DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine Archaeology Survey of Redfish Bay Pipeline Project Nueces County, Texas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine Archaeology Survey of Redfish Bay Pipeline Project Nueces County, Texas BOB Project 2018-06 MARINE ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY OF REDFISH BAY PIPELINE PROJECT NUECES COUNTY, TEXAS Prepared for: Project Consulting Services, Inc. 1800 West Loop South, Suite 900 Houston, Texas 77027 Prepared by: BOB Hydrographics, LLC 1315 Fall Creek Loop Cedar Park, Texas 78613 Principal Investigator: Robert Gearhart February 2019 BOB Project 2018-06 MARINE ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY OF REDFISH BAY PIPELINE PROJECT NUECES COUNTY, TEXAS Texas Antiquities Permit No. 8645 Prepared for: Project Consulting Services, Inc. 1800 West Loop South, Suite 900 Houston, Texas 77027Prepared by: BOB Hydrographics, LLC 1315 Fall Creek Loop Cedar Park, Texas 78613 Principal Investigator: Robert Gearhart February 2019 i | P a g e Table of Contents Page List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ iv I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 II. Physical Environment ............................................................................................................................ 2 III. Cultural Background .......................................................................................................................... 3 Maritime History ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Potential for Historic Shipwrecks .............................................................................................................. 8 Factors Affecting Vessel Loss ................................................................................................................ 8 Factors Affecting Vessel Preservation................................................................................................. 10 Previous Investigations ........................................................................................................................... 10 IV. Research Design .............................................................................................................................. 11 Survey Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Interpretation of Magnetometer Data ................................................................................................... 12 Role of Sonar Imagery ......................................................................................................................... 13 Amplitude ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Complexity .......................................................................................................................................... 14 Horizontal Dimensions ........................................................................................................................ 17 Orientation .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Significance Criteria ............................................................................................................................ 21 V. Results ................................................................................................................................................. 21 Side-Scan Sonar ................................................................................................................................... 22 Magnetometer .................................................................................................................................... 22 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 22 VI. References Cited ............................................................................................................................. 26 Appendix A: Side-Scan Sonar Mosaic (Not for Public Disclosure) ............................................................. A-1 Appendix B: Magnetic Contours (Not for Public Disclosure) ..................................................................... B-1 Appendix C: Geophysical Targets Recommended for Avoidance (Not for Public Disclosure) ................... C-1 Appendix D: Texas Antiquities Permit 8645 and THC Concurrence Letter ............................................... D-1 ii | P a g e List of Figures Page Figure 1: Project Location ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Figure 2: Bathymetry .................................................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 3: Survey area in 1884....................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 4: Survey area in 1887....................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 5: Example of a Verified Shipwreck Anomaly, Site 41CL92 .......................................................................... 16 Figure 6: City of Waco Anomaly (iron hull) ............................................................................................................... 17 Figure 7: Induced Magnetic Anomaly ....................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 8: 41CH372 Anomaly (steel hull) .................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 9: Mag-13 Wreck Anomaly (wooden hull)..................................................................................................... 20 Figure 10: Anomaly 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 11: Anomaly 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 12: Anomaly 3 ................................................................................................................................................. 25 List of Tables Page Table 1: Wrecks Reported Within Three Miles of Survey Area ................................................................................. 9 Table 2: Previous Investigations Within Three Miles of the Survey Area ............................................................... 11 Table C-1: Geophysical Targets Recommended for Avoidance (Not for Public Disclosure) ................................ C-1 iii | P a g e Abstract BOB Hydrographics, LLC (BOB) conducted a marine archaeological survey of a proposed pipeline project crossing Redfish Bay, in Nueces County. Project Consulting Services, Inc. contracted with BOB for this project, on behalf of the project sponsor, Axis Midstream Holdings, LLC. The survey spans portions of State Mineral Lease Tracts 321, 324, 325, 326, 327, and 328 between the community of Aransas Pass and Harbor Island. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) encompasses 203 acres. A total of 299 acres was surveyed, including petroleum-industry access channels connected to each end of the main survey corridor and a 50-meter buffer around the proposed APE as mandated by the Texas Historical Commission. Water depth ranged from 2.9-11.7 feet during the survey. Field investigations included a marine geophysical survey, performed under Texas Antiquities Permit 8645, on November 16 and 17, 2018. BOB assessed all geophysical data acquired by the survey to locate potential archaeological sites that could be affected by construction-related activities. No artifacts were collected during this survey. A review of cultural background determined that 5 marine archaeological investigations and, at least, 9 wrecks have been reported within 3 miles of the survey area. Analysis of survey results discovered 3 significant geophysical targets that might be potentially eligible as State Antiquities Landmarks and for the National Register of Historic Places. This study was completed in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Public Law 89-665; 16 U.S.C. 470) and the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resource Code, Title 9, Chapter 191). The minimum reporting and survey requirements for marine archaeological studies conducted under a Texas Antiquities Permit are mandated by The Texas Administrative Code, Title 13, Part 2, Chapters 26 and 28, respectively. Project records will be curated by the Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University-San Marcos. iv | P a g e I. Introduction BOB Hydrographics, LLC (BOB) conducted a marine archaeological survey of a proposed pipeline project crossing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Texas Hurricane History
    Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 21 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 24 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 29 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 31 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 38 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 39 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 48 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 68 Acknowledgments 74 Bibliography 75 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Ostracoda in Texas Bays Wand Lagoons: an Ecologic Study
    CHARLES E. KIj Ostracoda in and LOUIS S. KORMCKER Texas Bays Wand Lagoons: An Ecologic Study SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1970 NUMBER 24 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to ^oology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. Each publica- tion is distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, institutes, and interested specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smith- sonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Freshwater Inflows in Sustaining Estuarine Ecosystem Health in the San Antonio Bay Region
    The Role of Freshwater Inflows in Sustaining Estuarine Ecosystem Health in the San Antonio Bay Region Contract Number 05-018 September 15, 2006 1. Introduction Estuaries are vital aquatic habitats for supporting marine life, and they confer a multitude of benefits to humans in numerous ways. These benefits include the provision of natural resources used for a variety of market activities, recreational opportunities, transportation and aesthetics, as well as ecological functions such as storing and cycling nutrients, absorbing and detoxifying pollutants, maintaining the hydrological cycle, and moderating the local climate. The wide array of beneficial processes, functions and resources provided by the ecosystem are referred to collectively as “ecosystem services.” From this perspective, an estuary can be viewed as a valuable natural asset, or natural capital, from which these multiple goods and services flow.1 The quantity, quality and temporal variance of freshwater inflows are essential to the living and non-living components of bays and estuaries. Freshwater inflows to sustain ecosystem functions affect estuaries at all basic physical, chemical, and biological levels of interaction. The functional role of freshwater in the ecology of estuarine environments has been scientifically reviewed and is relatively well understood. This role is summarized in section 3, after a brief overview of the geographical context of the San Antonio Bay Region in the next section. Section 4 follows with discussion of the impacts of reduced freshwater inflow to the San Antonio Bay. Section 5 concludes with some general observations. 2. Geographical Context The San Antonio Bay Region, formed where the Guadalupe River meets the Guadalupe Estuary, teems with life.
    [Show full text]
  • ARANSAS PASS, TX LOGISTICS HUB INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY | SAN PATRICIO COUNTY Rare Opportunity Poised for Redevelopment to Fuel the Area’S Industrial Boom
    ARANSAS PASS, TX LOGISTICS HUB INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY | SAN PATRICIO COUNTY Rare opportunity poised for redevelopment to fuel the area’s industrial boom FM ROAD 2725 FM ROAD 2725 ±196 Gross Acres INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY Located on the Intracoastal Waterway, just north of the Corpus Christi Ship Channel BILL BOYER STEVE HESSE GRAY GILBERT 713.881.0919 713.881.0904 713.985.4414 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] APLogisticsHub.com ARANSAS PASS, TX LOGISTICS HUB INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY 196 GROSS ACRES: • ±159.64 Acres • ±36.41 Acres Located with ease of access to Corpus Christi Ship Channel & Gulf of Mexico. N TX-35 35 TEXAS N 35 TEXAS TX-35 35 TEXAS ARANSAS BAY ARANSAS McCAMPBELL PASS PORTER AIRPORT 361 SAN JOSE ISLAND 361 361 LA QUINTA SHIP CHANNEL INGLESIDE INGLESIDE ON REDFISH BAY THE BAY INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY PORT ARANSAS MUSTANG BEACH CORPUS CHRISTI SHIP CHANNEL AIRPORT GULF OF MEXICO ±196 Gross Acres ARANSAS PASS, TX LOGISTICS HUB INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY PROPERTY INFORMATION UTILITIES ELECTRICITY: WATER: GAS: ENGIE RESOURCES CITY OF COKINOS GAS ELECTRICITY ARANSAS PASS PROPERTY FEATURES 1982 FM 2725, LAND TRACT - ARANSAS PASS • ±159.64 Gross Acres on the Intracoastal Waterway, just north of the Corpus Christi Ship Channel • ~10 miles from Gulf of Mexico • No overhead restrictions • 457,957 SF in 24 buildings (built between 1970 and 1998); up to 55’ clear height, crane served • Water Frontage: • ~2,850 linear feet of frontage 16’-33’ depth • ~1,000 linear feet of steel bulkhead • Industrial zone • Heavy stabilization – ground bearing pressure 15 KPIS/SF • ±36.41 Gross Acres of raw land • Access to rail spur • Dredge spoils permitted ARANSAS PASS, TX LOGISTICS HUB INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY N 1982 FM 2725, Aransas Pass, TX 78336 San Patricio County SURVEY ARANSAS PASS, TX LOGISTICS HUB INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY 1982 FM 2725, Aransas Pass, TX 78336 - San Patricio County ±196 Gross Acres 457,957 SF Manufacturing Facility in 24 buildings.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status and Historical Trends of Seagrass in the CCBNEP Study
    Current Status and Historical Trends of Seagrass in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program Study Area Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program CCBNEP-20 • October 1997 This project has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement #CE-9963-01-2 to the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. The contents of this document do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Environmental Protection Agency or the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, nor do the contents of this document necessarily constitute the views or policy of the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program Management Conference or its members. The information presented is intended to provide background information, including the professional opinion of the authors, for the Management Conference deliberations while drafting official policy in the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP). The mention of trade names or commercial products does not in any way constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. Current Status and Historical Trends of Seagrasses in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program Study Area Warren Pulich, Jr., Ph.D. Catherine Blair Coastal Studies Program Texas Parks & Wildlife Department 3000 IH 35 South Austin, Texas 78704 and William A. White The University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology University Station Box X Austin, Texas 78713 Publication CCBNEP - 20 October 1997 Policy Committee Commissioner John Baker Mr. Jerry Clifford Policy Committee Chair Policy Committee Vice-Chair Texas Natural Resource Conservation Acting Regional Administrator, EPA Region 6 Commission The Honorable Vilma Luna Commissioner Ray Clymer State Representative Texas Parks and Wildlife Department The Honorable Carlos Truan Commissioner Garry Mauro Texas Senator Texas General Land Office The Honorable Josephine Miller Commissioner Noe Fernandez County Judge, San Patricio County Texas Water Development Board The Honorable Loyd Neal Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • National Coastal Condition Assessment 2010
    You may use the information and images contained in this document for non-commercial, personal, or educational purposes only, provided that you (1) do not modify such information and (2) include proper citation. If material is used for other purposes, you must obtain written permission from the author(s) to use the copyrighted material prior to its use. Reviewed: 7/27/2021 Jenny Wrast Environmental Institute of Houston FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 Lakes Field Lab, Data Report Research Design Field Lab, Data Rivers Design Field Lab, Data Report Research Design Field Streams Research Design Field Lab, Data Report Research Design Coastal Report Research Design Field Lab, Data Report Research Wetlands Research Research Research Design Field Lab, Data Report 11 sites in: • Sabine Lake • Galveston Bay • Trinity Bay • West Bay • East Bay • Christmas Bay 26 sites in: • East Matagorda Bay • Tres Palacios Bay • Lavaca Bay • Matagorda Bay • Carancahua Bay • Espiritu Santu Bay • San Antonio Bay • Ayres Bay • Mesquite Bay • Copano Bay • Aransas Bay 16 sites in: • Corpus Christi Bay • Nueces Bay • Upper Laguna Madre • Baffin Bay • East Bay • Alazan Bay •Lower Laguna Madre Finding Boat Launches Tracking Forms Locating the “X” Site Pathogen Indicator Enterococcus Habitat Assessment Water Field Measurements Light Attenuation Basic Water Chemistry Chlorophyll Nutrients Sediment Chemistry and Composition •Grain Size • TOC • Metals Sediment boat and equipment cleaned • PCBs after every site. • Organics Benthic Macroinvertebrates Sediment Toxicity Minimum of 3-Liters of sediment required at each site. Croaker Spot Catfish Whole Fish Sand Trout Contaminants Pinfish •Metals •PCBs •Organics Upper Laguna Madre Hurricanes Hermine & Igor Wind & Rain Upper Laguna Madre Copano Bay San Antonio Bay—August Trinity Bay—July Copano Bay—September Jenny Kristen UHCL-EIH Lynne TCEQ Misty Art Crowe Robin Cypher Anne Rogers Other UHCL-EIH Michele Blair Staff Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 28.6-ACRE WATERFRONT RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY 28.6 ACRES of Leisure on the La Buena Vida Texas Coastline
    La Buena Rockport/AransasVida Pass, Texas 78336 La Buena Vida 28.6-ACRE WATERFRONT RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY 28.6 ACRES Of leisure on the La Buena Vida Texas coastline. ROCKPORT/ARANSAS PASS EXCLUSIVE WATERFRONT COMMUNITY ACCESSIBILITY Adjacent to Estes Flats, Redfish Bay & Aransas Bay, popular salt water fishing spots for Red & Black drum Speckled Trout, and more. A 95-acre residential enclave with direct channel access to the Intracoastal IDEAL LOCATION Waterway, Redfish Bay, and others Nestled between the two recreational’ sporting towns of Rockport & Aransas Pass. LIVE OAK COUNTRY CLUB TX-35 35 TEXAS PALM HARBOR N BAHIA BAY ISLANDS OF ROCKORT LA BUENA VIDA 35 TEXAS CITY BY THE SEA TX-35 35 TEXAS ARANSAS BAY GREGORY PORT ARANSAS ARANSAS McCAMPBELL PASS PORTER AIRPORT 361 SAN JOSE ISLAND 361 361 INGLESIDE INGLESIDE ON THE BAY REDFISH BAY PORT ARANSAS MUSTANG BEACH AIRPORT SPREAD 01 At Home in Rockport & Aransas Pass Intimate & Friendly Coastal Community RECREATIONAL THRIVING DESTINATION ARTS & CULTURE Opportunity for fishing, A strong artistic and waterfowl hunting, cultural identity boating, water sports, • Local art center camping, hiking, golf, etc. • Variety of galleries • Downtown museums • Cultural institutions NATURAL MILD WINTERS & PARADISE WARM SUMMERS Featuring some of the best Destination for “Winter birdwatching in the U.S. Texans,” those seeking Home to Aransas National reprieve from colder Wildlife Refuge, a protected climates. haven for the endangered Whooping Crane and many other bird and marine species. SPREAD 02 N At Home in Rockport & Aransas Pass ARANSAS COUNTY AREA ATTRACTIONS & AIRPORT AMENITIES FULTON FULTON BEACH HARBOUR LIGHT PARK SALT LAKE POPEYES COTTAGES PIZZA HUT HAMPTON INN IBC BANK THE INN AT ACE HARDWARE FULTON ELEMENTARY FULTON HARBOUR SCHOOL ENROLLMENT: 509 THE LIGHTHOUSE INN - ROCKPORT FM 3036 BROADWAY ST.
    [Show full text]
  • How Historical Myths Are Born ...And Why They Seldom
    A depiction of La Salle's Texas settlement from Carlos Castañeda's Our Catholic Heritage in Texas (volume l) bearing the misnomer "Fort Saint Louis." How Historical Myths Are Born . And Why They Seldom Die* BY DONALD E. CHIPMAN AND ROBERT S. WEDDLE* Introduction HEN CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS MADE HIS FIRST LANDFALL ON the fringe of North America, he believed he had reached the WEast Indies. He therefore called the strange people he met "Indians," a name that came to be applied to all American indigenes. In similar manner, inappropriate names—or names misapplied—have risen all across the Americas. When one of these historical errors arises, it takes on a life of its own, though not without a healthy boost from us historians. Historians, of course, come in all stripes, and so do the myths they espouse. Somedmes the most egregious of them may result from the purest intentions. But there is no denying that others are born of impure motives, of which the most prevalent perhaps is chauvinism—bending his- tory out of shape by falsely linking some major historic episode to one's native province. Mostly, however, such miscues arise from the urgency to provide answers—an explanation, a name, or an opinion—before the facts at hand justify it. For example, consider the various identities posited for the river shown on the famous "Pineda" map sketch (ca. 1519) as El Rio del Espíritu Santo. Was it the Mississippi as it has been long thought to be, or some other stream, perhaps as far east as Florida or as far west as Texas? Still * Donald E.
    [Show full text]
  • Estuaries & Bays
    Estuaries & Bays 67 HOUSTON ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY ESTUARIES & BAYS A GULF OF MEXICO ESTUARY has a definite geometry, a pairing of one river or several with a pass or passes con- necting the bay to the Gulf. Within the last few thousand years—just the other day, geologically speaking—the sea level was about two hundred feet lower than it is today. In places the coastline was dozens or hundreds of miles far- ther out into the Gulf than it is now. As frozen water was unlocked when the last ice age retreated, the Gulf began to rise to its current level, flooding river val- leys that had cut into the shelf. Three of these flooded river valleys became the three great estuaries of the upper Texas coast: the Sabine Lake system that we share with Louisiana; the Galveston Bay system south and east of Houston; and the Matagorda Bay sys- tem to the southwest. Over time, river and Gulf The Black-crowned night sediments formed barrier islands paralleling the heron, Nycticorax nyc- coast and almost blocking the mouths of flooded ticorax, a resident of our valleys, so that only one or two openings allow estuaries, stalks its prey at the energy from the uplands to flow through the night, hence its name. bays and into the Gulf. We have been slow to appreciate what tremendous natural resources these water bodies are. Sabine Lake receives its fresh water from the Houston Bays Sabine and Neches rivers and Taylor Bayou and State Parks, WMA’s and <100 National Wildlife Refuges is connected to the Gulf by Sabine Pass.
    [Show full text]
  • U N S U U S E U R a C S
    WALLER MONTGOMERY Prairie S 6 2 1 t DISTRICT 8 H 3 MONTGOMERY 4 View w 6 y Tomball y Waller DISTRICT East Fork San w H Jacinto River t StLp 494 Dayton LEE Spring 8 S S China tH Pine Island w Liberty Ames y Nome 7 DISTRICT y S Devers 1 7 w t 3 H H 2 59 w S 1 y y 10 w t LIBERTY H H 9 2 Smithville t 5 4 w 1 S y Hempstead 9 Eastex y w Fwy 3 H 6 Hwy Atascocita DISTRICT S S S t H wy 159 DISTRICT t tH 9 Industry S 5 Lake Houston H 2 w 1 y 110th Congress of the United States w t y S Hw y w 7 tH y w Humble H y 1 w 15 t H 18 1 y 159 9 t on 4 4 S m u 6 JEFFERSON 0 a 3 e 1 y 71 Bellville B 6 w StHwy N y o w tH DISTRICT rt h H S we S t s t S Cedar Creek Reservoir t F Jersey L w p 10 y Village 8 Old River- 6 ( Crosby N Winfree y Aldine La Grange o w Fayetteville r H t t h S y B Hw e nt 4 StHwy 36 o r l eaum 2 WALLER t B e ) 1 v Sheldon i y Lake Charlotte Hw Lost R t Barrett S Lake y t C i e n 5 DISTRICT HARRIS d Mont a ri 9 r B Belvieu T y San Jacinto yu w 7 StHwy 73 H River t Beaumont S Hwy Cloverleaf 1 Winnie Pattison Hilshire 6 Highlands Lake Katy Village y Spring Cove Cotton Lake Anahuac w H StHwy 65 S Channelview t t Valley H S w San Hwy Jacinto Stowell BASTROP y Brookshire 7 1 Felipe Katy Blvd City Hedwig Village Hunters Old Alligator Sealy Fwy Creek River Bayou Anahuac Village Baytown CALDWELL Houston Piney Beach Bunker Hill e Scott Bay Point d Galena i 6 City Village Village West University s 4 Cinco y Park DISTRICT 1 a Dr Bessies Cr ) Place y AUSTIN Ranch y W w w H FAYETTE k 29 t P S Ma Columbus FM n adena Fwy CHAMBERS in o as S P Weimar FM
    [Show full text]
  • Hunting & Fishing Regulations H
    2017-2018 2017-2018 2017-2018 Hunting & Fishing Regulations Regulations Regulations Fishing Fishing & & Hunting Hunting Hunting & Fishing Regulations FISHING FOR A RECORD RECORD A FOR FISHING FISHING FOR A RECORD BY AUBRY BUZEK BUZEK AUBRY BY BY AUBRY BUZEK ENTER OUR SWEEPSTAKES SWEEPSTAKES OUR ENTER ENTER OUR SWEEPSTAKES PAGE 102 102 PAGE PAGE 102 2017-2018 2017-2018 2017-2018 2017-2018 TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE WILDLIFE WILDLIFE & & PARKS PARKS TEXAS TEXAS TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE OUTDOOROUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOROUTDOOR 6/15/17 4:14 PM 4:14 6/15/17 Download the Mobile App OutdoorAnnual.com/app OutdoorAnnual.com/app App Mobile the 1 Download OA-2017_AC.indd Download the Mobile App OutdoorAnnual.com/app 6/15/17 4:12 PM 4:12 6/15/17 1 2017_OA_cover_FINAL.indd 2017_OA_cover_FINAL.indd 1 6/15/17 4:12 PM 6/15/17 4:12 PM 2017_OA_cover_FINAL.indd 1 ANNUALANNANNUAL AL U ANN ANN ANN ANN ANN ANNUAL ANN ANN ANN ANNUALANNANNUAL AL U ANN ANN ANN ANN ANN ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUALANN ANNUALANN ANN ANN ANN 2017_OA_cover_FINAL.indd 1 6/15/17 4:12 PM PM 4:12 6/15/17 ANNUAL 1 2017_OA_cover_FINAL.indd 2017_OA_cover_FINAL.indd 1 6/15/17 4:12 PM Download the Mobile App Mobile the Download Download the Mobile App OutdoorAnnual.com/app Download the Mobile App OutdoorAnnual.com/app OutdoorAnnual.com/app OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR OUTDOOR TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE WILDLIFE WILDLIFE & & PARKS
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Relations with the Apache Nations East of the Rio Grande
    SPANISH RELATIONS WITH THE APACHE NATIONS EAST OF THE RIO GRANDE Jeffrey D. Carlisle, B.S., M.A. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2001 APPROVED: Donald Chipman, Major Professor William Kamman, Committee Member Richard Lowe, Committee Member Marilyn Morris, Committee Member F. Todd Smith, Committee Member Andy Schoolmaster, Committee Member Richard Golden, Chair of the Department of History C. Neal Tate, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Carlisle, Jeffrey D., Spanish Relations with the Apache Nations East of the Río Grande. Doctor of Philosophy (History), May 2001, 391 pp., bibliography, 206 titles. This dissertation is a study of the Eastern Apache nations and their struggle to survive with their culture intact against numerous enemies intent on destroying them. It is a synthesis of published secondary and primary materials, supported with archival materials, primarily from the Béxar Archives. The Apaches living on the plains have suffered from a lack of a good comprehensive study, even though they played an important role in hindering Spanish expansion in the American Southwest. When the Spanish first encountered the Apaches they were living peacefully on the plains, although they occasionally raided nearby tribes. When the Spanish began settling in the Southwest they changed the dynamics of the region by introducing horses. The Apaches quickly adopted the animals into their culture and used them to dominate their neighbors. Apache power declined in the eighteenth century when their Caddoan enemies acquired guns from the French, and the powerful Comanches gained access to horses and began invading northern Apache territory.
    [Show full text]