known world this month. At the 50th anniversary the public more aware of their role in and killed a third of the population. The meeting of the association in Houston, providing dental care, the ADHA has ex­ people were already weakened by famine October 28 to November 1, some 2,000 panded to operate on various levels. A which was brought on by over-population in dental hygienists from across the Na­ Washington o:tnce was established in 1971 proportion with the primitive way food was produced. And then came a series of heavy tion will meet to celebrate an era that to maintain liaison with Federal health rains and :floods with even a sudden Little has seen the profession of dental hygiene programs affecting dental hygiene prac­ Ice Age. Miss Tuchman says, "This makes play a significant role in maintaining the tice and education, as well as make it the most lethal episode known to history, oral health of the Nation. known the association's views on signifi­ which is of some intrest to an age equipped From a nucleus of only 46 dental cant items of health legislation. with the tools of overkill." hygienists representing 11 States-Cali­ Educating the public to good oral The plague killed with a "terrifying speed". fornia, , Connecticut, Illinois, health as an integral part of total physi­ Whole families died, leaving empty houses , Massachusetts, , New cal well-being continues to be a major and property a prey to looters. Wolves came down from the mountains to attack plague­ York, , Pennsylvania, and West Vir­ concern of the profession, as well as en­ stricken villages, crops went unharvested, ginia--the association has grown to in­ couraging the continuing education of dikes crumbled, salt water reinvaded and clude over 12,000 active members rep­ dental hygienists and setting standards soured the lowlands, the forest crept back. resenting the 50 States, the District of for implementing innovative dental hy­ "For lack of gravediggers, corpses piled up Columbia, and Puerto Rico. giene techniques in keeping with State in the streets or were buried so hastily that With the primary goal of providing practice acts. dogs dug them up and ate them . . . oral hygiene care and instruction, the It is apparent, then, that dental hy­ "People reacted variously, as they always dental hygienists of the Nation, since gienists have established themselves do; some prayed, some robbed, some tried to a.s help, most fled if they could, others aban­ their organization in September 1923, an indispensible part of the dental health doned themselves to debauchery on the have assumed the basic .responsibilities team by relieving the dentist of those theory that there would be no tomorrow." fundamental to every profession. The responsibilities for which the hygienist That was the time. too when the Church ADHA, headquartered in Chicago since is specially trained, thereby increasing was divided under two popes. There was no 1958, has fostered organizational growth dentists' productivity, and by offering the conflict of ideology, it was simply a squabble and dental hygiene education. It has pro­ patient professional expertise to aid for the office of the papacy, and it lasted for duced a journal and other publications establishment of a good oral health regi­ 50 years. Countries, principalities and towns took sides, and that brought on endless wars. along with maintaining liaison with the men. The public lost con:fldence in the Church and communications media. It has spon­ Although dental hygiene has come into its integrity. sored a loan and scholarship program for its own as a profession in recent years, This was the time of the Hundred Years' students, a junior membership status it has by no means reached a static stage. War which actually lasted from 1337 to 1453. for students, and an o:tnce of educational ADHA's constant innovation and contin­ Everyone fought against everyone else con­ services. The ADHA now has some 8,100 uous involvement with dental health con­ stantly. Fighting was the way of life for all junior members. cerns at every level--educational, legisla­ the landed nobles and knights. With all States licensing dental hY­ tive, and direct care delivery-are Miss Tuchman writes, "Every one of these evidence that the association is still conflicts threw off Free Companies of mer­ gienists since 1951, more than 140 ac­ cenaries, organized for brigandage under a credited dental hygiene education pro­ striving to fulfill its goals and thereby, professional captain, which became an evil grams now exist. In addition, the asso­ better address the Nation's oral health of the period as malignant as the plague." ciation has become involved with dental needs. When a sovereign hal ted his war for the hygiene developments worldwide, spon­ I am happy to salute the ADHA and time being, he quit paying his soldiers, and soring four international symposia on the dental hygiene profession as they that's when they started plundering on their dental hygiene. commemorate 50 years of growth and own. They ravaged the countryside, "burned, The association has cooperated with service to the Nation. pillaged, raped and slaughtered their way other agencies in developing accredita­ back and forth across Europe. No one was tion of dental hygiene programs, achieve­ safe, no town or vlllage knew when it might LUDWIG VON MISES be attacked .... Smaller bands, scavenged ment and aptitude testing procedures, like jackals, living off the land plundering, licensure in all States, and national killlng, carrying off women, torturing peas­ board examination in dental hygiene. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE ants for their small horde of grain or towns­ Working relationships have been estab­ OF XLL"INO:IS men for their hidden goods, and burning, lished with the American Dental Asso­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES always burning.... Destruction and cruelty ciation, American Dental Assistants' As­ became self-engendering, not merely for loot sociation, and many other related orga­ Thursday, October 18, 1973 but almost one might say for sport." nizations, thereby strengthening the role Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, Ludwig von The plague came back at intervals of every of the dental hygienist on the oral health Mises, one of the foremost economists twelve to fifteen years over the second half century. And because of all the terrible care team. of the century and one of the most dedi­ things happening, the working class erupted The concept of preventive dentistry is cated advocates of freedom and of a free time and again against the cost of constant not a new idea. Dentists have advocated economy, died at the age of 92 on October wars which the people paid for in "hearth and taught effective oral hygiene habits 10, 1973. October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34903 Professor von Mises was a firm op­ Ludwig von Mises, the antithesis of syco­ always appropriately, chosen to achieve cer­ ponent of government intervention in the phancy and expediency, the intellectual de­ tain ends. scendant of the Renaissance, believed in any­ His litmus test was the extent of the mar­ economy and developed a complex thing but moving with what he regarded as ket; accordingly, he distinguished broadly theory of the business cycle resulting the errors of our times. He sought the eternal among three types of economies: capitalism, from the expansion and contraction of verities. He believed in the dignity of the socialism, and the so-called middle way-in­ the money supply. Booms, he said, re­ individual, the sanctity of contract, the sov­ terventionism, or government intervention in sulted from the expansion of fiduciary eignty of the consumer, the limitation of the the marketplace. bank credit, which inflated the money state, the etlicacy and democracy of the mar­ A BELIEF IN CHOICE supply and artificially lowered interest ket. He opposed the planned society, what­ Mr. von Mises believed in government but rates. This in turn led to overinvest­ ever its manifestations. He held that a free in liinited, non-interventionistic government. ment, which set the economy up for a society and a free market are inseparable. He wrote : "In stark reality, peaceful social slump. Depression would follow as the ex­ It is with a real regret and sense of cooperation is impossible if no provision iS pansion of the money supply was brought loss that we mark the passing of Ludwig made for violent prevention and suppression of antisocial action on the part of refractory to a halt. Rational economic organiza­ von Mises. I wish to share with my col­ individuals and groups of individuals." He be­ tion, he believed, was logically impossible leagues the essay written in memory of lieved that while the vast majority of men in the absence of free markets. Professor von Mises by Prof. William H. generally concurs on ends, men very fre­ The economist was born in Lemberg, Peterson, as it appeared in the Wall quently differ on governmental means-­ Austria, on September 29, 1881. He left Street Journal of October 12, 1973, and sometimes with cataclysmic results, as in the his professorship at the University of insert it into the RECORD at this time: various applications of extreme socialism in Vienna as the Nazis approached Austria, [From the Wall Street Journal, Oct. 12, 1973] fascism and communism or of extreme inter­ and became professor of International ventionism in the "mixed economies." LUDWIG VON MlsES: IN MEMORIUM: He reasoned that regardless of the type of Economic Relations at the Graduate In­ (By William H. Peterson) economy the tough universal econoinic prob­ stitute of International Studies in "Laissez faire does not mean: let soulless lem for the individual in both his personal Geneva. mechanical forces operate. It means: let in­ and political capacities is ever to reconcile Discussing his career, Leonard Silk, dividuals choose how they want to cooperate ends and choose .among means, rationally and writing in the New York Times, noted in the social division of labor and let them effectively. Free--i.e., noncoerced-individual that: determine what the entrepreneurs should choice is the key to personal and societal Professor von Mises was credited with produce. Platnning means: let the govern­ development if not survival, he argued, and helping to revive respect for free-market eco­ ment alone choose and enforce its rulings by intellectual freedom and development are nomics in Europe. He was considered by the apparatus of coercion and compulsion." keys to effective choices. He declared: "Man some the intellectual godfather of the Ger­ Ludwig von Mises-"Planning for Freedom." has only one tool to fight error-reason." man post-war "economic miracle." 1952. Mr. von Mises thus saw something of an A generation of students at New York Uni­ either/or human destiny. While man could While Professor von Mises believed in versity's graduate business school who took destroy himself and civilization, he could government, the kind of government in the economics courses of Ludwig von Mises also ascend-in a free society, i.e., a free econ­ which he believed was nonintervention­ remember a gentle, diminutive, soft-spoken, omy-to undreamed-of cultural, intellectual white-haired European scholar-with a Inind and technological heights. In any event, istic. He wrote: like steel. thought would be decisive. Mr. von Mises In stark reality, peaceful social cooperation Professor von Mises, who died Wednesday believed in the free market of not only goods is impossible if no provision is made for vio­ at the age of 92, was an uncompromising ra­ and services but of ideas as well-in the po­ lent prevention and suppression of anti-social tionalist and one of the world's great think­ tential of human intellect. action on the part of refractory individuals ers. He built his philosophical edifice on rea­ The failure of socialism, according to Mr. and groups of individuals. son and individualism, on freedom and free von Mises, lay in its inherent inability to at­ The failure of socialism, he believed, enterprise. He started with the premise that tain sound "economic calculation," in its de­ lay in its denial of the sovereignty of man is a whole being with his thought and nial of sovereignty to the consumer. He action tightly integrated into cause and ef­ argued in his 1922 work, "Socialism," pub­ the consumer. Only 5 years after the fect--that hence the concept of "economic lished five years after the Bolshevik Revolu­ Russian Revolution he wrote in his vol­ man," controlled by impersonal force, is tion that shook the world, that Marxist eco­ ume, Socialism, that Marxist economics in error. nomics lacked an effective means for "eco­ lacked an effective means for "economic All this was subsumed under the title of nomic calculation"-l.e., an adequate substi­ calculation," or an adequate substitute his 900-page, magnum opus, "Human Action,'' tute for the critical resource-allocation func­ for the critical resource-allocation func­ first published in 1949. Mr. von Mises, a total tion of the market pricing mechanism. Thus tion of the market pricing mechanism. anti-totalitarian and Distinguished Fellow of is socialism inherently self-condemned to the American Economic Association, was pro­ inetliciency if not disorder, unable to effec­ Thus, he pointed out, socialism is in­ fessor of political economy at New York Uni­ tively register supply and demand forces and herently condemned to inefficiency, if not versity for a quarter-century, retiring in consumer preference in the marketplace. disorder. 1969. Before that he had a professorship at Socialism must fall at calculation because The real threat in the West, Professor the Graduate Institute of International an effective economy involves the simultane­ von Mises believed, was not outright so­ Studies in Geneva. And before Geneva he had ous decisions of many individual human ac­ cialism, but Government intervention in long been a professor at the University of tors--which creates far too large a task for the economy. Discussing the career of Vienna--a professorship which the oncoining any central planning board, argued Mr. von Ludwig von Mises, Prof. William H. Nazi "Anschluss" take-over of Austria, under­ Mises. standably, terininated. The problem, as Mr. Hayek later pointed Peterson, a former New York University Among his students in Vienna were Gott­ out, is of the use of knowledge in society. A faculty colleague, notes that, for Von fried Haberier, Friedrich Hayek, Fritz Mach­ central planning board cannot obtain the Mises, intervention by Government was lup, Oskar Morgenstern and Karl Popper who knowledge of the decentralized market. To do "ever undermining if not outrightly sup­ were to become scholars of world renown in so ultimately would be to require the central planting the marketplace. Interven­ their own right. planning board to know as much as each tionism from public power production to Starting right after World War n, Mr. von human actor. Thus this knowledge 1s far be­ farm price support, from pushing mini­ Mises gave three courses at NYU: Socialism yond the reach of any centralized agency. and the Profit System, Government Control even with the aid of computers. mum wages up and to forcing interest and the Profit System, and Seminar in Eco­ Some years afterwards, Oskar Lange, then rates down, from vigorously expanding noinic Theory. In each course he carefully es­ of the University of California and later chie:f credit to contracting, however in­ tablished the primacy of freedom in the mar­ econoinic planner of Poland's Politburo, rec­ advertently, capital formation." ketplace. He stated that the unhampered ognized the challenge of the von Mises cri­ In his important book, Bureacuracy, pricing mechanism, ever pull1ng supply and tique on Socialist economic calculation. So he Professor von Mises pointed out that demand toward eqUilibrium but never quite in turn challenged the Socialists to somehow Government agencies have essentially no reaching it, is the key to resource optim1za­ devise a resource allocative system to dupli­ criterion of value to apply to their opera­ tion and, indirectly, to a free and creative cate the efficiency of market allocation. He tions, while "economic calculation makes society. even proposed a statue in honor of Mr. von Mr. von Mlses believed in choice. He be­ Mises to acknowledge to Invaluable service it possible for business to adjust produc­ lieved that choosing among options deter­ the leader of the Austrian School had pre­ tion to the demands of consumers." mines all human decisions and hence the sumably rendered to the cause of socialism In an era when lesser minds accepted entire sphere of human action-a sphere he in directing attention to this as yet unsolved the intellectual fads of the moment, Lud­ designated as "praxeology." He held that the question in Socialist theory. The statue has wig von Mises stood for what he believed types of national econoinies prevailing across yet to be erected in Warsaw's main square. to be time-tested truths. Professor Peter­ the world and throughout history were sim­ Bu~ probably to Mr. von Mises the more son notes that: ply the various means intellectually, if not immediate econoinic threat to the West was 34904 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 not so much external communism as in­ "pure,'' too uncompromising with the real haps they had formed the linage of Ludwig terna.linterventionlsm-government ever un­ world on its terms and assumptions. If that Mises as cold, severe, austere, the logical dermining if not outrightly supplanting the is a. fault, Mr. von Mises was certainly gullty. scholar repelled by lesser mortals, bitter at marketplace. Interventionism from public But Ludwig von Mises, the antithesis of sy­ the follies around him and at the long trall power production to farm price supports, cophancy and expediency, the intellectual of wrongs and insults that he had suffered. from pushing minimum wages up to forcing descendant CYf the Renaissance, believed in They couldn't have been more wrong; for interest rates down, from vigorously expand­ anything but moving with what he regarded what they met was a mind of genius blended ing credit to contracting, however inadvert­ as the errors of our times. He sought the harmoniously with a personality of great ently, capital formation. eternal verities. He believed in the dignity sweetness and benevolence. Not once has any As in socia.lism, interventionism also in­ of the individual, the sanctity of contract, of us heard a harsh or bitter word escape curs the problem of economic calculation, of the sovereignty of the consumer, the llmlta­ from Mises' lip. Unfailing gentle and cour­ denial of consumer sovereignty. In his "Bu­ tion of the state, the efficacy and democracy teous, Ludwig Mlses was always there to reaucracy,'' he held that government agen­ of the market. encourage even the slightest signs of pro­ cies have essentially no criterion of value to He apposed the planned society, whatever ductivity or intelligence in his friends and apply to their operations, whUe "economic its manifestations. He held that a free society students; always there for warn.:th as well calculation makes it possible for business to and a free Ina.rket are inseparable. He gloried as for the mastery of logic and reason that adjust production to the demands of the in the potential of reason and man. In sum, his works have long proclaimed him. consumers." he stood for principle in the finest tradition And always there as an inspiration and as On the other hand, he maintained, "if a. of Western civlliza.tion. And from that rock a constant star. For what a life this man public enterprise is to be operated without re­ of principle, during a. long and fruitful life, lived! Ludwig Mises died soon after his 92nd gard to profits, the behavior of the public no this titan of our age never budged. birthday, and until near the end he ted his longer provides a. criterion of its usefulness." Mr. Speaker, Ludwig von Mises was life very much in the world, pouring forth a He concluded, therefore, "the problem of bu­ mighty stream of great and immortal works, reaucratic management is precisely the ab­ ignored by many in the academy because a fountainhead of energy and productivity sence of such a. method of calculation." In­ his belief in freedom and in the free as he taught continually at a university until deed, interventionism, he maintained, usually market ran counter to the intellectual the age of 87, as he :flew tirelessly around the achieves results precisely opposite to those orthodoxies of the day. He was not con­ world to give papers and lectures on behalf intended; subsidies to industries make them cerned, however, with the passing of the free market and of sound economic sick, minimum wage laws boomerang on la­ academic fads of the moment, but with science--a mighty structure of coherence bor, welfare hurts the poor, industrial reg­ the eternal truths about the nature of and logic to which he contributed so much ulation reduces competition and efficiency, man and society. of his own creation. foreign aid undermines developing countries. Ludwig Mises' steadfastness and courage So, citing German interventionist experi­ Slowly, men of equally independent in the face of treatment that would have ence of the 1920s cllma.xlng in the Hitleria.n mind began to gather about him, and at shattered lesser men, was a. never-ending regime and British interventionism of the his death he began to witness a revival wonder to us all. Once the literal toast of post-World War II era. culminating in deval­ of philosophy of freedom and free enter­ both the economics profession and of the uations and secular economic decline, he held prise. Discussing this fact, one of his world's leaders, Mises was to find, at the very so-called middle-of-the-road policies sooner close friends, Prof. Murray Rothbard, height of his powers, his world shattered or later lead to some form of collectivism, writes that: and betrayed. For as the world rushed head­ whether of the Socialist, Fascist or Commu­ long into the fallacies and evils of Keynes­ nist mold. I am confident that Mtses was heartened lanism and statism, Mises' great insights and by these signs of a new awakening of freedom INTERVENTION BREEDS INTERVENTION contributions were neglected and scorned, and of the sound economics which he had and the large majority of his eminent and He maintained economic interventionism carved out and which was for so long necessarily produces friction whether at forgotten. · formerly devoted students decided to bend home or, as in the cases of foreign aJ.d and with the new breeze. international commodity agreements, abroad, I would like to share with my col­ But shamefully neglected though he was, What otherwise would be simply the volun­ leagues Professor Rothbard's very per­ coming to America. to a. second-rate post tary action of privia.te citizens in the market­ and deprived of the opportunity to gather sonal farewell to Ludwig von Mises as it the best students, Ludwig Mtses never once place becomes coercive and politicized inter­ appeared in Human Events of October 20, vention when transferred to the public sec­ complained or wavered. He simply hewed to tor. Such intervention breeds more interven­ 1973, and insert it into the RECORD at his great purpose, to carve out and elaborate tion. Animosity and strain if not outright this time: the mighty structure of economics and social violence become inevitable. Property and LUDWIG VON MlsES: 1881-1973 science that he alone had had the genius to contract are weakened. Militancy and revo­ (By Murray N. Rothbard) see as a coherent whole; and to stand four­ lution are strengthened. square for the individualism and the free­ For those of us who have loved as well dom that he realized was required if the In time, inevitable internal conflicts as revered Ludwig von Mtses, words cannot could be "externalized" into warfare. Mr. human race was to survive and prosper. He express our great sense of loss: of this was indeed a constant star that could not be van Mlses wrote: "In the long run, war and gracious, brilllant and wonderful man; this the preservation of the market economy are deflected one iota from the body of truth man or unblemished integrity; this coura­ which he was the first to see and to present incompatible. Capitalism is essentia.lly a. geous and lifelong fighter for human free­ scheme for peaceful nations. . . . To defeat to those who would only listen. the aggressors is not enough to make peace dom; this a.U-encompassing scholar; this And despite the odds, slowly but surely durable. The main thing is to discard the noble inspiration to us all. And above all thiS some of us began to gather around him, to ideology that generates war." gentle and charming friend, this man who learn and listen and derive sustenance from Mr. von Mtses had no stomach for the idea. brought to the rest of us the living embodi­ the glow of his person and his work. And in that a. nation could simply deficit-spend its ment of the culture and the charm of the last few years, as the ideas of liberty and way to prosperity, as advocated by many of pre-World War I Vienna.. the free market have begun to revive with Keynes' followers. He held such economic For Mises' death takes away from us not increasing swiftness in America, his name thinking is fallaciously based on govern­ only a deeply revered friend and mentor, but and his ideas began to strike chords in us mental "contracyclica.l policy." This policy it tolls the bell for the end of an era; the all and his greatness to become known to a calls for budget surpluses in good times and last Uving mark of that nobler, freer and far new generation. budget deficits in bad times so as to main­ more civilized era of pre-1914 Europe. Optimistic as he always was, I am con­ tain "effective dema.nd" and hence "full em­ Mises' friends and students wm know fident that Mises was heartened by these ployment." instinctively what I mean: for when I thlD.k signs of a new awakening of freedom and He maintained the formula. ignored the po­ of Ludwig Mlses I think first of all of those of the sound economics which he had carved litical propensity to spend, good times or bad. landmark occasions when I had the privilege out and which was for so long forgotten. And it ignored Ina.rket-sensitive cost-price of afternoon tea at the Mlses': in a small We could not, alas, recapture the spirit and relationships and especially the proclivity of apartment that virtually breathed the the breadth and the erudition, the ineffable trade unions and minimum wage laws to atmosphere of a long lost and fa.r more grace of Old Vienna. But I reverently hope price labor out of markets--i.e., into unem­ civilized era. The graciousness of Mises' that we were able to sweeten his days by at ployment. devoted wife Margit; the precious volumes least a. little. Thus, he held Keynesian theory in practice that were the remains of a superb home Of all the marvelous anecdotes that Mises proceeds through :fl.ts of fiscal and monetary library destroyed by the Nazis; but above all, used to tell I remember this one the most expansion and leads to inflation, controls and Mlses himself spinning in his inlmltable clearly, and perhaps it wm convey a little of ultimately stagnation. Further, it results in way anecdotes of Old Vienna., tales of the wit and the spirit of Ludwig Mtses. Walk­ the swelling of the public sector and shrink­ scholars past and present, brilliant insights ing down the streets of Vienna with his ing of the private sector-a trend that spells into economics, politics and social theory, friend, the great German philosopher Max trouble for human liberty. and astute comments on the current scene. Scheler. Scheler turned to Mises and asked, To be sure, many economists and business­ Readers of Mlses' majestic, formidable with some exasperation: "What is there in men have long felt that Mr. von Mises was and uncompromising works must have been the climate of Vienna that breeds all these entirely too adamant, too impolitic, too often surprised to meet him in person. Per- logical positivists [the dominant school of October 23, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34905 modern philosophy that Mises combatted all AMNESTY MUST NOT BE because we believe that war is sin, but his life] ?" With his characteristic shrug, FORGOTTEN also because we understand that the gospel Mises gently replied: "Well, after all, there message can bridge the walls of host111ty are several million people living in Vienna, which exist, between exiles, families, and and among these there are only about a HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS government. dozen logical positivists." OF CALIFORNIA At its root, the concept of amnesty had to But oh, Mises, now you are gone, and we do with the biblical understanding of recon­ have lost our guide, our Nestor, our friend. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES c111ation. How can there be reconcilatlon be­ How will we carry on without you? But we Tuesday, October 23, 1973 tween parents and children In the United have to carry on, because anything less States? How can there be reconciliation be­ would be a shameful betrayal of all that you Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, the bit­ tween the government and exiles? How can have taught us, by the example of your noble terness of the war years lives on. More there be reconc111ation between those with life as much as by your immortal works. than ever we need comprehensive am­ different opinions on war? How can we re­ Bless you, Ludwig von Mises, and our deep­ nesty legislation, so that we may-to use store the unity of our nation while main­ est love goes with you. a current phrase--move beyond the ob­ taining integrity both for the country and sessions of the past. More and more peo­ its people? We, the members of the Church of the ple are beginning to realize that amnes­ Brethren, believe that reconcilation is most ty legislation may set a good precedent SUPERPORT CONTROL likely if the following things occur: in these troubled times. 1. The United States Government should One of the most determined oppo­ grant unconditional amnesty to all those HON. GILLIS W. LONG nents of amnesty has recently received who are alienated from their nation because OF a suspended sentence. No one has sug­ of their personal acts of conscience in rela­ tion to war. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gested that he now wear a distinguish­ ing mark, as he once did in the case of 2. Christians, both individually and as de­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 nominations, should become agents of recon­ resisters. I say this in no spirit of taunt­ c111ation wherever such service 1s needed. Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Speaker, ing bitterness, but----eould this man now find it in his heart to advocate suspend­ BIBLICAL BASIS the energy crisis is one of the paramount In the New Testament, the theme of rec­ issues of the day. How we solve this prob­ ing the penalties of those who trans­ onciliation is central to the understanding lem will affect all future generations. gressed the law, not through greed, but of God's love for persons in Jesus Christ. The Playing no small part in the ultimate so­ through conscience? Who stood up and gospel calls us to a ministry of reconciliation. lution will be the deepwater harbor-the received the penalties Mr. Agnew under­ First, according to Ephesians 2:14, rec­ superport. Because of this, I wanted to standably wished to spare himself and onc111ation is a gift of God. For he is our share with my colleagues a most interest­ his family? peace, who has made us both one, and has All around us the powerful are top­ broken down the dividing wall of hostility ... ing editorial which appeared in the Through God's action in Jesus Christ, there October 13, 1973, edition of the New pling, betrayed by their distorted view is reconc111ation between people while there Orleans States-Item. The text follows: of the world. But let us not allow the are differences (John 10:16); Galatians The Nixon Administration is attempting sound of the crashing pillars of state 3 :28). Even though the disagreements on to convince Congress that states should not smother the sound of those languishing many issues separate people within our na­ have the final say concerning the construc­ in our prison&, or living in barren flats in tion, there can be reconciliation if we accept tion of superports off their coastlines. The Sweden and Canada, or looking for a job it as God's gift. argument should be resisted. with the stigma of a bad military dis­ A declaration of amnesty follows this As the people of Louisiana are well aware charge. There is no greater duty than to model. Through amnesty, a government can from experience with the offshore oil indus­ forget the legal penalties connected with the try, superports will mean a;dded responsi­ remember the weak, and I ask my col­ actions of a group of persons, and thereby bilities in the area of support fac111ties, and leagues to take time from their pressing declare that the unity of its people is more added environmental dangers. concerns to undo the damage the war important than continued host111ty and di­ It is only right that those who must as­ has wrought-more for our sake than vision. Amnesty can bring reconciliation sume the responsib111ties and dangers should theirs. even though significant differences remain have the final say over such installations. At this point I would like to put in on the issues at stake, because such an ac­ Transportation Secretary Claude S. Brine­ two statements on amnesty and tax re­ tion removes the punitive measures related gar, representing the administration before to such differences. Reconciliation is a gift the House Subcommittee on Water Resources sistance that have been prepared by the of God and he will bring peace if we trust and Energy, urged rejection of a bill that Church of the Brethren and adopted by him (Psalm 118:8-9}. would give states veto power over superport their annual conference of this year. I Second, according to II Corinthians 5: 18, construction off their coasts. think these are excellent statements that the church is called to be an agent of recon­ "The cumulative impact of a bunch of bring out all aspects of the question in ciliation. (All this is from God who through no's is that we are rationing gasoline and a fair, clear manner. The statement on Christ reconciled us to himself and gave us running out of fuel oil," he argued. amnesty is especially to be commended the ministry of reconciliation.) The Church He contended that oil is a vital element for emphasizing the duties and oppor­ of the Brethren has always taken this Scrip­ of the nation's transportation system and tunities of local communities to do the ture seriously and we have set out to be rec­ the final authority for the construction of oncilers. As Christ was the mediator be­ a superport must be made at the federal job of amnesty on the concrete, human tween sinners and God, so the Church is level. level. I hope these statements will re­ called to a ministry of reconc111ation between All of this may be true, but the fact re­ mind us of an issue that should not be persons and God and between people in con­ mains that the states have a right to over­ forgotten, and will not be forgotten un­ flict with one another. see the development and operation of facil­ til it is resolved: Whatever the government does about am­ nesty, there will be need for reconc111at1on. ities with such a direct bearing on the lives CONFERENCE STATEMENT, 1973-AMNESTY of those most closely associated with them. Many men have become alienated from their That is why Louisiana has a Superport AN ANNUAL CONFERENCE STATEMENT fam111es and local communities and now Authority. If a superport is to be built off The following "Statement of the Church of want to be reunited. Many young people the coast of Louisiana, it must be done right. the Brethren on Amnesty" was adopted by could return home now without legal diffi­ Outside of the Nixon Administration there the Church of the Brethren Annual Confer­ culties, and may if they have a supportive is considerable agreement for final state jur­ ence, Fresno, CA, June, 1973. community. Some may decide to return and isdiction. Those who believe that the states INTRODUCTION face the legal penalties rather than remain as exiles. On many levels there is work of should have the fin~l say in the matter in­ There are thousands of persons today who clude the members of the Louisiana Deep reconclliation which could be done by the have felt the effects of the dividing wall of Church. The Scriptures lead us to such a Draft Harbor and Terminal Authority (the host111ty which has been generated by war. ministry. Superport Authority), and the Southern Social relationships in the family and be­ Governors' Conference. tween families have been damaged because HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Nixon Administration is attempting persons have had different beliefs and con­ Throughout its history, the Church of the to stampede Congress with doomsday pre­ victions about war. Even after the war has Brethren has taken seriously the task of dictions on the energy crisis. been declared over, there remain divisions bringing persons together. During the Revo­ Congress should not bow to the adminis­ which cause suffering for persons and groups lutionary War the Brethren refused to side tration arguments. The final decision on the in our society. with either army, but worked to bring peace construction of superports should be made The Church of the Brethren regards this in their communities. It was Elder John by the states required to live with them. situation with concern and sorrow not only Kline in the War between the States who 34906 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 tirelessly rode the circuit of reconcillation peace, is taken for granted in this paper the liberty of the Christian is not a license to keep persons as one in faithfulness to without further investigation. for him to disregard his civic obligations in Christ. During and following World War II, That the payment of federal taxes in­ matters such as tax payment. Brethren took in and aided Japanese-Amer­ evitably involves one in war and preparation Certainly, all of the above texts must be ican refugees. The present situation presents for war is self-evident (See Exhibit A. This held in tension with such commands as the Brethren another opportunity to be in­ and other exhibits are in a separate printed obeying God rather than men, separating volved in healing the wounds of war and to be piece.) Yet when the Christian understand­ oneself from evil, not conforming to the faithful to the ministry of reconclllation. ing is applied to this issue, the matter imme­ world, and so on. But the evidence is that, THE PRESENT CRISIS diately becomes complex and problematic. in this tension, the New Testament Chris­ The question of amnesty is being debated On the one hand, our calling is to obey God tians found their proper balance to include in the press, discussed on radio and televi­ rather than men, to witness for Christian the paying of taxes rather than the with­ sion, and kept much alive in our nation's peace and presumably, also, to protest the holding of them (see Exhibit B). capital. Several amnesty bills and resolu­ evil of war. But on the other hand, the New THE BRETHREN TRADITION tions have been introduced since the present Testament makes it clear that the Christian just as certainly has been called to stand Historical research (see Appendix) indi­ session of Congress began. cates that the official position of the church In any discussion of amnesty, we are talk­ alongside his fellowmen, to participate in their common life, and to take a responsible consistently has been that of paying all taxes, ing about hundreds and thousands who have including some that were much more di­ suffered some legal disability because of war. role in the larger world. Regarding taxes, then, the first calling rectly "war taxes" than any that can be so For instance, tens of thousands of these per­ identifled today. Indeed, even the possibility sons have come out of the milltary service in would seem to imply that the Christian should entirely divorce himself from that of withholding taxes was given almost no the Indochina War with less than honorable consideration until very recently. When such discharges, have been convicted of Selective society which has dedicated its energies to the waging of war and refuse to support it consideration was given, the church in every Service violations or have become exiles, for in any way-including, of course, tax sup­ instance granted the right of conscience to conscience's sake. port. However, the second calling would im­ tax resisters even while declining to recom­ CONCLUSION ply a Christian obligation to participate fully mend their action. It should be noted, too, Therefore, we come to these conclusions on in the social effort of humanity-including, that some of the Brethren who have been the question of amnesty: of course, the payment of one's fair share of most honored for their peace witness also 1. As United States citizens, we believe taxes. The problem is to find the proper bal­ took a stand in favor of paying taxes; the that reconciliation is more important for our ance between these two callings. person's position regarding tax payment was nation than the punitive wrath of the law. This finding of balan~e is complicated by not made a test of his commitment to We favor unconditional amnesty for all those the difficulty in distinguishing between "war Christian peace. who due to an act of conscience are alienated taxes" and other taxes when the government THE CURRENT SITUATION because of war. We recommend the officers of itself makes no such distinction. Still fur­ One complicating aspect of tax resistance Annual Conference make these views known ther complication is introduced when the is the fact that tax monies are not clearly to the President and appropriate persons in question arises as to whether one actually is differentiated into military and non-mllltary Congress. able to withhold tax money or in any way categories; most of the functions of govern­ 2. As Christians we believe that our minis­ affect the amount that ultimately is spent ment are financed out of the same general try of reconc111ation begins now. Whatever for war purposes. That matter is not an easy fund. Money withheld (if that actually is the government does, we must begin working one. possible) is withheld as much from the hu­ now to bring reconciliation between those NEW TESTAMENT GUIDANCE mane programs of the government as from who have become separated because of their As we turn to the New Testament we military programs; and it takes some care to views on war. We recommend the following realize that the early Christians had to seek make it clear that what one is protesting action: is war and not taxation in and of itself. In (a) We recommend that our members and the same balance that we do; undoubtedly there have been few if any times in history our day, the telephone tax comes the closest local congregations provide a supportive com­ to being an explicit "war tax"-although munity for all persons who desire reconcilia­ when a Christian's tax bill did not include "war taxes." And it is certain that money even that situation is debatable (see Exhibit tion with their government, fam111es, and/or C). local communities. This might involve such paid to the Roman Empire went not only activities as providing a context in which per­ to support war but also idolatry, slavery, and The Christian's problem is further com­ sons can talk with their parents or children, other evils as well. plicated by the fact that he cannot actually providing a home for those who need a place The New Testament, of course, is consist­ withhold taxes, deprive the war effort of to live while becoming reestablished in a ent in its opposition to war and violence; funds, or prevent his money from being used community, helping men who choose to face yet at every point where the particular issue for war purposes-short of doing without a a prison experience. of taxes 1s raised, the counsel is to pay them; telephone (and perhaps other items sub­ (b) We recommend our General Board pro­ no explicit precedent for withholding them ject to federal excise taxes), keeping his in­ vide program and resources to help members is to be found. come below taxable level, or resorting to and local congregations be agents of recon­ Paul, in Romans 13:4--8 (NEB), speaks questionable dodges (see Exhibit D), What­ ciliation for persons alienated from their in terms of general principle: "You are ever taxes the individual does not pay volun­ government, their fam111es and/or their local obliged to submit. It is an obligation im­ tarily, the government is able to collect by communities. This might involve communi­ posed not merely by fear of retribution but means of liens and confiscations (and pen­ cation with and support of exiles and de­ by conscience. That is also why you pay taxes. alties which have the e1fect of actually in­ serters in various parts of the world, publicity The authorities are in God's service and to creasing the amount of one's money that on the services, and education of local con­ these duties they devote their energies. Dis­ goes to the government). gregations. charge your obligations to all men; pay tax In its effect, then, tax resistance must be We pray that reconciliation can become a and toll, reverence and respect, to those understood simply as one means of register­ reality and that our nation can become uni­ to whom they are due. Leave no claim out­ ing strong and dramatic opposition to war­ fied around purposes which reflect the will of standing against you, except that of mutual a protest which may or may not be more God in our time. love ( cf. 1 Peter 2: 13-17). effective than other means of protest. In fact, Adopted by the Church of the Brethren When faced with the specific question of unless it is also accompanied by some other Annual Conference, 1973. A related state­ paying taxes to Caesar, Jesus' response was form of witness, tax refusal, in and of itself, ment is available: "Pay Caesar what is due to Caesar, and pay has the disadvantage of being sheerly nega­ "A Statement of the Church of the Breth­ God what is due to God." (Matthew 22:15- tive protest against war rather than a posi­ ren," Annual Conference, 1970, 15¢. 22; cf. Mark 12:13-17 and Luke 20:19-26). tive witness to the Prince of Peace and his The intended implication would seem to be way. CONFERENCE STATEMENT, 1973-TAXATION that what belongs to God is much more in­ THE FINDING FOR WAR clusive and in every way prior to what be­ longs to Caesar. And yet if Jesus' statement We ftnd no specific bibllcal counsel direct­ AN ANNUAL CONFERENCE STATEMENT means to indicate as legitimately belonging ing that taxes should be withheld, while we The following statement on "The Chris­ to Caesar, it is precisely that coin of taxa­ do find some calling for the payment of taxes tian's Response to Taxation for War" was tion which Caesar himself had minted. even to a sinful, militaristic government. adopted by the Church of the Brethren An­ Finally, in Matthew 17:24-27, Jesus, in However we can appreciate the fact that a nual Conference meeting in Fresno, CA, June order "not to cause o1fense," shows himself number of Brethren, out of a truly Christian 1973. willing to pay even that tax which, he as­ aversion to war based on the total Spirit THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE serts, could not rightly be claimed of him. and life of Jesus and the overall teachings This study assumes as its background the The reference may be to the temple tax, of the New Testament do feel led of God to church's long-established position regard­ although Jesus does speak of "earthly mon­ make protest by means of tax refusal. But ing peace and war and, in particular, the archs" collecting it. Be that as it may, the whatever action the Christian takes, it Statement of the Church of the Brethren temple came under just as strong a judg­ should mark a serious and dedicated effort on War as adopted by the 1970 Conference. ment from Jesus as the state did. And it to realize the lordship of Jesus Christ and What is affirmed there, that all war is sin seems clear that the gospel writer wants to become obedient only to him. It should never and that the gospel calls us to the way of use this incident to teach, with Paul, that be merely the practice of a current political October 2'3, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34907 technique on the one hand or a heedless ture. The President has decided to com­ tended to comply with the court's order. and cowardly way of avoiding trouble for ply with the court order to produce spe­ Now Judge Sirica must decide whether oneself on the other. cific tapes and documents requested by the order has been complied with. I RECOMMENDATIONS Special Watergate Prosecutor Archibald rather doubt that he will rule in the af­ Although the Brethren cannot agree as to Cox. He has, however, succeeded in re­ firmative. whether tax Withholding 1s proper, they all moving the special prosecutor and by so can recognize the propriety of using the Mr. Speaker, the President in his ac­ means of dissent which the social order it­ doing has succeeded in insulating him­ tion has thrown down the gauntlet to self recognizes and provides. We recommend, self and his White House associates from the people of this country through their therefore, that all who feel the concern be further investigation of Watergate and Congress. We in this body dare not yield, encouraged to express their protests and other campaign finance-related matters. for to do so would be to admit that one testimonies through letters accompanying We do not know what is on the tapes man is above the law. This must never their tax returns, whether accompanied by Mr. Nixon is giving over to Judge Sirica. be. payment or not, in correspondence with ap­ We can be sure, however, that the Presi­ So now, let us wait for the judgment propriate legislators and officials, and in dent is not turning over material that of the court and study Judge Sirica's other such ways. will directly implicate him in any of the We recommend, also that both the denom­ opinion before embarking on any crash ination and individual Brethren give strong Watergate crimes. We can also be cer­ course. Then, at the appropriate time, and active support to appropriate legisla­ tain that despite assurances the Depart­ let us undertake whatever actions are tion providing alternative tax arrangements ment of Justice will not vigorously pur­ necessary for the good of this Nation. for peaceful purposes for those persons con­ sue a Watergate investigation. It is clear scientiously opposed to war. that no Attorney General can conduct A FINAL PLEA such an investigation and keep his job. We plead for a mutual and brotherly hon­ What is needed is the establishment of MR. GEORGE VICTOR, POET LAURE­ oring of one another in this matter. To those an independent prosecutor by the Con­ ATE, OF THE 19TH OHIO CON­ whose reading of scripture leads them con­ gress who will be able to investigate the GRESSIONAL DISTRICT scientiously to pay their full tax require­ President's role in Watergate related ment, may they recognize the sincere Chris­ crimes and deliver his evidence to the tian intention of the withholders in their Watergate grand juries. I am cosponsor­ HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY desire to protest against what the New Testi­ ing legislation to establish an independ­ OF OHIO mony clearly identifies as the sinfulness and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES demonism of war. To those who because of ent O:tnce of Special Prosecutor which their Christian conviction conscientiously will be filled by judicial appointment Tuesday, October 23, 1973 and will be charged with the responsi­ feel that they must withhold payment in Mr. CARNEY of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, some degree, may they realize that their bility of conducting a full, unimpeded in­ brethren who pay are themselves striving vestigation of White House involvement on Saturday, September 29, 1973, new to be obedient to the instruction of scripture in all the Watergate and campaign :fi­ congressional district omces to serve the and dare not be assumed to be any less dedi­ nance-related crimes. citizens of the 19th Ohio District who cated to the Prince of Peace than are those reside in Trumbull County were officially who withhold. opened. On that occasion, Mr. George Finally, we would consider it most unfor­ Victor, of 1135 Ward Avenue NW., War­ tunate if, because of the taxation Issue, the ren, whom I have designated "Poet Lau­ church allows its peace emphasis to become UNITED STATES-SHOCKED AND focused upon this on particular technique DISCOURAGED reate of the 19th Ohio Congressional of anti-war protest and so be diverted from District," presented a poem he wrote en­ the much more important matters of deep­ titled, "Liberty." ening our biblicai and theological under­ HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM In his poem, Mr. Victor expresses ap­ standing of the Christian peace position and OF CALIFORNIA preciation for my efforts to improve com­ of being about the positive work of recon­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of clliation at all levels of human interaction munication between the citizens the through our witness to Him who is our Rec­ Tuesday, October 23, 1973 19th Ohio District and their Government onclliation. Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, I was in Washington, and pride at being an Adopted by the Church of the Brethren shocked and discouraged, as were mil­ American. Mr. Speaker, it is people like Annual Conference, 1973. (G-4) 9-27-73, lions of people across the United States, Mr. Victor that make public service so Price: 20c, 1150-750-250. Related statements available: the Appendix to this statement at the President's precipitate and ill-ad­ rewarding. I insert his beautiful poem in called "The Historical Tradition of the Breth­ vised action in :firing Special Prosecutor the RECORD at this time: ren Regarding the Payment of Taxes for Archibald Cox and thus causing the res­ LIBERTY War Purposes," free, attached; "A State­ ignations of Attorney General Richard­ (By George Victor) ment of the Church of the Brethren on War," son and Deputy Attorney General Ruck­ As I look out and see you folks from here Annual Conference, 1970, 15c; and "Taxes for elshaus. upon this dias, War Purposes," a statement adopted by the When we consider the assurances giv­ General Board, November 1967, 5c). I do belteve I am a man who does not have en Mr. Cox at the time of his appoint­ any type of bias, ment and repeated thereafter, we realize I wear a title for which I'm proud, I'll share that Mr. Richardson and Mr. Ruckels­ it with every man-I am a Warrenite CONGRESS MUST REESTABLISH haus had no alternative to resignation and a nephew of dear old Uncle Sam. THE OFFICE OF SPECIAL when ordered to fire Mr. Cox. I congrat­ To me he is the greatest and gives me quite WATERGATE PROSECUTOR ulate and commend Mr. Cox for his te­ a thrill, because my friends and neigh­ nacity and his courage in his long strug­ bors "my Uberty I have still." HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL gle to work through the courts and to see Toda.y before your eyes a working man am I that the court's order concerning the and as I look upon you, I see many a OF NEW YORK tapes be respected. wonderful eye, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I think that it is easy to understand Yes you have your problems--this I really Tuesday, October 23, 1973 the willingness of Senators ERVIN and know-but really good Americans­ this is the way, llfe does go, Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, President BAKER to accept the President's suggested compromise. After all, Judge Sirica had So as I stand here and speak I really am so Nixon's decision to turn over the Water­ proud--cause I'm just a working m111- gate tapes to District Court Judge John quite properly denied them any other wright and yet in this great land­ Sirica for judicial review indicates that legal access to the tapes. After all the "me", I can speak out loud. the cries of the outraged public and Con­ Senate committee is an investigative, not So cheer up-be happy and really friends gress have reached the President's Camp a judicial body. be gay-for now our Congressman has David mountain top. The President has The issue remains as to whether the given us another easier way- obviously decided that he cannot main­ compromise satisfies the directive of the To come and speak and say our words of tain his arrogant position of total defi­ U.S. Court of Appeals. After that court what we would like to see done and if ance of the courts, the Congress, the you as true Americans use this fac111ty upheld Judge Sirica's order, the Presi­ I'm sure you wlll enjoy some fun. Constitution, and the American people. dent chose not to appeal to the Supreme Its great to be an American-living in thiS To celebrate this as a victory of rea­ Court. Although I am not a lawyer, this city I love--I really enjoy-you people son over arrogance, however, is prema- fmplled to me that the President in- your Uke the stars above, 34908 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 23, 1973 Thank God that we have this freedom-like The Public Buildings Service has been In addition to energy conservation features me standing here to speak-just step vitally concerned with the conservation of in the basic architectural design, we intend forth my neighbors-please don't be energy for many years. In our primary role to demonstrate energy savings in the me­ mild and meek. as the builders and operators of office space chanical, electrical, lighting, plumbing, and This office has been opened for you my for the Federal Government, we have at­ space conditioning areas. We have included friend--come in and speak the truth tempted to use the most economical source such energy conservation features as heat and if you just look over at that fiag of energy, while using it in the most efficient recovery systems, computer programmed me­ you will see it--as living proof. manner. We have had several on-going energy chanical and electrical systems, and a solar conservation programs to reduce energy con­ collector. Once the building is complete with Good luck-God bless you Congressman­ sumption in 2,600 GSA-owned and operated the various energy conservation systems in­ and I thank God I'm a nephew of buildings nationwide. These programs were stalled, they will be monitored and evalu­ Uncle Sam and I have met you folks not based primarily on the development of ated, based on built-in instrumentation and that care and really give a dam. new technologies, but rather emphasized occupant reaction. From this experimenta­ more efficient use of energy in existing build­ tion we will be able to develop guidelines ings. and criteria for use in the design and con­ ATTEMPTS AT ENERGY CONSERVA­ We quickly realized, however, that new structon of future buildings. TION BY THE GENERAL SERVICES technologies needed to be developed and I would like to pause for a moment--to ADMINISTRATION tested, and their energy conservation features quote the President--as he said on Septem­ quantified, if we were to achieve optimum ber 10: "while energy is one of our Nation's energy u t111za tion in existing office buildings most pressing problems, and while the pres­ HON. HOW.l\RD W. ROBISON and those planned for the future. GSA's en­ ervation and effective use of our natural OF NEW YORK ergy conservation policy for public office resources is an imperative policy goal, it is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES buildings is to incorporate features which presently impossible to administer these re­ insure the best possibilities of energy use. To lated objectives in a coordinated way. Our Tuesday, October 23, 1973 do this we have attempted to recognize the abilty to manage our resources and provide trade-offs in terms of energy conservation, for our needs should not be held hostage to Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. work area, costs and the environment in old forms and institutions." I couldn't agree Speaker, the uncertainty of the depth general. more and commend the President for his ini­ of the energy crisis confronting us has For example, in considering the trade-offs tiative to create Governor Love's office and given us all pause to consider our stew­ between energy conservation and the work his proposal for the new Energy Research ardship of the energy we consume. Too area, we must consider the people and the and Development Administration. often we, both individually and collec­ services they provide. For any energy con­ The NBC white paper on the Energy Crisis, tively, talk a good deal about what can, servation system to be viable, it must be aired over two weeks ago, emphasized that or should, be done but without actually compatible with the comfort and safety re­ there were over 40 Federal government agen­ taking positive, concrete steps to ac­ quirements of the occupants. We must an­ cies involved in some way or another with swer many questions such as: How much the energy question. To my way of thinking complish meaningful energy conserva­ light is really required to do specific kinds this indicates that; first, there is a great deal tion. of work? What noise levels can be tolerated of enthusiasm to solve the problem and sec­ For that reason, it is refreshing md before they become distracting? How "good" and that it must become a coordinated effort encouraging to note the initiative which are our current air purification and odor if we are going to effectively manage the is being taken by the General Services control systems? What levels of heat, hu­ solutions to our problems. Governor Love's Administration to conserve energy. The midity, and air movement provide the opti­ office is a great step toward pulling us all efforts of the General Services Admin­ mum level of thermal comfort for the build­ together. GSA hopes that the Manchester istration deserve our support, and it is ing occupants? The answers to these and and Saginaw projects wm help act as a cata­ similar questions can provide the informa­ lyst for the coordination of the technical my hope that the following remarks by tion necessary to balance energy usage effort. Larry Roush, Commissioner of the Pub­ against an adequate work environment. To But the need to conserve energy is real and lic Building Service, will become a pat­ do this we must apply the latest systems for now. Therefore, our greatest efforts are being tern for not only Government, but for measuring these factors in an actual work made toward reduction of energy use in the the private sector as well. The kind of situation where we can correlate the human buildings we presently operate. commitment to energy conservation evi­ response with the environmental conditions. As you all know, President Nixon has es­ To evaluate these and other energy con­ tablished a requirement to reduce the Fed­ denced in these remarks need to be servation related questions, we needed a lab­ eral Government's anticipated energy con­ shared by all AmericaP.3. oratory-a place where we could accurately sumption by 7 percent. In this regard, GSA Mr. Speaker, I intend to do what I measure and compare various energy con­ views its responsiblllty as the overseer of can to bring these energy-saving ideas servation systems and their impact. And, in energy utilization in Federally-occupied to the attention of the larger and in­ June 1972 Mr. Sampson designated the new buildings and of ellminating wasteful prac­ dustrial building operators in my con­ Federal Office Building in Saginaw, Michigan, tices and concepts which developed during gressional district. At the moment, t.he as the GSA Environmental Demonstration the past period of apparent energy abun­ most practical way of doing so would Building. Most of the experimental features dance. of the Saginaw Project are directly related In order to fulfill this re-quirement we seem to be through my area's chamber to environmental concerns. The prime energy established a task force to develop and im­ of commerce, with the hope in mind that conservation feature of the Saginaw Project plement GSA's accelerated energy conserva­ they, in turn, will pass this information is the proposed solar energy collector. tion program. When we considered that our along to where it could do some good. Recognizing the need for additional ex­ annual util1ties cost exceeds $90 million and This is essential because since the sav­ perimental work in energy conservation, the that all resources in our buildings equate to ing of energy ought to be a nationwide, Administrator designated the new Federal over 5 b1llion kilowatt hours. We also had to cooperative effort, the Federal Govern­ Office Bullding in Manchester, New Hamp­ review those current building operating prac­ shire, as the GSA Energy Conservation Build­ tices which result in the consumption of ment-with its responsibility for only ing. substantial quantities of energy, such as 200 cillion square feet of building space For the Manchester Project, we put to­ nighttime cleaning operations, lighting levels out of some 2.5 billion square feet in pri­ gether a design team consisting of the archi­ and the temperature being maintained in vate use--can only lead and encourage tect-engineer, an energy conservation con­ our buildings. others to follow. In conclusion, I now en­ sultant, the National Bureau of Standards It is imperative that you as executives in courage my colleagues to follow my ex­ and GSA. Energy conservation was made a your organizations gear onto what we're ample in this regard. prime design parameter to be considered doing. And, it is important to emphasize that, equally with function, firesafety, ll!e cycle in revising operational procedures, it 1s criti­ The remarks of Commissioner Roush cost and aesthetics. Determinations were cal that the employees at the grass roots level follow: made regarding features, systems, and equip­ be aware of what you're doing and why you're ENERGY CONSERVATION IN BUILDINGS ment which would contribute greatly to­ doing it. This is a voluntary effort and when (By Larry F. Roush) wards reduction in energy requirements be­ dealing with existing bulldings, the occu­ For the people present in this meeting to­ tore developing a concept for t-he building. pants must be educated to energy saving day, the word "conservation" needs no defi­ From the very beginning of the design proc­ actions. nition in ordinary conversation. It is my ess, energy conservation possibilities were Accordingly, to the extent feasible, the following changes in operating practices are contention, however, that as we develop an given major attention. energy conservation policy for public office being initiated in all GSA-operated/owned The final design of the building is expected buildings and GSA's 7,800 leased buildings. buildings, the general understanding of "con­ to make a positive contribution to the urban servation" is not enough. We have recogniZed I think you can do the same things in your that this word means more than just "sav­ surroundings and provide a pleasant interior space: lng," and that energy conservation must be environment for employees and visitors. We We have advanced nighttime force-account a continuing effort to achieve the best bal­ expect the building to operate with at least cleaning operations from the 5 p.m.-1 :30 a.m. ance between the benefits and. costs of energy 20 percent less energy consumption than time frame to 11 a.m.-7:30p.m. dally. use. other comparable existing buildings. We have reduced the amount of lighting October 24, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 34909 required in various space throughout a build­ have been adopted in our Central Office and -And we are conducting a study to devel­ ing without reducing the level at work sta­ Regional Office Building, both in Washing­ op a fully automated building control sys­ tions; ton, with excellent results. tem using computer techniques and sophis­ We have raised (by 4 degrees) the setting As an example of savings that may be ticated equipment to optimize operations, on room thermostats serving office space dur­ realized, 22 percent of the fluorescent light manpower and energy utilization. ing the aircondi tioning season to a range of tubes have been removed from buildings The research and the efforts in existing 76-78 degrees; here in Washington, with an opportunity to buildings will help GSA accomplish the And, we have lowered the setting (4 de­ do more. Assuming we are able to achieve President's conservation goal. They can be grees) on room thermostats serving office similar savings throughout the nation, we far more valuable, however, if we can get space during the heating season to a range will eliminate approximately 1.2 million them out to industry and local government. of 7{}-72 degrees; and tubes and save 164 million kilowatts of elec­ To that end, we have written to all of the In addition we have made appropriate tem­ trical energy each year. nation's governors and the mayors of 20 of perature and lighting changes in other types We believe that with the changes in opera­ our largest cities to urge their cooperation of space to realize similar energy savings. tion, we will be a.ble to reduce our overall in the energy conservation effort. Lessors who provide building services and energy consumption by approximately 20 We think we have a strong start in the utilities have been notified by the regional percent. This equates to over 1 billion kilo­ PBS offices to take appropriate action to watt hours of electricity or 600,000 barrels race to alleviate an energy crisis. But all of reduce the anticipated energy consump­ of oil or 580,000 tons of coal that may be our efforts are really minimal when you tion during the next 9 months by 7 per­ saved per year. But we're not stopping here: consider that we only have the responsibility cent. -We have begun a building profile study for 200 million square feet out of 2.5 billion Federal agencies have been notified that to determine the energy consumption char­ square feet of space. 200 million out of 2.5 the aforementioned practices are being ini­ acteristics of existing buildings as affected billion!! That means that you are very im­ tiated, to the extent feasible, in all GSA­ by their physical features. portant. Have your employees turn off lights, managed buildings in a way which will not -We are conducting an Air Change Rate lower thermostats, etc. I hope we can rely impair the provision of vital services, nor cur­ Study to determine the minimum number on you for this assistance in our effort, and tail the proper functioning of the depart­ of air changes required for acceptable heat­ we will assist you in yours, because it will ments and agencies. In addition, each Fed­ ing and air conditioning of buildings. take the voluntary cooperation of many Fed­ eral agency has been requested to designate -We are conducting a study of lighting a headquarters representative as a point of levels and distribution required for the per­ eral employees if it's going to be a complete contact to assist in realizing these objectives. formance of the various work tasks in Fed­ success. These revised operating practices already eral buildings. Thank you.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, October 24,1973 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. on the Council of the Organization of Amer­ minute and to revise and extend his Charles F. Betts, associate conference ican States; remarks.) council director, North Alabama Con­ H. Con. Res. 275. Concurrent resolution Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, I was providing for the printing of 1,000 additional honored today to have my brother-in­ ference, the United Methodist Church, copies of the hearings before the Subcom­ offered the following prayer: mittee on the Near East of the Committee law, the Reverend Charles F. Betts, from on Foreign Affairs entitled "U.S. Interests In my State of Alabama, give the opening 0 living God, who has made today a and Policy Toward the Persian Gulf"; and prayer on the floor of the U.S. House of time for greatness, be to this House of H. Con. Res. 322. Concurrent resolution to Representatives. Representatives a sign that hope's prom­ reprint and print the corrected Report of the Reverend Betts is from Birmingham, ised hour is now. Commission on the Bankruptcy Laws of the Ala., and received the bachelor of arts May all of us receive this day's alarms United States. degree from the University of Alabama, as a call to choose for the truths we cher­ The message also announced, that the bachelor of divinity degree from Emory ish. Against the winds that push toward Senate receded from its amendment to University, and served for 3 years as di­ war, may we take one step toward last­ the amendment of the House of Rep­ rector of the Wesley Foundation at the ing peace. Surrounded by broken dreams resentatives to the amendment of the University of Alabama. of personal glory, may we act with a He has served as pastor of several stronger trust in common people. Pres­ Senate numbered 5 to the bill