MARCH 16, 2020 MEMBERS STUDY & UNITED STATES CAPITAL

GOVERNMENT & ECONOMICS SERIES | PART 11 BIBLE STUDY SPONSORS CABINET MEMBERS Mike Pence, VP: DC Mike Pompeo, SOS: DC Wilberforce on Mark Meadows, COS: DC Alex M. Azar II, HHS: DC Jim Bridenstine, NASA: DC Perseverance in Office Ben Carson, HUD: DC Betsy DeVos, DOE: DC Sonny Perdue, USDA: DC Alex Acosta, Fmr Sec DOL: DC Rick Perry, Fmr Sec DOE: DC Tom Price, Fmr Sec HHS: DC Jeff Sessions, Fmr AOG:DC INSIDE SENATORS Marsha Blackburn: TN MINISTRY UPDATE Bill Cassidy: LA Kevin Cramer: ND Pastor Reaps Violence Steven Daines: MT Joni Ernst: IA for Preaching Cindy Hyde-Smith: MS James Lankford: OK the Word ...... 2 David Perdue: GA Mike Rounds: SD Tim Scott: SC VERSE OF THE WEEK John Thune:SD Colossians 3:16...... 3 REPRESENTATIVES Robert Aderholt: AL Rick Allen: GA Don Bacon: NE ABOUT Michael Bost: IL Ted Budd: NC Capitol Ministries®...... 8 John Carter: TX Michael Conaway: TX Rick Crawford: AR Ron Estes: KA Bill Flores: TX Greg Gianforte: MT Louie Gohmert: TX Tom Graves: GA HIS SERIES HAS EXAMINED WHAT THE Glenn Grothman: WI Kevin Hern: OK Bible has to say about government and economics— George Holding: NC both the “whats” and the “whys.” But also important Bill Huizenga: MI Tis the concept of “how.” Simply put, biblically informed Bill Johnson: OH Dusty Johnson: SD policy is accomplished only through persistence and Jim Jordan: OH perseverance. The story of British Parliamentarian William Doug Lamborn: CO Kevin McCarthy: CA Wilberforce is a great example! His perseverance in office Gary Palmer: AL forever changed slavery laws in Britain; his indefatigable Bill Posey: FL Cathy McMorris Rodgers: WA determination proves exemplary for all officeholders. David Rouzer: NC Here personified is what it takes to reform most any John Rutherford: FL Glenn Thompson:PA governmental policy in a democracy, the kind of character Scott Tipton: CO it takes to pass a balanced budget amendment to the Tim Walberg: MI Constitution in America. Mark Walker: NC Jackie Walorski: IN Randy Weber: TX On July 26, 1833, Great Britain’s House of Commons voted Daniel Webster: FL Bruce Westerman: AR to end the practice of African slave trading throughout its Roger Williams: TX Joe Wilson: SC Continued next page Rob Wittman: VA Steve Womack: AR Rob Woodall: GA Ted Yoho: FL PUBLISHED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Weekly Bible Studies CABINET: 7:00am Wednesdays, location undisclosed, refreshments served. The views expressed in each Bible study are those of the author, and do not SENATE: 8:00am Tuesdays, rotating offices, hot breakfast served. necessarily reflect the position of any KNOW YOUR BIBLE. HOUSE: 7:45am Thursdays, The Capitol Hill Club, hot breakfast served. individual Bible Study Sponsor. Wilberforce on Perseverance in Office

 MINISTRY UPDATE empire. This historic legislative feat can be attributed to the perseverance of . Pastor Reaps Violence for The spiritual mentor behind Wilberforce was . “A wretched man” in his own words, Newton was a slave trader who was dramatically saved by the powerful Preaching the Word message of the gospel of Christ. It is no wonder he is the author of the hymn “Amazing Grace,” which includes the lamenting admission, “that saved a wretch like me.” After his conversion, Newton became a pastor who had a profound personal impact on William Wilberforce: not a lobbying kind of impact, but a spiritual one that led to a political impact that changed a nation.

Newton and other ministers within the church were responsible for helping Wilberforce develop convictions born from Scripture. Their discipleship efforts led Wilberforce to become a man driven by theology and doctrine. He was a lover of God and the Bible. After he became a Christian, he decided to spend legislative recesses studying the Bible. It was common for him to spend ten hours per day studying and Some CapMin ministry leaders memorizing Scripture. This righteous conviction rooted in biblical doctrine is what recently divulged persecution sustained and directed Wilberforce during his decades-long battle against slavery. in their nations that are openly hostile to Christianity and their willingness to create Bible study Those are the kind of persevering legislators America needs ministries to leaders regardless of the today in order to wean our nation from its enslavement to debt. consequences that will bring. A pastor whose church is William Wilberforce would be a forgotten figure in history had it not been for the discipling 10,000 new converts every disciple-maker John Newton. Newton remained singularly focused on his calling, year in a Christian-minority and which was making disciples of Jesus Christ by the Word of God. He was perhaps Christian-hostile nation talked about just as responsible for ending the slave trade in Britain as was Wilberforce, yet he open harassment, discriminating never engaged directly in politics. The church made Wilberforce who he was, not by laws, intimidation, oppression, and morphing itself into a lobbying mechanism, but through the ministry of the Word in bullying that included violence. the lives of members of parliament. The pastor said he had been physically attacked a dozen times. What follows is my best attempt at helping you to get to know Wilberforce—and Once he was beaten by a gang of hopefully become like him in many ways. This is the kind of guy it will take today to men. While one pressed his foot bring about a balanced budget amendment to the American Constitution! on the pastor’s neck, the others surrounding him drew their swords. Read on, my friend. Each time, God miraculously saved him. The pastor said he has been working for years to reach political Ralph Drollinger leaders for Christ in his nation. He said he now will join with Capitol Ministries to continue that mission with CapMin’s biblical methods, even though recent laws make it illegal for Christians to approach I. INTRODUCTION sides of the slavery issue were firing theo- non-believers with the Gospel. logical volleys back and forth at one an- “My grandfather was a militant One of the darkest chapters in Ameri- other in an attempt either: (1) to decry Islamist and someone reached him can history is nineteenth-century Afri- the enslavement of one human being by can slavery. During America’s Civil War another or (2) to justify slavery by align- 1 Continued next page (1861–1865), Bible scholars on both ing it with slavery in the Bible. [ 2 ] MEMBERS BIBLE STUDY & UNITED STATES CAPITAL

Commenting on this theological war- Jesus Christ that steered his political ca- ♥ VERSE OF THE WEEK fare, one historian writes, “Abolitionists reer, informed his convictions, and gave argued vehemently that, based on the Bi- him the motivation to persevere against Colossians 3:16 ble, the spirit of Christianity forbids the incredible odds as a monumental reform- enslavement of one race by another. Slav- er—someone who turned the course of a 7 “Let the word of Christ ery’s defenders in the South argued just nation. The following survey of Wilber- richly dwell within you.” as vehemently that the Bible itself did not force’s life will bear this out. In Wilber- condemn slavery but took it for granted.”2 force’s own words:

While it is not the purpose of this study “The diligent perusal of the Holy Scrip- to reconstruct and analyze the theologi- tures would discover to us our past igno- cal arguments surrounding this human rance. We should cease to be deceived by atrocity, it is the firm conviction of this superficial appearances, and to confound writer that nineteenth-century African the Gospel of Christ with the systems slavery in America was in no way biblical- of philosophers; we should become im- ly justified.3 Nor was it justified in Great pressed with that weighty truth, so much Britain. Let’s examine the primary figure forgotten, and never to be too strongly behind the abolition of African slavery in insisted on, that Christianity calls on us, Great Britain two hundred years ago, the as we value our immortal souls, not mere- politician William Wilberforce.4 And ly in general, to be religious and moral, important to this study on Government but specially to believe the doctrines, and It was the Word of God that and Economics: imbibe the principles, and practice the dwelt richly in Wilberforce, precepts of Christ.”8 a vibrant and growing faith How did Wilberforce in the Lord Jesus Christ that persevere in his decadal Yet another way to answer what moti- steered his political career, quest that changed the vated him was his involvement in Bible informed his convictions course of a nation? study with other believers in parliament, and gave him the motivation one that was led by a skilled Bible teacher to persevere against 5 Contemporary religious right activists named Newton. It saddens my heart that incredible odds. often cite this man as the par excellence so many believers in office in America to- example of Christian political activism.6 day do not get this! How unfortunate it His ultimately successful twenty-year is to see believers leave office each cycle fight in British Parliament to end slavery in discouragement—unfortunately many is looked upon as a jewel in the crown of of them never connected to a Bible study moralistic campaigning. While it can- while on the Hill. not be denied that Wilberforce fought a persevering, meritorious fight prevail- II. WHO WAS WILLIAM ing against the odds, and that he helped WILBERFORCE?9 eradicate a vile cancer from his part of Continued from previous page the world, what sustained him as he William Wilberforce was born in 1759 in with the Gospel,” the pastor said. fought the good fight for so long? Was Hull, . He was a contemporary of We are withholding that pastor’s he motivated by the simple desire to take some of England’s greatest preachers, in- name and nation to protect his back the culture? Or was there some- cluding John Newton, , and identity. 10 thing deeper that put the fire in his bones, George Whitefield. God used unusual Capitol Ministries has a long- that compelled him forward, to fight for circumstances in the life of young Wil- term objective to establish 200 what was biblically correct? As the fol- berforce to bring him into the company ministries in 200 nations in the years lowing pages will show, it was the Word of evangelicals and one of these great to come. View the continental maps of God that dwelt richly in Wilberforce, men of God—John Newton.11 Writes on our website capmin.org to chart a vibrant and growing faith in the Lord Wilberforce biographer John Pollock: progress. [ 3 ] For past studies or additional copies go to capmin.org Wilberforce on Perseverance in Office

Thomas Jefferson “When William was turning could hardly fail to be impressed nine, his father died at the age by this jolly, affectionate ex-sea of forty. Abel Smith became captain and slaver, who as a head of the business; the firm youth had been flogged in the changed its name to Wilber- Royal Navy for desertion and force and Smith, and William’s later suffered as the virtual slave life changed too. Not merely be- of a white man’s native mistress cause he would be independent in West Africa. Wilberforce lis- and quite rich when he came of tened enthralled to his sermons age, but because he was sent, a and his stories, even ‘reverenc- year after his father’s death, to ing him as a parent when I was live with his childless uncle and a child.’”15 aunt, William and Hannah Wil- berforce, at their Wimbledon Seeds of faith may have been planted villa in the Surrey countryside in young Wilberforce’s life, yet the real and their London house in St. fruit of true salvation was still years away. “These considerations, and James’s Place. They put him to Wilberforce, Piper notes, “had admired others such as these, may enable boarding school at Putney.”12 George Whitefield, John Wesley, and us in some measure to surmount John Newton as a child. But soon he the difficulties thrown in our As it turns out, “These relatives were de- left all the influence of the evangelicals way; to bear up with a tolerable spised evangelicals, friends of the preach- behind.”16As noted previously, Wilber- degree of patience under this er George Whitefield, a leader in the force’s “mother was more high church burden of life; and to proceed first Great Awakening, and John New- and was concerned her son was ‘turning with a pious and unshaken ton, best known today as the author of Methodist.’ So she took him out of the resignation, till we arrive at our ‘Amazing Grace.’ Newton, an old seadog, boarding school where they had sent him journey’s end, when we may ex-naval deserter, ex-lecher, and ex-slave- and put him in another.”17 “In the holi- deliver up our trust into the trader who had been converted slowly in days the Wilberforce family began to hands of him who gave it, and and after a storm at sea, fascinated the scrub William’s soul clear of Wimbledon receive such reward as to him boy with his yarns. And Newton showed and Clapham which was a slow process: shall seem proportioned to our little William ‘how sweet the name of he [William] wrote manfully to his uncle merit.” Jesus sounds’ until his mother, horrified [who he was pulled away from] of endur- that he was turning ‘Methodist,’ took ance under persecution [from his fami- — Thomas Jefferson, third president of the him away.” 13 ly], and of increasing ‘in the knowledge United States; signer of the Declaration of Independence; diplomat; governor of of God and Christ Jesus whom he sent, Virginia; secretary of state. An article by Steven Gertz on Wilber- whom to know is life eternal.’”18 force’s relationship with Newton states, Thomas Jefferson, Letter to John Page, July “As a boy of eight years [or nine], he’d In Wilberforce’s life, the intervening 15, 1763. [Wilberforce] sat at the feet of the fas- time between his childhood exposure to cinating sea-captain [Newton], drinking Newton and his later conversion via Isaac in his colorful stories, jokes, songs—and Milner’s ministry was one of spiritual perhaps most importantly, lessons of deadness. Says one writer about Wilber- faith.” 14 Later in life: force’s college years, he “lost any interest in biblical religion and loved circulating “William remembered a younger among the social elite.”19 So far had he Evangelical, John Newton, the drifted, “Newton said sadly that nothing parson of Olney in Bucking- seemed left of his [Wilberforce’s] faith hamshire who often preached except a more moral outlook than was in London and was soon to be usual among men of fashion.”20 Being famous as a hymn-writer. A boy moral apart from regeneration was no

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more salvific back then than it is now— traordinary natural and acquired George Washington or ever will be! powers.’”22

III. COMING TO FAITH Wilberforce had come to salvation in IN JESUS CHRIST Jesus Christ at age twenty-five,23a few years before a life-changing meeting with In the spiritual vacuum of his heart, Wil- Newton. According to one biographical berforce made room for the popular reli- sketch of Wilberforce’s life, after he won gion of his day. his election to parliament in 1784, he “agreed to take a tour of the continent. ... “In London, he [Wilberforce] When he happened to run into his old had a sitting at the Essex Street schoolmaster from Hull, Isaac Milner, chapel founded by Theopilius Wilberforce impulsively invited him to Lindsey, the ‘father’ of modern join the traveling party. That invitation Unitarianism, one of the few was to change Wilberforce’s life.”24 clergy of the Church of En- gland who had shown courage “By the time Milner deposited him on 22 and principle enough to resign February 1785 at Number 10 Downing their livings on abandoning, like Street, Wilberforce had reached intellec- so many, a belief in the divini- tual assent to the Biblical view of man, ty of Jesus Christ. Lindsey still God and Christ. He thrust it to the back preached the Christian ethic and of his mind and resumed his social and read the Church services, and his political life.”25 In the summer of that chapel attracted several eminent year, “slowly intellectual assent became men: Wilberforce rated him profound conviction.”26 But, still not a London’s only fervent preacher, Christian by his own summation, it was Washington crossing the Delaware, since the Evangelical or ‘method- not until “the third week of October by Emanuel Leutze istical’ preachers he had enjoyed 1785 the ‘great change,’ as he afterwards with the uncle and aunt were termed it, had driven Wilberforce to rise now outside his pale.”21 early each morning to pray.”27 The story “Every good citizen will then goes that Milner spoke of his Christian meet events with that firmness But Wilberforce would eventually be faith to Wilberforce, and that the latter and perseverance which saved from this anti-biblical notion of “initially treated the subject flippantly, naturally accompany the Jesus Christ. but eventually agreed to read the Scrip- consciousness of a good cause.” tures daily.”28 “Wilberforce’s subsequent ac- — George Washington, first president of the United States; commander-in-chief counts of his long drawn out IV. WILBERFORCE’S of the Continental Army; member of the Conversion or perhaps Re-ded- CRISIS OF FAITH Continental Congress; president of the ication to the Christ of his boy- Constitutional Convention, ‘Father of hood faith are somewhat con- Faced with tremendous difficulty, “feel- His Country’; judge. 29 tradictory but he gives a prime ing weary and confused” over how to George Washington, Address to the Citizens share to his reading Doddridge’s reconcile his political career with his new of Richmond, Va., August 17, 1793. book with Milner. They possibly life in Christ, Wilberforce “turned to his looked up relevant passages in boyhood hero, John Newton, now sixty the Bible, for Wilberforce says years old and Rector of St. Mary Wool- he adopted his religious princi- noth in the City.”30 Says Gertz of Wilber- ples from the ‘perusal of the Holy force’s 1785 meeting with Newton: Scriptures and... the instruction I derived from a friend of very ex- “Now, in a moment of spiritual crisis, [ 5 ] For past studies or additional copies go to capmin.org Wilberforce on Perseverance in Office

William Samuel Johnson wondering whether his reborn faith in stricter judgment.” It seems that Wilber- God required him to leave politics, Wil- force had similar sentiments about an- berforce knew who could help him most. swering to the Lord Jesus Christ one day ... He mustered his courage and strode to for his political endeavors as a “minister the front door to call on his old friend.”31 of God … for good” (Romans 13:4). It is noteworthy that when it came to his political career, Wilberforce sought It was not his district counsel from none other than a minis- constituents who informed ter of the Word of God. Newton advised his legislative decisions; it Wilberforce to stay in office and pursue was God’s holy precepts Christ as well. —he deemed preeminent and more important that What can we learn from one day he would give an Newton and Wilberforce account to his Creator for pertaining to the differing his deeds, not voters. “[G]o forth into the world firmly roles of church and state? resolved neither to be allured by It was also only a few years after his con- its vanities nor contaminated by Newton and Wilberforce serve to mag- version that Wilberforce’s heart slowly its vices, but to run with patience nificently model and personify a clear, became set on abolishing the slave trade. and perseverance, with firmness biblically correct understanding of the Much could be said from a historical and [cheerfulness], the glorious relationship between the institution of perspective about the providential work- career of religion, honor, and the church and the institution of the ings of God through specific people and virtue.” state. God appointed Wilberforce to lead circumstances that brought the issue to in His institution of the state, whereas a rolling boil in Wilberforce’s heart, but — William Samuel Johnson, signer of God appointed Newton to lead in His suffice to say that God raised up the right the Constitution; member of the Continental Congress; judge; framer of institution of the church. The latter is person, at the right time, for the right task. the Bill of Rights; president of Columbia called to make disciples; the former is College; U.S. senator. called to moralize the unregenerate. It VI. CONCLUSION is ineffective for leaders in the church to E. Edwards Beardsley, Life and Times of assume the work of God’s leaders in the Wilberforce serves as a pivotal evangeli- William Samuel Johnson (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886), pp. 141-145. state—especially at the expense of shelv- cal public servant role model. His story is ing their call of making disciples of the an exemplar for every present and future state’s leaders. public servant. States biographer Gertz, who wrote about the life of Newton in V. THE LIFE OF A “Pastor to the Nation”: SAVED POLITICIAN “In 1786, Newton wrote of Wil- Wilberforce’s reliance and accountability berforce, ‘I hope the Lord will to biblical precepts underlie the tremen- make him a blessing both as a dous things he did as a legislator—name- Christian and a statesman. How ly, fighting a twenty-year battle to abolish seldom do these characters co- the African slave trade. It is unfortunate incide! But they are not incom- that the latter fact about Wilberforce is patible.’ To Newton’s credit as a often trumpeted without a proper and spiritual counselor and friend, necessary emphasis on the former. Like few politicians have ever done a faithful pastor-teacher is continually so much as Wilberforce for the mindful of James 3:1, “Let not many cause of Christ or the church.”32 of you become teachers, my brethren, knowing that as such we will incur a In many ways, William Wilberforce is [ 6 ] MEMBERS BIBLE STUDY & UNITED STATES CAPITAL a biblical role model of a most effective haps most telling of the primacy of his Christian public servant! salvation over his entire life is the follow- ing statement by Pollack: Once saved and sure that he should stay in politics, “For Wilberforce wanted to sub- Wilberforce “worked ject not merely his appetites but hard to strengthen not his politics to Christ: ‘A man who only mental but spiritual acts from the principle I profess,’ stamina.”33 In the process, he told a constituent three years “the Bible became his best after the conversion, ‘reflects that loved book and he learned he is to give an account of his po- stretches by heart.”34 litical conduct at the Judgment seat of Christ.’”35 Such will be the case I believe in the fight for a balanced budget amendment in I pray the same for each of you. Will you America. Will the believing legislators be a public servant who finds favor at the possess the spiritual stamina necessary judgment seat of Christ? for the fight ahead? Wilberforce found continual, decadal strength by letting Next week in part 12, the conclusion of the Word of Christ dwell richly in him our series on Government and Economics, (Colossians 3:16). Bible study was a dis- we look at why believers should be in- OA KS cipline necessary for the long battle. Per- volved in politics beyond evangelism. cm IN OFFICE BIBLICAL ESSAYS FOR POLITICAL LEADERS

Oaks in Office; Biblical Essays for Political Leaders will help mold your character as a Christian public servant. These 52 Bible studies are 1. For more on this topic see: H. Shelton Smith, Robert T. Handy, and Lefferts A. Loetscher,American Chris- selected specifically for discipleship tianity: An Historical Interpretation with Representative Documents, Vol. 2, 1820–1960 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1963), 167–212. to deeply root you in God’s Word, 2. George M. Marsden, Religion and American Culture, 2nd ed. (Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt College Publish- help you to stand strong in the ers, 2001), 74. face of adversity, and be bold and 3. As my preamble to this study concludes, that which germinated the overturn of slavery in America was not political activism, Abraham Lincoln, or the Civil War. It was the winning out of correct Bible interpretation, unwavering in The Faith as you grow and that correct theology influenced the state. By way of application, that is why Bible study amongst public in Christlikeness. This beautiful servants is so astronomically important — because politics and policy, wars and actions, stem from the beliefs people hold close in their hearts. Actions are reflective, whereas beliefs are causal. four-volume set is available for 4. To get a sense of the political courage necessary to lead this charge, consider the following: “Britain two hun- purchase at capmin.org. dred years ago was the world’s leading slave-trading nation; uprooting the vile practice threatened the annual trade of hundreds of ships, thousands of sailors, and hundreds of millions of pounds sterling.” (John Pollock, With each purchase, you may “A Man Who Changed His Times,” in Character Counts: Leadership Qualities in Washington, Wilberforce, Lincoln, and Solzhenitsyn, ed. by Os Guinness [Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1999], 81.) download the book’s 52 chapters 5. It is generally accepted that the goal of the religious right political movement in America is to increase societal for free in PDF form so you may morality. The method employed by this movement to reach this goal is political in nature, i.e. the passage and enforcement of laws that promote morality. use them with your own Bible study 6. One of many examples is The Wilberforce Forum, which is a subsidiary of Prison Fellowship. The Annual group. Study and leader questions Wilberforce Forum Award “recognizes an individual who has made a difference in the face of formidable are offered at the end of each chapter. societal problems and injustices.” http://www.wilberforce.org/contentindex.asp?ID=188. 7. Dear reader, this same God-given wisdom is available to every Christian legislator today who believes in Jesus Christ and submits himself/herself to the Word of God. 8. William Wilberforce, A Practical View of Christianity, ed. Kevin Charles Belmonte, with an introduction by Charles Colson (Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 1996), 5–6. 9. Respected author and Bible teacher John Piper wisely suggests, “To understand and appreciate the life and labor of William Wilberforce, one of the wisest things to do is to read his own book, A Practical View of Chris-

[ 7 ] For past studies or additional copies go to capmin.org Wilberforce on Perseverance in Office

MINISTRIES , first, and then read biographies” (John Piper, tianity The Roots of Endurance: ESTABLISHED Invincible Perseverance in the Lives of John Newton, Charles Simeon, and & BUILDING Download our William Wilberforce (Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books, 2002), 117). Let the free app reader also read Piper’s book, The Roots of Endurance, for a cogent synthesis UNITED STATES on the vibrant faith in Christ that fuelled Wilberforce’s political efforts. The Albany, New York at the App Store politician who is willing to study the life of William Wilberforce through his Annapolis, Maryland writings and those writings about him will be richer for the experience. Atlanta, Georgia Austin, Texas 10. Though Wilberforce was personally encouraged by both Wesley and New- Boise, Idaho ton, he “almost certainly he never heard Whitefield, who in the early autumn Boston, Massachusetts of 1769, at about the time of William’s coming south, left for his sixth and Denver, Colorado Dover, Delaware last visit to America, where he died.” [John Pollock, Wilberforce (New York: Carson City, Nevada St. Martin’s Press, 1977), 5.] Charleston, West Virginia 11. Charles Colson, “Introduction,” in William Wilberforce, A Practical View of Cheyenne, Wyoming Columbia, South Carolina Christianity, (Hendrickson Publishers, 1996), xxii. Colson writes, “By the Columbus, Ohio time Wilberforce knew of him, Newton was a clergyman in the Church of Concord, New Hampshire England, renowned for his outspokenness on spiritual matters.” Hartford, Connecticut Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Bible studies 12. John Pollock, Wilberforce (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977), 4. Honolulu, Hawaii and updates 13. Pollock, “A Man Who Changed His Times,” 79. Jefferson City,Missouri at your fingertips Lansing, Michigan 14. Steven Gertz, “Pastor to the Nation: Newton responded to thousands of Lincoln, Nebraska requests for spiritual counsel with letters advising the lowly and the great,” Little Rock, Arkansas Christian History & Biography, Issue 81, Winter 2004, 37. Madison, Wisconsin Montpelier, Vermont 15. Pollock, Wilberforce, 5. Nashville, Tennessee 16. Piper, The Roots of Endurance,, 123. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Olympia, Washington 17. Piper, The Roots of Endurance,, 123. Phoenix, Arizona 18. Pollock, Wilberforce, 6. Providence, Rhode Island Raleigh, North Carolina 19. Piper, The Roots of Endurance, 123. Richmond, Virginia 20. Pollock, “A Man Who Changed His Times,” 79. Sacramento, California Salem, Oregon 21. Pollock, Wilberforce, 33. Pollack further states of Wilberforce’s spiritual in- Santa Fe, New Mexico struction at that time: “In no sense was he an atheist. Lindsey’s disciples at Springfield,Illinois Essex Street worshipped the Deity, a benevolent Providence in some way also Topeka, Kansas Trenton, New Jersey the judge of man’s actions, but they rejected Christ’s divinity, the Christian view of the Atonement, and the authority of Scripture.” (Pollack, Wilber- INTERNATIONAL Making Disciples of Jesus Christ force, 33–34.) Wilberforce may have been no atheist, yet nor was he a Bi- Abuja, Nigeria ble-believing Christian! Accra, Ghana in the Political Arena Antananarivo, Madagascar Throughout the World 22. Pollock, Wilberforce, 35. Asunción, Paraguay 23. Wolffe, John; Harrison, B. (May 2006) [online edition; first published Sep- Bangui, Central African Republic tember 2004], “Wilberforce, William (1759–1833)”, Oxford Dictionary of Brasilia, Brazil National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29386, Bucharest, Romania ISBN 978-0-19-861411-1. Bujumbura, Burundi Dodoma, Tanzania 24. Colson, “Introduction,” xxi. Pollack writes of the situation: “Wilberforce was Freetown, Sierra Leone ® looking for a traveling companion.” He ‘had no one else in mind when the Georgetown, Guyana Capitol Ministries provides family went to Scarborough, Yorkshire’s fashionable watering place, for the Kiev, Ukraine Bible studies, evangelism and summer season.’ Here he fell in with the huge Isaac Milner, his former usher Kigali, Rwanda at Hull Grammar School who now was a tutor of Queen’s College, Cam- Kinshasa, Democratic discipleship to political leaders. Republic of the Congo bridge. On impulse, apparently, Wilberforce invited Milner, all expenses Founded in 1996, we have started Libreville, Gabon paid.” (Pollock, Wilberforce, 32.) Notes Pollack of Wilberforce’s and Milner’s Lomé, Togo ongoing ministries in over 40 initial acquaintance, “Isaac [Milner] would one day influence William Wil- Lusaka, Zambia U.S. State Capitols and dozens berforce profoundly, but their paths crossed only briefly at Hull Grammar Malabo, Equatorial Guinea School.” Maputo, Mozambique of foreign federal Capitols. Mexico City, Mexico 25. Pollock, Wilberforce, 35. Monrovia, Liberia Montevideo, Uruguay Capitol Ministries® 26. Pollock, Wilberforce, 36. Nairobi, Kenya 27. Pollock, Wilberforce, 37. N’Djamena, Tchad Mail Processing Center Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Post Office 30994 28. Colson, “Introduction,” xxi. Port Moresby, Papua New Phoenix, AZ 85046 29. Colson, “Introduction,” xxi. Guinea 661.288.2622 Porto-Novo, Benin 30. Pollock, Wilberforce, 38. Quito, Ecuador capmin.org Riga, Latvia 31. Gertz, “Pastor to the Nation,” 37. San Jose, Costa Rica 32. Gertz, “Pastor to the Nation,” 39. Suva, Fiji Tegucigalpa, Honduras 33. Pollock, Wilberforce, 44. Vilnius, Lithuania 34. Pollock, Wilberforce, 44. Warsaw, Poland /capitolministries Yamoussoukro, Cote d’Ivoire 35. Pollock, Wilberforce, 146. Yaoundé, Cameroun [ 8 ] For past studies or additional copies go to capmin.org