DOCSLIB.ORG

Luc Racaut Phd Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

2,<9/. 36 8936< * ,;8/-<; 70 ,6<3!897</;<,6< 874/53- 36 <2/ 09/6-2 >,9; 70 9/431376 4QA 9?A?QP , <FCOGO ;Q@JGPPCB DLN PFC .CENCC LD 8F. ?P PFC =KGRCNOGPU LD ;P" ,KBNCSO %))) 0QII JCP?B?P? DLN PFGO GPCJ GO ?R?GI?@IC GK 9COC?NAF+;P,KBNCSO*0QII<CTP ?P* FPPM*##NCOC?NAF!NCMLOGPLNU"OP!?KBNCSO"?A"QH# 8IC?OC QOC PFGO GBCKPGDGCN PL AGPC LN IGKH PL PFGO GPCJ* FPPM*##FBI"F?KBIC"KCP#%$$&'#&)(& <FGO GPCJ GO MNLPCAPCB @U LNGEGK?I ALMUNGEFP Hatred in Print: Aspects of Anti-Protestant polemic in the French Wars of Religion. Luc Racaut, B.A., M.Phil. (Sheffield) Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. University of St Andrews 1999. Abstract: 'Aspects of Anti-Protestant polemic during the French Wars of Religion'. The medium of printing has been persistently associated with Protestantism. As a result, a large body of French Catholic anti-Protestant material was to a large extent ignored. In contrast with Germany, there is evidence to suggest that French authors used printing effectively and aggressively to promote the Catholic cause. During the French Wars of Religion, French Catholics were far more innovative than they were given credit for: the German paradigm of a leaden-footed Catholic response to the Reformation was inappropriately applied to France. This is ironic given that it was the Catholic cause which ultimately prevailed. In seeking to explain why France remained a Catholic country, the French Catholic response must be taken into account. Catholic polemical works, and their portrayal of Protestants in print in particular, is the central focus of this work. The first chapter is devoted to a historiographical discussion of the problem of violence in the French Wars of Religion. The next two chapters are concerned with the comparison between Protestantism and medieval heresies, and particularly the recourse in polemic to the topos of the Albigensian Crusade. The next chapter addresses the use of cultural archetypes such as 'the world turned upside down' and the reversal of gender roles to deride the impact of the Reformation. The last two chapters are an attempt to assess the impact of the Catholic polemic on the Protestant culture and identity and on the emerging public opinion. Rather than confront the Reformation on its own terms, the Catholic reaction concentrated on discrediting the Protestant cause in the eyes of the Catholic majority. They had a considerable impact on their readership and on an illiterate audience (through the interaction between written and oral), and on the French Protestants' own self-perception and identity. This thesis aims to contribute to the ongoing debate over the nature of the French Wars of Religion, to explain why they were so violent and why they engaged the loyalties of such a large portion of the population. This study also provides an example of the successful defence of Catholicism developed independently and in advance of Tridentine reform which is of wider significance for the history of the Reformation in Europe. iv `Souvent, le conflit est fonde sur une difference de perception qu'a l'autre de la situation de son adversaire. Votre identite ne se definit pas en opposition a une autre identite. Si vous en étes la, c'est que vous avez bien peu confiance en vous-memes'. John Hume, Peace Nobel Prize winner, addressing the Corsican nationalists gathered at Bastia on 14 February 1999, 'la lecon de pacifisme d'un Prix Nobel irlandais aux nationalistes corses', Le Monde (Tuesday 16 February 1999), p. 1. • • V Table of contents: Declarations ii Abstract iii Dedication iv List of illustrations vi Editorial note vii Acknowledgements List of abbreviations x Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The problem of violence in the French Wars of Religion 11 Chapter 2: Catholic polemic on the eve of the French Wars of Religion 40 Chapter 3: Polemical use of the Albigensian Crusade 76 Chapter 4: The 'battle of the sexes' and the 'world turned upside down' 124 Chapter 5: The impact of Catholic polemic on Protestant culture and identity 168 Chapter 6: Polemic, debate and opinion forming 212 Bibliography 250 vi List of illustrations: C. Ripa, Iconologia (Padua, 1618), P. 244. 142 vii Editorial note: The spelling of sixteenth century French was left untouched except to improve legibility: The use of 's' and T, T and T, 'te and was standardized according to modern spelling. The contractions ` 5:, "e, V and '6' were replaced with 'an', 'en', 'un' and 'on'. In the footnotes, references to sixteenth century books is to the edition that was actually consulted. Where the first edition predates this, this is indicated between parentheses in the body of the text. The name of printers is added to the bibliographical references to sixteenth century books when known. Sometimes the name of the author, printer, the place or date of publication does not figure on the title page and when it was possible to identify this by other means, this is indicated between square brackets. When it was not possible to identify the printer, the place or date of publication, this information is simply omitted. When the author was not identified, the reference is marked with 'an.' for anonymous in the first instance and omitted in later references. viii Acknowledgements: I would like to thank, irrespective of order or preference: Prof. Mark Greengrass, University of Sheffield, for providing the initial impetus for this project and for advising me at key stages of the writing process; Prof Andrew Pettegree for being the best supervisor one could wish for; the scholars and postgraduates who met under the auspices of the European Reformation Research Group in Warwick in August 1995 who provided me with a gentle introduction to the art of delivering papers at conferences; Dr William Naphy, University of Aberdeen, and Dr Andrew Spicer, Stonyhurst College, for their friendship and moral support in difficult times; Dr Peter Maxwell-Stuart for countless meetings over coffee and cake, and for proofing this thesis at very short notice; Dr Paul Nelles for allowing me to use his printer at the last minute to produce this thesis; Dr Findel and Dr Gillian Bepler at the Herzog August Bibliothek (Wolfenbtittel) for allowing me to work in this wonderful library in the summer of 1998 and in January 1999; the scholars and postgraduates, too numerous to be all named here, whom I had the privilege to meet for coffee in the Anna Worverk Haus of the Herzog August Bibliothek, for encouraging me and providing me with inspiration and advice; the Society for the Study of French History for giving me a bursary to attend the Sixteenth Century Studies Conference in Toronto in October 1998; The School of History for providing me with a Scholarship to pursue research at St Andrews; Dr Tom Freeman, Institute of Historical Research, for advice on Foxe's Acts and Monuments; Dr Irena Backus, Institut pour l'Histoire de la Reformation de Geneve, for advice on Genevan Apocalypticism; Prof. Francis Higman, Institut pour l'Histoire de la Reformation de Geneve, for providing me with a bursary to pursue research in Geneva in the summer of 1996; Johnathan Reid, Eric Nelson, Timothy Watson, Phil Conner, and Stuart Foster for sharing insights and enthusiasm for this field; Mme Beauvais, Bibliotheque de la Societe pour l'Histoire du Protestantisme Francais, for introducing me to the rich collection of this library where I spent many productive hours in the summer of 1997; Mme Guilleminot-Chrestien, Bibliotheque Nationale, for giving me a copy of her Ecole des Chartes thesis on the French imprints of 1561; Gerald Chaix, Centre d'Etudes Superieures de la Renaissance de Tours, and Bernard Roussel, Ecole Superieure des Hautes Etudes, for showing interest in my work; Norma Porter and Lorna Harris, at the School of History, for their patience; Fiona Campbell for her ix introduction to the Flugschriften genre (reference and translation) and last minute help with a quote and illustration; Dr. Penny Roberts, University of Warwick, for allowing me to use one of her references and providing me with a transcript; Dr Mark Taplin for his insight and reference to the saying 'die Gelehrten die Verkehrten'; Dr Chris Bradshaw for his advice and reference to Ann Askewe; Prof. Ray Mentzer for his insights and logistical support; all of those I have forgotten here: people I met at conferences and who have provided me with advice and guidance. Finally, I reserve my deepest gratitude to my family and friends, for supporting me in more ways than one and to Elisabeth Picq for her patience and understanding in trying and difficult times. x List of abbreviations: AHR Agricultural History Review BHR Bibliothêque d'Hurnanisme et Renaissance BSIIPF Bulletin de la Societe de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Francais BSHPIF Bulletin de la Societe de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile de France CF Cahiers de Fanjeaux FH French History FHS French Historical Studies FRB Sixteenth Century French Religious Book Project (St Andrews Reformation Studies Institute) JEH Journal of Ecclesiastical History MRTS Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies P&P Past and Present PHS Proceedings of the Huguenot Society RS Renaissance Studies SCH Studies in Church History SCJ Sixteenth Century Journal MR Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance TLL Travaux de Linguistique et de Litteratw-e 1 Introduction. The historiography of the French Wars of Religion is dominated by a curious irony. From the very beginning, discussions of the polemical literature of the wars has been dominated by the Protestant side of the story. Ever since the Protestant national synods of the 1580s, the Reformed Church has frowned on those (like Lancelot du Voisin de la Popeliniere) who did not adhere to the official history of the Reformation.
Recommended publications
  • Thomas E. Wolfe: Valuing the Life and Work of an Appalachian Regionalist Artist Within His Community

    Thomas E. Wolfe: Valuing the Life and Work of an Appalachian Regionalist Artist Within His Community

    THOMAS E. WOLFE: VALUING THE LIFE AND WORK OF AN APPALACHIAN REGIONALIST ARTIST WITHIN HIS COMMUNITY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Susannah L. Van Horn, M.A. Graduate Program in Art Education The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. James Sanders, Advisor Dr. Christine Ballengee Morris Dr. Sydney Walker Copyright by Susannah L. Van Horn, M.A. 2012 Abstract The purpose of my research is to offer insight into the life and work of Thomas E. Wolfe, who exhibits self-determination both as an artist and as an art educator in an Appalachian region of Southeastern Ohio. By presenting Wolfe’s life story, I make connections to the influences of culture, social experiences, regional identity, and family traditions that play to his development as an artist and art educator. My research questions focused on how he perceives himself, how others perceive his presence in the community, how his artwork is valued by his community and how his teaching practices helped develop a greater sense of community. Specifically, I was interested in which historical moments and events in his life that were important to him in recollecting his life story. In my narrative analysis of Wolfe’s life stories collected through oral history from Wolfe and 26 of his friends, family members, former students and community members, I considered selectivity, slippage, silence, intertextuality, and subjectivity to analyze his life story (Casey, 1993; Casey 1995-1996). Thomas Eugene Wolfe began making art as a child and evolved into an accomplished artist.
  • French Antisemitism in the Press from 1894 to 1945

    French Antisemitism in the Press from 1894 to 1945

    Bastions or Brutes: French Antisemitism in the Press from 1894 to 1945 Nathan J. Johnson Texas Tech University 1 Abstract: Modern Era Europe, a time strife with power struggle, nationalistic growth, and scarred people and landscapes. France, a country unsheltered from the era’s terrors, faced a great struggle not unique to the rest of Europe; a country, a political mechanism, and populations of people supporting and accelerating Antisemitic beliefs. The once brave bastions of freedom once again fell into tyranny - a self-tyranny in a sense - where racism and antisemitism ruled their agendas. Beginning with Alfred Dreyfus and his exile and still propagating to this day, the Free French have become less about freedom and more about oppression and purification. At the root of this evil stood several major French publications, pushing a political mechanism. How were these publications controlled, were they under ideological control of the government? Are the journalists of these publications under guise of the propaganda machine or are they free thinking individuals who whole heartedly see the Jewish population to blame for major French downfalls? Are the “freedom fighters”, who are writing in protection of the Jewish population, doing so by way of clear conscious or career incentivization? What personal risks do these journalists take from the burden of speaking their truths? Also, as the period progresses and the 20th century truly takes hold, are the antisemitic beliefs held by the French remnants of the Dreyfus Affair, or are they influenced by current ideas held in Nazi Germany? 2 Introduction: Modern French history is ripe with triumph and exhilaration, but also stress, disruptions, and mistakes.
  • Antoine De Chandieu (1534-1591): One of the Fathers Of

    Antoine De Chandieu (1534-1591): One of the Fathers Of

    CALVIN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY ANTOINE DE CHANDIEU (1534-1591): ONE OF THE FATHERS OF REFORMED SCHOLASTICISM? A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF CALVIN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY THEODORE GERARD VAN RAALTE GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN MAY 2013 CALVIN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 3233 Burton SE • Grand Rapids, Michigan • 49546-4301 800388-6034 fax: 616 957-8621 [email protected] www. calvinseminary. edu. This dissertation entitled ANTOINE DE CHANDIEU (1534-1591): L'UN DES PERES DE LA SCHOLASTIQUE REFORMEE? written by THEODORE GERARD VAN RAALTE and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy has been accepted by the faculty of Calvin Theological Seminary upon the recommendation of the undersigned readers: Richard A. Muller, Ph.D. I Date ~ 4 ,,?tJ/3 Dean of Academic Programs Copyright © 2013 by Theodore G. (Ted) Van Raalte All rights reserved For Christine CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 Introduction: Historiography and Scholastic Method Introduction .............................................................................................................1 State of Research on Chandieu ...............................................................................6 Published Research on Chandieu’s Contemporary
  • Metos, Merik the Vanishing Pope.Pdf

    Metos, Merik the Vanishing Pope.Pdf

    WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY THE VANISHING POPE MERIK HUNTER METOS SPRING 2009 ADVISOR: DR. SPOHNHOLZ DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS Honors Thesis ************************* PASS WITH DISTINCTION JOSI~~ s eLf" \\)J I \%\1 )10 dW JOJ JOS!Ape S!SalH· S\;/ :383110J S~ONOH A.1IS~31\INn 3H.1 0.1 PRECIS Pope Benoit XIII (1328-1423), although an influential advocate for reforms within the Catholic Church in the middle ages, receives little attention from modem historians. Historians rarely offer more than a brief biography and often neglect to mention at all his key role in the Great Schism. Yet, the very absence ofPope Benoit XIU from most historical narratives of medieval history itself highlights the active role that historians play in determining what gets recorded. In some cases, the choices that people make in determining what does, and what does not, get included in historical accounts reveals as much about the motivations and intentions of the people recording that past as it does about their subjects. This essay studies one example of this problem, in this case Europeans during the Reformation era who self-consciously manipulated sources from medieval history to promote their own agendas. We can see this in the sixteenth-century translation ofa treatise written by the medieval theologian Nicholas de Clamanges (1363-1437. Clamanges was a university professor and served as Benoit XIII's secretary during the Great Schism in Avignon, France. The treatise, entitled La Traite de fa Ruine de f'Eglise, was written in Latin in 1398 and was first distributed after Clamanges' death in 1437.
  • Royal Government in Guyenne During the First War of Religion

    Royal Government in Guyenne During the First War of Religion

    ROYAL GOVERNMENT IN GUYENNE DURING THE FIRST WAR OF RELIGION: 1561 - 1563 by DANIEL RICHARD BIRCH B.R.E., Northwest Baptist Theological College, i960 B.A., University of British Columbia, 1963 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March, 1968 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his represen• tatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date March 21, 1968 - ABSTRACT - The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the principal challenges to royal authority and the means by which royal authority was maintained in France during the first War of Religion (1561-1563). The latter half of the sixteenth century was a critical period for the French monarchy. Great noble families attempted to re-establish their feudal power at the expense of the crown. Francis II and Charles IX, kings who were merely boys, succeeded strong monarchs on the throne. The kingdom was im• poverished by foreign wars and overrun by veteran soldiers, ill- absorbed into civil life.
  • Scenario Book 1

    Scenario Book 1

    Here I Stand SCENARIO BOOK 1 SCENARIO BOOK T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S ABOUT THIS BOOK ......................................................... 2 Controlling 2 Powers ........................................................... 6 GETTING STARTED ......................................................... 2 Domination Victory ............................................................. 6 SCENARIOS ....................................................................... 2 PLAY-BY-EMAIL TIPS ...................................................... 6 Setup Guidelines .................................................................. 2 Interruptions to Play ............................................................ 6 1517 Scenario ...................................................................... 3 Response Card Play ............................................................. 7 1532 Scenario ...................................................................... 4 DESIGNER’S NOTES ........................................................ 7 Tournament Scenario ........................................................... 5 EXTENDED EXAMPLE OF PLAY................................... 8 SETTING YOUR OWN TIME LIMIT ............................... 6 THE GAME AS HISTORY................................................. 11 GAMES WITH 3 TO 5 PLAYERS ..................................... 6 CHARACTERS OF THE REFORMATION ...................... 15 Configurations ..................................................................... 6 EVENTS OF THE REFORMATION
  • The Importance of the Catholic School Ethos Or Four Men in a Bateau

    The Importance of the Catholic School Ethos Or Four Men in a Bateau

    THE AMERICAN COVENANT, CATHOLIC ANTHROPOLOGY AND EDUCATING FOR AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL ETHOS OR FOUR MEN IN A BATEAU A dissertation submitted to the Kent State University College of Education, Health, and Human Services in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Ruth Joy August 2018 A dissertation written by Ruth Joy B.S., Kent State University, 1969 M.S., Kent State University, 2001 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2018 Approved by _________________________, Director, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Natasha Levinson _________________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Averil McClelland _________________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Catherine E. Hackney Accepted by _________________________, Director, School of Foundations, Leadership and Kimberly S. Schimmel Administration ........................ _________________________, Dean, College of Education, Health and Human Services James C. Hannon ii JOY, RUTH, Ph.D., August 2018 Cultural Foundations ........................ of Education THE AMERICAN COVENANT, CATHOLIC ANTHROPOLOGY AND EDUCATING FOR AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL ETHOS. OR, FOUR MEN IN A BATEAU (213 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Natasha Levinson, Ph. D. Dozens of academic studies over the course of the past four or five decades have shown empirically that Catholic schools, according to a wide array of standards and measures, are the best schools at producing good American citizens. This dissertation proposes that this is so is partly because the schools are infused with the Catholic ethos (also called the Catholic Imagination or the Analogical Imagination) and its approach to the world in general. A large part of this ethos is based upon Catholic Anthropology, the Church’s teaching about the nature of the human person and his or her relationship to other people, to Society, to the State, and to God.
  • Jeanne D'albret Was the Most Illustrious Woman of Her Time, and Perhaps One of the Most Illustrious Women in All History

    Jeanne D'albret Was the Most Illustrious Woman of Her Time, and Perhaps One of the Most Illustrious Women in All History

    Jeanne D’Albret (1528 – 1572) Jeanne d'Albret was the most illustrious woman of her time, and perhaps one of the most illustrious women in all history. She was the only daughter of Margaret of Valois, Queen of Navarre (and sister of King Francois 1st), whose genius Jeanne inherited, and whom she surpassed in her gifts of governing, and in her more consistent attachment to the Reformation. Her first husband Germany’s Duke of Cleves, to whom she was forced to wed at the age of 12 in 1541, no more consummated the marriage than placing his foot in her bed. Her fine intellect, elevated soul, and deep piety were unequally yoked with Anthony de Bourbon, her second husband in 1549, a man of humane dispositions, but of low tastes, indolent habits, and of paltry character. His marriage with Jeanne d'Albret brought him the title of King of Arragon, whose usurpation was confirmed by Pope Julius II, so King of Navarre; but his wife was a woman of too much sense, and her dominions were restricted to that portion of the ancient Navarre cherished too enlightened a regard for the welfare of her subjects, to which lay on the French side of the Pyrenees. give him more than the title. She took care not to entrust him with the reins of government. "Unstable as water," he spent his life in traveling In 1560, we have said, Jeanne d'Albret made open profession of the between the two camps, the Protestant and the Popish, unable long Protestant faith. In 1563 came her famous edict, dated from her to adhere to either, and heartily despised by both.
  • Historical Calendars, Commemorative Processions and the Recollection of the Wars of Religion During the Ancien Régime

    Historical Calendars, Commemorative Processions and the Recollection of the Wars of Religion During the Ancien Régime

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for the Study of French History. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected] doi:10.1093/fh/crn046, available online at www.fh.oxfordjournals.org Advance Access published on October 8, 2008 DIVIDED MEMORIES? HISTORICAL CALENDARS, COMMEMORATIVE PROCESSIONS AND THE RECOLLECTION OF THE WARS OF RELIGION DURING THE ANCIEN RÉGIME PHILIP BENEDICT * Abstract — In the centuries that followed the Edict of Nantes, a number of texts and rituals preserved partisan historical recollections of episodes from the Wars of Religion. One important Huguenot ‘ site of memory ’ was the historical calendar. The calendars published between 1590 and 1685 displayed a particular concern with the Wars of Religion, recalling events that illustrated Protestant victimization and Catholic sedition. One important Catholic site of memory was the commemorative procession. Ten or more cities staged annual processions throughout the ancien régime thanking God for delivering them from the violent, sacrilegious Huguenots during the civil wars. If, shortly after the Fronde, you happened to purchase at the temple of Charenton a 1652 edition of the Psalms of David published by Pierre Des-Hayes, you also received at the front of the book a twelve-page historical calendar listing 127 noteworthy events that took place on selected days of the year. 1 Seven of the entries in this calendar came from sacred history and told you such dates as when the tablets of the Law were handed down on Mount Sinai (5 June) or when John the Baptist received the ambassador sent from Jerusalem mentioned in John 1.19 (1 January).
  • A.C. Ohmoto-Frederick Dissertation

    A.C. Ohmoto-Frederick Dissertation

    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts GLIMPSING LIMINALITY AND THE POETICS OF FAITH: ETHICS AND THE FANTASTIC SPIRIT A Dissertation in Comparative Literature by Ayumi Clara Ohmoto-Frederick © 2009 Ayumi Clara Ohmoto-Frederick Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2009 v The dissertation of Ayumi Clara Ohmoto-Frederick was reviewed and approved* by the following: Thomas O. Beebee Distinguished Professor of Comparative Literature and German Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Reiko Tachibana Associate Professor of Comparative Literature and Japanese Véronique M. Fóti Professor of Philosophy Monique Yaari Associate Professor of French Caroline D. Eckhardt Professor of Comparative Literature and English Head of the Department of Comparative Literature *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii Abstract This study expands the concept of reframing memory through reconciliation and revision by tracing the genealogy of a liminal supernatural entity (what I term the fantastic spirit and hereafter denote as FS) through works including Ovid’s Narcissus and Echo (AD 8), Dante Alighieri’s Vita Nuova (1292-1300), Yokomitsu Riichi’s Haru wa Basha ni notte (1915), Miyazawa Kenji’s Ginga tetsudo no yoru (1934), and James Joyce’s The Dead (1914). This comparative analysis differentiates, synthesizes, and advances upon conventional conceptions of the fantastic spirit narrative. What emerges is an understanding of how fantastic spirit narratives have developed and how their changes reflect conceptions of identity, alterity, and spirituality. Whether the afterlife is imagined as spatial relocation, transformation of consciousness, transformation of body, or hallucination, the role of the fantastic spirit is delineated by the degree to which it elicits a more profound relationship between the Self and Other.
  • Pius Ix and the Change in Papal Authority in the Nineteenth Century

    Pius Ix and the Change in Papal Authority in the Nineteenth Century

    ABSTRACT ONE MAN’S STRUGGLE: PIUS IX AND THE CHANGE IN PAPAL AUTHORITY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Andrew Paul Dinovo This thesis examines papal authority in the nineteenth century in three sections. The first examines papal issues within the world at large, specifically those that focus on the role of the Church within the political state. The second section concentrates on the authority of Pius IX on the Italian peninsula in the mid-nineteenth century. The third and final section of the thesis focuses on the inevitable loss of the Papal States within the context of the Vatican Council of 1869-1870. Select papal encyclicals from 1859 to 1871 and the official documents of the Vatican Council of 1869-1870 are examined in light of their relevance to the change in the nature of papal authority. Supplementing these changes is a variety of seminal secondary sources from noted papal scholars. Ultimately, this thesis reveals that this change in papal authority became a point of contention within the Church in the twentieth century. ONE MAN’S STRUGGLE: PIUS IX AND THE CHANGE IN PAPAL AUTHORITY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History by Andrew Paul Dinovo Miami University Oxford, OH 2004 Advisor____________________________________________ Dr. Sheldon Anderson Reader_____________________________________________ Dr. Wietse de Boer Reader_____________________________________________ Dr. George Vascik Contents Section I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………….1 Section II: Primary Sources……………………………………………………………….5 Section III: Historiography……...………………………………………………………...8 Section IV: Issues of Church and State: Boniface VIII and Unam Sanctam...…………..13 Section V: The Pope in Italy: Political Papal Encyclicals….……………………………20 Section IV: The Loss of the Papal States: The Vatican Council………………...………41 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..55 ii I.
  • Ambassadors to and from England

    Ambassadors to and from England

    p.1: Prominent Foreigners. p.25: French hostages in England, 1559-1564. p.26: Other Foreigners in England. p.30: Refugees in England. p.33-85: Ambassadors to and from England. Prominent Foreigners. Principal suitors to the Queen: Archduke Charles of Austria: see ‘Emperors, Holy Roman’. France: King Charles IX; Henri, Duke of Anjou; François, Duke of Alençon. Sweden: King Eric XIV. Notable visitors to England: from Bohemia: Baron Waldstein (1600). from Denmark: Duke of Holstein (1560). from France: Duke of Alençon (1579, 1581-1582); Prince of Condé (1580); Duke of Biron (1601); Duke of Nevers (1602). from Germany: Duke Casimir (1579); Count Mompelgart (1592); Duke of Bavaria (1600); Duke of Stettin (1602). from Italy: Giordano Bruno (1583-1585); Orsino, Duke of Bracciano (1601). from Poland: Count Alasco (1583). from Portugal: Don Antonio, former King (1581, Refugee: 1585-1593). from Sweden: John Duke of Finland (1559-1560); Princess Cecilia (1565-1566). Bohemia; Denmark; Emperors, Holy Roman; France; Germans; Italians; Low Countries; Navarre; Papal State; Poland; Portugal; Russia; Savoy; Spain; Sweden; Transylvania; Turkey. Bohemia. Slavata, Baron Michael: 1576 April 26: in England, Philip Sidney’s friend; May 1: to leave. Slavata, Baron William (1572-1652): 1598 Aug 21: arrived in London with Paul Hentzner; Aug 27: at court; Sept 12: left for France. Waldstein, Baron (1581-1623): 1600 June 20: arrived, in London, sightseeing; June 29: met Queen at Greenwich Palace; June 30: his travels; July 16: in London; July 25: left for France. Also quoted: 1599 Aug 16; Beddington. Denmark. King Christian III (1503-1 Jan 1559): 1559 April 6: Queen Dorothy, widow, exchanged condolences with Elizabeth.