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Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning Edited by Jorge Rocha and José António Tenedório Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning New powerful technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS), have been evolving and are quickly becoming part of a worldwide emergent digital infrastructure. Spatial analysis is becoming more important than ever because enormous volumes of Spatial Analysis, spatial data are available from different sources, such as social media and mobile phones. When locational information is provided, spatial analysis researchers can use it to calculate statistical and mathematical relationships through time and space. Modelling and Planning This book aims to demonstrate how computer methods of spatial analysis and modeling, integrated in a GIS environment, can be used to better understand reality and give rise to more informed and, thus, improved planning. It provides a comprehensive discussion of Edited by Jorge Rocha and José António Tenedório spatial analysis, methods, and approaches related to planning. ISBN 978-1-78984-239-5 Published in London, UK © 2018 IntechOpen © eugenesergeev / iStock SPATIAL ANALYSIS, MODELLING AND PLANNING Edited by Jorge Rocha and José António Tenedório SPATIAL ANALYSIS, MODELLING AND PLANNING Edited by Jorge Rocha and José António Tenedório Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74452 Edited by Jorge Rocha and José António Tenedório Contributors Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Adélia Sousa, Lenwood Hall, Ronald Anderson, Khalid Al-Ahmadi, Andreas Rienow, Frank Thonfeld, Nora Schneevoigt, Diego Montenegro, Ana Da Cunha, Ingrid Machado, Lili Duraes, Stefan Vilges De Oliveira, Marcel Pedroso, Gilberto Gazêta, Reginaldo Brazil, Brooks C Pearson, Brian Ways, Valentina Svalova, Andreas Koch, Hélder Lopes, Paula Remoaldo, Vítor Ribeiro, Toshiaki Ichinose, Norman Schofield, Fred Bidandi, John James Williams, Jorge Rocha, José António Tenedório © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2018 The rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECHOPEN LIMITED. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without INTECHOPEN LIMITED’s written permission. Enquiries concerning the use of the book should be directed to INTECHOPEN LIMITED rights and permissions department ([email protected]). Violations are liable to prosecution under the governing Copyright Law. Individual chapters of this publication are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License which permits commercial use, distribution and reproduction of the individual chapters, provided the original author(s) and source publication are appropriately acknowledged. If so indicated, certain images may not be included under the Creative Commons license. In such cases users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. More details and guidelines concerning content reuse and adaptation can be found at http://www.intechopen.com/copyright-policy.html. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. First published in London, United Kingdom, 2018 by IntechOpen IntechOpen is the global imprint of INTECHOPEN LIMITED, registered in England and Wales, registration number: 11086078, The Shard, 25th floor, 32 London Bridge Street London, SE19SG – United Kingdom Printed in Croatia British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning, Edited by Jorge Rocha and José António Tenedório p. cm. Print ISBN 978-1-78984-239-5 Online ISBN 978-1-78984-240-1 Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74452 We are IntechOpen, Edited by Jorge Rocha and José António Tenedório Contributors Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Adélia Sousa, Lenwood Hall, Ronald Anderson, Khalid Al-Ahmadi, Andreas Rienow, Frank the world’s leading publisher of Thonfeld, Nora Schneevoigt, Diego Montenegro, Ana Da Cunha, Ingrid Machado, Lili Duraes, Stefan Vilges De Oliveira, Marcel Pedroso, Gilberto Gazêta, Reginaldo Brazil, Brooks C Pearson, Brian Ways, Valentina Svalova, Andreas Koch, Hélder Lopes, Paula Remoaldo, Vítor Ribeiro, Toshiaki Ichinose, Norman Schofield, Fred Bidandi, John James Williams, Jorge Rocha, José António Tenedório Open Access books © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2018 The rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECHOPEN LIMITED. The book as a whole (compilation) Built by scientists, for scientists cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without INTECHOPEN LIMITED’s written permission. Enquiries concerning the use of the book should be directed to INTECHOPEN LIMITED rights and permissions department ([email protected]). Violations are liable to prosecution under the governing Copyright Law. Individual chapters of this publication are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 3,900+ 116,000+ 120M+ Unported License which permits commercial use, distribution and reproduction of the individual chapters, provided Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads the original author(s) and source publication are appropriately acknowledged. If so indicated, certain images may not be included under the Creative Commons license. In such cases users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. More details and guidelines concerning content reuse and adaptation can be found at http://www.intechopen.com/copyright-policy.html. Notice Our authors are among the Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the 151 Top 1% 12.2% use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities First published in London, United Kingdom, 2018 by IntechOpen IntechOpen is the global imprint of INTECHOPEN LIMITED, registered in England and Wales, registration number: 11086078, The Shard, 25th floor, 32 London Bridge Street London, SE19SG – United Kingdom Printed in Croatia British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning, Edited by Jorge Rocha and José António Tenedório p. cm. Print ISBN 978-1-78984-239-5 Online ISBN 978-1-78984-240-1 Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Meet the editors Jorge Rocha is a geographer and was born in Lisbon in 1970. He has an MSc in Geographic Information Sys- tems (2003) and in Spatial Planning (2013) and a PhD in Geographic Information Science (2012). He is currently an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning and a member of the Modelling, Urban and Regional Planning, and Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment and Management research groups at the Centre of Geo- graphical Studies, all at the University of Lisbon. His fields of expertise are Geosimulation and Geocomputation involving Artificial Neural Networks, Graphs Theory, Cellular Automata, and Multi-agent Systems. Jorge’s works are quite diverse, focusing mainly on, but not exclusively, in Urban Morphology, Remote Sensing, Epidemiology, Health Geography, Smart Cities and Big Data (Geomarketing and Tourism). José António Tenedório is a geographer and an associate professor at the Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, NOVA FCSH, Lisbon, Portugal. He is also a Visiting Professor at Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona Tech, Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB), Spain. He graduated with a degree in Geography and Regional Planning. He attended the Sorbonne University, Faculty of Sciences (UPMC), where he undertook postgraduate studies (DESS) in Remote Sensing. At the University of Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), he obtained his PhD in Urbanism. His main scientific areas of research are Urban Remote Sensing, Spatial Analysis, and Geographical Modeling. He has published more than one hundred papers (book chapters, papers in pe- riodicals with scientific refereeing, and papers in conference proceedings with scientific refereeing). He was won the first prize in the SANTANDER Award for the Internationalization of the NOVA FCSH Scientific Produc- tion (2013
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