DOCSLIB.ORG

Spatial Planning in West Pomerania Region in 1945-1949 Planowanie Przestrzenne Na Obszarze Pomorza Zachodniego W Latach 1945-1949

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spatial Planning in West Pomerania Region in 1945-1949 Planowanie Przestrzenne Na Obszarze Pomorza Zachodniego W Latach 1945-1949 DOI: 10.21005/pif.2019.38.C-02 SPATIAL PLANNING IN WEST POMERANIA REGION IN 1945-1949 PLANOWANIE PRZESTRZENNE NA OBSZARZE POMORZA ZACHODNIEGO W LATACH 1945-1949 Tomasz Furmańczyk mgr inż. Author’s Orcid number: 0000-0003-4349-7849 Uniwersytet Szczeciński Wydział Nauk o Ziemi Instytut Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Zakład Badań Miast i Regionów ABSTRACT Article refers to the planning processes taking place in the first years after World War II. Author analyses the legal conditions, historical regional and local planning documents, as well as selected urban planning concepts and theses from 1945-1949, on the example of the West Pomerania and Szczecin. The article also uses archival drawings and designs to illustrate the planners workshop from analysed period. Key words: history of urban planning, urban reconstruction, spatial planning. STRESZCZENIE Tekst odnosi się do tematyki procesów planistycznych mających miejsce w pierwszych latach po II Wojnie Światowej. Omówione zostały uwarunkowania ustrojowe i prawne, przedstawiono historyczne opracowania planistyczne w skali regionalnej oraz lokalnej a także wybrane koncepcje i tezy urbanistyczne z lat 1945-1949, na przykładzie ówcze- snego Województwa Szczecińskiego oraz Szczecina. W artykule wykorzystano archiwal- ne rysunki i założenia projektowe ilustrujące ówczesny warsztat planistyczny. Słowa kluczowe: historia urbanistyki, odbudowa miast, planowanie przestrzenne. 146 s p a c e & FORM | prz e s t r z e ń i FORMa ‘38_2019 1. INTRODUCTION The first years after the Second World War were a period of increased inventory, plan- ning and design activities. All aspects of the country's development, including spatial and urban planning, were closely related to the organizational framework of the socialist sys- tem, the centralization of governance and the rapid security of the basic needs of the population. The planning process was additionally motivated by the ideology of creating new socialist urban and rural areas, changing both the existing social and spatial system of the country. Attempts to rationally design cities and regions have been adapted to the directions set by the central authorities. This article reviews selected planning works in Western Pomerania in the years 1945- 1949. The analysis of planning assumptions for the region and it’s urban centers will al- low a better understanding the current state of development of this area. The seventy years period enables a preliminary analysis of studies in the field of regional and local planning, in addition to realized and unrealized projects. The thesis for further considera- tion is that despite ideological stigma and the lack of sufficient information on the scale of war damage, the planning studies from 1945-1949 fulfilled an important role in the pro- cess of reconstruction of West Pomerania. The article uses source materials from the 1940s and 1950s. The archival documents of the Regional Directorate for Spatial Plan- ning in Szczecin were analysed, as well as plans and working inventory maps made by Municipal Planning Office. 2. CONDTIONS OF SPATIAL PLANNING 1945-1949 After the Second World War, the spatial planning system has undergone strong transfor- mations for political reasons. Urban planning and spatial planning system became a part of the planned economy doctrine. In the years 1944-48, a wide agricultural reform was carried out as well as communalisation of many urban lands, including all in Warsaw (the so-called “Bierut act”) was done. On the so-called “Regained Territories”, including the present West Pomerania, the Polish state took over all former German properties. Some of them were made available to settlers and migrants as part of the agrarian reform. At the same time, there was a radical tightening of the rigors of land ownership and a grad- ual centralization of spatial planning processes. The legal acts sanctioning the new sys- tem were: decree on the state investment plan, decree on a planned national economy and decree on planned spatial development. [2] The decree of 2nd April 1946 on the planned spatial development of the country was the first generally applicable planning act published after World War II. On the basis of this document, the following spatial planning structure has been created in Poland: – Main Offices for Spatial Planning, – Regional Directorates for Spatial Planning (at the provincial levels) – Local Planning Offices (at the level of poviats (county) and cities separated from poviats) [3]. The role of development in the newly shaped settlement network was mainly determined by regional plans, and spatial management was decided by detailed spatial develop- ments plans. In fact, regional plans could be adopted for a part of the voivodship and often referred to functional areas covering several poviats. [7] Planning activities in West Pomerania, were carried out by the Regional Planning Office (established in March 1945). The management of the Office (RPO) in the rank of the Government Plenipotentiary for the District of West Pomerania was entrusted to the engi- neer Piotr Zaremba. The headquarter of the RPO and lower technical administration units became temporarily Piła, then Koszalin, and finally in March 1946 the BPR moved to Szczecin. On the basis of the decree of April 2, 1946, it was transformed into the Region- al Directorate of Spatial Planning (hereinafter RDSP). The RDSP's competence was to TOMASZ FURMAŃCZYK 147 draw up urban plans and guidelines, while the Reconstruction Office managed and coor- dinated the investment processes. In 1947, in order to develop a spatial development plan for Szczecin, the Municipal Planning Office (MPO) in Szczecin was established. In the years 1946-1948, MPO with the cooperation of RDSP developed a spatial develop- ment plan for Szczecin. In 1949, the Regional Directorate for Spatial Planning was liqui- dated and its competences were taken over by the Regional Office and the Voivodeship Commission for Economic Planning. Piotr Zaremba became the director of the Regional Office, at the same time being the President of the City of Szczecin. [11] 3. SPATIAL PLANNING IN SZCZECIN VOIVODESHIP According to the ordinance of the Council of Ministers of 29th May 1946 on the temporary administrative division of the Regained Territories, three voivodships were established: Olsztyńskie, Szczecińskie and Wrocławskie (Fig. 1). The Szczecińskie Voivodship includ- ed poviats: białogardzki, bytowski, chojeński, choszczeński, człuchowski, drawski, gryfic- ki, gryfiński, kamieński, kołobrzeski with city of Kołobrzeg, Koszaliński with city of Koszalin, łobeski, miastecki, myślborski, nowogardzki, pyrzycki, sławieński, słupski with city of Słupsk, stargardzki with city of Stargard, Szczecin, City of Szczecin, Szczecinecki, wałecki, woliński, and złotowski [10]. The area of 30,251 km2 was inhabited by 892 600 people (1946). For comparison, the current Westpomeranian Voivodeship in 2017 was covering the area 22 892 km2 and it is inhabited by 1 705 533 residents. Spatial planning at the voivodship level was carried out by the Regional Spatial Planning Directorates as professional body, legally authorized in the general administration. They were subordinated to the Main Office of Spatial Planning and were part of the Voivodship Office on the rights of the faculty. The Regional Directorate for Spatial Planning in Szcze- cin was established on April 2, 1946 and its first director was Stanisław Malessa. The RDSP competences included preparing a regional plan, approving local plans, controlling investments and their compliance with the regional plan as well as providing information and opinions on regional plans. In addition, the RDSP also developed simplified plans for urban and rural development, and dealt with economic, social and demographic studies in the region. Due to the losses in buildings of towns and villages as a result of wars reaching up to 50% in the region (Figure 1), the RDPP's task was also to prepare the inventory of preserved urban and rural infrastructure as well as collecting documentation of existing facilities. RDSP consisted of 5 departments: – General Department, dealing with organizational, administrative, legal and budget- ary issues; – Department of Studies and Programming of Works, dealing with correspondence related to securing monuments and organization of works on the voivodship spatial development plan; – Regional Plan Department, dealing with the assumptions for the development of industry, investment plan for West Pomerania, inventory of industrial facilities, bal- ance of goods flow and general works on the regional plan; – City Housing Planning Department, working on inventory of the state of development of cities, preparing surveys regarding their reconstruction and developing a list of demographic data for the region; – Rural Planning Department was responsible for the ordinances and protocols related to the development of villages, statistical summaries on the number of settlers, and also prepared lists of communes and poviats, as well as summary lists of agricultural settlements, etc. [4] 148 s p a c e & FORM | prz e s t r z e ń i FORMa ‘38_2019 Regional Plan, which was the main activity assigned to RDSP, determined the allocation of individual areas of the Szczecin Voivodship. As part of the plan, the following were separated: – areas of housing estates with an indication of their administrative, economic, cura- tive, educational and scientific functions together with the approximate number of in-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • International Achievements of Polish Urban Planning
    ELABORATIONS INTERNATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF POLISH URBAN PLANNING SAWOMIR GZELL MEASURES OF SUCCESS tecture, becomes an embarrassing and irresponsible composition of not-quite-new designs arranged of It is not easy to judge which examples of Polish toy bricks which should have been given to children, contemporary urban planning might possess the sta- though sampling in art and music fares quite well tus of works that achieved international success, and meanwhile. Bearing out the proposition on dyna- this includes creations in Poland as well as abroad. mism of assessment of urban designs is also the ac- One needs criteria for assessment, but intuition sug- ceptance of historicism, achieved some time ago and gests that even severe ones might be useless, while now well grounded, although the fashion for this is the selection of such criteria is not obvious. The num- too proceeding towards a decline. Another con [ rma- ber of citations, the frequency of publication of de- tion is the development of neomodernism in many scriptions and photographs, the number of imitators forms, even though critique of modernism itself and such like can of course be quanti [ ed, but against continues, with the effect i.a. that modernist archi- what should the resulting calculations be measured? tectural realizations are being physically removed; One would need to produce comparative tables but for instance the demolishing, ostensibly because of in spite of the work done, these would never bring frail condition, of department stores Supersam at about convincingly objective results. On the other Plac Unii Lubelskiej and Pawilon Chemii at Bracka hand, assessments transcending simple awarding of street in Warsaw, or the railway station in Katowice, points, such as admiration (or condemnation) of crit- or adding on buildings, or painting in bright colours ics, academic analyses, colleagues’ opinions, media even renowned housing estates constructed between reports etc, are obviously emburdened with the sin 1960-1980.
    [Show full text]
  • Jericho Issue 9
    THE HABITAT NEWSPAPER NO. 9 10 JUNE 1976 CRITICISM OF SECOND DRAFT 0 WOMEN went out of thewindow ent as an issue The seconddr aft came outin supportof dimensions when the NGOs resumed debate at the a new institution in the second, notably the Forum yesterday to co-ordinate thework of relationship between on theirsecond statement organisations bringing resources water supply and to the official Conference. The to bearon pollution. two-page the solution of human settlementsproblems. The draft had grown an extra page, but there The first document called for a concurrent was apparently had only urged governments to effort to provide water no roomfor women in it, and avoid duplication of effort and reduce pollution barely for education. A growing when decidingon associated with intensiveagriculture based numberof new structures for international co­ NGOsdissociated themselves from thedraft operatif>n. on "indiscriminate use of inorganic fer­ . as not representative of the tilizers and insecticides whose production group as a Wa�, which was to be clean by 1990, whote, andChairman J .G. van Puttenfaced non-profitand . and distribution is controlled principally by renewed linkedto agrarianreform in transnational corporations.'' criticisl'I). the first draft: took on The draft also some added calledattention tothe inadequatetreatment of waste water from industri l .R! nts and yesterday tried to make the water section Pullen to the official Conference last week. even more specific, calling on all users of In a document dated June 7 which is now water - particularly nuclearpower plants circulatingat theForum, theystate that ':'an which raise the temperature of natural Putten'sstatement was "notrepresentative water sources - to return it to the of theNGO community at large," and that ecosystemas pureas it was received.
    [Show full text]
  • One Ideology, Two Visions. Churches And
    1 Leibniz Institut für Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Europa, Leipzig, April 2019. ONE IDEOLOGY, TWO VISIONS. CHURCHES AND THE SOCIALIST CITY, EAST BERLIN AND WARSAW – 1945-1975. By Marcus van der Meulen. In this presentation sacred architecture in rebuilding war damaged cities during the the period 1945-1975 is discussed, starting with a short look at the postwar reconstruction of Minsk and Magdeburg as socialist cities, followed by a look at East Berlin and Warsaw. This presentation is an adapted version of the paper presented at the conference State (Re)construction in Art in Central and Eastern Europe 1918-2018 in Warsaw 2018. We will look at the first three decades of rebuilding the nation after the end of the Second World War. 1975 was a pivotal year. It was the European Architectural Heritage Year, shifting the heritage values regarding religious buildings from the traditional religious connotations towards the important values of education and economy, including tourism, and the year the German Democratic Republic adopted the Denkmalschutz Gesetz in the DDR, heralding a change, a growing awareness of the significance of historic buildings including sacred architecture. Introduction. At the end of the Second World War in May 1945 two capitals were in ruins. The war had destroyed much of Europe. Cities and towns had been bombed or damaged in combat. Some buildings were even calculatedly dynamited and burned down. As the Nazis retreated historic buildings, in my home country especially the church towers, were targeted and detonated. Severe combat damaged the German capital until the final days of the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Irwin Abrams Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9v19p0dq No online items Register of the Irwin Abrams Papers Finding aid prepared by Katherine Reynolds, Beth Goder; machine-readable finding aid created by Brooke Dykman Dockter Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, 94305-6003 (650) 723-3563 [email protected] © 1998, 2017 Register of the Irwin Abrams 83025 1 Papers Title: Irwin Abrams papers Date (inclusive): 1900-2005 Collection Number: 83025 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 38 manuscript boxes, 1 card file box(16.1 linear feet) Abstract: Speeches and writings, correspondence, reports, minutes, bulletins, newsletters, curricular material, and other printed matter, relating to activities of the American Friends Service Committee, international volunteer work camps, conscientious objection during World War II, education in Germany, international educational and cultural exchanges, especially between the United States and East and West Germany, and the Nobel Peace Prize. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Abrams, Irwin, 1914-2010 Access Collection is open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Irwin Abrams papers, [Box number], Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 1983.
    [Show full text]
  • 1939 Everyday Life Under Occupation: a Comparative Perspective Scenario
    EVERYDAY LIFE subject UNDER OCCUPATION: a comparative perspective Context4. The Second World War and the German Germans was also countered. Among occupation had a great impact on the the countless campaigns organised by everyday life of European citizens. Condi- the Polish underground, the attempt to tions and legislation in individual countries liberate the capital from the German occu- differed depending on whether they were oc- pation in the face of the approaching Red cupied by or collaborated with the Third Reich. Army deserves particular attention. The War- Additionally, occupied countries were not treat- saw Rising broke out on 1 August 1944. It was ed equally. In Western Europe, the occupation the greatest city uprising in occupied Europe in had a different nature than in East-Central Europe. terms of scale and length. Two months of fighting For example, the Germans did not employ terror or ended in a defeat and brutal pacification of the ci- various types of repression there on such a scale as, vilian population estimated at 120,000–150,000. say, in the General Government (GG) or the Baltic The German forces almost completely destroyed states, Ukraine or the Balkans. In Western Europe, the city and thousands of surviving Warsaw resi- they also attempted to at least maintain the sham dents were sent to concentration camps. of decent treatment of civilians. Some administra- tive authority was left to local officials with control An extensive movement resisting the Germans was only over their actions. In principle, higher educa- also formed in occupied territories of the Soviet tion functioned normally there.
    [Show full text]
  • Tems-In-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
    UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 55 Date 21/06/2006 Time 11:29:27 AM S-0990-0008-04-00001 Expanded Number S-0990-0008-04-00001 Title |tems-in-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Date Created 04/03/1976 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0990-0008: United Nations Emergency and Relief Operations Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit HOTS FOR TBS FIXE !»<* The}letter from Tolba to Governments referred to in his letter has not yet been released. This letter will elaborate in the note verbale from the Secretary-General and complement it. 2** She usual format to approach Governments is note verbale* Mr* Tolba is willing to accept this format* Mr. Brown agrees to send out the note that we shall prepare* 3.~ Specialized agencies have already been approached by Mr* Tolba. Therefore, it is not necessary to ask Narasimhan's office to worlfc on this. Mr. Muller has been informed* 4.- Mr* Tolba agrees to write to NGOs in tarder to draw fo their attention on behalf of the Secretary-General the relevant parts of resolution 32/172* 5.~ The text of the resolution has not yet been finalized, it has to be checked with Mr. Gazarian's . office* • • 6.- Mr. Tolba is aware of the fact that resolution 32/172 is of concern for several departments. He would lifce to know who is responsible for co-ordina- tion* j told Mr* Brown that in compliance with Mr. Buffura's memo in the implementation of the resolution adopted by the General Assembly, UKEP was the ftead agency for resolution 32/172 and was therefore; responsible for this co-ordination.
    [Show full text]
  • View. Theories and Practices Ofvisual Culture
    4 View. Theories and Practices of Visual Culture. title: tWitulen:derblock Warsaw. The Ruined City, Memory, and Mechanical Reproduction author(:s): Krzysztof Pijarski source: View. Theories and Practices ofVisual Culture 4 (2013) URL: http://widok.ibl.waw.pl/index.php/one/article/view/150/252 publisher: Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Polish Culture, University of Warsaw Krzysztof Pijarski Wunderblock Warsaw. The Ruined City, Memory, and Mechanical Reproduction Photographs are not hand-made; they are manufactured. And what is manufactured is an image of the world. The inescapable fact of mechanism or automatism in the making of these images is the feature Bazin points to as “[satisfying], once and for all and in its very essence, our obsession with realism.” It is essential to get to the right depth of this fact of automatism. Stanley Cavell, The World Viewed1 There can be no image that is not about destruction and survival, and this is especially the case in the image of ruin. We might even say that the image of ruin tells us what is true of every image: that it bears witness to the enigmatic relation between death and survival, loss and life, destruction and preservation, mourning and memory. It also tells us, if it can tell us anything at all, that what dies, is lost, and mourned within the image –even as it survives, lives on, and struggles to exist – is the image itself. Eduardo Cadava, ‘Lapsus Imaginis’: The Image in Ruin2 I. seeing ruins Facing away from the viewer, she stands at a panoramic window in a high-rise hotel, looking out at the city.
    [Show full text]
  • An Alloy Made from Art and Activism, in North Macedonia. in Steinbock, E., Leven, B
    BLACKWOOD, J. 2020. An alloy made from art and activism, in North Macedonia. In Steinbock, E., Leven, B. and de Valck, M. (eds.) Art and activism in the age of systemic crisis: aesthetic resilience. Abingdon: Routledge [online], chapter 7, pages 92-103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429269189-7 An alloy made from art and activism, in North Macedonia. BLACKWOOD, J. 2020 This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in Art and Activism in the Age of Systemic Crisis on 7.10.2020, available online: http://www.routledge.com/9780367219840 This document was downloaded from https://openair.rgu.ac.uk An Alloy made from Art and Activism, in North Macedonia Jon Blackwood Abstract This paper traces the development of an “alloy” of artist and activist strategies in the context of North Macedonia, during the years of Nikola Gruevski’s right- wing conservative government (2016-16) and its turbulent overthrow; the essay concludes by assessing the conditions for art in the “new normality” of Zoran Zaev’s social- democrat led government from April 2017, onwards. I outline the historical development of Macedonia since independence in the first section and discuss the characteristics of Gruevski’s government. Critical to their cultural policy was the controversial Skopje 2014 scheme and “antiquisation”; the re- casting of the appearance of Yugoslav-era Skopje in neoclassical and Baroque architectural styles and monuments. The response of critical artists to this scheme then is assessed through the example of Aleksandar Spasoski’s The Ship that Never Sailed (2012), and the work of the KOOPERACIJA grouping.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning Napier 1850-1968
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. PLANNING NAPIER 1850–1968 A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Planning at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand John Barry Annabell 2012 Abstract In the context of New Zealand planning history, planning can be seen in two forms. Informal planning describes planning-related activities already taking place before the establishment of formal town planning in the early 20th century. Formal planning describes planning activities based on legislation, a developing body of knowledge, and a planning profession. Whether informal or formal, planning has been concerned with the arrangement and control of activities in space, with the objective of creating a better living environment. For Napier, a provincial centre, the influence of planning on the growth and development of the town is discussed in terms of four principal themes, covering the period from the birth of the town in the 1850s until 1968. These themes are reclamation, reconstruction, suburban growth, and place promotion/civic improvement. Reclamation planning was important, given that the original town was almost totally surrounded by sea or swamp, with insufficient land for future expansion. A major earthquake in 1931 destroyed the business area of Napier, but helped solve the expansion problem by raising the level of land so that reclamation became easier or was now unnecessary.
    [Show full text]
  • Lifting the Curtain / Lever De Rideau
    La présente édition est une production des Editions Fourre-Tout et du Centre for Central European Architecture DOSSIER DE PRESSE LIFTING THE CURTAIN / LEVER DE RIDEAU Publication mai 2018 Cette image brutale et cadenassée du « rideau de fer », qui renvoie à l’assemblage, plus ou moins articulé, de plaques Cette image brutale et cadenassée du « rideau de fer », qui renvoie d’acier d’uneà l’assemblage,devanture plus de ou moins garage articulé, ou de deplaques magasin, d’acier d’une évoque avant tout l’opacité,devanture de l’occultation garage ou de magasin, d’une évoque partieavant tout de l’opacité, l’Europe aux RIDEAU l’occultation d’une partie de l’Europe aux yeux de l’autre, la longue yeux de l’autre, la longue éclipse de leur connaissance mutu- DE éclipse de leur connaissance mutuelle sous la dépendance de la elle sous la dépendancepropagande, des services de secretsla propagande, et des phantasmes desidéologiques services se- crets et des réciproques.phantasmes A rebours idéologiques de ces constructions réciproques. biaisées, cet ouvrage A rebours jalonne un chantier historiographique passionnant qui met en de ces constructions biaisées, cet ouvrage jalonne un chantier lumière la réalité et la complexité des mondes de l’architecture LIFTING THE CURTAIN / LEVER historiographiqueet de l’urbanisme passionnant dans l’ex Europe qui metsoviétique. en Illumière montre à quel la réalité et la point le monolithisme de façade de ce « Bloc de l’Est » cache en Les réseaux complexité des mondes de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme dansd’architectes fait une pluralité insoupçonnée de phénomènes interconnectés, en Europe centrale l’ex Europe soviétique.analysés en nombre Il montre dans les différents à quel chapitres point : expériencesle monolithisme de/ Central projectuelles, organisations collectives, circulations d’acteurs European façade de ce « Bloc de l’Est » cache en fait une pluralité insoupArchitectural- et de modèles, scènes d’échanges et de confrontation, foyers de Networks çonnée de phénomènesréflexions et de recherches, interconnectés, médias alternatifs.
    [Show full text]
  • Deconstructing the Divided City
    University College London Department of Geography DECONSTRUCTING THE DIVIDED CITY IDENTITY, POWER AND SPACE IN SKOPJE Ophélie Véron Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2 –STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY – I, Ophélie Véron, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own and has not been submitted, in whole or in part, for any other degree or diploma at any other university. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 –ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – Completing a thesis brings many joys, one of which is to remember the colleagues, friends and family who have helped me and supported me along this journey. I am indebted to my Ph.D. supervisor, Dr. Alan Ingram, for his constant guidance, support, encouragement, motivation and feedback. Although I must admit I sometimes cursed his sharp and critical mind, I could not have asked for a better role model, inspirational and always incredibly patient (even towards my never-ending questions, my poor French habits and my dislike for administrative tasks). This thesis would not have been possible without him. I would also like to show my gratitude to my Ph.D. co-supervisor, Prof. Ger Duijzings, for sharing his expert knowledge of and advice on the Balkans, and for many insightful discussions and suggestions on my field visits and my research methods. I would like to warmly thank Dr. Jennifer Robinson and Dr. Wendy Pullan for having agreed to act as examiners for my viva and for giving me detailed and insightful feedback which greatly improved this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-1945 Poland: Modernities, Transformations and Evolving Identities
    POS T-1945 POLAND: MODERNITIES, TRANSFOR- MATIONS AND EVOLVING IDENTITIES Working papers. Programme on Modern Poland / 2016 POS T-1945 POLAND: MODERNITIES, TRANSFOR- MATIONS AND EVOLVING IDENTITIES Working papers. Programme on Modern Poland / 2016 © The Authors [2015]. Published by POMP. All rights reserved. Proof-reading and editing: Dorian Singh, Marta Dziurosz Graphic Design: Type2.pl St Antony’s College CONTENTS Dr Dariusz Brzeziński Katarzyna Jeżowska Turning-points of 1956, 1968, 1980, 1989 Challenging the ideology: the construction of the narrative in the works of zygmunt bauman of the 1st Exhibition of the Polish Light Industry in Moscow in 1949 09–20 89–100 Hubert Czyżewski Kinga Koźmińska Evolution of Leszek Kołakowski’s religious thought — Language ideologies and gender in the modern post-conference working paper Polish community in the UK 21–34 101–112 Falk Flade Vasco Kretschmann Nuclear energy in poland and the Polish-Soviet relations The triple reinvention of Wrocław 35–46 in its twentieth century exhibitions 113–124 Przemysław Gasztold-Seń Between non-refundable aid and economic profits: Piotr J. Leśniak export of arms from the Polish People’s Republic’s Archive of the future: an architectural imaginary to the third world countries of reconstructed Warsaw 47–58 125–146 Anna Gromada Natasha Oxley What can the post-1989 fertility fall tell us Modernisations of Polish identities in contemporary about post-communist poland? Polish plays: the right to individuality 61–80 147–159 Anna Jagielska Jakub Szumski “The ideology of gender presents a threat worse The party, Solidarity or both? Than nazism and communism combined.” Transformation of political identities in 1980–1981 Poland.
    [Show full text]