Becoming Rwandan: Paths to Integration for the Potters
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African Pygmy Settlement Pattern
African Pygmy Settlement Pattern Ed Hagen December 13, 1993 Graduate Seminar Paper Introduction The African pygmies are the largest extant group of hunter-gatherers in the world (Cavalli-Sforza, 1986). They live in close association with farmers in the central African rain forest. This paper examines the spatial, temporal, and ecological aspects of the distribution of the various pygmy groups throughout the forest. Although there are several lines of evidence regarding the prehistoric spread of farming peoples through the forest, nothing is known about the original pygmy occupation, nor the evolution of their relationship with the horticulturists. This paper will examine the history, geography, and ecology of that forest, and the prehistoric immigration of farming peoples in order to provide a context for both the original and current pygmy occupation. The history of trade, colonialism and Independence in the region had a significant impact on pygmy settlement pattern, and are discussed as well. Although the forager-farmer relation is outside the scope of this paper, it clearly has had a profound impact on pygmy settlement pattern. We should keep in mind that this relationship has probably had a very long history, in which social, political, economic and ecological factors all played an important role. What we see today very likely differs in important ways from even the fairly recent past. Forest History, Geography and Ecology Unless otherwise noted, the following description of the central African rain forest is based on material in The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Africa (Sayer, Harcourt, & Collins, 1992). References as cited therein are marked with an *. -
Nancy Wilson Ross
Nancy Wilson Ross: An Inventory of Her Papers at the Harry Ransom Center Descriptive Summary Creator: Ross, Nancy Wilson, 1901-1986 Title: Nancy Wilson Ross Papers Dates: 1913-1986 Extent: 261.5 document boxes, 12 flat boxes, 18 card boxes, 7 galley folders (138 linear feet) Abstract: The papers of this American writer encompass her entire literary career and include manuscript drafts, extensive correspondence, and subject files reflecting her interest in Eastern cultures. Call Number: Manuscript Collection MS-03616 Language: English Access Open for research Administrative Information Acquisition Purchase, 1972 (R5717) Provenance Ross's first shipment of materials to the Ransom Center accompanied her husband Stanley Young's papers, and consisted of Ross's literary output to 1975, including manuscripts, publications, and research materials. The second, posthumous shipment contained manuscripts created since 1974, and all her correspondence, personal, and financial files, as well as files concerning the estate of Stanley Young. Processed by Rufus Lund, 1992-93; completed by Joan Sibley, 1994 Processing note: Materials from the 1975 and 1986 shipments are grouped following Ross's original order, with the exception of pre-1970, special, and current correspondence which were interfiled during processing. An index of selected correspondents follows at the end of this inventory. Repository: Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin Ross, Nancy Wilson, 1901-1986 Manuscript Collection MS-03616 2 Ross, Nancy Wilson, 1901-1986 Manuscript Collection MS-03616 Biographical Sketch Nancy Wilson was born in Olympia, Washington, on November 22, 1901. She graduated from the University of Oregon in 1924, and married Charles W. -
|||GET||| the Scramble for Africa 3Rd Edition
THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 3RD EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Muriel Evelyn Chamberlain | 9781408220146 | | | | | Events Leading to the Scramble for Africa Le Congo au temps des grandes compagnies concessionaires — Performance and Analytics. These are nations with an economic and political partnership between transnational oil companies and the ruling elite class in oil-rich African nations. The continuing anti-slavery movement in Western Europe became a reason and an excuse for the conquest and colonization of Africa. A New Scramble For Africa? Armonk, NY: Routledge. German efforts to clear the bush of civilians in German South-West Africa then resulted in a genocide of the population. Cookie Preferences We use cookies and similar tools, including those used by approved third parties collectively, "cookies" for the purposes described below. Civilian impact Atrocities. The Delcommune Expedition was rebuffed. Egypt was never an actual British colony. Of the thirteen nations present, the German representatives found their only supporter was Austria-Hungary. Navigation on the Niger and Congo rivers was to be free to all, and to declare a protectorate over a region the European colonizer must show effective occupancy and develop a "sphere of influence. Britain's administration of Egypt and the Cape Colony contributed to a preoccupation over securing the source of the Nile River. At the behest of Grant, a scientific racist and eugenicistzoo director Hornaday placed Ota Benga in a cage with an orangutan and labeled him "The Missing Link" in an attempt to illustrate Darwinismand in particular that Africans like Ota Benga are closer to apes than were Europeans. The Scramble for Africa. -
Carriers of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup L3 Basal Lineages Migrated Back to Africa from Asia Around 70,000 Years Ago Vicente M
Cabrera et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2018) 18:98 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1211-4 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basal lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago Vicente M. Cabrera1* , Patricia Marrero2, Khaled K. Abu-Amero3,4 and Jose M. Larruga1 Abstract Background: The main unequivocal conclusion after three decades of phylogeographic mtDNA studies is the African origin of all extant modern humans. In addition, a southern coastal route has been argued for to explain the Eurasian colonization of these African pioneers. Based on the age of macrohaplogroup L3, from which all maternal Eurasian and the majority of African lineages originated, the out-of-Africa event has been dated around 60-70 kya. On the opposite side, we have proposed a northern route through Central Asia across the Levant for that expansion and, consistent with the fossil record, we have dated it around 125 kya. To help bridge differences between the molecular and fossil record ages, in this article we assess the possibility that mtDNA macrohaplogroup L3 matured in Eurasia and returned to Africa as basal L3 lineages around 70 kya. Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African (L3 ) lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. An Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y-chromosome haplogroup E. -
Observations on the State of Indigenous Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Observations on the State of Indigenous Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo Prepared for: The 33rd Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review February 2019 Submission date: October 2018 Cultural Survival is an international Indigenous rights organization with a global Indigenous leadership and consultative status with ECOSOC since 2005. Cultural Survival is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is registered as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in the United States. Cultural Survival monitors the protection of Indigenous Peoples' rights in countries throughout the world and publishes its findings in its magazine, the Cultural Survival Quarterly; and on its website: www.cs.org. Cultural Survival also produces and distributes quality radio programs that strengthen and sustain Indigenous languages, cultures, and civil participation. Submitted by Cultural Survival Cultural Survival 2067 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02140 Tel: 1 (617) 441 5400 [email protected] www.culturalsurvival.org Observations on the State of Indigenous Human Rights in Democratic Republic of Congo I. Background Information Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has experienced instability and conflict throughout much of its independence since 1960. There has been a resurgence of violence particularly in the east of the country, despite a peace agreement signed with the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), a primarily Tutsi rebel group. An attempt to integrate CNDP members into the Congolese military failed, prompting their defection in 2012 and the formation of the M23 armed group, and led to continuous conflict causing the displacement of large populations and human rights abuses before the M23 was pushed out of DRC to Uganda and Rwanda in late 2013 by a joint DRC and UN offensive. -
Doing Anthropology in Sound
STEVEN FELD University of New Mexico DONALD BRENNEIS University of California, Santa Cruz Doing anthropology in sound ound has come to have a particular resonance in many disciplines ABSTRACT over the past decade. Social theorists (Attali 1995), historians Sound has come to have a particular resonance in (Brady 1999; Carter 1992; Corbin 1998; Hoffer 2003; Johnson many disciplines over the past decade. Social 1995; Picker 2003; Rath 2003; Smith 2001), literary researchers theorists, historians, literary researchers, (Smith 1999), folklorists (Bendix 2003), and scholars in science folklorists, and scholars in science and technology Sand technology studies (Sterne 2003; Thompson 2002) and in visual, studies and visual, performative, and cultural performative, and cultural studies (Bull and Back 2003; Chion 2002; Connor studies provide a range of substantively rich 2000; Drobnick 2004; Erlmann 2004; Gouk 1999; Ja¨rviluoma and Wagstaff accounts and epistemologically provocative models 2002; Kahn 1999; Kruth and Stobart 2000; Morris 1998; van Leeuwen 1999; for how researchers can take sound seriously. This Wishart 1996) provide a range of substantively rich accounts and epistemo- conversation explores general outlines of an logically provocative models for how researchers can take sound seriously. anthropology of sound. Its main focus, however, is In this conversation we explore not only what an anthropology of sound on the issues involved in using sound as a primary might be like but also what doing ethnography through sound—listening, medium for ethnographic research. [sound, recording, editing, and representation—might entail and promise.1 epistemology, ethnography, documentation, media representation] Don Brenneis: Why don’t you start out by talking about the chronology of taking up sound recording in your anthropological work? Steven Feld: I was inspired to think about recording sound as anthropological work at pretty much the same moment that I was inspired to pursue anthropology. -
African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+ Human Rights, Equity and Forest Carbon Capture in Climate Mitigation
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF AFRICA COORDINATING COMMITTEE COMITÉ DE COORDINATION DES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES D'AFRIQUE African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+ Human rights, equity and forest carbon capture in climate mitigation Published by Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee November 2011 African Indigenous Peoples and REDD+ Human rights, equity and forest carbon capture in climate mitigation Published by: Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC) ISBN: 978-0-9814477-4-2 November 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee wishes to thank the individuals and institutions that made this REDD+ training manual and report possible. The materials were initiated in 2009 with a grant from the World’ Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) for training indigenous African leaders in carbon and mitigation issues. Training was provided by Mssrs Kanyinke Paul Sena, Julian Sturgeon and Tony Knowles. Contributors are listed in each chapter, they including: Julian Sturgeon (South Africa), Kanyinke Paul Sena (Kenya), Joseph Itongwa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Jean Nganga (Congo Republic) and Tony Knowles (South Africa). Editing has been provided by Amanda Siegrühn and Nigel Crawhall. French editing and translation into English are by Marie-Anne Staebler and Nigel Crawhall. Layout and Design: Studentworx Funding for this 2011 REDD+ report and materials was generously provided by WWF, with support from a grant from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors or IPACC and do not necessarily reflect the views of either of these organizations. We extend our special thanks to Jenny Springer at WWF for her support. -
List of 20 Historical Markers
Black History Month Historical Highway Markers Marker descriptions provided by A Guidebook to Virginia’s African American Historical Markers, which was published for the first time by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) in late 2019 Name of Marker Location Dates Summary of Contribution Dorothy Height At 1400 Hull 1912-2010 Dorothy I. Height, civil rights leader, was born in Richmond and lived in this neighborhood Street, Richmond until 1916. For more than 50 years she worked for racial justice and gender equality. Serving on the national staff of the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) from 1944 to 1977, Height fostered interracial dialogue and moved the YWCA toward full integration. As president of the National Council of Negro Women for 40 years, she promoted economic development and voting rights and advised United States presidents. She worked closely with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and was a chief organizer of the March on Washington in 1963. Height was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1994. Booker T. Washington, At Booker T. 1856 Booker T. Washington was born a slave on the nearby Burroughs plantation on April 5, Birthplace Washington 1856. He graduated from Hampton Institute in 1875 where he became an instructor. Because National of his achievements as an educator, he was selected to establish a normal school for blacks in Monument, Alabama which later became the Tuskegee Institute. Recognized as an orator and author of Franklin County Up From Slavery, he exerted great influence both in the Republican party and as a humanitarian for the benefit of his fellow blacks. -
Colonial Exhibitions and Human Zoos
Colonial Exhibitions From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A colonial exhibition was a type of international exhibition intended to boost trade and bolster popular support for the various colonial empires during the New Imperialism period, which started in the 1880s with the scramble for Africa. The British Empire Exhibition of 1924–5 ranked among these expositions, but perhaps the most notable was the rather successful 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition, which lasted six months and sold 33 million tickets. Paris's Colonial Exhibition debuted on 6 May 1931, and encompassed 110 hectares of the Bois de Vincennes. The exhibition included dozens of temporary museums and façades representing the various colonies of the European nations, as well as several permanent buildings. Among these were the Palais de la Porte Dorée, designed by architect Albert Laprode, which then housed the Musée permanent des Colonies, and serves today as the Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration. An anti-colonial counter-exhibition was held near the 1931 Colonial Exhibition, titled Truth on the Colonies and was organized by the French Communist Party. The first section was dedicated to the crimes made during the colonial conquests, and quoted Albert Londres and André Gide's criticisms of forced labour while the second one made an apology of the Soviets' "nationalities' policy" compared to "imperialist colonialism". Germany and Portugal also staged colonial exhibitions, as well as Belgium, which had a Foire coloniale as late as 1948. Human zoos were featured in some of these exhibitions, such as in the Parisian 1931 exhibition. Through the 1950s, Africans and Native Americans Were Kept In Zoos As Exhibits By M.B. -
Ota Benga: the Pygmy Put on Dis- Play in A
Papers extinct, is a major chapter in Darwinian history. The ne- Ota Benga: the farious fruits of evolutionism, from the Nazis’ conception of racial superiority to its utilisation in developing their governmental policy, are all well documented.3,4 pygmy put on dis- Some scientists felt that the solution to the problem of racism in early twentieth century America was to allow play in a zoo Darwinian natural selection to operate without interference. Bradford and Blume noted that Darwin taught that: Jerry Bergman ‘ …when left to itself, natural selection would ac- complish extinction. Without slavery to embrace and One of the most fascinating historical ac- protect them, or so it was thought, blacks would have counts about the social effects of Darwin- to compete with caucasians for survival. Whites’ ism is the story of Ota Benga, a pygmy who greater fitness for this contest was [they believed] was put on display in an American zoo as beyond dispute. The disappearance of blacks as a 5 an example of an evolutionarily inferior race, then, would only be a matter of time.’ race. The incident clearly reveals the rac- Each new American census showed that this pre- ism of Darwinism and the extent to which diction of Darwin was wrong because ‘the black population the theory gripped the hearts and minds showed no signs of failing, and might even be on the rise.’ of scientists and journalists in the early Not content ‘to wait for natural selection to grind out the 1900s. As humans move away from this answer,’ one senator even tried to establish programs to time in history, we can more objectively convince — or even force — Afro-Americans to return 6 look back at the horrors that Darwinism back to Africa. -
International Legal Context
THE RIGHTS OF THE PYGMY PEOPLE IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO International Legal Context Prepared by S. James Anaya Moira Gracey Leonardo Alvarado Indigenous Peoples Law & Policy Program The University of Arizona, Rogers College of Law Tucson, Arizona for Rainforest Foundation - UK The Rights of the Pygmy People in Congo – International Legal Context CONTENTS I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 II. Overview of International Human Rights Treaties to which the Congo is a Party................... 4 A. AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS .......................................................... 5 B. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS (ICCPR)............................... 8 C. CONVENTION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (CONVENTION AGAINST DISCRIMINATION).................................................................. 12 D. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS .................... 14 E. OTHER INTERNATIONAL TREATIES TO WHICH CONGO IS A PARTY......................................... 17 III. Other International Instruments Relevant to the Rights of Indigenous Peoples................... 18 A. ILO CONVENTION NO. 169 ................................................................................................... 19 B. INTER-AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS ................................................................ 24 C. INTERNATIONAL DECLARATIONS AND POLICY -
No. 334: a Visual Exploration of Race and Identity
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Honors Theses Undergraduate Research 2012 No. 334: A Visual Exploration of Race and Identity Naudline Pierre Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/honors Recommended Citation Pierre, Naudline, "No. 334: A Visual Exploration of Race and Identity" (2012). Honors Theses. 35. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/honors/35 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. John Nevins Andrews Scholars Andrews University Honors Program Honors Thesis No. 334: A Visual Exploration of Race and Identity Naudline Pierre April 2, 2012 Advisor: Professor Steve Hansen Primary Advisor Signature: __________________________ Department: __________________________ Pierre 2 No. 334: A Visual Exploration of Race and Identity Abstract Throughout history, humans have invented several methods of classification—most of which I find unsettling. The human need to classify is one that is deeply rooted in the search for identity. This senior thesis project is essentially a documentation of my journey to finding, understanding, and accepting my identity, through the lens of human classification based on physical attributes. Through the research of various human classification systems, such as scientific racism and somatotyping, and through the creation of a compelling body of artwork, I want to both inform and disturb the viewer while raising questions about classification, race, and identity.