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Thomas E. Wolfe: Valuing the Life and Work of an Appalachian Regionalist Artist Within His Community

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Thomas E. Wolfe: Valuing the Life and Work of an Appalachian Regionalist Artist Within His Community THOMAS E. WOLFE: VALUING THE LIFE AND WORK OF AN APPALACHIAN REGIONALIST ARTIST WITHIN HIS COMMUNITY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Susannah L. Van Horn, M.A. Graduate Program in Art Education The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. James Sanders, Advisor Dr. Christine Ballengee Morris Dr. Sydney Walker Copyright by Susannah L. Van Horn, M.A. 2012 Abstract The purpose of my research is to offer insight into the life and work of Thomas E. Wolfe, who exhibits self-determination both as an artist and as an art educator in an Appalachian region of Southeastern Ohio. By presenting Wolfe’s life story, I make connections to the influences of culture, social experiences, regional identity, and family traditions that play to his development as an artist and art educator. My research questions focused on how he perceives himself, how others perceive his presence in the community, how his artwork is valued by his community and how his teaching practices helped develop a greater sense of community. Specifically, I was interested in which historical moments and events in his life that were important to him in recollecting his life story. In my narrative analysis of Wolfe’s life stories collected through oral history from Wolfe and 26 of his friends, family members, former students and community members, I considered selectivity, slippage, silence, intertextuality, and subjectivity to analyze his life story (Casey, 1993; Casey 1995-1996). Thomas Eugene Wolfe began making art as a child and evolved into an accomplished artist. As an art educator he had a prolific teaching career that spanned forty plus years. During this time, Wolfe developed his artistic style as a Regionalist watercolor artist, one whose work reflected a rural Appalachian landscape, architecture, and culture of the Perry County, Ohio community in which he lives and taught. ii The primary objective of this study is to document Wolfe’s life and art depicting the Perry County, Ohio region; and consider how his work might have influenced his community. Wolfe’s background and life stories are explored across both the similarities and differences from other Regionalist artists in order to situate a broader understanding of the many ways in which he, as an Appalachian Regionalist artist interacts with his community. The literature review for this study involved chronicling the historical background of Regionalist artists in America in order to provide an artistic and social context for Wolfe and his work as both a teacher and as an artist. It also included an examination of Wolfe’s life, based on the oral histories I collected from the artist, his family, friends, and community members. This research recognizes that self-determination and community involvement are significant components in creating a personal identity and in helping to construct a community identity. In analyzing the oral histories collected, the value of Wolfe’s artwork and presence within his community emerged. Through his paintings he has captured images of a vanishing local landscape, architecture, and culture that the community deeply appreciates. The community testimonies evidence a valuing of Wolfe’s images and his work to preserve the local history. As a Regionalist artist, and through his teaching practices, he has helped others to come to know and understand the value of art to this community. iii Dedication Dedicated to my grandfather, Thomas E. Wolfe, whose life serves as a lesson to work hard, be persistent, and to also have fun and make friends along the way. To my mother, Beverly Jane Van Horn, who has always been an inspiration to attain great things and who has been supportive and loving through it all. Finally, to my husband, Dr. Jon Michael Frey, for inspiring and motivating me to finish, and my sons, Timothy and Theodore, whose little hands were always reaching under the office door to say, “Hi mommy!” They kept me focused on what was important. iv Acknowledgments Though only my name appears on the cover of this dissertation, a great many people have contributed to its production. My deepest gratitude is to my mother, who painstakingly transcribed all of the fifty plus oral histories collected during the course of my research. Without her transcribed files of the audio recordings, I never would have finished my dissertation. She also provided financial and emotional support, but more importantly, several weeks of her life were dedicated to watching my twin sons so that I could have time to write. In addition, Julia Lathin provided much needed assistance. I am grateful for my advisor, Dr. James Sanders. I have been amazingly fortunate to have an advisor who gave me the freedom to explore and research on my own and at the same time provided the guidance necessary to focus my study. Additionally, my dissertation committee members, Dr. Christine Ballengee Morris and Dr. Sydney Walker, were essential to the overall success of my dissertation. Also at The Ohio State University, I would like to show my appreciation to Sally Muster and Harry Campbell who provided advice and the facilities for me to properly clean and preserve artwork my grandfather created while in high school. Finally, I am extremely appreciative of the participants in this study, namely my grandfather, Thomas E. Wolfe, and the 26 other individuals who volunteered their time and recounted stories to help me develop a fuller understanding of my grandfather’s life, work, and influence on the Perry County community. v Vita February 17, 1973 ..........................................Born – Zanesville, Ohio. June 1991 .......................................................New Lexington High School 1994................................................................B.A.E. Art Education, The Ohio State University 1995-1996 ......................................................Art Educator, Harpeth High School (Kingston Springs, TN) 1997................................................................M.A. Art Education, The Ohio State University 2000-2003 ......................................................Art Educator, Chinese American International School (San Francisco, CA) 2003 to present ..............................................Graduate Student, Art Education, The Ohio State University 2006 to present ...............................................Visiting Instructor, College of Art, Art History and Design and College of Education, Michigan State University Fields of Study Major Field: Art Education vi Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Vita ..................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Why Study an Appalachian Regionalist Artist? ..........................................1 Background on Author .................................................................................2 Background on Artist ...................................................................................9 Statement of Purpose .................................................................................13 Significance of the Study ...........................................................................18 Guiding Questions .....................................................................................22 Overview of Research Design ...................................................................23 Selectivity, Slippage, Silence, Intertextuality and Subjectivity .................24 Conclusion: Overview of Chapters ............................................................29 Chapter 2: Research Context .............................................................................................31 Setting the Stage for Regionalism .............................................................32 vii Regionalism ..............................................................................................48 Downfall of Regionalism ..........................................................................54 Second Generation Regionalist Artist, Thomas E. Wolfe ........................61 Appalachian Stereotypes ...........................................................................63 Regional Identity .......................................................................................67 Freedom and Self-Determination ..............................................................72 Chapter 3: Research Methodology ....................................................................................84 Qualitative Research Background .............................................................84 Qualitative Research Overview ................................................................85
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