The Hive Kelham Island Sheffield

Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment including Historic Buildings Appraisal

Document Ref.: 242400.02 February 2021

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Document Information Document title The Hive, Kelham Island, Sheffield Document subtitle Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment including Historic Buildings Appraisal Document reference 242400.2

Commissioned by Grantside Ltd Address Middlethorpe Manor York YO23 2QB National grid reference 435080, 388019

Project management by Mark Turner Document compiled by Andrew Reid/Seth Price

Quality Assurance Issue and date Status Author Approved by 1 05/01/2021 First Internal Draft AR/SP

AR 2 22/01/2021 Second Internal Draft AR/SP LEM 3 04/02/2021 External Draft AR/SP MT

The Hive, Kelham Island, Sheffield Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment including Historic Buildings Appraisal

Contents Summary ...... iv Acknowledgements ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Project background ...... 1 1.2 Development proposals ...... 1 1.3 Aims and purpose of the assessment ...... 1 2 METHODOLOGY ...... 2 2.1 Introduction ...... 2 2.2 Study Area ...... 2 2.3 Sources ...... 2 2.4 Site visit ...... 2 2.5 Assessment of significance ...... 3 2.6 Setting assessment ...... 3 2.7 Assumptions and limitations ...... 4 2.8 Copyright ...... 5 3 BASELINE RESOURCE ...... 5 3.1 Introduction ...... 5 3.2 Site description ...... 5 3.3 Designated heritage assets ...... 5 3.4 Historical and archaeological background ...... 6 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST AND SIGNIFICANCE ...... 9 4.1 Potential impact ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2 Conditions for survival ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3 Interest and significance ...... 9 5 BUILT HERITAGE ...... 10 5.1 Introduction ...... 10 5.2 2-4 South Parade ...... 11 5.3 Kelham Island Conservation Area ...... 14 6 SETTING ASSESSMENT ...... 16 6.1 Introduction ...... 16 6.2 Scoping exercise (Step 1) ...... 16 6.3 Setting – (Steps 2 and 3) ...... 17 6.4 William Brothers of Sheffield (NHLE 1247393) ...... 17 6.5 Crucible Workshop at Former Williams Brothers (NHLE 1392551) ...... 18 6.6 The Fat Cat (NHLE 1388269) ...... 19 7 CONCLUSIONS ...... 20 REFERENCES ...... 23 Bibliography ...... 23 Site and Monuments Records ...... 24 Cartographic and documentary sources (accessed online) ...... 24 Online resources ...... 24 APPENDICES ...... II Appendix 1: Terminology ...... II Appendix 2: Legislative and planning framework ...... III Appendix 3: Gazetteer ...... VI

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Figures Figure 1 Site location and key designated heritage assets Figure 2 Site and relevant SMR entries identified in text Figure 3 Site and previous excavations in the surrounding area Figure 4 1894 Ordnance Survey Map Figure 5 1924 Ordnance Survey Map Figure 6 1974 Ordnance Survey Map Figure 7 2-4 South Parade Phased Plan

Plates Plate 1 Southeast and northeast elevations of 2-4 South Parade, from the junction of South Parade and Bowling Green Street Plate 2 Northeast elevation of 2-4 South Parade, with the roof line of the northern range to the building visible to the top right, facing southeast from South Parade Plate 3 View to the southeast elevation of 2-4 South Parade along Bowling Cross Street from the south Plate 4 View of modern opening to the rear elevation of the South Parade range from within the Site, facing northeast. Note the modern stud wall elements dividing the interior of the building. Plate 5 View of modern kitchen extension to the rear of the Bowling Green Street range, facing southwest. Plate 6 Southeast elevation of the northern range from within the Site – note the blocked windows to the ground floor and extant timber sash windows to first floor. Plate 7 Lobby and main stair within the Bowling Green Street range ground floor, facing northwest Plate 8 Reception, ground floor of Bowling Green Street range, facing west Plate 9 Office, ground floor of Bowling Green Street range, facing northeast Plate 10 Office, first floor of Bowling Green Street range, facing northeast Plate 11 Kitchen, with modern store beyond, first floor of Bowling Green Street range, facing northwest Plate 12 Bedroom, first floor of Bowling Green Street range, facing west Plate 13 Original window architrave to the first-floor bedroom, Bowling Green Street range, facing southeast Plate 14 Garage, ground floor South Parade range, facing north Plate 15 Welding shop, ground floor South Parade range, facing north Plate 16 Welding shop, ground floor South Parade range, facing east Plate 17 Toilets, ground floor South Parade range, facing north Plate 18 Staircase accessing first floor of the South Parade range and north range, north range, facing northwest Plate 19 Timber-framed sash to former courtyard, stairwell landing, north range, facing southeast Plate 20 Storage room, first floor South Parade range, facing southeast Plate 21 Workshop, first floor north range, facing south – note original sash windows Plate 22 Surviving walls to an earlier structure within the centre of the Site – note the inserted openings (left) and truncated brickwork (centre) Plate 23 Surviving walling pertaining to previous structures within the centre of the Site Plate 24 View to the Site looking northwest, emphasising the poor character and appearance of the area to the southeast of the Site. Plate 25 View to the Site from the south – note the scale and character of the surrounding development in comparison with that within the Site Plate 26 Character of development to the north of the Site, facing northeast along Ebenezer Place

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Front cover View of 2-4 South Parade

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Summary Wessex Archaeology were commissioned by Grantside Ltd to prepare a Historic Environment Desk- based Assessment for a parcel of land situated off Bowling Green Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire. The report is intended to inform the design process and to be submitted as part of the planning application for the construction of a new five-storey building.

This report provides an assessment of the historic environment considerations of the proposed development and includes a historic buildings appraisal of 2-4 South Parade which has been identified as a non-designated heritage asset and are located within the Kelham Island Conservation Area.

There is an archaeological interest within the site which is characterised as a very high potential for encountering the remains of former 19th century buildings visible on historic mapping with a low potential for earlier remains due to disturbance from development. While further assessment in the form of intrusive excavation is likely to be required, there are no indications that, if present, the archaeological resource within the site would be so complex, rare, and well-preserved so as to elevate its significance and preclude development therein. The details of any further works should be agreed in consultation with the Principal Archaeologist for South Yorkshire Archaeology Service.

2-4 South Parade derives its significance primarily from its historic interest, being illustrative of the once large and common place Sheffield steel and cutlery manufacturing industry in the Kelham Island area, and forming part of the former Ashberry Metal Works. It has some architectural interest also, albeit reduced by unsympathetic repair and alteration. The physical fabric of the building provides evidence of its past use, development and architectural features associated with 19th- century industry, contributing to its archaeological interest. Similarly, the limited structural remains within the centre of the Site have some historic and archaeological interest, attesting to the past character and function of the Site as a whole.

2-4 South Parade is a non-designated heritage asset and its demolition will result in a total loss of its significance. This total loss will equate to harm in line with the criteria set out in paragraph 197 of NPPF. This loss should form part of a balanced judgement where the benefits of the proposed development should be taken into account when determining an application where harm will occur to a non-designated heritage asset.

The loss of 2-4 South Parade could be partially offset through a programme of building recording.

2-4 South Parade makes a contribution to significance of the Conservation Area through both its character and appearance, while the remainder of the site does not. This contribution is, however, limited by its stilted appearance within the surrounding later 20th century and early 21st century townscape which serves to sever any consistent appearance of historic value.

Its loss will therefore lead to harm on a designated heritage asset, which has been assessed as less than substantial as the significance embroiled in its character will still be appreciable through the larger works buildings and river views as set out above. That less than substantial harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal as set out within paragraph 195 of NPPF.

The construction of the proposed development will not have an effect on the character or appearance of the Conservation Area. The recent development undertaken within the past 20 years has dramatically altered the character and appearance with a further addition on its southern edge away from the core areas of significance will not lead to an appreciable change and thus, will not lead to any harm to its significance.

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The settings assessment considered designated heritage assets within a 1 km study area which had the potential for their identified significance to be impacted through a change in their setting. Scoping identified three assets which required further assessment, the Grade II listed William Brothers of Sheffield (a former chapel and Sunday school), the Grade II listed Crucible Workshop at Former Williams Brothers and the Grade II listed Fat Cat public house. Other assets were scoped out as the site does not lie within their setting or make any meaningful contribution to their significance; the significance of these assets will not be effected by the proposed development.

The assessment identified that the Site does not lie within the setting of any of these assets which makes a contribution to their significance and therefore the introduction of a new modern development will not change how these assets are appreciated.

Similarly, as the non-designated asset 2-4 South Parade makes no discernible contribution to the significance of these assets and its removal will not alter how any of the designated assets are understood as remaining elements of the former landscape.

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The Hive Kelham Island Sheffield Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment including Historic Buildings Appraisal

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project background 1.1.1 This Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment (HEDBA) was commissioned by Grantside Ltd to assess the potential impact to the historic environment resource from a new development on a parcel of land situated off Bowling Green Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire centred on National Grid Reference (NGR) 435080, 388019 (hereafter ‘the Site’; Figure 1).

1.1.2 This study seeks to inform the design process and will be submitted as part of the planning application.

1.2 Development proposals 1.2.1 At the time of writing, development proposals set out the construction of a new five-storey building arranged around an internal courtyard which would necessitate the demolition of all existing structures within the Site.

1.2.2 The proposals seek to respect the historic development of the area by mimicking the traditional courtyard layout of the former steel and metal trades industries in Sheffield, whilst using masonry from the existing buildings to incorporate into the design to provide a strong link to the former character of the area.

1.3 Aims and purpose of the assessment Introduction 1.3.1 The purpose of this assessment is to comply with the appropriate assessment planning guidance as outlined in paragraph 189 of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), 2019 and in line with CIfA Guidance Standards and Guidance (2020). This assessment will also identify and reference any other relevant and/or appropriate documents such as existing heritage or archaeological site management plans that may be in operation in the locality.

Aim 1.3.2 This report will determine, as far as is reasonably possible from existing records, the nature, extent and significance of the historic environment within a specified area. The desk-based assessment will be undertaken using appropriate methods and practices which satisfy the stated aims of the project, and which comply with the Code of Conduct and other relevant regulations of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists. Historic Environment here includes archaeological remains as well as built heritage assets.

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2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 The methodology employed during this assessment was based upon relevant professional guidance, including the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists' Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment (CIfA 2020).

2.2 Study Area 2.2.1 Baseline conditions were established through a desk-based review of publicly accessible sources of primary and synthesised information pertaining to the historic environment within a 500 m radial Study Area. The recorded historic environment resource within the Study Area was considered to provide a context for the discussion and interpretation of the known and potential historic environment resource (heritage assets) that could be affected by the proposed development, via the application of informed professional judgement.

2.3 Sources 2.3.1 The following publicly accessible sources of primary and synthesised information were consulted:

• the National Heritage List for England (NHLE), which is the only official and up to date database of all nationally designated heritage assets;

• the South Yorkshire Sites and Monuments Record (SYSMR), comprising a database of recorded archaeological sites, find spots, and archaeological events within the county;

• relevant national, regional and thematic Research Frameworks;

• national heritage datasets including the Archaeological Data Service (ADS), Heritage Gateway, OASIS, PastScape and the National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) Excavation Index;

• historic manuscripts, surveyed maps, and Ordnance Survey maps; and

• relevant primary and secondary sources, including published and unpublished archaeological reports relating to excavations and observations in the vicinity of the Site.

2.3.2 Sources consulted during the preparation of this assessment are listed in the References section at the end of this report. All records obtained from the NHLE and SYSMR are listed in Appendix 3 and those key to the assessment are illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

2.3.3 This report was written during a period of national lockdown to slow the spread of coronavirus. All local archives, record offices and the SYSMR were closed in accordance with Covid-19 regulations. To comply with government requirements, all sources within this document have been obtained from online repositories, or Wessex Archaeology’s in-house collection.

2.4 Site visit 2.4.1 The Site was visited on the 11th January 2021 with internal access gained to 2-4 South Parade. Site conditions are summarised below (see Section 3.1).

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2.4.2 The aim of the Site visit was to assess the general aspect, character, condition and setting of the Site and to identify any prior impacts not evident from secondary sources. The Site visit also sought to ascertain if the Site contained any previously unidentified features of archaeological, architectural or historic interest.

2.4.3 A key objective of the Site visit was the gathering of observations upon which to assess the potential for the development proposals to change the settings of heritage assets (see Section 6).

2.5 Assessment of significance 2.5.1 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) defines significance as: the value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. The interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset's physical presence, but also from its setting. For World Heritage Sites, the cultural value described within each site's Statement of Outstanding Universal Value forms part of its significance.

2.5.2 Current national guidance for the assessment of the significance of heritage assets is based on criteria provided by Historic England in Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment (English Heritage 2008). Within the guidance, significance is weighed by consideration of the potential for the asset to demonstrate differing 'values'.

2.5.3 These values are broadly analogous to the 'interests' defined by NPPF, which are used within this report, as per Statements of Heritage Significance: Analysing Significance in Heritage Assets (Historic England 2019). These are:

• Archaeological Interest: there will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially holds, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point.

• Architectural and Artistic Interest: these are interests in the design and general aesthetics of a place. They can arise from conscious design or fortuitously from the way the heritage asset has evolved. More specifically, architectural interest is an interest in the art or science of the design, construction, craftsmanship and decoration of buildings and structures of all types. Artistic interest is an interest in other human creative skill, like sculpture.

• Historic Interest: An interest in past lives and events (including prehistoric). Heritage assets can illustrate or be associated with them. Heritage assets with historic interest not only provide a material record of our nation's history but can also provide meaning for communities derived from their collective experience of a place and can symbolise wider values such as faith and cultural identity.

2.5.4 This assessment was also informed by the advice published by Historic England in the document entitled Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment: Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2 (2015).

2.6 Setting assessment 2.6.1 Annex 2 of the NPPF defines the setting of a heritage asset as:

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'the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.'

2.6.2 The setting assessment was guided by The Setting of Heritage Assets: Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (GPA 3; Historic England 2017), which states that:

'Setting is not itself a heritage asset, nor a heritage designation, although land comprising a setting may itself be designated…. Its importance lies in what it contributes to the significance of the heritage asset or to the ability to appreciate that significance.' (GPA 3, para. 9)

2.6.3 When undertaking settings assessment, intervisibility between the development and a heritage asset does not, in and off itself, constitute an adverse effect to significance. A specific adverse effect on the significance of an asset, occurring as a result of changes within its setting, must be identified in order for 'harm' to be deemed to occur.

2.6.4 GPA3 advocates a systematic and staged approach to the assessment of the effects of development:

• Step 1 of the approach is to 'identify which heritage assets and their settings are affected'

• Step 2 requires assessment of 'the degree to which these settings and views make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s) or allow significance to be appreciated'

• Step 3 is to 'assess the effects of the proposed development, whether beneficial or harmful, on the significance or on the ability to appreciate it'

• Step 4 is to explore ways to 'maximise enhancement and avoid or minimise harm'

• Step 5 is to 'make and document the decision and monitor outcomes'

2.6.5 For the purposes of this assessment, only Steps 1-4 of the process have been followed.

2.7 Assumptions and limitations 2.7.1 Data used to compile this report consists of secondary information derived from a variety of sources, only some of which have been directly examined for the purposes of this Study. The assumption is made that this data, as well as that derived from other secondary sources, is reasonably accurate.

2.7.2 The records held by the SYSMR are not a record of all surviving heritage assets, but a record of the discovery of a wide range of archaeological and historical components of the historic environment. The information held within it is not complete and does not preclude the subsequent discovery of further elements of the historic environment that are, at present, unknown.

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2.8 Copyright 2.8.1 This report may contain material that is non-Wessex Archaeology copyright (e.g., Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, Crown Copyright), or the intellectual property of third parties, which Wessex Archaeology are able to provide for limited reproduction under the terms of our own copyright licences, but for which copyright itself is non-transferable by Wessex Archaeology. Users remain bound by the conditions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with regard to multiple copying and electronic dissemination of the report.

3 BASELINE RESOURCE

3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 The following section provides a summary of the recorded historic environment within the Study Area, compiled from the sources summarised above and detailed in the references section of this report. The aim is to identify the known and potential components of the historic environment (heritage assets) that could be affected by the proposed development.

3.1.2 All heritage assets identified within the Study Area are listed in Appendix 3 with those relevant to the assessment shown referenced in the text below.

3.2 Site description 3.2.1 The Site is located within the Kelham Island area of Sheffield, approximately 700 m to the north-east of the city centre (Figure 1).

3.2.2 The Site is approximately 0.12 ha in size and is situated at an elevation of approximately 60 m above Ordnance Datum (aOD).

3.2.3 The Site is underlain by a solid bedrock geology comprising the Pennine Lower Coal Measures Formation which is overlain by superficial deposits of alluvium from the nearby River Don which covered all but the southern corner of the Site (British Geological Survey online).

3.3 Designated heritage assets 3.3.1 The northern section of the Site is located within the Kelham Island Conservation Area, although there are no designated heritage assets within the Site (Figure 1).

3.3.2 The closest designated heritage asset is the Grade II listed Williams Brothers of Sheffield (NHLE no. 1247393; Figure 1) which is an early 19th century Wesleyan Methodist Chapel with a later 19th century adjoining Sunday school. The building was later taken over by the expanding Williams Brothers industrial works which used the building as a warehouse until 1997, hence the naming on the NHLE.

3.3.3 Within the surrounding area there are a number of other designated heritage assets including the Grade II listed Crucible Workshop at Williams Brothers (NHLE no. 1392551), the Grade II* listed Entrance Gateway to Green Lane Works (NHLE no. 1255044), the Grade II* listed Globe Works (NHLE no. 1271128) and the Scheduled and Grade II listed Cementation Furnace (NHLE no. 1004791 & 1247524).

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3.4 Historical and archaeological background Prehistoric (970,000 BC–AD 43) to Romano-British (AD 43–410) 3.4.1 There are no finds or features dating from the prehistoric or Romano-British periods recorded by the SMR within the Site or Study Area and there is limited evidence for prehistoric activity within the area around Sheffield City Centre.

3.4.2 The Roman fort at Templeborough, Rotherham was constructed in c. AD 50 and is the closest known area of settlement to the Site during the Romano-British period. The route of a Roman road is recorded as running through the city to Templeborough from Brough in Derbyshire, although no evidence for the road has ever been identified within Sheffield City Centre.

Anglo-Saxon (AD 410–1066) and medieval (AD 1066–1500) 3.4.3 The settlement at Sheffield is recorded in the Domesday Book as a being quite small in size (opendomesday.org), However, its inclusion in the Domesday Book, which was the record of a survey of taxable assets carried out following the Norman Conquest of 1066, indicates its establishment some time prior to this. Its name is derived from a combination of two Old English words, ‘Sheaf’ meaning a boundary, and ‘feld’, meaning open country (University of Nottingham 2021).

3.4.4 Sheffield Castle was originally constructed in the early 12th century on top of the purported site of a three-bayed timber building which formed the administrative centre for the Anglo- Saxon settlement (Hey 1979). The Castle was destroyed in 1266 and later rebuilt in 1270 by Thomas de Furnival who was also responsible for establishing the settlement’s marketplace (ibid.).

3.4.5 There are no finds or features recorded by the SMR within the Site or Study Area which date to the Anglo-Saxon or medieval period. Later cartographic evidence indicates this area formed part of the agricultural hinterland for the settlement at Sheffield which was centred around the Castle, Cathedral and market located approximately 750 m south-east of the Site.

Post-medieval (AD 1500–1800) 3.4.6 Industry in Sheffield is recorded as far back as the 13th century, although it is likely to be much earlier as it was already a noted location for knife manufacturing (Hey 2005, 17). The growth of industry was largely due to the presence of fiver rivers which were used to power works via water wheels as well as the transportation of goods in and out (Hey 1991).

3.4.7 The primary metal worked in Sheffield was steel which was being formed in cementation furnaces in the 17th and 18th centuries, although this production technique was inefficient and led to steel of varying quality. The steel was mainly used in the production of cutlery and by the middle of the 17th century, Sheffield had a highly specialised workforce with three out of five men working within the cutlery industry (Hey 2005, 60). By the 18th century, Sheffield was at the forefront of technological advances in steel production which included the invention of the process to create crucible steel by Benjamin Huntsman. Steel produced in the crucible furnaces was of significantly better quality than that previously produced using the cementation process.

3.4.8 The former sites of the purported first cementation furnace (SMR ref. 05537; Figure 2), which was in place by 1716, and possibly the first crucible furnace (05759), in operation from 1760, in Sheffield are both located within the Study Area, approximately 230 m south- east and 50 m south of the Site respectively. The presence of the early 18th century

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cementation furnace is thought to have led to the naming of its surrounding area as ‘Furnace Hill’.

3.4.9 The focus of steel production was along the banks of the River Don immediately to the north of the main settlement centre, which included the Kelham Island Area. However, the initial development of Kelham Island was much earlier and came in the form of corn and textile mills with the first reference made to the Kelham grinding wheel and mill (01691/01; Figure 2) in 1604. Documentary evidence suggests that this original wheel was destroyed in the 1650s, and later rebuilt.

3.4.10 The area continued to see this kind of development with the Kelham Mill (01690/01; Figure 2) constructed in 1758 which was initially used for silk production before being converted into a cotton mill (01691/02) in the late 18th century. The mill went on to become the Poor House in the early 19th century before being converted back to a corn mill (01690/03) in 1864. The mill was demolished in 1946.

3.4.11 Beyond Furnace Hill to the south, the settlement at Sheffield began to develop beyond its medieval extent in the mid-17th century into the area known as “The Crofts” which extended to Upper Allen Street (Belford 2001). By the 18th century, the Crofts was a densely packed area with a range of industrial activities being undertaken as well as being used for housing (ibid.). Recent excavations at Hollis Croft (Wessex Archaeology 2017; Figure 3), located approximately 420 m south of the Site, uncovered the remains of two well-preserved mid- to-late 19th century cementation furnaces along with worker’s housing and public houses.

3.4.12 While this development was taking place to the south, late 18th century cartographic evidence from the 1771 Fairbank Map of Sheffield (Accessed via Picture Sheffield) indicates the Site lay within an area known as ‘Long Croft’.

3.4.13 By the latter decades of the 18th century, the surrounding area began to see more intensive development with a number of large industrial works established. This includes the now Grade II* listed Cornish Place Works (NHLE no. 1270962 & 1270928), located approximately 320 m north-west of the Site which was an integrated steel and cutlery works where a number of process, both powered and unpowered, were gathered together on the one site.

19th century (1801 – 1900) 3.4.14 Mapping from the early 19th century indicates the Site was still undeveloped by 1808 (Sheffield by W and J Fairbank; not reproduced), however, it does show that Bowling Green Street had been laid out with a number of small buildings visible to the south along Moor Fields. The Site clearly lay just outside of the ever-increasing city limits and a number of new/planned streets including Blue Boy Street and Shepherd Street are noted indicating further development was imminent.

3.4.15 By 1838, White’s map of Sheffield (accessed via Picture Sheffield; not reproduced) the Site is shown to have been entirely developed along with the rest of the surrounding area. Detail relating to the layout of the buildings on the Site, however, is not visible from available online sources until the 1853 Ordnance Survey Town Plan (Accessed online) or on reproducible sources until the 1894 Ordnance Survey Map (Figure 4).

3.4.16 In 1853, the Site includes a number of buildings located along Ward Street and Bowling Green Street with a range of buildings fronting onto Ebenezer Square noted as ‘South Parade’. The area is later occupied by 2-4 South Parade is shown as a walled yard with access provided from Bowling Green Street and Ebenezer Square. It is not known who

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occupied or used the yard at this time, however, Ashberry’s Metal Works’ is located on the opposite side of Ebenezer Square and fronting Bowling Green Street (SMR ref. 05479; Figure 2).

3.4.17 Ashberry’s was established in 1829 and was originally based in Copper Street in Furnace Hill. They later moved to Bowling Green Street and, by 1849, were described in a contemporary trade directory advertisement as maker of spoons, tea, and coffee pots, and rolled tin (see hawleysheffieldknives.com https://www.hawleysheffieldknives.com/n- fulldetails.php?val=a&kel=346 accessed 25th January 2021). These were flatware (spoons and forks) and hollow-ware (dishes, bowls, teapots etc.) products which accompanied the cutlery trade, making matching items to form entire dining sets. Later, the firm also expanded into electro-plating, and registered silver marks in 1872 and 1892.

3.4.18 Following the demolition of the main Ashberry’s site, excavations carried out uncovered three ranges of brick-built and steel-framed buildings dating to the late 19th to mid-20th centuries (ARCUS 2006; Figure 3).

3.4.19 By the time of the 1890 OS Town Plan (not reproducible), coinciding with the Ashberry’s expansion into electro-plating, the former yard has been developed with ranges of buildings set around a central yard, and is labelled as ‘Ashberry’s Metal Works’, expanding their site located across the road which is also labelled as such. The new site fronted South Parade, the former Ebenezer Square having now been renamed, and included a cart passage accessing the central yard through the principal range. The general layout can be seen on the 1894 OS map (Figure 4), although in less detail and without the works’ being labelled.

3.4.20 The remainder of the Site at this time includes buildings generally arranged around two internal courtyards (Courts 1 and 3) with back-to-back housing fronting South Parade between Ashberry’s Metal Works and a building marked as a ‘school’. Along Ward Street are further buildings arranged around two yards, accessed via cart passages from Ward Street. The composition of the Site is similar along Bowling Green Street, although there are no cart passages suggesting the courtyards to the rear were accessed via South Parade or Ward Street. These are most likely small-scale industrial works associated with the cutlery and steel industries.

3.4.21 Beyond the Site and its immediate environs, the SMR records multiple works in Kelham Island relating to the steel and cutlery industry including the site of the former Eagle Works/Green Lane Works which later became part of the Globe Steel Works (05483; Figures 1 and 2). The main entrance gate is the only element that remains of the former works site and is Grade II* listed (NHLE no.1255044), although a programme of historic building recording and subsequent archaeological excavations prior to redevelopment, (not yet recorded within the SMR), uncovered substantial remains of the 19th century works buildings (Figure 3).

3.4.22 In the mid-19th century, Kelham Island was not just an area comprising industrial buildings, as its development included industry interspersed with living accommodation. This mainly consisted of back-to-back houses like those excavated at Dun Street (05691; Wessex Archaeology 2015; Figures 2 and 3), and by amenities. Amenities included the now Grade II listed Fat Cat public house (NHLE no. 1388269; Figure 1), shops, school, like the building adjacent to the Site along South Parade and churches, like the former Ebenezer Chapel (now Grade II listed as Williams Brothers). The ever-increasing demands of industrial production led to the demolition of much of the back-to-back housing to make way for expanding works, displacing the population to other parts of the city (Sheffield City Council 1999).

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Modern (1901 – Present) 3.4.23 The Site remained relatively unchanged throughout the earlier decades of the 20th century as is shown on the 1924 Ordnance Survey Map (Figure 5). The industrial prowess of Sheffield and its steel industry continued to grow in the first half of the 20th century, largely thanks to the requirements of the military during both the First and Second World Wars.

3.4.24 The latter half of the 20th century, however, saw significant decline in industry across the country. By the 1950s (1954 OS Map; not reproducible), the back-to-back housing along South Parade has been removed while many of the individual units have been merged together, this is most visible on the buildings fronting onto Ward Street. The building at 2-4 South Parade, however, appear to have either been sub-divided or elements demolished and replaced with new units.

3.4.25 By the 1960s, the whole Site is now shown to be occupied with works buildings including the courtyard to the rear of 2-4 South Parade. Historic mapping from the 1970s (Figure 6) shows the redeveloped Site which comprises small-scale industrial buildings, some of which remain extant. While the buildings on the Site originally formed separate works, the Site is now under the same ownership and comprises a single works. The amalgamation and redevelopment of the Site has led to all of the units now being interconnected with each other.

3.4.26 During the 21st century, the Kelham Island area has been subject to significant redevelopment with numerous apartment blocks and associated amenities erected. While some buildings from the 19th century remain having been renovated, as is the case with the Grade II* listed Cornish Works buildings (NHLE no. 1270962), a substantial proportion of its industrial character has been removed.

4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST AND SIGNIFICANCE

4.1 Interest and significance 4.1.1 Through the consideration of available cartographic evidence, the evidence gathered from the SMR, the NHLE and from historic cartographic sources our understanding of the archaeological potential within the Site is good.

4.1.2 The primary archaeological remains will be associated with the former 19th century buildings visible on historic mapping which includes a number of back-to-back terraced houses arranged around courtyards to their rear which were common features of this area. Examples of these terraced houses have been excavated in Kelham Island in recent years (Wessex Archaeology 2015) so our understanding of the associated archaeological remains is very good. Any such remains uncovered may contribute to the understanding and significance of the of the industrial development at a local level and the living and working conditions of 19th century Sheffield.

4.1.3 Currently, there is a lack of definitive evidence for the presence or absence of remains from other periods within the Site. Historic mapping indicates the Site was part of an agricultural area prior to its development in the late 18th and early 19th century and excavations in the Kelham Island area have uncovered some limited evidence of this former landscape in the form of buried soils (Wessex Archaeology 2015). There is therefore a potential, albeit low, for similar remains to be present within the Site which may contribute to the understanding and significance of the post-medieval agricultural landscape at a local level

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to be present, albeit likely to be at significant depths below the current ground level and unlikely to be disturbed by the construction of the proposed development. However, any such remains uncovered would contribute to the understanding and significance of the of the prehistoric landscape at a local level.

4.2 Conditions for survival 4.2.1 The Site was mostly developed in the 1830s, with the corner plot now occupied by 2-4 South Parade developed later in the mid-19th century, and has remained so since. Aside from the building at 2-4 South Parade, all the other buildings dating to the 19th century have been either demolished with modern structures replacing them, or substantially altered. The construction of the modern buildings will have caused some disturbance or truncation to any potential archaeological remains, particularly to those from the 19th century.

4.2.2 However, previous investigations in the surrounding area including at Dun Street (Wessex Archaeology 2015), on the site of the former Ashberry’s Metal Works which was located opposite the Site (ARCUS 2006) and at the site of the former Green Lane Works along Green Lane (currently not recorded on the SMR) have uncovered well preserved archaeological remains from the 19th century in areas with later development. This is consistent with the general levels of preservation present across Sheffield and is highly likely to be the case within the Site.

4.3 Potential effect of the development 4.3.1 The current design proposals require the demolition of the existing buildings, including the non-designated asset of 2-4 South Parade, and the erection of a new five-storey apartment block.

4.3.2 This will require large scale excavation for foundations, services and utilities etc. which is likely to lead to significant disturbance/truncation of any surviving archaeological remains.

5 BUILT HERITAGE

5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 There are two principal considerations regarding built heritage within the Site, namely the presence of an extant mid-to-late 19th century set of buildings at 2-4 South Parade (themselves considered to constitute a non-designated heritage asset) which are now part of an interconnected set of associated structures which form a single works, and the position of approximately half of the Site within the Kelham Island Conservation Area. No.s 2-4 South Parade lie within the Conservation Area Boundary.

5.1.2 Historically, the Site comprised a number of discrete works, with a row of back-to-back housing fronting onto South Parade, while Nos. 2-4 South Parade were originally constructed as part of the former Ashberry’s Metal Works which lay to the north-east of South Parade. By the mid-to-late 20th century however, the former housing had been removed, and the entire Site area had been brought into the ownership of the Site’s current owners, Aircraft & Commercial Tools (Sheffield) Limited, with a large interconnected factory floor enveloping much of the Site area. The former Ashberry’s Metal Works north-east of South Parade were replaced by the Debesco Works by the mid-20th century.

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5.2 2-4 South Parade Description 5.2.1 2-4 South Parade comprises a late 19th-century purpose-built complex of two-storey brick- built buildings covered with a modern cement render which have been altered and extended in response to changing functions, process flows and technological advancements (Plates 1-3). It is situated on the south end and western side of South Parade. Information from available late 19th century mapping indicates the complex within the Site was constructed by 1890 and was part of the ‘Ashberry’s Metal Works’ located directly opposite the Site to the north-east. Nos. 2-4 South Parade was formed by three ranges, at the intersection of South Parade and Bowling Green Street, et around a central courtyard, accessed via a cart passage from the principal range fronting north-east onto South Parade. This was a typical arrangement in Sheffield for works associated with the steel and cutlery industries and is similar to the layout of the main complex of Ashberry’s Metal Works across the road.

5.2.2 The Ashberry’s Metal Works main complex across the road is depicted on the 1853 OS Town Plan (viewed online), with the addition later built within the Site (Nos. 2-4 South Parade) infilling what was an open yard area. The main component of Ashberry’s Metal Works north-east of South Parade appears to have been the location for the principal industrial processes associated with the production of flatware and hollow-ware, as well as a public rolling mill. 2-4 South Parade most likely functioned as offices and perhaps warehousing with other un-powered processes, as no evidence for powered processes or industrial remains were noted during the Site visit. It is not known which of the two Ashberry’s sites were undertaking the electro-plating process, but it was most likely undertaken within their main site. The three ranges which form Nos. 2-4 South Parade are labelled on Figure 7, and comprise the Bowling Green Street range to the southeast, the South Parade range to the northeast, and the northern range to the northwest, with a former yard area, now roofed over, to their rear.

5.2.3 The three ranges comprising Nos. 2-4 South Parade are poorly preserved. A later cement render has been added to the principal elevations fronting Bowling Green Street and South Parade, most likely to cover later alterations, but it is now beginning to deteriorate. The majority of the original openings remain ornamented by stone sills and lintels, although all have modern replacement doors and windows, whilst some have been blocked, removed, or altered to varying degrees of aesthetic quality and finish. In addition, the use of modern steel roller shutters to openings has also had a detrimental effect. The roof covering comprises replacement corrugated asbestos sheeting, with the original slates having been lost in the mid-to-late 20th century. A single chimney stack breaks the roof line of the South Parade range, with the remainder of original stacks most likely having been truncated or removed.

5.2.4 From within the former courtyard, now covered over and incorporated into the factory floor to the south-west, elements of the rear elevations of the three ranges survive, though again in a deteriorated state of repair. The former window openings are blocked and, to the west elevation of the South Parade range, the ground floor has been opened up to form a continuation of the existing factory floor (the wall above being carried by a modern RSJ – Plate 4). The north elevation of the Bowling Green Street range is largely occluded by a later extension, containing a kitchen (Plate 5), with utility room over. Three windows to the upper floor of the northern range retain original six-over-six timber sash windows; this is the best preserved of the courtyard elevations (Plate 6).

5.2.5 Internally, the range fronting onto Bowling Green Street, which functions as the building’s principal access at this time, is the best preserved. To the ground floor, the main entrance

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leads to a small lobby, with original tongue and groove panelling and an original stone staircase protected by steel balusters with a timber handrail and newel post (Plate 7). Single office rooms are situated to the east and west of the lobby, presently a reception and office (Plates 8 and 9). The room to the west is better preserved, retaining original tongue and groove panelling and window architraves, while the room to the east has been stripped of its original finishes. To the first floor, two rooms are arranged off the stair landing. To the east is an office, which retains an original chimney breast (though the fireplace has been blocked; Plate 10). To the west, the original single room has been divided by later stud- walling to form a small kitchen and bedroom (Plates 11 and 12). As with the ground floor, original window architraves survive here (Plate 13). To the north-west of the kitchen, an inserted doorway (within a former window opening) leads to the modern extension within the former courtyard, with utilities and storage.

5.2.6 Within the South Parade range, the ground floor interior has been largely removed to accommodate a garage and modern welding shop, and is subdivided by modern stud walls with part of its south-west wall being opened-up to the factory floor beyond (Plates 4, 14 - 16). Two W.C.s have been constructed to the courtyard-side of the former cart passage of the range (Plate 17). The upper floor of the range is accessed via the northern range. The upper floor of the South Parade range comprises a series of storage rooms with modern finishes throughout (Plate 20). Chimney breasts remain, though former fireplaces are blocked.

5.2.7 The northern range, originally accessed via the South Parade range, or externally from the former courtyard, features a single storage room at ground-floor level with blocked window openings, and a workshop on the first floor. An original stone stair, similar to that within the Bowling Green Street range, is situated within the east end of the northern range (Plate 18). The stair’s landing, which provides access to the first floor of the South Parade range, retains an original timber-framed sash window, partially boarded up (Plate 19). The first- floor workshop retains original timber floors and sash windows within timber frames and has most recently been used for woodworking (Plate 21). The room, which has not been used for several years, is in a dilapidated state of repair, with crumbling plaster and damage to the ceiling and flooring due to water ingress.

Significance 5.2.8 2-4 South Parade derives its significance primarily from its historic interest, being illustrative of the once large and common place Sheffield steel and cutlery manufacturing industry in the Kelham Island area, and forming part of the former Ashberry Metal Works. It has some architectural interest also, albeit impacted by unsympathetic repair and alteration, which contributes to a tangible sense of place and a link back to the former operations dominating the surrounding area, including the retained larger integrated complexes that remain in the Kelham Island Conservation Area (all designated assets). The physical fabric of the building provides evidence of its past use, development and architectural features associated with 19th-century industry, contributing to its archaeological interest. The small to medium scale of the building and the legibility of its original layout contribute to its significance, and provides evidence for former process flow and its intrinsic relationship with the larger Ashberry’s site across the road. Similarly, the limited structural remains within the centre of the Site have some historic and archaeological interest, attesting to the past character and function of the Site as a whole.

5.2.9 2-4 South Parade have been subjected to numerous changes and adaptations, which have negatively impacted its significance. Externally, the building has been covered in a modern cement render, windows and doors have been blocked or replaced, the roof has been recovered with corrugated asbestos, and only a single chimney stack remains. Internally, 12 Doc ref 242400.02 Issue 3, Feb 2021

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the building has been altered to meet modern functional and domestic uses, though it retains some features of limited interest (such as original panelling and in some cases windows). With no obvious evidence for power transmission within the buildings, it is most likely the buildings forming part of the Ashberry’s Metal Works functioned as offices, finishing-off, packing, warehousing, showrooms etc., although may have also included silversmithing or etching processes. .

5.2.10 In addition, the link with the former larger and original Ashberry’s Metal Works site across the road has been lost following its demolition and replacement in the mid-20th century with the Debesco Works, and subsequent modern redevelopment in the early 21st century. The loss of this association has also negatively affected the significance of Nos. 2-4 South Parade, once forming part of a much larger and intrinsically connected works complex, both in its historic interest as well as its architectural interest. Now in isolation, the ability to understand and appreciate that connection and its place within the wider industrial process has been lost.

5.3 Additional buildings on the Site Description 5.3.1 Beyond the extents of the principal ranges forming Nos. 2-4 South Parade, only very limited remains of earlier structures survive within the Site. These comprise part of a 19th-century structure (Plate 22) in the centre of the Site, and an attached section of wall to its south- east (Plate 23), both of which retain (blocked) window openings in places. The structure likely dates to between 1853 and 1890, when development within its location is first shown on historic mapping. The original function of this building is not clear, though evidence for powered industrial processes were not apparent. The structure has been heavily altered, with large modern openings inserted to open the building up to the wider factory floor and any associated fittings and fixings having been removed. Sections of walls have been truncated where they formerly extended from the building; being associated with now demolished perpendicular ranges. Other sections of walls here appear to be an amalgam of phases of construction, relating to various iterations of the Site, and being much altered.

5.3.2 A block phased plan of the Site, demonstrating where earlier walls survive beyond the 2-4 South Parade complex, is included as Figure 7.

Significance 5.3.3 The other structural remains within the Site are of very limited significance, owing to the extent of alteration and demolition, leaving a barely legible skeleton of a walls which have been incorporated into later phases of development.

5.4 Potential effects of the development 5.4.1 The proposed development necessitates the demolition of 2-4 South Parade, which will permanently remove all of its historic and architectural interest. As a result, this will lead to a total loss of its significance and will equate to harm to a non-designated heritage asset in line with the criteria set out in paragraph 197 of NPPF.

5.4.2 Paragraph 197 states that the loss of the non-designated heritage assets should form part of a balanced judgement where the benefits of the proposed development should be taken into account when determining an application where harm will occur to a non-designated heritage asset.

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5.4.3 The loss of 2-4 South Parade could be successfully and proportionately mitigated through a programme of building recording. While that mitigation will partially offset the loss of the asset, it cannot entirely remove the harm to its significance.

5.5 Kelham Island Conservation Area Description 5.5.1 The Kelham Island Conservation Area is located to the north of the centre of Sheffield and encompasses an area approximately 30 ha in size. The Conservation Area is situated in the valley which surrounds the River Don and is focused around the man-made mill race originally established in the 17th century to power the original Kelham Mill. The historic development of the area is set out within Section 3.4. The Conservation Area was established to encapsulate the historic character of its historic development in the 19th century which comprised industrial buildings interspersed with recreational and domestic structures to support the working population. The development Site lies on the western boundary of the Area.

5.5.2 The appearance of the Conservation Area, therefore, is one that is grounded in large scale, industrial buildings interspersed with smaller units sometimes arranged around courtyards which was a common feature of Sheffield’s industrial townscape. The overriding materials of the historic buildings is red brick with local sandstone detailing and slate roofs. The presence of the river and the artificial mill race within the Conservation Area gives distinct view and vistas which are particularly well appreciated from one of the three bridges which cross from one side to the other. These views are particularly important as the allow the 19th century industrial character to be appreciated in conjunction with a hint of the earlier, semi-industrial character which preceded it that is exemplified by the water management provided by the mill race.

5.5.3 The Conservation Area contains some impressive examples of industrial architecture which are now individually protected as designated heritage assets and include the Grade II* listed Globe Works which sits in a prominent location on the southern edge of the Conservation Area along Penistone Road, the Grade II* listed Cornish Works located on the southern bank of the river at Ball Street and Grade II* listed Entranceway of the former Green Lane Works which is located on Green Lane.

5.5.4 Over the past 50 years, and in particular the last 20 years, the Kelham Island Conservation Area has seen a large degree of change which has altered its appearance whereby the homogenic industrial units, leisure facilities and domestic structures has been replaced with a mixture of buildings which is now dominated by large scale modern developments which are primarily residential. This recent alteration is not reflected in the Statement of Special Interest (Sheffield City Council 1999)

5.5.5 While the appearance of the Conservation Area has ultimately been altered by the modern development, the outstanding quality of the major historic buildings couples with the importance of the river serves to retain a strong industrial character which can still be read amongst the inconsistent massing and character of the residential blocks (Plates 23 - 25). It is this industrial character and the interspersed areas of historic appearance which contribute to the Conservation Area’s significance.

5.5.6 However, the loss of much of the former historic built environment within the Conservation Area both in the mid- to late 20th century, and through more recent large-scale redevelopment of the area, has unmistakably had a negative impact on both the character

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and appearance of the Conservation Area since the production of the Statement of Special Interest in 1999.

The Site and the Kelham Island Conservation Area 5.5.7 Half of the Site is located within the Conservation Area which includes the non-designated heritage asset, 2-4 South Parade.

5.5.8 The current appearance of the Conservation Area within the Site’s immediate proximity exemplifies the piecemeal approach to redevelopment. The 19th century structures of 2-4 South Parade sit within an area containing large-scale modern developments, interspersed with other historic elements like the Grade II listed Williams Brothers of Sheffield approximately 40 m to the north-east, and late 20th century industrial units like those which comprise the remainder of the Site both within, and outside of the Conservation Area.

5.5.9 Beyond the buildings at 2-4 South Parade, the remainder of the buildings within the Site which lie within the Conservation Area make no contribution to its character and negatively affect is appearance.

5.5.10 2-4 South Parade appears to be one of the last remaining buildings of any historic date that demonstrate the former small to medium-scale industries within the Conservation Area. As such, it makes a contribution to significance of the Conservation Area in terms of both its historic industrial character and appearance. This contribution is, however, limited partially by the limited extent to which the building is visible (effectively only along the southern end of South Parade itself, and along Bowling Green Road) and it is divorced from the core of the Area by modern development, including the building directly opposite it on the eastern side of South Parade. The modern development within the Area, including in close proximity to No.s 2-4 South Parade, serves to prevent there being a consistent character within the Area (at least in terms of the small to medium scale industrial character is once had), and limit the contribution made by this building to its character and appearance.

Potential effects of the development 5.5.11 The potential effects of the development on the Conservation Area are two-fold: loss of the non-designated heritage asset 2-4 South Parade and the introduction of a new, modern development into the Conservation Area.

5.5.12 The proposed development would result in the complete loss of the existing buildings within the Site, inclusive of Nos. 2-4 South Parade which have constitute a non-designated heritage asset in their own right, by virtue of their historic interest. The loss of these buildings in particular is considered to be harm, but this harm should be balanced in the planning judgement in line with Paragraph 197 of the NPPF.

5.5.13 As a remaining element of the 19th century industrial landscape, the loss of No.s 2-4 South Parade will have an effect on the appearance of the Conservation Area and on its character.

5.5.14 The effect on the appearance of the Conservation Area through the removal of 2-4 South Parade will be very limited as recent modern development has served to dilute the overall appearance of the Area. The elements of its appearance which contribute to its significance are best appreciated through the large remaining 19th century industrial structures, their association with each other and the small number of leisure and residential buildings within the Conservation Area and with the River.

5.5.15 The loss of the non-designated heritage asset 2-4 South Parade, a remaining element of the 19th century townscape, will have an effect on the character of the Conservation Area.

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As the building is one of only a few which demonstrate the former small to medium scale industries which formed an important part of the development of the area in the 19th century, its loss will further erode the overall historic character, leading to harm on a designated heritage asset.

5.5.16 As the character is primarily vested in the larger remaining works and their association with the river, and taking into account the erosion of the character and appearance of the Area since the Area Statement was written (and in particular in the vicinity of the proposed Site), this harm will be less than substantial as the significance embroiled in that character will still be appreciable. That less than substantial harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal as set out within paragraph 195 of NPPF.

5.5.17 .

6 SETTING ASSESSMENT

6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 The scoping exercise aims to identify any designated heritage assets (Figure 1) that could experience an impact (either beneficial or harmful) through development within their setting.

6.2 Scoping exercise (Step 1) 6.2.1 The scoping process was undertaken primarily by means of a GIS analysis combined with observations made during the Site visit. This was also done in conjunction with consideration of significance of potentially affected assets, and an appraisal of the degree of change likely to arise from the development proposals.

6.2.2 The following designated heritage assets have been scoped in for further setting assessment, on the basis of the potential for a loss of significance through a reduction in the contribution made by their settings to that significance, as a result of a change within their setting resulting from the development within the Site:

• The Grade II listed William Brothers of Sheffield (NHLE no. 1247393);

• The Grade II listed Crucible Workshop at Former Williams Brothers (NHLE no. 1392551); and

• The Grade II listed Fat Cat (NHLE no.1388269).

6.2.3 The remainder of the designated heritage assets within the surrounding area, including the Grade II* listed Entrance Gateway to Green Lane Works (NHLE no, 1255044), the Grade II* listed Globe Works (NHLE no. 1271128) and the Scheduled and Grade II listed Cementation Furnace (NHLE no. 1004791 & 1247524), have been scoped out of any further assessment.

6.2.4 These assets have been scoped out as any contribution made by their setting to their significance will not be altered by the proposed development. In particular, none of these assets have a setting that is contingent on visual links to other assets and the former industrial character of the surrounding area has been so diluted by modern development that any visual link which may have existed is now either entirely blocked or fundamentally altered. Therefore, the addition of a new modern development within their vicinity will not lead to any change in the setting of any of these assets.

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6.3 Setting – (Steps 2 and 3) 6.3.1 Step 2 GPA3 requires assessment of ‘the degree to which these settings and views make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s) or allow significance to be appreciated’.

6.3.2 This section will therefore assess the significance of the heritage asset, and the contribution made by setting to that significance, for those assets scoped in for further assessment.

6.4 William Brothers of Sheffield (NHLE no. 1247393) Description 6.4.1 The asset is located approximately 20 m to the north of the Site on a corner plot between Green Lane, Ebenezer Place and South Parade. It is an early 19th century former Wesleyan Methodist Chapel with a later 19th century adjoining Sunday school which is currently used as a warehouse. It is constructed from locally sourced coursed, squared stone in a Gothic Style and features a number of distinct architectural features like a crenelated parapet and octagonal corner piers. The Sunday school was added in 1883 and is a distinct addition wrapping around the north-western end of the chapel building.

Setting 6.4.2 The setting of the asset is defined by its position within the mixed urban streetscape which is characterised by interspersed large scale modern developments, exemplified by the two four storey buildings to the north-west and south east, sporadic 19th century buildings like 2-4 South Parade and late 20th century industrial buildings like those on Ebenezer Street/Acorn Street. The asset’s setting has become increasingly modern over the past 20 years as part of the development and regeneration of the area with a particular focus on residential blocks.

Significance 6.4.3 The significance of the asset is derived primarily from its historic and architectural interest as a remaining element of the 19th century industrial character of the area. In particular, the building represents the development of amenities in the area to serve the local workforce which lived in the area during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Contribution of setting to the significance of the asset 6.4.4 The setting of the asset does not make a contribution to its significance. The surrounding streetscape within which it lies has lost much of its former industrial character whereby the modern buildings rather than the historic are predominant. There is no association made with its surroundings upon which its significance is contingent, nor with which it is increased or enhanced.

Potential effects of the development 6.4.5 As the setting of the asset determined by its location within a modern urban streetscape which has seen substantial change in the last 20 years it is not dependent on any deliberate visual association with any other assets, contemporary or otherwise. The special interest of the asset, its historic and architectural interest as part of the former industrial streetscape, is still clearly be appreciable within the current urban character.

6.4.6 As a result, the introduction of the proposed development will not lead to a change in how that appreciation or to how the asset’s significance is understood. There is therefore no potential for a loss of significance through the construction of the proposed development.

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6.4.7 The non-designated asset 2-4 South Parade makes no discernible contribution to the significance of the asset leading to no loss of significance from its demolition.

6.5 Crucible Workshop at Former Williams Brothers (NHLE no. 1392551) Description 6.5.1 The asset is located approximately 100 m to the north-west of the Site on the corner of Dun Fields and Green Lane. It comprises the remains of a crucible furnace which was known as a ‘melting shop’ constructed between 1864 and 1868. The furnace was unlike many others across Sheffield as it was specifically used in the production of non-ferrous metals and is noted within the listing description as having been initially occupied by F. Binge, a brass caster. By 1870, Williams Brothers had taken over the works complex within which the furnace was located and was listed around 10 years later as a ‘nut and bolt manufacturer’. Williams Brothers expanded into the surrounding area over the course of the 20th century before finally vacating the premises in 1997.

Setting 6.5.2 The setting of the asset is defined by the surrounding recent development which has enveloped the asset to the point where it is barely visible from the surroundings streets whilst also removing much of the 19th century works buildings. These blocks form a courtyard within which the asset its situated and where its historic and architectural interest are best appreciated. While this envelopment is close to its original setting, the modern buildings attest to the substantial development and regeneration of the area within the last 20 years and to the wider mixed urban streetscape.

Significance 6.5.3 The significance of the asset is derived from its historic interest as one of only approximately 18 surviving examples of crucible furnaces in Sheffield, and in particular, as it was used for the casting of non-ferrous metals which us unlike the majority of the furnaces which were used for steel alloys. The asset has been subject to extensive alteration, although still retains its stack, melting holes and its cellar.

Contribution of setting to the significance of the asset 6.5.4 The setting of the asset does not contribute to its significance. However, the current setting does allow the asset to be appreciated in an environment more akin to its original setting than the previous unenclosed environment which was present before the recent redevelopment. In this instance, its setting does not contribute to its significance but equally does not detract from it.

Potential effects of the development 6.5.5 As the setting of the asset does not make a contribution to its significance, the proposed development will not lead to a change in how that appreciation or to how the asset’s significance is understood. The asset is best appreciated at close proximity where its historic architectural interest as a rare surviving example of the former industrial process undertaken here can be understood.

6.5.6 The non-designated asset 2-4 South Parade makes no discernible contribution to the significance of the asset leading to no loss of significance from its demolition.

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6.6 The Fat Cat (NHLE no. 1388269) Description 6.6.1 The Fat Cat is located approximately 145 m to the north-east of the Site fronting onto Alma Street. It is a public house and former hotel, formerly named the Alma Hotel, constructed from red-brick in the mid-19th century. The pub is located on a corner site with two bars at the front separated by a corridor with a terrazzo floor. Other interesting features include the mosaic floor in the lobby which reads ‘CANNON ALES’, thought to date to around 1912 when it was taken over by William Stones Ltd, and a clock under a rounded pediment purported to have been brought to the pub from a Co-op butchers in Rotherham. The pub was renamed the Fat Cat in 1981.

Setting 6.6.2 The setting of the asset is defined by is roadside position on Alma Street where the relict street pattern clearly indicates it was originally situated on a corner (historic mapping notes this as the corner of Alma Street and Cotton Mill Walk). Its immediate surroundings are generally characterised by modern residential development, particularly the large housing development at Little Kelham to the north-west, and by undeveloped land, like the car park for the nearby brewery to the north and the wasteland to the south. Like much of Kelham, the character of the asset’s setting is one of a mixed urban streetscape which includes some elements of the former 19th century industrial landscape, including the buildings of the Former Russell Works to the north.

Significance 6.6.3 The asset derives its significance from its historic and architectural interest as a well preserved and little altered example of a mid-19th century pub and hotel.

Contribution of setting to the significance of the asset 6.6.4 While the mixed urban streetscape which defines the asset’s immediate setting does not make any meaningful contribution to its significance, the asset is perhaps best appreciated through the spatial proximity and visual relationship between the asset and the nearby former Russell Works which is now part of the Kelham Island Industrial Museum and a Grade II listed building (NHLE no. 1392387). This overt relationship allows the pub to be directly understood as part of the former industrial landscape where it would have provided leisure for the working men and accommodation for travellers. This relationship is of particular importance as the general character of the area has been diluted over the past 20 years through modern development. This element of its setting, therefore, contributes to the significance of the asset.

Potential effects of the proposed development 6.6.5 The proposed development will be located approximately 150 m to the south-west of the Fat Cat and will not result in a change to the key relationship between the pub and the immediate historic industrial buildings which form its setting and contribute to its significance. The proposed development will be an addition into the existing mixed urban streetscape and the character of this part of the Conservation Area and the character of the setting of the public house will remain effectively unchanged. Therefore, the construction of the proposed development will not lead to a loss of significance, nor the ability to appreciate that significance within its setting.

6.6.6 The non-designated asset 2-4 South Parade makes no discernible contribution to the significance of the asset, which will not be reduced as a result of its demolition.

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7 CONCLUSIONS

7.1 Archaeological interest 7.1.1 This assessment has determined that there is archaeological interest within the Site characterised as a very high potential for features relating to the former 19th century buildings to survive within the development footprint, with a lower potential for archaeological remains of earlier periods to survive.

7.1.2 Overall, there are no indications that, if present, any archaeological resource within the Site would be so complex, rare, and well-preserved so as to elevate its significance and preclude development therein. It is considered that any harm to archaeological remains (should they survive) can be mitigated by the implementation of an appropriate programme of archaeological investigation in response to a planning condition.

7.1.3 Due to a lack of previous archaeological investigation, further assessment in the form of intrusive excavation is likely to be required by the Principal Archaeologist at South Yorkshire Archaeology Service.

7.2 Built heritage 2-4 South Parade 7.2.1 The Site contains the non-designated heritage asset of numbers 2-4 South Parade, and some minor structural remains within the centre of the Site. The building derives its significance primarily from its historic interest, being illustrative of the once large and common place Sheffield steel and cutlery manufacturing industry in the Kelham Island area, and forming part of the former Ashberry Metal Works. It has some architectural interest also, albeit reduced by unsympathetic repair and alteration. The physical fabric of the building provides evidence of its past use, development and architectural features associated with 19th-century industry, contributing to its archaeological interest. Similarly, the limited structural remains within the centre of the Site have some historic and archaeological interest, attesting to the past character and function of the Site as a whole.

7.2.2 The buildings, although representative of one of the last remaining 19th-century medium scale industrial complexes in the Kelham Island area, are not considered to be of a special quality or interest in their own right. Better and more complete examples of such industrial works can be found elsewhere in the city such as the Titanic Works at Sheffield 3, the Don Cutlery Works on Doncaster Street and the Kutrite Works on Snow Lane.

7.2.3 As the asset is a non-designated heritage asset and the proposed development requires its demolition, this will result in a total loss of its significance. This total loss will equate to harm in line with the criteria set out in paragraph 197 of NPPF. This loss should form part of a balanced judgement where the benefits of the proposed development should be taken into account when determining an application where harm will occur to a non-designated heritage asset.

7.2.4 The loss of 2-4 South Parade could be successfully and proportionately mitigated through a programme of building recording. While that mitigation will partially offset the loss of the asset, it cannot entirely remove the harm to its significance.

Kelham Island Conservation Area 7.2.5 The Site lies partially within the Kelham Island Conservation Area including the non- designated heritage asset No. 2-4 South Parade. Its character and appearance from which it draws its significance is mainly held in the large remaining 19th century industrial

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structures, their association with each other and the small number of leisure and residential buildings within the Conservation Area and with the River.

7.2.6 Beyond the buildings at 2-4 South Parade, the remainder of the buildings within the Site which lie within the Conservation Area make no contribution to its character and negatively affect is appearance.

7.2.7 2-4 South Parade appears to be one of the last remaining buildings of any historic date that demonstrate the former small to medium-scale industries within the Conservation Area. As such, it makes a contribution to significance of the Conservation Area through both its character and appearance. This contribution is, however, limited by its stilted appearance within the surrounding later 20th century and early 21st century townscape which serves to sever any consistent appearance of historic value.

7.2.8 The loss of 2-4 South Parade will have an effect on the appearance of the Conservation Area and on its character, albeit limited, as recent modern development has served to dilute the overall appearance.

7.2.9 The loss of the non-designated heritage asset 2-4 South Parade, a remaining element of the 19th century townscape, will have an effect on the character of the Conservation Area. This will therefore lead to harm on a designated heritage asset, which has been assessed as less than substantial as the significance as embodied in its character will still be appreciable through the larger works buildings and river views as set out above. That less than substantial harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal as set out within paragraph 195 of NPPF.

7.2.10 .

7.3 Setting 7.3.1 The settings assessment scoped in the following designated heritage assets:

• The Grade II listed William Brothers of Sheffield (NHLE no. 1247393);

• The Grade II listed Crucible Workshop at Former Williams Brothers (NHLE no. 1392551); and

• The Grade II listed Fat Cat (NHLE no. 1388269).

7.3.2 The assessment identified that the Site does not contribute to the significance of these assets, as part of their setting. The development proposals will not affect the settings of these asset in any way which would causes a lase of significance for those assets, or reduce the ability to appreciate those interested which constitute that significance.

7.3.3 Similarly, as the non-designated asset 2-4 South Parade makes no discernible contribution to the significance of the assets and its removal will not alter how any of the designated assets are understood as remaining elements of the former landscape.

7.4 Recommendations 7.4.1 Due to the absence of previous archaeological investigations within the Site, further intrusive works are likely to be required. The scope and scale of any further works within the Site should be agreed with the archaeological advisor to the Local Planning Authority.

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7.4.2 The emerging design and weight of balance justifying the demolition of 2-4 South Parade should be undertaken in consultation with the Conservation Officer for the Local Planning Authority. A suitable and proportionate programme of building recording to offset some of the identified harm from the loss of a non-designated asset should be agreed.

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REFERENCES

Bibliography Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk /ukpga/1979/46.

ARCUS, 2006. Final report of Archaeological Evaluation and Mitigation at Cornwall Works, Green Lane, Sheffield. Unpublished Report.

Belford, P., 2001. Work, space and power in an English industrial slum: ‘the Crofts’, Sheffield. In Mayne, A. and Murray, T., (eds.). The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes: Exploration in Slumland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, 2020. Standards and guidance for historic environment desk- based assessment. Available at: http://www.archaeologists.net/codes/ifa

Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), 2010. Principles of Selection for Listing Buildings. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/principles-of-selection-for-listing- buildings

DCMS, 2013. Scheduled Monuments & nationally important but non-scheduled monuments. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/scheduled-monuments-policy- statement

English Heritage, 2008. Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment. Available at: https://www.historicengland.org.uk /images-books/publications/conservation-principles-sustainable-management-historic- environment/

Hey, D., 1979. The Making of South Yorkshire. Nottingham: Moorland Publishing

Hey, D., 1991. The Fiery Blades of Hallamshire. Leicester: Leicestershire University Press

Hey, D., 2005. The History of Sheffield. Leicester: Carnegie Press.

Historic England, 2015. Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2. Available at: https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/gpa2-managing-significance-in- decision-taking/

Historic England 2017. The Setting of Heritage Assets: Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3. Available at: http://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/ publications/gpa3-setting-of-heritage-assets/

Historic England, 2019. Statements of Heritage Significance: Analysing Significance in Heritage Assets. Historic England Advice Note 12. Available at: https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/statements-heritage-significance- advice-note-12/heag279-statements-heritage-significance/

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (DCLG) 2019. National Planning Policy Framework. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning- policy-framework--2

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Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Available at: http://www.legislation. gov.uk/ukpga/1990/9/contents

Sheffield City Council,1999. Kelham Island Industrial Conservation Area: Statement of Special Interest. Available at: Kelham Island Appraisal.pdf (sheffield.gov.uk)

Scurfield, G., 1986. Seventeenth-century Sheffield and its environs. Yorkshire Archaeological Review 58, 147-171

University of Nottingham, 2021. Key to English Place Names. Available at: http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Yorkshire%20WR/Sheffield

Wessex Archaeology, 2015. Dun Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire: Archaeological Strip, Map and Record. Unpublished Report

Wessex Archaeology, 2017. Hollis Croft, Sheffield, South Yorkshire: Strip, Map and Record, Evaluation and Watching Brief. Unpublished Report

Site and Monuments Records South Yorkshire Sites and Monuments Record (SYSMR)

Cartographic and documentary sources (accessed online) 1771 Sheffield by William Fairbank (accessed via Picture Sheffield)

1808 Sheffield by W and J Fairbank (accessed via Picture Sheffield)

1838 White’s Map of Sheffield (accessed via Picture Sheffield)

1854 Town Plan (accessed online)

1894 Ordnance Survey Map

1924 Ordnance Survey Map

1974 Ordnance Survey Map Online resources Geology of Britain viewer: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

Hawley Sheffield Knives: https://hawleysheffieldknives.com/

Historic England: http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/

Open Domesday: http://opendomesday.org/

ProMap: https://www2.promap.co.uk/index.html#/login

Picture Sheffield: https://picturesheffield.com/maps.php

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Terminology Glossary The terminology used in this assessment follows definitions contained within Annex 2 of NPPF:

Archaeological interest There will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially may hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them. Conservation The process of maintaining and managing change to a heritage asset in a way that sustains (for heritage policy) and, where appropriate, enhances its significance. Designated heritage World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, assets Registered Park and Gardens, Registered Battlefields and Conservation Areas designated under the relevant legislation. Heritage asset A building monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage assets include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing). Historic environment All aspects of the environment resulting from the interaction between people and places through time, including all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried or submerged, and landscaped and planted or managed flora. Historic environment Information services that seek to provide access to comprehensive and dynamic resources record relating to the historic environment of a defined geographic area for public benefit and use. Setting of a heritage The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may asset change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral. Significance The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. (for heritage policy) That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting. Value An aspect of worth or importance

Chronology Where referred to in the text, the main archaeological periods are broadly defined by the following date ranges:

Prehistoric Historic Palaeolithic 970,000–9500 BC Romano-British AD 43–410 Saxon/Early Early Post-glacial 9500–8500 BC AD 410–1066 Medieval Mesolithic 8500–4000 BC Medieval AD 1066–1500 Neolithic 4000–2400 BC Post-medieval AD 1500–1800 Bronze Age 2400–700 BC 19th century AD 1800–1899 Iron Age 700 BC–AD 43 Modern 1900–present day

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Appendix 2: Legislative and planning framework There is national legislation and guidance relating to the protection of important archaeological sites or historic buildings within planning regulations as defined under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. In addition, local authorities are responsible for the protection of the historic environment within the planning system. This section summarises the main components of the national and local planning and legislative framework governing the treatment of the historic environment within the planning process.

Legislation

Legislation

Title Summary Ancient Monuments The main legislation pertaining to archaeological sites is the Ancient Monuments and and Archaeological Archaeological Areas Act 1979, which builds on previous Acts in confirming legal protection for Areas Act 1979 nationally important archaeological remains through their addition to a centrally maintained ‘schedule’ (Scheduled Monuments). The consent of the Secretary of State (Department of Culture, Media and Sport), as advised by Historic England, is required for certain works within a scheduled area (Scheduled Monument Consent). For archaeological sites that are not covered by the Act, protection is afforded through the overall framework of national and local planning policy. Planning (Listed The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 provides specific protection Buildings and for buildings and areas of special architectural or historic interest. Any decisions relating to Conservation Areas) Listed Buildings and their settings, and Conservation Areas must address the statutory Act 1990 considerations of the Act (in particular, Sections 16, 66 and 72), as well as satisfying relevant national and local planning policies. Section 66 of the Act states that: ‘In considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses.’ Section 69 enables Local Planning Authorities to designate conservation areas. Conservation areas are those ‘areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’. Section 72 requires that in the exercise of planning duties ‘special attention shall be paid to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance’ of conservation areas. Under the provisions of the Act, Listed Building Consent is normally required for works of demolition, alteration or extension to a Listed Building that affect its character as a building of special architectural or historic interest. Hedgerows Hedgerows that fulfil certain criteria are afforded protection under The Hedgerows Regulations Regulations 1997 (as 1997 (as amended in 2002). The administration of the regulations is the responsibility of the amended in 2002) Local Planning Authority (LPA).

National Planning Policy Framework

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published on 27th March 2012 and revised on 24th July 2018 and updated in February 2019. It sets out the government’s planning policies for England and how these are expected to be applied.

Protecting and enhancing the historic environment is an important component of the National Planning Policy Framework’s drive to achieve sustainable development (as defined in Section 2 ‘Achieving sustainable development’). The NPPF recognises that heritage assets are an irreplaceable resource and that effective conservation delivers wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits.

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Section 16 of the NPPF, entitled ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’, sets out the principal national guidance on the importance, management and safeguarding of heritage assets within the planning process (paragraphs 184-2)

On 6th March 2014 the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) launched the Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) web-based resource. The resource provides additional guidance intended to accompany the NPPF. It includes a section entitled ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’ (ID: 18a), which expands upon the corresponding sections of the NPPF. The PPG will, where necessary, be updated in due course to reflect changes to the NPPF since the new framework was published in February 2019.

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)

Reference Quote Para. 189 In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes, or has the potential to include, heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. Para. 190 Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise any conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal. Para. 192 In determining applications, local planning authorities should take account of: a) the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation; b) the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and c) the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness. Para. 193 When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation (and the more important the asset, the greater the weight should be). This is irrespective of whether any potential harm amounts to substantial harm, total loss or less than substantial harm to its significance. Para. 194 Any harm to, or loss of, the significance of a designated heritage asset (from its alteration or destruction, or from development within its setting), should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of:

a) grade II listed buildings, or grade II registered parks or gardens, should be exceptional; b) assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, registered battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional63.

63 Non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest, which are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for designated heritage assets. Para. 195 Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to (or total loss of significance of) a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or total loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply:

a) the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and b) no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and

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National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)

Reference Quote c) conservation by grant-funding or some form of not for profit, charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and d) the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use. Para. 196 Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal including, where appropriate, securing its optimum viable use. Para. 197 The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that directly or indirectly affect non-designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset. Para. 199 Local planning authorities should require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible64. However, the ability to record evidence of our past should not be a factor in deciding whether such loss should be permitted.

64Copies of evidence should be deposited with the relevant historic environment record, and any archives with a local museum or other public depository. Para. 200 Local planning authorities should look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites, and within the setting of heritage assets, to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to the asset (or which better reveal its significance) should be treated favourably. Para. 201 Not all elements of a Conservation Area or World Heritage Site will necessarily contribute to its significance. Loss of a building (or other element) which makes a positive contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area or World Heritage Site should be treated either as substantial harm under paragraph 195 or less than substantial harm under paragraph 196, as appropriate, taking into account the relative significance of the element affected and its contribution to the significance of the Conservation Area or World Heritage Site as a whole. Para. 202 Local planning authorities should assess whether the benefits of a proposal for enabling development, which would otherwise conflict with planning policies but which would secure the future conservation of a heritage asset, outweigh the disbenefits of departing from those policies.

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Appendix 3: Gazetteer Designated heritage assets within the Study Area

List Entry No. Name Designation 1245702 THE FORMER BALL INN Grade II listed 1246509 BALL STREET BRIDGE Grade II listed BALL STREET BRIDGE

1246510 KELHAM WEIR Grade II listed 1246605 60, MALINDA STREET Grade II listed

NETHERTHORPE JUNIOR SCHOOL AND 1246682 ADJOINING CARETAKERS HOUSE AND WALLS Grade II listed

1246748 NUMBER 19 AND ATTACHED RAILINGS Grade II listed 1246807 1-15, PARADISE SQUARE Grade II* listed 1246808 14-22, PARADISE SQUARE Grade II* listed 1246809 24, PARADISE SQUARE Grade II* listed 1247312 BOROUGH BRIDGE Grade II listed 1247378 THREE TUNS PUBLIC HOUSE Grade II listed 1247393 WILLIAM BROTHERS OF SHEFFIELD Grade II listed 1247501 WEST BAR FIRE STATION MUSEUM Grade II listed 1247524 CEMENTATION FURNACE Grade II listed

WORKSHOP RANGES, INCLUDING CRUCIBLE 1247616 FURNACE ATTCHED TO NUMBER 54 Grade II listed 1247647 117 AND 119, WEST BAR Grade II listed 1255043 BROOKLYN WORKS Grade II listed

1255044 ENTRANCE GATEWAY TO GREEN LANE WORKS Grade II* listed 1270451 83 AND 85, INFIRMARY ROAD Grade II listed 1270591 52 54 AND 56, GARDEN STREET Grade II listed

WORKSHOP RANGES AND CRUCIBLE FURNACE 1270867 ATTACHED TO NUMBER 35 Grade II* listed 1270909 KUTRITE WORKS Grade II listed

1270928 WEST RANGE AT CORNISH PLACE WORKS Grade II* listed

1270936 CHAPEL HOUSE AND ATTACHED HALL Grade II listed

1270962 EAST RANGE AT CORNISH PLACE WORKS Grade II* listed 1271061 72, QUEEN STREET Grade II listed 1271128 GLOBE WORKS Grade II* listed

1271131 RAILINGS ATTACHED TO NUMBERS 4 TO 12 Grade II* listed

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1271132 17 AND 19, PARADISE SQUARE Grade II* listed 1271306 WHARNCLIFFE WORKS Grade II listed 1388269 THE FAT CAT Grade II listed 1390052 JOHN WATTS CUTLERY WORKS Grade II listed 1390918 CORNISH WORKS Grade II listed 1391691 KINGSTON WORKS Grade II listed 1392102 30, MOWBRAY STREET Grade II listed

FORMER RUSSELL WORKS, (NOW PART OF 1392387 KELHAM ISLAND INDUSTRIAL MUSEUM) Grade II listed 1392480 DON CUTLERY WORKS Grade II listed 1392481 48-50, GARDEN STREET Grade II listed

CRUCIBLE WORKSHOP AT FORMER WILLIAMS 1392551 BROTHERS Grade II listed

1416992 Provincial House (former St Vincent's Presbytery) Grade II listed 1004791 Cementation furnace, Hoyle Street Scheduled Monument 1004795 Bower Spring cementation furnace Scheduled Monument

Records from the SMR within the Study Area

Name Pref Ref Summary Period Town Corn Mill and Wheel, Sheffield (1) 01694/01 CORN MILL WP Medieval

18th Century Houses & Terrace on the eastern side of the square built Square, Paradise Square, 1736; other three sides laid out 1771-c.1790. Sheffield 03984/01 Restored 1963-6. Post-medieval

John Watts' Tool and An Industrial period tool and cutlery works located Cutlery Works, Sheffield 4659 on Lambert Street, Sheffield. Post-medieval

Cutlers' Company Steel Site of an innovative steel furnace, built in 1763, Furnace 4655 Scotland Street, Sheffield. Post-medieval

The earliest phase of the water-powered wheel at Kelham was used for grinding. The wheel appears to have been demolished sometime between 1650 Kelham Wheel I 01690/01 and 1654. Post-medieval

Town Corn Mill And A cutlers GRINDING WHEEL was established next Wheel, Sheffield (2) 01694/02 to the town corn mill in the post-medieval period Post-medieval

Town Corn Mill And Wheel, Sheffield (3) 01694/03 ROLLING MILL (STEEL) ST Post-medieval

Town Corn Mill And The Exchange Brewery superseded the Mill and Wheel, Sheffield (4) 01694/04 wheel in the later Industrial Period Post-medieval

A steam-driven cutlers' grinding wheel was built in Steam-driven Cutlers' Green Lane by 1789. The site initially covered part Grinding Wheel, Green of what became James Dixon and Son's Green Lane, Sheffield 04979 Lane Works (aka Cornish Place, PIN 04970). Post-medieval

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Former cutlery works on Snow Lane, Sheffield, Kutrite Works, formerly constructed in the late 18th century and modified the Bee Hive Works 05203 and extended in the 19th and 20th centuries. Post-medieval Remains of industrial period back-to-back housing, Edward Street, Foundations, cellars, yards and surfaces Sheffield 05227 associated with 19th century back-to-back housing. Post-medieval Remains of cutlery works of Wade, Wingfield & Rowbotham, Tenter Remains relating to 18th and 19th century cutlery Street, Sheffield 05235 works at Tenter Street, Sheffield. Post-medieval

Industrial period remains of housing and small- scale industry, between Courtyard development spanning 18th-20th White Croft and Pea Croft centuries with a mixed domestic and industrial (Solly Street), Sheffield 05237 character. Post-medieval Industrial period remains associated with John Watts Works, Lambert Below-ground remains associated with John Watts Street 05238 cutlery works, Sheffield Post-medieval

Industrial period works buildings associated with Toledo Works, Sheffield 05315 tool, cutlery and bread platter production. Post-medieval

Sheffield Workhouse Site of Sheffield's Workhouse 1733-1829, at the (1733-1829) 04660 bottom of West Bar Green Post-medieval Remains of industrial period workshops and housing, former Spring Late 18th century housing, along with later Street, Sheffield 05496 workshops and housing, near West Bar, Sheffield Post-medieval Remains of 18th and 19th century housing, West Walls and surfaces relating to industrial period Bar, Sheffield 05525 housing and small-scale industry Post-medieval

Block of late 18th/19th century properties, including a large music hall known c1890 as the 'Gaiety Industrial period remains Palace'. Excavation revealed a linear feature and a of commercial and large pit of 18th century date containing evidence residential premises, West of bone working and the processing of non-ferrous Bar, Sheffield 05535 * Post-medieval Remains of crucible furnace, and site of early Crucible furnace, on probable site of Samuel cementation furnace, Shore's cementation furnaces (believed to be the Furnace Hill, Sheffield 05537 earliest such furnaces in Sheffield) Post-medieval

Site of an Industrial period tool and steelworks, Harrison's Tool and bounded by Hollis Croft and Garden Street, Steelworks, Sheffield 04657 Sheffield Post-medieval

Kenyon's Tool and Site of an Industrial period steel works, Hollis Croft, Steelworks 04656 Sheffield Post-medieval Remains of 18th-19th century steelworks, Snow Steelworks, in operation from 1760-70 until the late Lane, Sheffield 05759 19th or early 20th century. Post-medieval

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Royal Infirmary founded in 1797. It appears on earlier historic maps as the General Infirmary. The Site of Sheffield Royal site lies on Montgomery Terrace Road and Infirmary 04667 Infirmary Road, Sheffield Post-medieval

The Don Brewery, The site of the Don Brewery, formerly known as nineteenth and twentieth Warburton, Turton and Co., at Cornish Square, century brewery, Sheffield 04971 Penistone Road, Sheffield. Post-medieval

A water-powered silk mill built in the mid/late eighteenth century and converted to a cotton mill Kelham Silk Mill 01691/01 c1774 Post-medieval

A cotton mill dating to the industrial period. There were three phases of use as a cotton mill, starting in 1774 and separated by fires in 1792 and 1810. The mill was originally water powered but it is thought that it may have had a rotative steam Kelham Cotton Mill 01691/02 engine Post-medieval Site of Clay Pipe Kiln, Scotland Street, Sheffield Site of 19th century Clay Pipe Kiln, identified from - in use c.1850-1910 02757/01 finds. 19th century Doncaster Street cementation furnace 02812/01 CEMENTATION FURNACE (STEEL) 19th century

Well Meadow Steel 19th century works complex producing crucible Works, Sheffield 02866/01 steel 19th century

Well Meadow Works, later 19th century steel works with intact crucible Algoma Works, Sheffield 04575/01 furnace and forge 19th century Union Grinding Wheel 01693/01 19th century

Scotland Street Methodist Methodist New Connexion Chapel on Scotland Chapel 04661 Street, built 1828 19th century Bower Spring Furnace, Sheffield 02813/01 Standing remains of 2 cementation furnaces 19th century Green Lane Works 04735 19th century stove grate manufactory 19th century

Works building, operated from 1843 by electro plate and cutlery manufacturers, and from c1898 Britannia Works, Love until the 1950s by a confectioner. Demolished Street, Sheffield (site of) 04737 2002. 19th century The Parkin/Turton Steelworks, later known Site of an Industrial period steelworks, off Solly as Central Steel Works 04658 Street (Pea Croft) 19th century

St Luke's National School, 19th century school, converted into works in the Garden Street, Sheffield 05241 mid 20th century. 19th century Remains of industrial period back-to-back housing, Upper Allen Two courtyards with associated back-to-back Street, Sheffield 05311 housing and privies, Upper Allen Street, Sheffield 19th century Industrial period works building, Brocco Street, Mid 19th century works building, incorporated into Sheffield 05320 a timber yard, and later a metal works. 19th century

19th century crucible steelworks with surviving Titanic Works, Sheffield 05341 furnaces and potting shop 19th century

IX Doc ref 241640.2 Issue 3, Feb 2020

Australian Works, Largely 20th century small industrial works Sheffield 05342 incorporating some older structures 19th century

20th century works incorporating 19th century Malinda Works, Sheffield 05343 buildings. 19th century Hoyle Street Works, Sheffield 05345 19th century steel and file works, Sheffield 19th century Site of former Meadow Street Hotel 05346 Early 19th century public house, Sheffield 19th century Industrial period remains associated with William Early 19th century crucible steel furnace Hoole's crucible furnace, associated with William Hoole's steel and cutlery Sheffield 05348 works. 19th century Industrial period remains of back-to-back housing, Upper Allen Street, Cellarage, walls and ground floor surfaces of early Sheffield 05349 19th century back-to-back housing. 19th century

Site of Times Steel Site of integrated steel works, constructed c1870s. Works, Sheffield 05459 Largely demolished in 1970s. 19th century Site of former Eagle Works, Mowbray Street, Site of mid-19th century crucible steelworks, Sheffield 05472 Sheffield 19th century

Lion Works, Mowbray Mid-19th century steel and tool works, substantially Street, Sheffield 05473 modified throughout the 20th century 19th century Site of former Lion Works (part)/Ball Street Works, Ball Street, Sheffield 05474 Site of 19th-20th century edge tool works 19th century Site of former Caledonia Works/Union Foundry, Mowbray Street, Sheffield 05475 19th century integrated works 19th century

19th-20th century rolling mills, Sheffield. Site of former Neepsend Incorporated adjacent brass foundry and crucible Rolling Mills, Sheffield 05477 furnace. 19th century Remains associated with 19th century back-to-back housing, off Dun Street, Former back-to-back housing, constructed c1830 Sheffield 05478 and cleared c1950. 19th century

Site of former Alma Street Works, Sheffield 05481 Site of 19th - 20th century metal trades works. 19th century Site of former church of St Michael and All Angels, Neepsend Lane, Sheffield 05484 Site of church from 1860s to 1950s. 19th century Remains of 19th century industrial buildings, Alma Remains of two contemporary industrial buildings, Street, Sheffield 05486 one of which was a smithy. 19th century

Remains of industrial period model workers' housing and commercial premises associated with Union Buildings, Sheffield 05533 the adjacent Union Wheel 19th century

Remains associated with Later known as Bower Works and Franklin Works. the 19th century Bower Remains of a crucible furnace, walls and a yard Spring Works 05751 surface. 19th century Remains of Soho Wheels, early 18th century steam- Built 1805, an early example of a large steam- powered grinding powered workshop intended for use by multiple workshop 01692/01 businesses. 19th century

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Remains of 19th century housing courtyard, Wall footings and drains associated with early 19th Shalesmoor, Sheffield 05754 century housing 19th century Remains of early to mid 19th century back-to-back Remains associated with two early to mid 19th housing, Sheffield 05757 century housing courtyards. 19th century Remains of 19th century back-to-back housing, Remains associated with a 19th century housing Sheffield 05758 courtyard. 19th century

Williams Brothers was established in 1870. Prior to this the site was occupied by nineteenth century back-to-back housing, a beer house/dwelling, and industrial ranges. Buildings include a possible Williams Brothers Works, grinding hull and a mid 19th century brass crucible Green Lane, Sheffield 04966 f* 19th century

Kelham Works, nineteenth century Iron and Steel A nineteenth century iron & steel works at Kelham Works 04967 Island. The works were demolished in the 1890s 19th century

Nineteenth century steel rolling mills at Kelham Kelham Rolling Mills 04968 Island 19th century

A nineteenth century public house situated in the corner of the Cornish Place Works, Green Lane, Sheffield. The building was used as a public house until the 1930s or 1940s before being converted to a printing works. The building has now reverted to Former Ball Inn, Sheffield 04972 its* 19th century

Cornish Place is a large nineteenth and twentieth century factory complex associated with the cutlery Cornish Place: James and silverware manufacturers James Dixon and Dixon and Sons Cutlers, Sons. The building was listed in the 1970s and Britannia Metal and converted to apartments in the late twentieth Silverware Works 04970 century. 19th century

Kelham Wheel II: A water and steam-powered corn mill that was in Britannia Corn Mill 01690/03 use in the later industrial and modern periods. 19th century Sheffield Union Workhouse (site of Kelham silk and cotton A work house. The site was purchased by the city mill) 01691/03 of Sheffield in 1828. 19th century

Stephenson Blake Type The last traditional print type founder in Britain. Foundry, Upper Allen Founded in 1818. The current works buildings date Street, Sheffield 04983 to the nineteenth century. 19th century 19th century public house and dwellings, Ball Street, Public house, known as the Cardigan Tavern, and Neepsend, Sheffield 05476 two dwellings, constructed 1855-59. 19th century Buildings and remains associated with 19th century cutlery works of Constructed c1829. Modified and expanded up to Philip Ashberry 05479 the 1960s. Latterly known as the Cornwall Works. 19th century Remains associated with Globe Steel Works, Russell Street, Sheffield 05480 Site of 1850s steelworks. 19th century

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Site of former Eagle Steel works originally constructed in 1834-5, later Works, later part of Globe much expanded. Successively known as the Steel Works, Sheffield 05483 Eagle, Globe Steel and Horseman Works. 19th century Remains of 19th century back-to-back housing, Back to back housing courts, constructed in the Dun Street, Sheffield 05691 1820s 19th century

Power station in use as tramway generating station Kelham Island Tramway 1899-1914; production for Sheffield Corporation's Generating Station, municipal electricity supply 1914-1930. Now part of Sheffield 05755 Kelham Island Museum 19th century

Site of Kenyon Cutlery Below-ground remains associated with the former Works, Sheffield 05226 Kenyon Cutlery Works in Sheffield 19th century Provincial House, Solly Street, Sheffield 05638 Presbytery, built 1878 19th century

Sheffield's first radio station, '6FL', thought to have Site of First Radio been a wooden building on the Borough Bridge, Broadcast in Sheffield Corporation Street, Sheffield, began broadcasting (possible) 04684 on 16th November 1923 Modern

An early twentieth century firebrick works at Kelham Island (firebrick) Kelham Island, incorporating parts of the former Works 04969 Kelham Island Rolling Mills Modern

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4 3 5 0

0 P W 0

P W

Site Study area Entrance Gateway to Green Lane *# Grade II* listed building *# Works

P W *# Grade II listed Crucible Workshop at *# building former Williams Brothers *# The Fat Cat Scheduled Monument P W # Williams Brothers * P W Kelham Island of Sheffield Conservation Area

388000

*# Cementation Furnace P W

P W

P W This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction.

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2021.

P W P W Date: 26/01/2021 P W Revision Number: 0 Scale: 1:5,000

Illustrator: Andy_R

0 500 m Path: P O Projects\242400\GIS\FigsMXD\2021_01_19

Site location and key designated heritage assets Figure 1 A 4 5 4 4 4 6 3 7 3 3 3 14 60 4 5 5 6 5 607 0 5 0 B B PW 0 B 0 0 0 5 B 0 7 607 0 0 0 60 6 4 A B 0 6 7 B 388500 4 6 1 074 Neepsend Philadelphia B6 074 A B B 6 75 60 1 0 6 074 74 6 07 B6 B 4 6074 B B 6 L ib y 0 A B6 7 6 0 4 1 74 5 A 3 6 1 1 B B 6 6 6 A 07 0 A 4 7 6 4 Infirmary Road 1 5 A 3 6 1 Station 1 B 6 6 A 0 A 6 7 L ib y 1 4 B 5 A 6 3 6 07 1 1 4 6 PO A A 6 B6 1 074 5 B 3 A Kelham 6 B60 1 6 0 74 61 A6 6 1 7 A 1 A A 1 9 PW A 4 A6 A 10 A61 6 05483 0 61 Island 61 9 A6 9 A 09 1 0 6 1 05691 A61 10 9 A6 9 610 A

1 A A 9 A 6 09 6 6 6 61

Shalesmoor A 1 0 1 A 1 1 1 6 A6 5 3 A A 6 A 1 3 5 Station 6 PW A 1 1 61 1 6

6 A A A61 6 A 1 01691/01 1 6 5 A 3 A 01691/02 1 PW 1 6 05479 6 6 1 A A 1 A 6 6 1 5 A A 3

388000 6 5 1 1 1 9 3 6 3 1 6

A 5 6 A 1 6 A 6 A61 B A 05759 A6 61 9 A B 1 3 Port Mahon A61 A61 A 6 6 5 B 1 0 6 7 3 1 6 B PW 6 5 3 9 A 9 A61 3 A61 5 3 6 7 B R i v e r 0 6 B 3 9 7 3 D o n 0 5 6

PW 05537 6 B

B 9

3 Netherthorpe Netherthorpe 5 9 6 3 5 B Road 6 B 9 Station 3 5 6 B 1 B 6 6 9 0 A 3 PW 5 7 6 3 B 9 3 5 3

6 7 B 0 57

6 B A 7 60 5

B A 7 57 57 A 9 3 A A 3 7 5 5 PW B 5 6 Fitzalan A 7 6 B PW A 0 Square/Ponds 5 7 9 B6539 7 Castle Square 3 653 39 B PW Forge Station 387500 9 B65 0 Station 500 m 653 A 39 B 5 5 B6 7 9 7 5 53 A B6 SMR entries by period Contains Ordnance Survey data Date: 26/01/2021 Revision Number: 0 Site © Crown copyright and database right 2021.

Study area Post-medieval This material is for client report only Scale: 1:7,500 Illustrator: Andy_R © Wessex Archaeology. 19th century No unauthorised reproduction. Path: Projects\242400\GIS\FigsMXD\2021_01_19 Site and relevant SMR entries identified in text Figure 2 A 4 4 4 4 6 A 1 3 5 3 3 3 7 6 4 0 5 5 6 A 1 65 6 0 5 0 B 4 3 0 1 7 0 0 0 60 5

0 B 0 0 0 PW 5 B 7 B 607 0 6 4 A 6 0 A B 6 7 6 1 388500 1 4 Neepsend 3 B6 5 074 B6 Philadelphia 074 A 5 6 7 B B6 1 0 6 07 6 0 B6074 4 B 74 6074 B B 6 0 L ib y B 7 A 6 4 6 07 5 1 4 3 A 1 6 6 1 B B 6 A 60 0 A 74 7 6 4 Infirmary Road 1 5 A 3 6 Green Lane Works - 1 Station 1 L ib y B 6 A Substantial industrial r6emains A 6 07 1 4 5 A B 3 6 6 1 1 Dun Fields - 0 6 7 A PO A 4 6 back to back terraces 1 B6 074 5 A B 3 6 Kelham 6 B6 1 1 07 1 6 0 4 A6 A61 7 9 A 09 A 4 0 1 PW A6 A 61 A61 6 6 1 61 9 A 09 A A 1 Island 1 A610 61 6 09 109

1 A61 A A6 9 6 1 9 A 610 Shalesmoor A A 0 610 A 1 1 A 9 6 6 6 6 A 1 6 A 1 5 Station A PW A 3 1 6 1 1 6 A61 A 6 6 A 1 1 A 6 5 A 3 A 1 PW 1 6 6 6 1 A A 1 A 6 6 1 A A Ashberry's 5 3 388000 6 5 3 9 7

1 1 3 1 3 0

6 6 metal works 1 6 A 5 6

A B 1 6 A 6 A6 B 3 A 1 1 B 7 Port Mahon A61 A 6 6 A 0 61 A61 A 5 6 6 B 3 1 9 B 1 6 PW B 6 5 6 A 3 9 A61 0 9 3 7 5 3 3 6 7 B R i v e r 0 6 B

9 3 D o n 3 5 7 PW 6 0 B 6 Netherthorpe B

Road 9 Netherthorpe 3 Station 5 9 6 3 5 B 6 B 9 3 3 7 5 0 1 6 6 6 B B A 9 B PW 3 6 5 0 6 B 7 3 9 3

5 3 7 6 5 B 7 A 0 57

6 B A 60 7

B A 9 7 7 5 5 3 3 A5 7 5 PW 57 A 6 B B Fitzalan A 6 Hollis Croft - PW A 0 0 Square/Ponds 500 5 m 7 9 B6539 7 Castle Square 3 mid-19th century 653 9 B Forge Station 387500 B653 PW Station B cementation furnace 539 A B6 6 39 5 B65 0 9 7 7 7 53 5 0 B6 A Contains Ordnance Survey data Date: 26/01/2021 Revision Number: 0 Site Excavations © Crown copyright and database right 2021. Scale: 1:7,500 Illustrator: Andy_R Study area This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction. Path: Projects\242400\GIS\FigsMXD\2021_01_19 Site and previous excavations in the surrounding area Figure 3 4

e r m u g 0 i 5 F R _ y d n 0 A : : r r o e t b a r m t 9 s u 1 u N l _ l

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0 32.5 m

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2021. Date: 26/01/2021 Revision Number: 0 This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction. Scale: 1:500 Illustrator: Andy_R Site Path: Projects\242400\GIS\FigsMXD\2021_01_19 1923 Ordnance Survey Map Figure 5 6

e r m u g 0 i 5 F R _ y d n 0 A : : r r o e t b a r m t 9 s u 1 u N l _ l

I 1 n 0 o i _ s i 1 v 2 0 e 0 2 R \ D X M s g i F \ S I G \ 0 0 4 2 4 1 2 2 \ 0 s t 2 0 / c 0 1 e 0 j 0 , / o 1 r 6 : 2 1 P : : : h e e l t t a a a c P D S . 1 2 0 2

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0 0 4 8 7 8 3 9 1 South Parade

South Parade range

Northern range

Ward Street range Bowling Green Street

Bowling Green Street

Site Phase 1: 1853 – 1890 Phase 2: 1905 – 1923 Phase 3: 1933 – 1952 Phase 4: 1952 – 1969 Phase 5: 1969 – 1978 0 20 m Phase 6: 1978 – 2000

Coordinate system: OSGB36 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2020. This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction. Date: 27/01/2021 Revision Number: 0

Scale: 1:500 at A4 Illustrator: IA

Path: S:\PROJECTS\242400\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\DBA\2021_01_27

Phased plan Figure 7

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