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Return to Troy <UN> Metaforms Studies in the Reception of Classical Antiquity Editors-in-Chief Almut-Barbara Renger (Freie Universität Berlin) Jon Solomon (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) John T. Hamilton (Harvard University) Editorial Board Kyriakos Demetriou (University of Cyprus) Constanze Güthenke (Princeton University) Miriam Leonard (University College London) Mira Seo (University of Michigan) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/srca <UN> Return to Troy New Essays on the Hollywood Epic Edited by Martin M. Winkler LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> Cover illustration: Image courtesy Daniel Petersen. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Return to Troy : new essays on the Hollywood epic / edited by Martin M. Winkler. pages cm -- (Studies in the reception of classical antiquity ; 5) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-29276-5 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-29608-4 (e-book) 1. Troy (Motion picture) 2. Trojan War--Motion pictures and the war. I. Winkler, Martin M., editor. PN1997.2.T78R48 2015 791.43’72--dc23 2015008273 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2212-9405 isbn 978-90-04-29276-5 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-29608-4 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. <UN> Contents Editor’s Acknowledgments vii List of Photographs viii Notes on Contributors ix Introduction: Troy Revisited 1 Martin M. Winkler 1 Wolfgang Petersen on Homer and Troy 16 Martin M. Winkler 2 Live from Troy: Embedded in the Trojan War 27 Daniel Petersen Photographs: Behind the Scenes of Troy 49 3 In the Footsteps of Homeric Narrative: Anachronisms and Other Supposed Mistakes in Troy 65 Eleonora Cavallini 4 Petersen’s Epic Technique: Troy and Its Homeric Model 86 Wolfgang Kofler and Florian Schaffenrath 5 Troy and the Cinematic Afterlife of Homeric Gods 108 Martin M. Winkler 6 Achilles and Patroclus in Troy 165 Horst-Dieter Blume 7 Odysseus in Troy 180 Bruce Louden 8 A New Briseis in Troy 191 Barbara P. Weinlich 9 The Fall of Troy: Intertextual Presences in Wolfgang Petersen’s Film 203 Antonio M. Martín-Rodríguez <UN> vi Contents 10 Homer’s Iliad in Popular Culture: The Roads to Troy 224 Jon Solomon Coda: On Cinematic Tributes to Homer and the Iliad 255 Martin M. Winkler Bibliography 265 Index of Films and Television Productions 278 General Index 281 <UN> Editor’s Acknowledgments I am chiefly indebted to all contributors, my laoi Trôikoi kinêmatographikoi, as they might be called in not-quite-Homeric Greek, for their unwavering dedica- tion to this volume. I owe special thanks to Wolfgang Petersen for his willing- ness to answer my questions and to his assistant Barbara Huber for serving as intermediary between him and me. Daniel Petersen was so generous as to make his entire treasury of photographs taken during the production of Troy available to me for this book. A small selection of his images can be found in the color insert; the one on the book’s cover is his as well. In view of the cost involved in reproducing these photographs, I have proposed, and my contribu- tors have kindly agreed, not to include additional illustrations such as stills or screenshots of Troy in individual chapters. Since both the theatrical release and the director’s cut of Troy are readily available in home-video formats, we hope that our readers will approve of the rationale behind this decision. I am grateful to the editors of Metaforms for including this book in their series and, at the press, to Tessel Jonquière and Kim Fiona Plas for their ready cooperation. Special thanks to Jon Solomon. He knows why. <UN> List of Photographs 1 Model set of Troy 51 2 Malta. City wall and gate (extreme r.) of Troy with camera crane 52 3 Malta. Preparing the set of Priam’s palace, with blue screen and camera 53 4 Malta. Filming Achilles (Brad Pitt, top r.) on board his ship 54 5 Mexico. The deserted plain of Thessaly 55 6 Mexico. Part of the Greek army 56 7 Mexico. Director Petersen (l., in white shirt and hat) with camera crew and Trojans 57 8 Mexico. Not all Trojan warriors are real or digitally created 58 9 Mexico. Part of the beach set for the Greek ships 59 10 Mexico. Director Petersen (r.) and Patroclus (Garrett Hedlund) ready for his dying close-up, with chest plate and plastic tube for fake blood 60 11 Malta. The Wooden Horse waiting for its cue inside Troy 61 12 Mexico. The Wooden Horse on the beach outside Troy 62 13 Mexico. Another fall of Troy: the city walls after the hurricane 63 14 Mexico. A suitably melancholic sunset on the Trojan beach 64 <UN> Notes on Contributors Horst-Dieter Blume is Professor Emeritus of Classics at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität in Münster, Germany. He is the author of several books on ancient theater prac- tice and the comedy of Menander and has written Homer auf der tragischen Bühne. He has translated Menander’s Dyskolos, Euripides’ Iphigenia at Aulis, and Aeschylus’ Seven against Thebes. Eleonora Cavallini is Professor of Greek Language and Literature at the Department of Cultural Heritage, Bologna University—Ravenna Campus (Italy), where she also teaches History of Classical Tradition in Modern and Contemporary Culture and Historical Anthropology of the Greek World. From 2002 until 2005 she was vice-dean for the Faculty of Preservation of Cultural Heritage at Bologna University. She is responsible for the international research project Mythimedia and director of the book series Nemo: confrontarsi con l’antico for d.u. Press, Bologna. Her latest major work is the edited volume La Musa nascosta: Mito e letteratura greca nell’opera di Cesare Pavese. Wolfgang Kofler is Professor of Classics at the Leopold-Franzens-Universität in Innsbruck, Austria. He has published on Hellenistic and Augustan poetry, epic, and epi- gram. He also works on aspects of classical reception, especially the most recent periods, and on Neo-Latin literature. Bruce Louden is Professor of Classics at the University of Texas at El Paso. He is the author of The Odyssey: Structure, Narration, and Meaning; The Iliad: Structure, Myth, and Meaning; and, most recently, Homer’s Odyssey and the Near East. He has also published on Gilgamesh, Ugaritic myth, Greek tragedy, Roman comedy, Virgil’s Aeneid, the Bible, Beowulf, Shakespeare, and Milton. Antonio M. Martín-Rodríguez is Professor of Latin and Dean of the School of Philology at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain). His books include El campo semántico de dar en latín, De Aedón a Filomela: Génesis, sentido y comentario de la versión ovidiana del mito, Fuentes Clásicas en Titus Andronicus de Shakespeare, and El mito de Filomela en la literatura española. He is the editor of El humanismo <UN> x Notes on Contributors español, su proyección en América y Canarias en la época del humanismo. He has published articles on Latin linguistics, on Latin literature (especially Plautus, Ovid, and Bede), and on the classical tradition. He also works on criti- cal editions of the works of Spanish humanists. Daniel Petersen was personal assistant to Wolfgang Petersen on Troy. He is the author of “Troja”: Embedded im Troianischen Krieg. Florian Schaffenrath is Associate Professor of Classics and Neo-Latin Studies at the Leopold- Franzens-Universität and director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Neo- Latin Studies, both in Innsbruck, Austria. His research and publications encompass Cicero and Silius Italicus, the history of Latin literature, especially epic, and classical receptions. Jon Solomon is Robert D. Novak Professor of Western Civilization and Culture and Professor of Cinema Studies at the University of Illinois. He is the author of numerous publications on classical literature and culture and on the classical tradition, among them The Ancient World in the Cinema and, as co-editor, Ancient Worlds in Cinema and Television: Gender and Politics. Barbara P. Weinlich is Visiting Assistant Professor of Classics at Eckerd College. Her interests include late republican and early imperial Roman literature, epigraphy, literary and critical theory, and classical reception. She is has published a monograph on Ovid’s Amores and a number of articles on Roman love elegy and on classi- cal reception in visual media. Martin M. Winkler is University Professor and Professor of Classics at George Mason University. He is the editor of Troy: From Homer’s Iliad to Hollywood Epic, among other essay collections on historical films, and the author of books, articles, and book chapters on classical literature, classics and cinema, the classical tradition, and related topics. His most recent book is Arminius the Liberator: Myth and Ideology. <UN> Introduction: Troy Revisited Martin M. Winkler “There are an awful lot of Greeks in it.” Harry Cohn, boss of Columbia Pictures and Hollywood barbarian par excellance, had Homer’s number right from the start when he was contemplating a film adaptation of the Iliad, the founding text of Western culture.