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Mesovoid Shallow Substratum As a Biodiversity Hotspot for Conservation Priorities: Analysis of Oribatid Mite (Acari: Oribatida) Fauna Ioana Nae, Raluca Ioana Băncilă

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Mesovoid Shallow Substratum As a Biodiversity Hotspot for Conservation Priorities: Analysis of Oribatid Mite (Acari: Oribatida) Fauna Ioana Nae, Raluca Ioana Băncilă Mesovoid shallow substratum as a biodiversity hotspot for conservation priorities: analysis of oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) fauna Ioana Nae, Raluca Ioana Băncilă To cite this version: Ioana Nae, Raluca Ioana Băncilă. Mesovoid shallow substratum as a biodiversity hotspot for conser- vation priorities: analysis of oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) fauna. Acarologia, Acarologia, 2017, 57 (4), pp.855-868. 10.24349/acarologia/20174202. hal-01598394 HAL Id: hal-01598394 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01598394 Submitted on 29 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 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Acarologia 57(4): 855-868 (2017) DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20174202 Mesovoid shallow substratum as a biodiversity hotspot for conservation priorities: analysis of oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) fauna Ioana NAE1,2B and Raluca Ioana BANCIL˘ A˘ 1,3 (Received 09 October 2016; accepted 12 April 2017; published online 06 July 2017; edited by Ekaterina SIDORCHUK) 1"Emil Racovi¸t˘a"Institute of Speleology of Romanian Academy, 13 Septembrie Road, No. 13, 050711, Bucharest, Romania. 2University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, R-050095, Romania. (B) [email protected] 3University Ovidius Constan¸ta,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Al. Universit˘a¸tii,corp B, Constan¸ta,Romania. [email protected] ABSTRACT — The mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) is a unique habitat that shelters and serves as a microrefuge for epigean, endogean and hypogean invertebrate species. Understanding the MSS community0s spatio-temporal structure and species diversity patterns in relation to environmental parameters plays a crucial role in conservation. In this study we investigated: i) the diversity and community structure of oribatid mites from the edaphic habitat, superficial MSS (i.e., the upper layer of MSS) and deep MSS (i.e., lower layer of MSS) in an alpine region of Southern Carpathians, Romania, and ii) the relationships between the oribatid mite communities and the environmental variables, such as temperature and humidity. The composition and the structure of oribatid communities differed along the three habitats indicating possible habitat specialization. The structure of the oribatid community was influenced by temperature and humidity. The rich and mixed oribatid communities in the MSS and the oribatid communities0 response to surface and subsurface environmental variables suggest that the MSS may offer a micro-refuge for edaphic species when the conditions in the surface habitats become too harsh. Thus, we suggest that MSS should be prioritized for conservation because it may be a key component in maintaining biodiversity. KEYWORDS — community structure; conservation; diversity; edaphic habitat; MSS; oribatid mites ZOOBANK — 6274E042-BBA1-44B9-B1CE-9DA5BE36EABE INTRODUCTION e.g. Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) commu- nities are less known. Described in 1980 as ”Mil- Exploring how community composition and diver- lieu Souterrain Superficiel”, MSS is an intermediate sity change across spatial and temporal scales is im- habitat between the base of the soil and the bedrock. portant for biodiversity conservation as it explains It is composed by a network of small cracks and the sources of diversity and the processes that cre- voids and is commonly situated in the lower levels ate or maintain diversity (Veech et al. 2002; Ger- of scree slopes (Juberthie et al. 1980; Juberthie 1983). ing et al. 2003; Noda 2004). Work in this field of research using oribatid mite species has mostly fo- The MSS’s particular environmental conditions, cused on species-area relationships or arboreal com- i.e., absence of light and photoperiod, low temper- munities (Maraun and Scheu 2000; Kaneko et al. ature fluctuations (Culver and Pipan 2014), very 2005; Fischer et al. 2010). Subsoil compartments, high humidity (Giachino and Vailati 2010) and bi- http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ 855 ISSN 0044-586-X (print). ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic) Nae I. and B˘ancil˘aR.I. directional flux of organic material (Culver and Pi- important karst areas in Romania (Nitzu et al. 2014). pan 2014) make it a unique habitat that shelters Piatra Craiului Massif is a 20 km2 limestone ridge and serves as a microrefuge for epigean, endo- with more than 500 caves and diverse types of talus gean and hypogean invertebrate species (Nitzu et and scree slopes, both covered and open (see Culver al. 2014). Therefore, understanding the MSS com- and Pipan 2014). munity structure and diversity as related to spatio- Three sampling sites were selected: (1) Cerdacul temporal variation of environmental factors is im- Stanciului – a mobile limestone scree situated near portant. Stanciului Cave; (2) Marele Grohotis, – the largest Recent studies revealed that the MSS is inhab- mobile nude limestone scree accumulation from Pi- ited predominantly by oribatid mites (Skubała et al. atra Craiului Massif; and (3) Valea Seac˘a– a stabi- 2013). Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, in- lized type of MSS, covered by forest (spruce and cluding the alpine regions, and are one of the richest beech). and most abundant of the Acari taxa in soils with Cerdacul Stanciului and Marele Grohotis, are high content of decaying organic matter (Krantz sub-alpine habitats, classified as "calcareous and and Walter 2009). Oribatid abundance is influenced calcashist screes of the montane to alpine levels – by environmental variables such as temperature Thlaspietea rotundifolii" (Donit, ˘a et al. 2005) and are and humidity (Culver and Pipan 2014, Mumladze et listed in the 8210 habitat types following Natura al. 2015, Pipan et al. 2011). There is limited informa- 2000 habitats classification. Valea Seac˘ais a R6111 tion on oribatid mites from MSS, and the patterns type of habitat – Carpathian South-East commu- and drivers of their diversity and community struc- nities of fixed screes with Geranium macrrorhizum, et al. ture are poorly understood (Jiménez-Valverde Sedum fabaria and Geranium lucidum (Donit, ˘a et al. 2015). Although the interest in evaluating the im- 2005). portance of the MSS as a hot spot for invertebrate di- All Oribatida material used in this study was col- versity increased in the last years (Nae and Ilie 2004; lected as a part of a broader study concerning the Nitzu et al. 2006; Nitzu et al. 2010; Nitzu et al. 2014; diversity of epigeal invertebrates, commonly bee- Pipan et al. 2011), there is little information on ori- tles and wandering spiders (Nitzu et al. 2014). Pit- batid community structure and spatio-temporal dy- fall traps were used to collect invertebrates from namics in these environments (Skubała et al. 2013). edaphic habitat (EDAF), and drillings for MSS In this study we aim to investigate: i) the diver- (López and Oromi 2010). Pitfall traps might not be sity and community structure of oribatid mites from the most effective sampling technique for oribatid edaphic environment, superficial MSS (i.e., the up- mites, as the traps sample surface-active inverte- per layer of MSS) and deep MSS (i.e., lower layer brates, estimating the abundance of each species as of MSS) in a sub-alpine region in the Piatra Craiu- a function of its activity during the sampling period lui National Park, Southern Carpathians, Romania; and population density in the habitat (Brown and ii) the relationships between the environmental vari- Matthews 2016). Thus this study provides data on ables, such as temperature and humidity, and diver- oribatid species activity-density, i.e., the abundance sity and community structure of oribatid mites. We of a species in pitfall traps is an unknown function discuss the results in the context of increased inter- of that species’ surface activity and density in the est in studying MSS habitats from an ecological per- surrounding habitat, but for simplicity we refer to spective, and we provide here a first comprehensive oribatid mite “abundance” throughout the paper. study on the oribatid mite communities in MSS. The MSS was sampled at two depths: 0.5 m – the superficial MSS (SMSS) and 0.75 m – the deep MSS MATERIALS AND METHODS (DMSS). The MSS at each sampling site was sam- pled at two altitudes: Cerdacul Stanciului at 1637 m The study area is located in the Piatra Craiului Na- and 1672 m, Marele Grohotis, at 1579 m and 1580 m tional Park, Southern Carpathians, one of the most and Valea Seac˘aat 1087 m and 1200 m, respectively 856 Acarologia 57(4): 855-868 (2017) (Table 1). However, the drilling at 1200 m was lost once a month from April to November (8 months), (represented by missing values (-) in Table 1).
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