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African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+ Human Rights, Equity and Forest Carbon Capture in Climate Mitigation

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African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+ Human Rights, Equity and Forest Carbon Capture in Climate Mitigation INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF AFRICA COORDINATING COMMITTEE COMITÉ DE COORDINATION DES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES D'AFRIQUE African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+ Human rights, equity and forest carbon capture in climate mitigation Published by Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee November 2011 African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+ Human rights, equity and forest carbon capture in climate mitigation Published by: Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC) ISBN: 978-0-9814477-4-2 November 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee wishes to thank the individuals and institutions that made this REDD+ training manual and report possible. The materials were initiated in 2009 with a grant from the World’ Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) for training indigenous African leaders in carbon and mitigation issues. Training was provided by Mssrs Kanyinke Paul Sena, Julian Sturgeon and Tony Knowles. Contributors are listed in each chapter, they including: Julian Sturgeon (South Africa), Kanyinke Paul Sena (Kenya), Joseph Itongwa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Jean Nganga (Congo Republic) and Tony Knowles (South Africa). Editing has been provided by Amanda Siegrühn and Nigel Crawhall. French editing and translation into English are by Marie-Anne Staebler and Nigel Crawhall. Layout and Design: Studentworx Funding for this 2011 REDD+ report and materials was generously provided by WWF, with support from a grant from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors or IPACC and do not necessarily reflect the views of either of these organizations. We extend our special thanks to Jenny Springer at WWF for her support. IPACC’s climate change programme has been supported by Norwegian Church Aid, Bread for the World and Misereor. Copyright is held exclusively by the Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee. Reproduction for educational purpose, not for profit, is possible with written permission from IPACC Secretariat. Contact IPACC at: Suite 202, Heritage House Dreyer Street, Claremont Cape Town, South Africa PO Box 106, Newlands, 7725, Cape Town, South Africa Email: [email protected] Phone: +27 21 674 3260 Fax: +27 21 674 3262 Website: www.ipacc.org.za 2 African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+| TABLE OF CONTENTS R-PINs, R-Plans and the FCPF ..................................................... 22 Questions arising from Part Two ............................................... 23 Acknowledgements .............................................................................. 2 Supporting Documents for Learners ......................................... 23 Indigenous Peoples’ Relationship with the Rainforest ......................... 7 Part Three – The Role of Local and Indigenous Communities in the REDD Programme .......................................................................... 24 Introduction.......................................................................................... 9 Why are local and indigenous communities important in the REDD programme? .................................................................... 24 Section 1: IPACC REDD Training Programme ................................ 12 How the FCPF can help .............................................................. 25 Overview of REDD+ Training Programme .......................................... 13 Some important REDD issues for local and indigenous Objectives ...................................................................................... 13 communities .............................................................................. 25 Training Manual for REDD+ Programme ............................................ 15 Opportunities for management, employment and learning ..... 26 Part One – Climate Change ............................................................ 15 Indigenous knowledge and good forest management .............. 26 What causes climate change? .................................................... 15 Additionality .............................................................................. 26 What is the Greenhouse Effect? ................................................ 15 Key terms in REDD+ ................................................................... 26 What are the effects of climate change? ................................... 17 Leakage and permanence .......................................................... 27 How long have we been producing CO2? ................................... 17 Questions arising from Part Three ............................................. 27 Who produces the most GHGs? ................................................. 17 Supporting Documents for Learners ......................................... 27 Which activities produce the most GHGs? ................................ 18 Kenya and Uganda Workshops Report .............................................. 29 The carbon cycle, and why forests are important ..................... 18 Introduction ................................................................................... 29 Questions arising from Part One ................................................ 19 Approach ....................................................................................... 29 Supporting documents for learners ........................................... 19 What is the international community doing about climate Part Two – The REDD Programme ................................................. 20 change? ...................................................................................... 31 What is REDD all about? ............................................................ 20 Why REDD+? .................................................................................. 34 | African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+ 3 Risks and opportunities of REDD+ for indigenous peoples............ 34 Robust safeguards needed for indigenous peoples' rights ........... 55 REDD+ funding mechanisms .......................................................... 36 Vulnerability in face of nature conservation and climate change . 55 UN-REDD programme ................................................................ 37 Context of REDD+ process in the DRC ........................................... 56 The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility ...................................... 37 Risks and opportunities for indigenous peoples ........................... 57 Key outcomes of the training workshops ...................................... 37 Participation of indigenous peoples in the REDD+ process ........... 58 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 39 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 59 Gabon Workshop Report ................................................................... 41 The Case for Using Local Monitors .................................................... 61 Introduction ................................................................................... 41 Measuring metrics in addition to carbon ...................................... 61 Forests in Gabon ............................................................................ 42 Required capacity and skills ........................................................... 61 Indigenous peoples in Gabon ........................................................ 42 Cost efficiencies ............................................................................. 62 Gabon REDD Awareness Workshop ........................................... 43 Proven examples and technologies ............................................... 62 Day One: Setting the Context .................................................... 43 In conclusion .................................................................................. 63 Day One: Open Space................................................................. 43 References ..................................................................................... 63 Working Group Reports: Implementing the R-PP in Gabon ...... 44 Regional Recourse Mechanism for REDD+ Safeguards in Africa ....... 65 Day Two: Presentation on the Carbon Cycle ............................. 46 Introduction ................................................................................... 65 Day Two: Open Space ................................................................ 46 Overview of REDD+ ........................................................................ 65 Risks of REDD+ for indigenous peoples in Africa ........................... 66 The need for social and environmental safeguards ...................... 66 Section 2: Essays ......................................................................... 52 REDD+ safeguards proposals ......................................................... 67 Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Developing a REDD Strategy in the Emerging REDD+ safeguards processes ......................................... 68 DRC ..................................................................................................... 53 ACHPR as regional safeguards recourse mechanism .................... 70 Background on indigenous peoples in the DRC ............................. 53 Mandate of the ACHPR .............................................................. 70 4 African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+| Regionalisation of REDD+ ..........................................................
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