April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11245 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A TRIBUTE TO THE HONORABLE which he has performed so well, Roy women who have served our country in ROY E. GRANTHAM Grantham leaves a record of accomplish­ the military. ment which typifies all that is best in It is my hope that Congress will not HON. GLENN ENGLISH the tradition of American public service. take any steps toward changing the vet­ I am pleased to join with his many erans preference in civil service pro­ OF OKLAHOMA friends and colleagues in expressing our cedures. Civil service reform is a worthy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deepest appreciation to Senator Grant­ undertaking for President Carter and Monday, April 24, 1978 ham for his years of dedication to the this Congress, but I personally cannot needs of our State.• • Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. Speaker, I want to support any measures that would be bring to my colleagues' attention the detrimental to the interests of our outstanding record of service of Senator TRUE INTENT OF VETERANS veterans.• Roy Grantham, who is retiring from PREFERENCE Office this year after 28 years of commit­ ment to the needs of the people of FEDERAL SALARY INCREASE Oklahoma. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG SHOULD BE 5.5 PERCENT I can say without hesitation that no OF member of the Oklahoma Senate com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JIM MATTOX mands greater respect than Senator Monday, April 24, 1978 OF TEXAS Grantham, who has been variously se­ lected by his own colleagues as the most • Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, I want to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES voice my strong personal objection to the Monday, April 24, 1978 helpful senator, the best committee reduction in veterans preference pro­ chairman, and the member best liked by posed by President Carter. • Mr. MATTOX. Mr. Speaker, the first­ those with whom he has served. In his recent message to Congress, the target budget resolution, which will be Roy Emery Grantham was born in considered on the floor of the House of 1907 in Oklahoma territory. He has President asked that we enact legislation which would sharply limit the advan­ Representatives on May 2 and 3, should earned three degrees from Oklahoma be amended to target a pay increase for University, has served in the Army and tages that veterans receive in civil serv­ ice hiring and firing procedures. Before all Federal employees not to exceed 5.5 the Army Reserve, and has been county percent. The budget resolution as re­ attorney for Kay County, Okla. the Post Office and Civil Service Commit­ tee votes on the President's proposal­ ported out of the committee assumes 6- He was first elected to the Oklahoma contained in legislation numbered H.R. percent funding for increases in Fed­ State Senate in 1950, and has served in 11280-the committee should examine eral salaries. that body continuously since that time. clo~ely the true meaning and intent of Specifically, my amendment will tar­ As chairman of the senate's judiciary the veterans preference. get a reduction of $255 million in budget committee for the past decade, he has The veterans preference in civil serv­ authority and outlays in order to roll been able to combine his varied talents ice hiring does not give veterans an ad­ back the Federal salary increase to the as teacher, attorney, and lawmaker. vantage in the job market; rather, it is 5.5-percent level. The President's rec­ "Every committee meeting is like attend­ an attempt to makeup for the disadvan­ ommendation for this action came ing a legal seminar," commented one tage they face because of time spent out after our committee had finished its committee member. Under Grantham's of the work force. In particular, when deliberations, otherwise I woud have leadership, the judiciary committee has the veteran leaves the service, he or she offered it then. I hope, however, it can become one of the most productive com­ is far behind his or her contemporaries be accepted as a committee amend­ mittees and its meetings have become the ment. best attended in the entire senate. in terms of work experience, skills, and seniority. Thus, the veterans preference This is one of the major recommenda­ Senator Grantham is perhaps best is an effort to compensate them for their tions of the President of the United known for presiding over the impeach­ disadvantage in getting a job and ad­ States as a first step toward abating the ment trial of a member of the Oklahoma vancing in that job. extreme inflationa1-y pressures we are Supreme Court. During the proceedings, Mr. Speaker, I must also oppose the currenty experiencing. It has been set both sides were ample in their praise of provisions of the bill that limit the vet­ forth by the President as an example of his evenhanded performance. Subse­ erans preference in reduction-in-force essential Federal restraint, which, hope­ quently, the Ponca City lawmaker has situations. Under the President's pro­ fully, will serve as a guideline for State headed special committees investigating and local governments and business allegations of wrongdoing in the Okla­ posal, after 3 years of Government serv­ homa Corporation Commission, the ice a veteran would be entitled to only and labor groups. Highway Commission, and the personnel an additional 5 years seniority for pur­ In the battle against inflation, which administration system. In every case, his poses of determining his or her rights in involves every man, woman, and child leadership has meant fairness and equity reduction-in-force situatioru::. in the United States, someone must be for all involved-whether the inquiry Franklin D. Roosevelt clearly stated his willing to take the first step. lead to resignations and corrective legis­ ideas on the veterans preference in re­ The President's recommendation is a lation, or a clean bill of health for those duction-in-force situations. In a letter very modest one that the Congress can under investigation. dated February 26, 1944, Roosevelt wrote endorse and support without inflicting Another measure of Senator Grant­ to the chairman of the Civil Service undue harm on anyone. Federal em­ ham's effectiveness is his overwhelming Committee of the House: ployees will still receive a 5.5 percent up­ popularity among his own constituents. Veterans should be accorded special con­ ward salary adjustment. sideration in connection with any reduc­ On the rare occasions that Grantham tions in total personnel which it may be If our example is followed through­ was opposed for reelection by a member necessary for federal agencies to work out out our vast economy, the benefits to in­ of either party, the voters of district 20 from time to time. dividuals will in the long run, be far responded by giving him decisive margins I see no reason for the Congress to greater than the temporary sacrifice we of victory. stray from the fundamental concept that call upon them to make at this critical Roy Grantham has for many years Roosevelt expressed so forthrightly. time. provided the Oklahoma legislature, and Let me emphasize, Mr. Speaker, that I I urge you to support my amendment the State as a whole, with a model of sympathize with the President's goal of so that the Nation as a whole will know absolute integrity-an integrity which bringing more women and minorities into that the Congress pledges its support to crosses party lines and seeks no personal Government service. I do not believe, all effective initiatives to reduce infla­ or political advantage. however, that this goal should be tion. As he voluntarily leaves the arena in achieved at the expense of the men and Thank you.•

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • 11246 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 HOUSE MEMBERS URGE EXTENSION Margaret Heckler, Stanley Lundine, postsecondary vocational schools to subtract OF DEADLINE FOR ALLOCATING Thomas Downey, Ronald Sarasin, up to $250 from taxes owed on this year's w­ FUEL ASSISTANCE FUNDS Ralph Metcalfe, Dale Klldee, Bob Trax­ come. In 1980, coverage would be expanded ler, Robert Edgar, John Brademas, to include tuition for private elementary Henry Reuss, Adam Benjamin, Mat­ and secondary schools, and the maximum HON. DONALD M. FRASER thew McHugh, Edward Patten, Ber­ write-off would be raised to $500 per student. kley Bedell, Barbara Mikulski, Paul OF The House Ways and Means Committee Simon, James Cleveland, Lester Wol1f, approved a bill April 11 that limits tax credits IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Joseph M«Dade, Robert Kastenmeier, to college tuitions. Parents would be allowed Monday, April 24, 1978 and James Leach.e to subtract from taxes owed up to $100 for each dependent college student this year, •Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, many low­ up to $150 next year and up to $250 in 1980. income people throughout the country THE PEOPLE WANT TAX CREDITS The bill may reach the House fioor next week. have been hard hit by high home heating Neither the New York Times-CBS News costs during this past winter. In order to survey nor the Gallup Poll asked whether deal with this problem, funds were pro­ HON. TOM CORCORAN tuition tax credits should be given to parents vided in the fiscal year 1978 supple­ OF ll.LINOIS of students in private elementary· or second­ mental appropriations bill for the Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ary schools.e munity Services Administration to de­ Monday, April 24, 1978 fray fuel costs for low-income families. e Mr. CORCORAN of Illinois. Mr. RURAL RESIDENTS ELIGIBLE FOR Under agency regulations, the funds HEALTH INSURANCE must be allocated by May 1, 1978. Many Speaker, the New York Times, in an arti­ of us in the House believe this deadline cle on April 20, reported on two surveys to be unworkable and have sent a letter which were currently conducted regard­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE to Community services Administration ing tax relief for families who pay col­ OF n.LINOIS Director Olivarez, urging the agency to lege tuition. The first survey was con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seek an extension of this deadline. A ducted by the New York Times and CBS copy of that letter and its cosigners now News and the second by the Gallup orga­ Monday, April 24, 1978 follows: nization. The Times survey found that 83 • Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker. With con­ percent of the respondents questioned tinued public and private focus on the CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, favored a tax break for college tuition HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, health care sector and the growing fre­ Washington, D.C., April 11, 1978. costs, while only 13 percent were opposed quency of Government criticism of the Dr. GRACIELA OLIVAREZ, and 4 percent replied, "Don't know." The private sector for its alleged lack of in­ Director, Community Services Administra­ second survey by Gallup found that 51 genuity regarding coverage of persons tion, Washington, D.C. percent of those questioned favored tax who might not have available to them DEAR DR. OLIVAREZ: We are writing to urge credits for college tuition as opposed to adequate or existing health insurance that CSA extend the May 1, 1978, spending 34 percent who supported the Carter­ coverage, I would like to share with my deadline for the EEAP program to help de­ Califano plan for expanding existing colleagues the following article. In my fray fuel costs for low-income families and Federal scholarships and loans. Fifteen elderly people hardest hit by this winter's home State of Illinois, the Blue Cross prolonged cold spell. percent responded, "Don't know." and Blue Shield Association has for the As you know, the FY 1978 Supplemental As the principal House sponsor of the past 30 years made available what is . Appropriations Bill was signed into law on "College Tuition Relief Act," I am, of called the Health Improvement Associa­ March 7, after a delay of several months. course, pleased with the findings of these tion

If Government has become unresponsive alone. That ought to be enough to meet any high, government spending replaces private to the people, it is the Congress which must conceivable need. Yet a comprehensive can­ consumption, which declines during ha.rd bear much of the blame. For it ls our job cer prevention plan proposed by the State times. not just to take the credit for new programs, of New Jersey early last year has yet to be But as we head into an inflationary pe­ but to see to it that all ta.x dollars are well funded, because individual Federal agencies riod-which by all accounts we are doing spent. couldn't get together in a joint effort to today-excessive government spending only Today, I believe that Congress ls falling to help the state. makes inflation worse. meet its responsibilities on both important Legislation to remedy this kind of prob­ That means that over the next few years­ counts. Instead, we find ourselves increas­ lem has seldom been used, because each or as long as inflation poses a threat-if we ingly unable to respond to problems which agency insists on going its own separate want to spend more money on a good pro­ arise. For to a surprising degree the hands of way. Only one state in the country, for ex­ gram, we're going to have to throw a bad Congress are tied by legislative commitments ample, has succeeded in untangling dozens one out. we've made in the past. of overlapping planning programs into a. This is not lofty rhetoric about making A brief look at some numbers from the single, unified plan. government more effective. It is a hard fact budget illustrates the reason for my concern. of life-one that Congress can ignore only In 1973, the Federal Register contained President Carter's budget for next year will 35,000 pages of rules and regulations gov­ at subst::mtial political peril to itsO?lf, and at be at least $40 billion larger than last year's devastating economic peril to the nation as erning the way Federal laws are carried out. spending total. a whole. Of that $40 blllion increase, fully three Only four years later, the size of the Reg­ With all this talk of gloom and doom, quarters is automatically committed before ister had almost doubled, to 65,000 pages. where should Congress go from here? the first budget decision ls made. That $30 Twenty-four States and 44 cities now have For starters, Congress took an important blllion wlll be spent on programs we call their own office in Washington to keep up step toward controlling government spend­ ''uncontrollable"-programs which mandate with everything the Federal Government ing four years ago, when it adopted the Con­ certain benefits regardless of cost, and over churns out. gressional Budget Act. In agreeing to budget which neither Congress nor the President ha.s And it's not hard to understand why. reform, Congr:!ss for the first time committed a.ny control save through a.mending or re­ Many programs overlap. Others work at itself to considering the budget as a whole­ pealing existing la.w. Uncontrollable spending cross purposes to each other. of setting spending limits each year and includes such programs a.s social security, No agency knows what any other is doing. trying to abide by them. veterans' benefits, medicaid, medics.re a.nd And until recently, many congressional com­ As chairman of the Senate Budget Com­ welfare. mittees did not even know how ma.ny pro­ mittee since that new process began, I can Only $2.5 bllllon of the increase In next grams fell within their jurisdiction. report that our experience so far has been year's budget is available for all other domes­ In sum, over the last fifteen years, Con­ mixed. tic needs-education, housing, mass transit, gress has created an array of programs so On the positive side, budget reform has pollution control a.nd many more. complex that government cannot deliver dramatically increased the awareness in Con­ More shocking than these numbers ls the the very services we've enacted intc; law. gres3 of the costs of actions we t3.ke. budget trend they confirm. Over roughly the What good does it do us to have 29 On the negative side, budget reform has last ten years, uncontrollable spending has different cancer programs when they can't failed to give us the discipline over spending grown from a.bout 55% of the budget to more work together to do the job? that we need. than 75 % of a.11 Federal spending for fiscal What good does it do us to spend billions The temptation to always spend more on 1979. From 1968 to 1977, the budget grew to revive our older cities and at the same existing programs is irresistibly gr2at. And from $180 billion to $400 blllion. Of that time encourage people to leave the cities in our yearly battle between the budget total increase, a. staggering 37% went for three be!lind? and its individual parts, the parts always uncontrollable programs a.lone-social secu­ The answer is", of course, that it makes no seem to win. rity, medicare a.nd medlcaid. sense at all. So the lesson of budget reform for me is Mea.nwhlle, other spending on which the Why, then, doesn't Congress do something th9.t the process does not go far enough. For public places a. high priority has been to make the system more sane? unless and until Congress gains control over squeezed out. For example, Federal spending The answer to that question lies in the the individual parts of the budget, we will for education ha.s actually grown less than way Congress works. never have truly effective control over the the budget as a whole over this same period. Over the years, Congress has responded to budget as a whole. Why doesn't Congress do something to rein a host of individual problems and needs. We Two years ago, I introduced a bill in the in uncontrollable spending? Because most of have done so with the best of intentions. Senate which I believe can help provide the these programs, in addition to being popular, But we have also done so one program at a kind of extra discipline that we need. Known are almost permanent. They never come up time. as the "sunset" bill, this proposal embodies on a regular basis, for thorough, top-to-bot­ Today, our good intentions notwithstand­ a very simple approach. First, it would re­ tom review. ing, we've accumulated so many programs auire that all Federal programs come up for To be sure, they are amended from time that we have no idea how they all mesh. And r·:!view on a regular b::isis. Only those pro­ to time. to correct the worst examoles of we have even less idea how much the grams which Congress specifically decided to waste. By and large, thev are protected from public's tax dollars have bought. reenact would remain on the books. the normal political and budget nressures of Pressure to continue all these programs Second, the bill would require that all pro­ our democratic process. So each year we is strong. grams of similar purpose come up for review watch them devour ever larger amounts of Support for reexamining them simply does at the same time. This provision would give scarce resources. And each year we are left not exist. Every agency, committee and lobby Congress much needed perspective on the with less room in the budget to meet chang­ wants its own program to not only continue entire Federal effort in an area at once, in­ ing national needs. but grow. No one is willing to take the risk stead of the usual one pro~ram at a time. To make a bad situation worse. the meteoric that fewer programs might be for the good. When the sunset bill was first introduced, rise in uncontrollable snending is not the As a result, we are all paying the price, it had enormous political appeal. More than only factor tying our hands. Uncontrollable in the form of government immobilized by' half the Senate and over a hundred mem­ programs are the big ticket Items, and so the past. bers of the House added their names to the thev command the greatest concern. As one who believes strongly in an active bill's support. Butt.he vast ma1oritv of Fee p;:i.st, Opponents of sunset argue that it will two separate offices have health programs unless Congress is willing to mend its ways. create a workload too great for Congress to that they run. And there is another, more tangible threat manage well. They argue that termination In a single office in the Department of which concerns me very much. It is that if i> too heavy-handed an approach to en­ Housing and Urban develooment, tt>ere is Congress cannot bring spending under con­ courage program review. one program to promote develonment in in­ trol, Government may well drive inflation I believe these arguments are a smoke­ ner cities, and another to encourage develop­ through the roof. screen for other, more political concerns. ment in the suburbs. In a recession, it is important for govern­ The real opposition to sunset, I believe, is Of the many health programs we have. ment to spend money to keep the economy rooted in the very system which makes sun­ there are 29 related to cancer prevention from going dry. When unemployment is set such a good idea-a system that rewards CXXIV--709-Part 9 11266 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 politicians if we pass new programs, but not gress directed the Commission to revise Committee on Interstate and Foreign if we take some away. to be cost effective, nonduplicative, and Commerce, am reiterating the intent ot And sunset, for all its ultimate promise, offers none of us the immediate acclaim we've compatible with present and desired Congress in passing this legislation is come to expect. managerial and responsibility account­ because I understand there is some mis­ Over the long haul, sunset can help free ing requirements of the carriers. In or­ understanding within the industry and up scarce resources-and that will be a der to assure the availability of accu­ the Commission as to our intent. The boon to us all. Indeed, that is the essence rate and pertinent economic and ac­ difficulty arises in part from the fact or my support and hard work for this idea counting data, the act specifically di­ that Congress could not define the vari­ tor the last two years. rects the Commission to revise the sys­ ous appropriate economic principles and But others view the sunset idea as a tem of accounts to give due considera­ terms precisely since, as I observed threat to benefits they've fought hard to win. tion to appropriate economic principles. earlier, the accounting professions could I do not share their worry. And it con­ As the House Committee on Interstate not provide us with such definitions. cerns me very much. and Foreign Commerce carefully ob­ In addition, the Commission initially Our national interests are not set in con­ served in its report of December 12, opposed such a costing methodology. Its crete. And we are not well served by a 1975, on H.R. 10979, it intended these specific objections were set forth in a government which is. principles to include at least peaks in letter to our distinguished chairman, We have a great unfinished agenda-one traffic demand and differences in value Hon. HARLEY 0. STAGGERS, dated Octo­ begun two hundred years ago. To fulfill it of service. we will need to call on every resource we ber 3, 1974: have. Today, we may all have to forgo Peaks in traffic demand and value of serv­ In Title VI, new objectionable language has something we want, so that tomorrow we ice are two economic factors which play a been added in section 601. .. . It requires us will have the resources we need. role in determining costs and the use of ca­ to consider 'peaks in demand' and 'value or We cannot afford a government which does pacity. However, unless such economic !ac­ service' in determining the apportionment not spend our money well. tors are taken into consideration in the com­ of common, joint, fixed or common costs to We cannot afford the inflation which wlll putation of costs, all other traffic will be more than one· service or activity. Peaks in come if government does not tighten its burdened with the cost of unused or ex­ demand and value of service are not use belt. cess capacity. Accordingly, the committee factors to be considered in determination of And we cannot afford a. continuing vote of directed the Commission to devise the sys­ cost. They are economic considerations which no confidence from the people we a.re bound tem of accounts to give due consideration may play a role in product pricing. These are to serve. to appropriate economic principles in order for use in management decisions and de­ Sunset offers us one or the few opportuni­ to assure the availability of accurate and serve consideration in the regulatory process ties I 've seen to respond to these various pertinent economic and accounting data for insofar as setting rates is concerned, but not needs. It may not be a. perfect answer-but essential regulatory purposes including rate as cost considerations. Therefore we strongly I haven't heard anything better. And I think change request, abandonment of facilities, recommend that 'peaks in demand' and we ought to give it a. try. determination of responsibility for peaks in 'value of service' be deleted as mandatory As widely as sunset is reared, it will not demand and cost of service, and issuance of considerations in computation of costs. change the spending patterns of govern­ securities." Report 94-725, 94th Congress, ment overnight. 1st Session, p. 65 . Suffice it to say, the House of Repre­ All it can do is open up the political process sentatives rejected the Commission's Thus, Mr. Speaker, it is clear that one argument and adopted H.R. 5385, as through which our democratic system works of the principal goals of Congress in best-so that we can again have a govern­ amended. A year and a half later, the ment which reassures and unites the hopes of enacting the 4R act was to harmonize Senate joined the House in again man­ this great land.e the agency's cost and pricing practices. dating the same costing methodology in To be specific, it is the intent of Congress section 307 of the 4R act. I might add, that the Uniform System of Accounts since many railroads are now conglom­ THE CONGRESSIONAL RAILROAD be revised in such a manner that the erates, it is becoming increasingly dif­ COSTING PLAN-A $2 BILLION IM­ cost section of the Commission's Bureau ficult to understand why anyone would PROVEMENT of Accounts will allocate the railroad's contend that appropriate economic fixed, common, joint, and constant costs principles, such as peaks in demand and HON. JOHN E. MOSS on the basis of appropriate economic value of service, should not be considered principles-including peaks in traffic de­ in determining the rail service costs when OF CALIFORNIA mand and value of service-and that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those same factors are being used by the the tariff sections of the railroads and firm to allocate the expenses associated Monday, April 24, 1978 Commission will relate the railroads' with its lumber, oil, real estate, and other rates to those costs. nonrail operations. • Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, 2 years ago I should interject, for purposes of Congress enacted the Railroad Revitali­ clarification, that the Commission found Finally, it should be noted that in a zation and Reform Act of 1976, popu­ in docket No. 34013 that peaks in traffic report to Congress on "The Impact of the larly referred to by the railroad indus­ demand require added capacity which 4-R Act Railroad Ratemaking Provi­ try as the 4R Act. The purpose of the act is idle at other times. The higher the sions," dated October 5, 1977, the Com­ was to improve the quality of rail serv­ peak traffic demand relative to average mission stated, "it is estimated that peak ice in the United States through various demand, the greater both the added cost period premium rates designed to equal­ regulatory reforms, including a revision of providing such service, and the total ize demand could yield over $100 million of the agency's cost and pricing prac­ costs. As a result, unless such added in additional revenues annually from tices which theretofore had been totally costs are assigned directly to the traffic grain, metallic ores, and construction ag­ independent and unrelated. responsible for the peak demand, as gregates industries, and that "under Title II of the act directs the Com­ mandated by Congress, all other traffic best case assumptions, it is estimated mission to establish expeditious proce­ will be burdened with the cost of the that during the next 10 years, a capital dures for the publication of railroad excess capacity during the idle times expen di ture of nearly $1 billion for new rates based on seasonal, regional, or engendered. covered grain hoppers alone could be peak-period demand for rail services, or With respect to the allocation of ex­ avoided by an effective peak load pricing in accordance with the carrier's cash penses on the basis of demand or value strategy." Page 15. outlays for such service and the demand of service, the Committee on Interstate A billion dollars in additional revenues therefor. The first three are forms of and Foreign Commerce noted in its re­ and a billion dollar reduction in capital "peak responsibility pricing," while the port on the Surface Transportation Act expenditures, over the next 10 years, latter is a value of service methodology. of 1974 that "This is the most commonly clearly establishes the real value of the Definitions for peak, seasonal, and re­ used business method for allocating congressional plan to relate rail rates to gional are not provided in the act be­ costs. It is a weighting technique. The properly allocated costs, and the need to cause neither the ratemaking nor ac­ end result of this methodology is to allo­ have the cost sections of the railroads counting professions could provide such cate costs to traffic on the basis of the and the ICC's Bureau of Accounts al­ delineations. value of that traffic." Report 93-1381, locate the railroads' fixed, common, Title III of the act deals with the Uni­ 93d Congress, 2d session, page 40. joint, and constant costs on the basis of form System of Accounts, which Con- The reason that I, as a member of the appropriate economic principles-includ- April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11267 ing peaks in traffic demand and value of residue violations and to help producers Stories have appeared in the media. saying service.• who have had violations avoid them in the that USDA might "ban bacon." Those are future. not our words, nor our sentiments. We feel First, the Department of Agriculture is confident that the public will continue to DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE involved in regulating nitrites and sulfa have cured meats, including bacon. AND THE MEAT INDUSTRY RE­ because Congress has directed us to make Our goal is to l:ave cured meats in a way SOLVE DRUGS CONTROVERSY certain that no adulterated or contaminated that preserves consumer confidence. If the meat moves in commerce. public fears that there is a threat in eating Federal meat inspection functions were cured meat, they won't eat it. We must as­ HON. RICHARD NOLAN first created and given to USDA by Act of sure safety to preserve the market for your Congress over 70 years ago. Some people OF MINNESOTA products. wonder why a Department set up to rep­ Now let's turn to sulfa. We at the USDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resent the interests of farmers was given know how important sulfa is to you in pre­ Monday, April 24, 1978 this function of public health protection. venting such diseases as atrophic rhinitis. Certainly, one good reascn is that the law We want you to continue to have access to • Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, when Carol is designed to protect the good reputation sulfa drugs. No one wants to see them re­ Tucker Foreman, Assistant Secretary of of meat products and meat producers. It moved from the market. Agriculture for Food and Consumer makes certain that you don't lose business Once again, however, the Meat Inspection Services, addressed the National Pork because someone tries to get an economic Act requires that meat not contain any sub­ Congress on March 10, 1978, she an­ advantage by sellin~ an inferior or adultered stance that may be harmful to health. Sulfa nounced a policy of cooperation between product. Imagine how many people would residues can cause allergic reactions in some decide not to eat meat if they were afraid people. If someone gets sick from eating pork, the Department of Agriculture and the they would get sick from it. Ohviously, meat or thinks they might get sick, they won't eat meat industry to resolve the controver­ producers want people to eat meat. Obvi­ pork. They'll choose a substitute. I think the sy regarding the use of nitrites and sulfa ously, consumers want to eat meat. Meat is solution to the sulfa residue problem must drugs. an excellent source of protein and iron and be a way for pork producers to use sulfa with Neither the interests of producers nor it tastes good. It is a highly desirable prod­ no residues above the accepted tolerance. consumers will be furthered by an at­ uct. So public health protection in this case USDA is committed to a strong course of is also farmer and producer protection. action to achieve this. Today, I want to an­ mosphere of constant confrontation. I Now you may be wondering if industry welcome Secretary Foreman's decision nounce to you a Government-wide action protection was so vital, why has it been that plan to eliminate the troublesome and per­ to seek a mutual resolution of the out­ only in the past year or so the problem of sistent problem involving sulfa residues. standing problems. As Foreman em­ public health protection has fiOtten so much Let's look at the problems you have told us phasized in her speech: attention and caused you so much trouble. that you are having with the sulfa residue Our goal must be to carry out the law in Well, the first answer is that it hasn't hap­ testing program and see how USDA, with a way that will protect the public and build pened just over the past year or so. Surely, your valuable assistance, can solve them. confidence in the food supply while not we all remember our history lesson about First, the period of time it takes to get test causing major dislocation to producers and the first meat inspection act which was results back to the producer has been too processors. passed because of Upton Sinclair's revela­ long. So we will commit more resources to our tions in his book The Jungle, about filthy testing program in order to cut down the The speech follows: meat packing plants. One of the reasons for turn-around time. We will also make greater I appreciate the opportunity to meet here the early meat inspection laws was to stop efforts to notify a producer promptly by tele­ with you today. The USDA is concerned with meat packers from using dangerous chemi­ phone (backed up by a registered letter) the well-being of America's farmers, in­ cals such as formaldehyde to give bad meat whenever a violation is discovered. We want cluding pork producers. I am concerned a fresh appearance. Public health issues, to work closely with you in dealing with about America's farmers and pork produc­ such as chemicals in meat, are not new. these problems. ers-that's why I accepted the position as They simply involve different chemicals to­ But you also have to work with us. We Assistant Secretary at USDA, and that's why day. We must work together to resolve the know that when violations are discovered, I am happy to be here with you today. problems we face. Ignoring problems, deny­ some producers have been changing routes or Let me talk a moment about my respon­ ing them, hoping they will go away are really using other producers as middlemen to get sibilities at the Department and how they not answers. their animals into commercial channels. might affect you as farmers and pork Even if I left USDA today and John Soor­ producers. Under my policy jurisdiction is holtz took my place, there would still be This practice involves only a smaller Ini­ the Meat and Poultry Inspection Progra.m­ public concern about the safety and quality nority of producers, but it has become a sig­ the program that is vested with the enor­ of food. Reporters would still ask questions, nificant problem. The deliberate diversion of mous responsibility and duty to assure the congressional committees would still demand pork with residues in to the market is the safety and wholesomeness of our nation's to know why we allow meat with nitrite or main rearnn we have to ask for legislative au­ meat and poultry supply. I want you to sulfa residues on the market. There would thority to quarantine herds and premises know that I feel that duty and respon­ still be a law to enforce and a market to be when a residue problem has been identified, sibility personally. I have great respect for preserved. Our goal must be to carry out the and the authority to require owner identifi­ American meat producers. You do a. good law in a way that will protect the public and cation of all livestock. We would like to avoid job for the public. But my job involves build confidence in the food supply while that legislation by seeing the residue problem evaluating-using the best methods and re­ not causing major dislocation to producers disappear. search available-any system, substance or and processors. Second, I have met with the leaders of all product involved in meat or poultry produc­ The meat inspection law states that we the pertinent U.S. Government agencies and tion which may be harmful to the public shall not approve as wholesome any product we have developed a program that will help health. Congress, speaking for the people, that contains a substance that may be in­ us help you avoid residue violations. We gave this important safety mandate to jurious to health. have developed a coordinated program to use USDA and to the Meat and Poultry Inspec­ Nitrites alone are not injurious to health. all of the USDA's extensive resources to do tion Program. this. On Wednesday, Secretary Bergland There are several areas where our ac­ In some products, however, they can com­ bine with other substances to form a power­ gave us his approval to move ahead with tions seem to have aroused understandable our action plan. Most of you know Dr. Frank concern on your part. ful cancer-causing substance known as nitrosamines. Since nitrites have the virtue Mulhern of the Department's APHIS. He is The first involves the use of sodium ni­ a man of great talent and experience in deal­ trite to cure meat products. The second is of providing a dec;irable taste and color and some protection from botulism, we want a. ing with animal health problems. He and sulfa residues in swine meat. We at USDA his agency have led the fight to eliminate know that we will be able to resolve both system where we can have those benefits with the assurance of no nitrosamines. hog cholera. He will now coordinate a new of these problems in a manner that protects program using many of the same techniques public safety, builds public confidence that We have asked the meat packing industry to help eliminate sulfa residue violations. pork and cured meat products are safe and to show that we can continue to use nitrites wholesome, and causes no major economic with no nitrosamine formation. We expect As you know 10 to 15 percent of swine dislocation to pork producers. It is a tall that they will be able to do so-either by slaughtered since 1973 have had violative order but we can do it. using ascorbate and perhaps Alpha tocoph­ levels of sulfa residues. Let me explain. First, I would like to erol to block the formation of nitrosa­ We have not done a very good job of find­ go over for you why USDA is involved in mines or by reducing the use of nitrites, or ing out why this is the case. In part that is regulating nitrites and sulfa. Second, I by a combination of these factors. At the because FDA only investigates violations to would like to explain what we have done very worst, we might have to find ways to determine if there is a need for prosecution. and propose to do with regard to nitrites. manufacture cured meat products using sub­ FSQS really only carries out its functions at Third, I would like to announce publicly stitutes for nitrites. Some small packing the slaughterhouse and APHIS only has au­ to you today our plans for a Government­ companies do this now and do it very suc­ thority to deal with disease control. As a wlde effort to reduce the percentage of sulfa cessfully. result, there has been no comprehensive eval- 11268 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 uatlon of the total problem on the farm. Isabella for having shown a sensitivity bills, it's a little hard to believe your farming In addition, we have not found adequate to the progress of nations and of men, operation has the potential for becoming ways to work with producers. And producers which finally enabled Columbus to un­ nearly totally energy self-sufficient. fear that if they are open about their prob­ "The fa.rmer is in an enviable position," lems, they won't be able to market their ho_gs. dertake that "fanciful" journey of his, contends one energy authority. "He produces The new USDA program will work with which others had denied him, but which not only food and fiber but also a carbona­ FDA and producer groups and feed and sulfa would change forever the face of the ceous, energy-rich byproduct called agricul­ manufacturers to: known Earth and the assumptions of tural residue, or biomass." 1. Conduct a study of the factors causing the medieval human mind. "Using these and other available resources, residue violations and train personnel to The resolution follows: such as solar and wind power, he conceivably identify these sources to producers who have Whereas, throughout the ages, man's could become a producer of excess energy on violations. course has often been guided and altered his farm." 2 . Carry out an information campaign to by great rulers who have left indelible marks Energy farming ls definitely a thing of the let producers know about steps needed to upon their eras; and future. avoid violations. This will include fact sheets, Whereas, the enthusiasm and support of These rather startling revelations on the background materials, slide presentations a single ruler led to the discovery of tightening energy crisis question came to and other methods. America and the resounding effect this dis­ light during a recent special report given to 3. Conduct research studies on such prob­ covery had upon the history of the world; a Texas House legislative subcommittee here. The subcommittee is holding hearings around lems as recycling of sulfa thru feces and and urine; feed manufacturing practices; dose Whereas, this great ruler, Queen Isabella, the state to explore and make recommenda­ levels and time of withdrawal. wife of Ferdinand of Aragon, enabled Chris­ tions to the state legislature on alternate FDA, APHIS, FSQS, Extension and ARS sources of energy for agriculture, and how topher Columbus to make his daring voyage specifically such developments can be speeded will all play a role. We want and Dr. Mul­ that resulted in his reaching the shores of hern has sought your advice and counsel too. the New World, thus laying open a new up. Agriculture consumes just under 10 per­ We want a practical, realistic and workable chapter in the history of mankind's prog­ program to aid swine farmers when violative ress; and cent of the total amount of energy used within the state. levels are found at slaughter and to help Whereas, the discovery and history of producers prevent a recurrence. Farmers currently are shelling out a gi­ Florida are closely tied to said Spanish dar­ gantic $700 million a year for all fuels. We believe the program I've outlined will ing and exploration; and succeed. We want to work with you in this "If all goes well,'' a Stephenville poultry Whereas, the history of America has di­ specialist told the subcommittee headed by and the Department has assigned the lead rect linkage to the birth of Queen Isabella role to a man who we know has your con­ Representative Bill Keese o! Somerville, on April 22, 1451; "we'll be lighting light bulbs in May with fidence. Now, therefore, I Reubin O'D. Askew, by Finally, the USDA wlll seek to create a electricity generated from methane gas de­ virtue of the authority vested in me as rived from poultry wastes." joint task force of producers, feed and drug Governor of the State of Florida, do hereby manufacturers and consumers to review the "This is a start, at least," said E. L. Fulton, proclaim April 22, 1978 as "Queen Isabella poultry husbandman from Tarleton State sulfa program. The NPC has sought this ac­ Day" in Florida and do urge all citizens to tion and we are glad to comply, working to­ University. "Our goal is to run the whole pay homage to the memory of said Queen poultry house on gas generated from poultry gether I believe this is a problem that can be whose daring vision and fervent support for overcome. We believe this approach will manure." explorers' dreams made possible the epoch­ EFFORT BY STATE make it possible to carry out the dual re­ maklng discovery of the New World. sponsibilities of USDA-to protect and pro­ The day and a half session held on the mote the interests of producers and to assure In witness whereof, I have hereunto set Texas A&M University campus under auspices the safety and quality of food for the Amer­ my hand and caused the Great Seal of the of the Center for Energy and Mineral Re­ ican public. State of Florida to be affixed at Tallahassee, sources ( CEMR) , and other Texas A&M de· The fact is that I believe that, by work­ the Capital, this 9th day of March in the partments, agencies and divisions, brought ing together, we can resolve virtually any year of our Lord nineteen hundred and into perspective an apparent well-directed problem that arises. I have never accepted seventy-eight. and little-known state effort to devise alter­ the position that farmers and the people REUBIN O'D. ASKEW, native sources of competing energy, not only who consume their products must be in con­ Governor. for agriculture, but for other segments of the Attest: flict. I would like to prove I am right. If I am, Southwestern economy as well. we will all benefit.e BRUCE A. SMATHERS, Conference participants took the wheel of Secretary of State.e a small automobile whose engine was fueled with methanol, an alcohol derived from cereal grains. The group heard about potential "energy­ FLORIDA THANKS ISABELLA STATE OF TEXAS MOVES OUT ON OF SPAIN making crops" and farm cropping systems SELF-SUFFICIENT ENERGY FARM­ coming on stream that reduce total energy ING inputs. HON. CLAUDE PEPPER "ENERGY DEMONSTRATORS" OF FLORIDA Subcommittee members heard a predic­ HON. J. J. PICKLE tion that in the not-too-distant future cer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TEXAS tain local farmers will be selected as "energy Monday, April 24, 1978 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fa.rm demonstrators." They would show their fellow growers the latest "unconventional • Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, my dis­ Monday, April 24, 1978 energy-generation systems,'' much the same • Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Soeaker, the South­ way they demonstrate a new cotton variety tinguished colleagues, I would like to or farm machines today. bring to your attention a recently issued west Farm Press recently carried an ar­ The subcommittee heard reports on agri­ proclamation of the State of Florida, ticle outlining the innovative approach cultural biomass, the conversion of grains honoring Queen Isabella of Spain, whose being taken in the State of Texas to farm into alcohol, methane generation from poul­ effort and vision aided Christopher energy. State-supported efforts there try, swine and bee! feedlot wastes, wind and Columbus in his momentous discovery of center on small scale, on-site energy sys­ solar power and a host o! other research the American Continuent, and whose tems composed of low-technology, "off­ developments-either now in progress or on birthday of April 22, 1451, we will re­ the-shelf" components using farm the drawing board. One major departure from federally­ member this year. wastes, solar and wind energy, and other sponsored energy developmental efforts, the It is unusual for our democratic Gov­ renewable resources to make each farm subcommittee was told, is Texas' effort to ernment to pay such homage to the royal self-sufficient in energy. devise small-scale, on-site systems of energy­ rulers of the Old World in that bygone I commend this effort in my State and making for the private citizen that will epoch, when the rights to vote and de­ I urge my colleagues to read the article, require low-level technology to install and cide for others lay wholly in their hands reproduced, in shortened form, as operate. Initial efforts in this direction, said CEMR and was not shared as we believe to be follows: acting director Dr. Spencer Ba.en, are being desirable and just. Yet we are grateful SELF-SUFFICIENT ENERGY FARMING made to build such units with what he for the opportunity Columbus opened BEING PuSHED referred to as off-the-shelf components. up for our fathers, and, indeed, for the (By Calvin Pigg) The six-member subcommittee was ap­ world, to live their lives in freedom under COLLEGE STATION, TEx.--Considering the pointed by Representative Joe A. Hubenak equal law. And we also thank Queen money you send off to pay fuel and power of Rosenberg, chairman of the Committee April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11269 on Agriculture a.nd Livest.ock within the Anaerobic digestion of animal wastes to OLD TECHNOLOGY Texas House of Representatives. Subcom­ methane. He said the technology to be used is far mittee members, besides Rep. Keese, are Rep. Methane production on a poultry farm. from new. "This first demonstration is Da.n Kubiak of Rockdale, Rep. Susan McBee Bioconversion of agricultural residues to aimed at establishing the operational re­ of Del Rio, Rep. Luther Jones of El Paso, hydrogen. quirements and economics of small-scale, on­ Rep. W. G. "Bill" Coody of Weatherford and Methanol as a motor fuel. site systems." Rep. Elmer Martin of Colorado City. Agricultural use of solar energy. It was obvious that research workers are As part of an overview of energy usage by Optimizing wind as an energy resource. keying-in on cotton gin trash as an initial Texas farmers, a university official said PROGRAM FUNDING fuel source. It is readily available at the gin producers today are spending some $700 mil­ Existing activities, it was reported, are be­ site, and for the most part is considered a lion annually for all types of fuel. This, he ing funded in part by the Texas Legislature waste product with little economic value. said, compares with a total net income of for what is known as an Energy Public Serv­ Engineer Dr. Hiler cited two examples of $900 million not very many years ago. He ice Program. the potential energy in common crop resi­ was indicating the sharp increase in costs to Compared to the Nation's tightening en­ dues-gin trash and grain crop residues. producers for fuels that has taken place in ergy squeeze, the CEMR official said that, "A gin operating at a capacity of 15 bales the last four years. fortunately for agricultural producers, the per hour is accumulating trash which con­ Nearly 40 percent of the state's total agri­ task of developing small-scale, on-farm en­ tain thermal potential equivalent to 21,- cultural energy-fuel requirement goes for ·ergy conversion systems based on agricul­ 545 kilowatts of power." fuels to pump irrigation water. tural by-products stands to be accomplished The spokesman, Dr. Harry O. Kunkel, dean COULD POWER GIN in a few years. "Only about 750 KW is needed to power the of agriculture at Texas A&M, said he expects "We really do not have much choice," con­ to see a giant conversion taking place within gin; so with a thermal conversion as low as cluded Dr. Irgollc. "An energy crisis will im­ 3.5 percent, gin trash could provide the agriculture in the years ahead as energy mediately be followed by a food crisis. No­ costs further rise and as it seeks to become power for the gin." body will even notice then whether he freezes A 2,000-acre Texas High Plains farm grow­ a producer of energy to meet its owr. needs. or is uncomfortably hot, because hunger ing sorghum, corn or wheat was his second The region's large supplies of lignite coal, pains will overwhelm him." forestry and crop residue biomass by­ During the meeting the House representa­ example. Such an operation, he explained, products and large quantities of animal tives were given briefings on the Econocot normally yields 1.5 to 3 tons of crop residues wastes are among the tools and raw resources cotton growing methods being devised in the per acre. (The residues are either grazed in scientists have at hand to work with in the energy-pinched Pecos River Valley of Texas, the field by livestock or turned back to the quest for new and economically feasible and newest crop production methods, featur­ soil.) sources of energy. ing fast-maturing varieties and integrated All crop residues from the 2,000 acre place, On the overall subject of energy research pest management methods that cut cost out­ he continued, would have a thermal poten­ for agriculture, one speaker, Dr. Kurt J. lays and energy inputs into major agronomic tial equivalent to 14 million kilowatt hours Irgolic, an Austrian-born chemist, said that crops of the state. per year. "If the farm has 200 irrigation wells while Texas agriculture's consumption of requiring 50 horsepower each and operating energy is only 0.6 percent of the total U.S. AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS 2,000 hours annually, 1.5 million Kwh er.ch energy consumption, it is of vital importance A major part of the subcommittee report year are needed to pump the water." to the state's overall economic health . . dealt with agricultural biomass and its po­ "Assuming only a 10.6 percent conversion "It is extremely disturbing that the energy tential within the state. efficiency," said Dr. Hiler, "crop residues necessary to produce vital food and fiber (The term biomass refers generally to all could be used to supply energy enough to products might not be available in the future living or once living matter.) pump this water." in sufficient amounts to Texas farmers." (It is estimated that over 12 million tons "The rising prices for energy commodities of agricultural wastes a.re produced annually ENERGY FARM could make many agricultural operations in Texas, and the average heat content of He said looking beyond his present work, unprofitable. There is also the possibility this residue is between 5,000 and 6,000 Btu he foresees the need in the future for such that these commodities might not b·e avail­ per pound. This compares, according to a a thing as an energy research and demon­ able in sufficient quantities at any price in subcommittee finding, with Texas lignite coal stration farm to be located somewhere across the near future, because of unpredictable which is valued at about 7,000 Btu per the state. political developments involving oil-pro­ pound, but with a high undesirable sulphur "We believe a central place is needed to ducing countries, and in the long term, be­ content.) bring all the energy research together and cause of the decline in the production of On the subject of energy from biomass, Dr. demonstrate its use." petroleum and natural gas." Edward A. Hiler, soil and water engineer, "This farm would demonstrate new crop "SAVING GRACE" said a recently completed study reveals that prod11ction systems like Econocot, and low pressure mobile trickle irrigation methods. Dr. Irgolic said that the various carbon five major Texas crops-sorghum, corn, cot­ ton, wheat and rice-are known to produce It would also use solar energy, biomass and and hydrogen-based residues produced on wind energy sources." the farm "might be the saving grace for agri­ a.bout 20 million tons of in-field plant resi­ culture in an energy-scarce future." dues. These residues, he said, have a theor­ FOREST RESOURCE etical heat value of 270 trillion Btu's. AS SUBSTITUTE FUEL The state's massive forestry resources offer He said this alone represents energy in The conversion into pyrolysis liquids another major possible source of biomass for amounts equal to all on-farm fuel purchases energy purposes. Speaking to this point with (from gas) , he continued to tell the legisla­ within the state in the year 1974. lative subcommittee, could serve as a sub­ projections was Dr. Ed J. Soltes, associate stit !lte for gasoline or diesel, or into meth­ Dr. Hiler said that in other terms the professor of forest science. anol or ethanol suitable as fuels for internal amount of potential energy to be found in Dr. Soltes said that approximately five mil­ combustion engines. He said such on-farm these crop leftovers in equal to 1.7 times the lion tons of "logging residues" annually are wastes can be most simply burned directly energy used for irrigation, or 64 percent of known to result from an annual harvest and producing steam and then electricity. the total energy requirements of Texas agri­ processing of 475 million cubic feet of Dr. Irgolic said that today, however, very culture. timber. few, if any, of th·e systems needed for on­ He said that generally the collection and "Some or all of the logging residues, and farm energy production are presently avail­ transportation of biomass materials is not wood associated with our woody brush in able to farm producers at an affordable price. seen as a bottleneck to new energy source Texas,·· he said, "could be made available Recognizing this, he said that the CEMR production, when scaled down to the in­ for energy generation." There are, however, and other university branches has sought to dividual farm unit basis. he continued, several technical and economic initiate and fund research, development and The engineer told the House subcommit­ problems that must first be addressed and demonstration activities "whose goals are to tee members that technology for a small, solved. make available efficient, reliable and afford­ on-site energy production plant using agri­ He said that in general the problem areas able systems for energy-generation on the cultural biomass currently is being put to­ are not specific to wood but are associated farm." gether at Texas A&M. He and team members with the use of many types of agricultural He add'ed that all projects underway are are working on a prototype engine system biomass. These include basic availability of looking at low-technology, small-scale sys­ for converting biomass into power. the resource, havesting and collecting, tems suitable for on-farm operation. "We've considered a number of various transportation costs, processing method and EIGHT APPROACHES energy transfer methods," said Dr. Hiler add­ finally the economics of the whole procedure. The Texas A&M chemist who is CEMR as­ ing that the direct combustion (burning) of In concluding its report to the legislators, sociate director said the major thrust areas cotton gin trash has been chosen for the speakers concurred that agricultural resi­ of such development are divided into eight trial. dues cannot solve the United States• overall basic areas: "We also are concentrating on using pres­ energy problem, but, they stressed, can pro­ Combustion and gasification of biomass. ently available components to combust and vide significant contributions in specific Pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials to convert the energy into usable shift power to situations, keyed on local small scale, on-site general liquid fuels. generate electricity." energy generation in the future.e 11270 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 DICKlNSON: SCHOOLS SHOULD operating profits (revenue less expenses), and efiectiveness, should serve to help TEACH FREE ENTERPRISE after-tax profits, and return on investment. put the regulations in proper perspective. The importance of the latter should be taught because companies don't just start; Hearings will begin each day at 9 :30 they must be created and pump-primed with a.m., in room 2141, Rayburn House Office HO~ WILLIAM L. DICKINSON money invested by individuals, groups such Building. Witnesses representing Treas­ OF ALABAMA as labor unions, pension funds, or other com­ ury Department and BATF, police offi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES panies. The money is invested with the hope cials, the firearms industry, retailers of of making a profit eventually, a hope that is Monday, April 24, 1978 firearms, elected officials, and private not always realized. And that would lead to organizations concerned with firearms • Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, the an understanding of what we call venture or issues will be among those appearing. Dothan Eagle on April 17, 1978, ran an risk capital, and its importance in our free market system. Persons wishing to submit prepared editorial entitled "Shouldn't Schools Some of the things that should be taught statements or to testify should contact Teach Basics of Our Free Market Sys­ would surprise not only young people but the Subcommittee on Crime, 207E Can­ tem?" The Eagle answered its own ques­ many adults. For instance, how volume is di­ non House Office Building, telephone tion with a resounding "Yes." rectly related to prices and profits. How 225-1695.• I am afraid that most adults and youth many people know that the large retail food have lost sight of what made this Nation chains make a profit of less than five cents on each dollar taken in, and some years it's the economic giant it used to be-the free 2 cents or even less? market system. But now less and less of High-volume businesses such as food stores SAVAGING THE PRESIDENT this philosophy is being passed on to our should be compared to comparatively low­ children. Our children are being exposed volume concerns such as jewelry stores where to more and more about the "evils of much higher markups are necessary for the HON. DON EDWARDS business.'' proprietors and employees to make even a OF CALIFORNIA modest living. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I would not doubt that the steady slide Well, enough of this skipping about at our Nation is taking toward "socialism" random among economic facts. But perhaps Monday, April 24, 1978 and "welfare stateism" in part, is propor­ the point has been made. We need a better tional to the education our kids are not understanding of how our economic system e Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. getting about the strengths of the free works. And perhaps the best way is to teach Speaker, has any President in recent market system. the subject in schools, early on.e times had a mor.e successful first year? I commend to my colleagues the fol­ I think not, and the following article by lowing editorial from the Dothan Eagle: Anthony Lewis from the April 24, 1978, issue of the New York Times examines SHOULDN' T SCHOOLS TEACH BASICS OF OUR SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME TO HOLD the record. FREE MARKET SYSTEM? HEARINGS ON TREASURY'S NEW Railroad president Prime F. Osborn III SAVAGING THE PRESIDENT touched on one of our pet peeves in a speech FIREARMS REGULATIONS LoNDON, April 23.-In Europe as in to the Dothan Rotary Club last week: ignor­ America, is the subject of ance of how our economic system works. much head shaking. The Economist of Lon­ This ignorance has been confirmed time HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. don leads this week's issue with a worried after time over many years by the results of OF MICHIGAN article about what it calls his "insouciant questionnaires submitted to college and high IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Presidency." America's friends, it says, must school students. Some of the misconceptions Monday, April 24, 1978 hope that "the giddy slide" in his fortunes are little short of astounding. is coming to an end. We have often thought that courses ex­ e Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I wish Some of Mr. Carter's troubles are no doubt plaining the free market economic system to announce that the Subcommittee on of his own making. He was naive in his ex­ should be required, starting with the lower pectations of quick reform. He evidently grades and progressing through the upper Crime of the House Committee on the levels. In high school our system could be Judiciary will on May 3 and 4, 1978, lacks a taste--a Rooseveltian savor-for po­ compared to socialism, mixed economic sys­ hold hearings on proposed new firearms litical maneuver. And so on. The list is fa­ tems and totalitarianism. And we're not ad­ regulations by the Treasury Depart­ miliar. vocating propaganda, but rather imparting ment. But his shortcomings by no means explain factual information. the scorn, the savagery of the attacks on Somehow we need to teach our young peo­ On March 21, Treasury published in him. That is evident if the criticism is ple (and a lot of their elders) that the key­ the Federal Register a notice of pro­ viewed in the light of a little history. stone of free enterprise is t he profit motive posed rulemaking, proposing that first, The current wisdom among political ana­ and that this system has produced the a unique serial number be required on lysts, for example, is that Mr. Carter has highest living standard, has benefited more all firearms imported into or manufac­ "overloaded the circuits" in Congress with people, than any economic system in the his­ tured in the United States; second, all his legislative requests. Compared to what? tory of man. It is often said that profit is not Harry Truman poured Fair Deal proposals a dirty word, but unfortunately it is to too Federal firearms licensees be required onto resistant Congresses, and he is now many people. to report to the Bureau of Alcohol, To­ everyone's political hero. Would fifth graders understand economics? bacco and Firearms any theft, loss, or One of President Kennedy's assistants Yes, if we start with simple explanations. recovery of a firearm; third, each li­ goes around the country these days making We could start with the simple truth that censed manufacturer be required to sub­ sour remarks about Jimmy Carter. I greatly governments create no wealth, earn no mit to ATF a quarterly report of fire­ admired Kennedy, but his first year in the money. Individuals and companies create arms manufactured; fourth, licensed White House was hardly a model of wisdom. wealth. Governments take part of this wealth Its distinction included the Bay of Pigs und by taxing profits and redistribute it, sup­ manufacturers and dealers be required to submit a quarterly report of firearms a national bomb shelter program. Compared posedly for the benefit of all the people. to that, Mr. Carter's first year was a blessing. At the appropriate grade level we could ex­ dispositions. Comments on the proposed plain how businesses, large and small, actu­ regulations may be submitted to BATF Then there were Lyndon Johnson and ally operate and who benefits. We could Richard Nixon. Can people really have for­ for a period of 60 days following publi­ gotten their terrible flaws of character? The teach difference between the markup and cation in the Federal Register. profit. We could explain that a certain kind Economist, fairer to Jimmy Carter than his of store's average markup is, say, 40 per cent; We do not ordinarily hold hearings on domestic critics, did praise his personal that is, the store buys an item for $1 and administrative regulations issued pur­ qualities while faulting his politics. He has sells it for $1.40. But that out of the 40 cent suant to legislative authority, as is the "many of the right instincts," it said, markup all expenses must be paid, including case here. However, considerable con­ "whether on disarmament, racism or human salaries, rent, electric power, insurance, so­ troversy has surrounded the proposed rights." It praised his openness and decency cial security taxes, license fees, office supplies regulations from the day they were an­ and said, "He may be impulsive, but he ls and so on. What's left is profit, which then nounced, and public misunderstanding not furtive." must be divided with governm~nt. How Memories seem short on both sides of the many young (or old) people know that the of them is widespread. Our public hear­ Atlantic. The Europeans complain about federal government takes about half of a cor­ ings, which will include examination of lack of consultation, and there are such poration's profits in taxes? the need for the new regulations, the faults in the Carter record. But they do not In the higher grades we could teach the legislative authority under which they amount to much compared, say, with the different ways of measuring profits. That is, were issued, and their operational scope sudden, unilateral change imposed by Mr.

·- April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11271 Nixon on the dollar basis of the world mone­ JUDGES AND "FORGOTTEN recent years to take over both legislative and executive functions." tary system-nor to the crudity with which INTELLIGENCE" Mr. Bork and Representative McClory both Mr. Nixon's Secretary of the Treasury, John make the additional point that any law vest­ Connally, dismissed European and Japanese ing control over foreign intelligence in the views. HON. BOB WILSON bench "seems certain," as Mr. Bork puts it, Foreign policy experts, European and OF CALIFORNIA "to diminish substantially the responsibility American, express a good deal of longing for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and accountability of the executive branch." t he experience and sureness, as they put it, of Writes Mr. Mcclory: "It should be seen that Henry Kissinger. But their memories are par­ Monday, April 24, 1978 by shifting from the president to the judi­ tial, too---or their values distorted. e Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, ciary the responsibility to authorioo foreign Mr. Carter's foreign policy advisors may not intelligence electronic surveillance, the have so magisterial a preser..ce. But they have under leave to extend my remarks in the Record, I include the following: courts become a buffer to executive account­ not bombed a peasant society back to the ability." Stone Age. They have not bombed any coun­ (From the Washington Star, Apr. 22, 1978) Even conceding that the executive branch tries, or invaded any. In fact, this is the first JUDGES AND "FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE" has sometimes abused the "foreign intelli­ recent Presidency that in its first year has not gence" discretion and may do so again, we used military force. The notion that so-called "foreign intelli­ gence" electronic surveillance-the kind that nonetheless find these criticisms compelling. It would be too much to expect a sense of If special judges designated to issue warrants history from the press when it performs its has to do with espionage and the like­ should henceforth be controlled by judicial for foreign intelligence surveillance are held function of criticizing politicians. But in its to a "probable cause" standard (i.e., if they treatment of Jimmy Carter's White House, it warrant has become an idee fixe in Congress. Mighty labors have been expended to de­ must be shown how the job at hand is di­ has seemed especially shallow and shrill­ rectly related to the commission, or possible more concerned with gossip and style than sign bills effecting this control. One passed the Senate overwhelmingly on Thursday. commission, of a crime) they will undoubt­ with substance. edly have to veto some intelligence opera­ When Mr. Carter talks about inflation the Their passage marks a sharp departure. Every president for almost four decades bas tions that are arguably prudent and neces­ crit ics examine the inconsistencies in his.past sary. If the standards governing their war­ views, the dubious prospects for success. But assumed that the discretion to gather such intelligence on his own motion lay among rant-issuing function are broad, making al­ hardly anyone states the simole truth that lowance for the difference between foreign inft.ation is an extraordinary intractable prob­ the "inherent" presidential powers. Now a curious thing has happened. The and domestic intelligence, what is "judicial" lem, and not only for this country. That is so about the judge's role? of all economic issues in the developed world longer the legislative tinkering goes on, the today. Does France have the answer to un­ more the doubts of both libertarian and con­ We wonder, in short, whether the debate employment, or Britain? servative critics seem to converge. Those over this legislation isn't misconceived. By In many areas the problems are harder than doubts did not impress the Senate, but there and large, the debate has turned on the they used to be, and the resistance of interest is still time to consider them in the House. mechanics and details of judicial control­ groups to any conceivable solution more in­ These two sets of critics start, of course, not on the more basic issue of whether judges tense. Fighting the rapid rise in hospital costs from very different outlooks. Libertarians are necessarily more satisfactory guardians sounds like good politics, but it turns out w9rry that judicial restrictions, which they of foreign-intelligence gathering than duly­ that hospital workers and doctors and otherwise favor, may be too lax-especially instructed, responsible executive officials who trustees have their reasons to disagree with if warrants for electronic eavesdropping are are overseen by, and accountable to Con­ the policy-and powerful means to fight it. not governed by the "probable cause" stand­ gress. The problems are more difficult, consensus ards that govern the issuance of ordinary The House and Senate bills differ in detail more elusive than Jimmy Carter said in his domestic search warrants. Conservatives but share the fixed notion that judges must campaign-or probably understood. That is worry that the president's intelligence-gath­ be brought into the picture. Must they? Is a reason for disappointment with him. And I ering capacity might be stunted at the risk the case so open-and-shut? It may be a good tl:~ink he and his Georgia colleagues are of injury or mischief to the national security. time to reexamine this fundamental premise still resented by some as outsiders. There What is remarkable is that, starting poles of intelligence "reform." Are judges really are Europeans bothered by the idea of a "pea­ apart, both have conceived substantial the answer to perceived abuses and excesses nut farmer" as President. And in Washing­ doubts that judges, deliberating in closeted that originated more in administrative laxity ton, .last year, there was the nauseating ab­ hearings, are or can be proper and effec­ and misbehavior than in institutional surdity of a newspaper reporting resent­ tive monitors of what is permissible in "for­ necessity? e ment at the Georgians' failure to come to eign intelligence" surveillance practices. dinner parties. Statistics from the U.S. Judicial Confer­ But Jimmy Carter rates no personal sym­ ence, of primary interest to liberatarian pathy; he asked for the job. And indeed, the critics, show that wiretap warrants for FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE BY REP­ tendency to focus political disappointment domestic criminal purposes in the year 1976 RESENTATIVE CLARENCE D. LONG and animosity on the American President were easily obtained. Only two were denied; goes beyond him. 686 were authorized. Such figures raise the Writing in The New York Review of Books, spector of the "rubber stamp." Professor Sheldon Wolin of Princeton sug­ HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Conservative critics are skeptical of the OF MARYLAND gests that "an unnatural rite has become effectiveness and usefulness of judges for incoporated into the anthropology of Amer­ other reasons. The most compelling com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ican political life: the ritual destruction of ments we have seen are bv former Solicitor Monday, April 24, 1978 the President." If that is so, America's General Robert Bork and by Rep. Robert friends should worry-and for reasons much McClory of Illinois, ranking Republican on • Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, more serious than the faults of Jimmy the House Judiciary Committee. Carter.e each year at this time I make a volun­ Both offer similar criticiEms for the idee tary disclosure of income, taxes, asset.s, fixe of judicial supervision. Mr. Bork, for and liabilities. instance, observes that since the purposes of For 1977, I paid taxes totaling $21,- PERSONAL EXPLANATION foreign intelligence surveillance are quite different in nature from the purposes of do­ 970.32 on an income of $58,021.49. mestic intelligence (it is necessarily more My Federal income tax was $15,239.90; HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI speculative and often does not look to prose­ State and local income taxes totaled OF KENTUCKY cution) the process of clearance is more $3,892.82; real estate and sales tax to­ administrative than judicial. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taled $2,837 .60. "There are and can be," writes Mr. Bork Chief source of income was $54,275 Monday, April 24, 1978 in a recent Wall Street Journal article "no judicial criteria for making decisions ~bout salary as Congressman. Other taxable e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker on the needs of foreign intelligence, and judges income included: An annuity of $1,233.68 April 13, 1978, I was unavoidably de­ cannot become adequately informed about and dividends of $788.33 from the Teach­ tained in carrying out my responsibili­ intelligence to make the sophisticated judg­ ers Insurance Annuity Association; net ties as a House conferee on the omni­ ments required. To do an adequate job they rent.s of $1,623.48 from a farm in Har­ bus judgeship bill. would have to be drawn fully into intelli­ iord County, Md.; $100 for an article in gence work. which is not the point of this Had I been present, I would have enterprise. To suppose that they would the spring 1977 Harvard Journal of In­ voted "yes" on roll No. 222, H.R. 11003, defer to the superior expertise of the agencies ternational Security. No out.side income authority for employment of personnel is either to confess the safeguards will not was received for speeches. Mrs. Long's in the White House Office and 1'he Execu­ work or to underestimate the strength of total income was $1 won in the Maryland tive Residence.• the tendency displayed by the judiciary in lottery. 11272 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 Following my long-standing policy, no the important battle to find a cure for passes this tuition credits monstrosity, I pray gifts however small or in whatever form multiple sclerosis, a tragic, crippling that President Carter will veto it. were accepted by me or my staff-not neurological disease.• This is Carl Rowan. even flowers or fruit. Real property consists of a home in (Mar. 24, 1978) Ruxton, Md., purchased in 1946 for WHAT THE TuITION CREDIT FIGHT Is ABOUT CARL ROWAN'S COMMENTARIES (By Carl T. Row:ln) $32,000 and currently mortgaged for ON TUITION TAX CREDITS $5 ,443.65 with the Provident Savings WASHINGTON.-Caught up in its biennial Bank of Baltimore, and a 112-acre farm gush of election-year irresponsibility, a ma­ in Harford County purchased in 1965 for jority of congressmen and senators seems de­ HON. PARREN J. MITCHELL termined to put the federal government into $118,000. I owe $1 ,000 on an unsecured OF MARYLAND short-term note to the Equitable Trust the business of financing private and church IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES school educations for millions of youngsters. Co. of Baltimore. Starting with the legitimate notion that Contributions to the Federal retire­ Monday, April 24, 1978 many middle-class fam11les want help i:q fi­ ment system for 1977 totaled $4,342. e Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland. Mr. nancing their children's college educations, In nearly 16 years as Congressman, I the Congress wants to lea~ to the point of Speaker, much of the current debate over forking over up to $500 to taxpayers' money have contributed a total of $43,477.76 to providing tuition tax credits to elemen­ this fund, which cannot be withdrawn per elementary or secondary school child­ tary and secondary schoolchildren has no matter how many children a family may in cash. Estimated capital value of my focused on the issue of the appropliate have, or how much income that family has. Teachers Insurance Annuity Association role of the Federal Government in di­ Thus a. family with eight children in policies as of December 31, 1977, was rectly aiding private schools. I agree with church school could get $4,000 a year from $23,605.06. This also cannot be with­ many of the persons engaged in this de­ Uncle Sam, even if the parents had income drawn as cash. bate that the provision of a $250 or $500 of a million dollars a. year. Other assets include a 1976 Buick, a per student tax credit to any individual The bill ignores the factor of "need" to 1977 Plymouth station wagon, home fur­ having children in private schools would the point that it is absurdly unfair. It is a nishings, my wife's jewelry ycotts of hotels and con­ weapon. The first p u blic notice about this vention facilities in these states, thus proposed funding came from a Washington threatening a financial loss of millions of Post story last June 6 headlined, "Killer dollars on uninvolved businesses and indi­ Bombs Buried in ERDA Budget." President HON. ELDON RUDD Carter, who has now deferred production of OF ARIZONA vi:iuals in order to force ratification by these state legislat ures; t he weapon, said later he did not know about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the neutron budget proposal. Resolved, That members of the National The bomb, which is really a shell designed Monday, April 24, 1978 Society, Daughters of the American Revolu­ to be fired from a cannon at tank concentra­ tion, as individuals, continue to oppose the • Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, for the past conspiratorial boycott in states which have tions. had therefore slowly developed a life several weeks. ladies from throughout of its own within t he military planning at not ratified the Equal Right Amendment the Pentagon. our country whose direct ancestors par­ and to cppm;e an extension of the time limit There have ' been numerous other exam­ ticipated in the American Revolution for ratification of the Equal Rights ples. The Bl bomber became an Air Force have been meeting at the 87th Continen­ Amendment . sacred cow even after the development of tal Congress of the Daughters of the CIVIL SERVICE REFORM the cruise missile made it unnecessary to American Revolution. Whereas in order to correct inefficiencies build. In t he final days of the arguments Among these devoted patriots was Mrs. in the Civil Service System, the adminis­ over t he Bl, before Mr. Carter said he would John Trudeau Salmon of Tucson, Ariz., tration has proposed. changes which expand veto an attempt to finance its production, a regent of the Daughters of the Ameri­ political appointment at the expense of merit justification for the Bl was even based on examination; and the jobs it would create. can Revolution and longtime citizen Whereas a movement is under way to re­ Mr. Carter's decision on the neutron weap­ leader in our State. peal the Hatch Act, a political code of con­ on, which is designed to kill people but to The DAR Continental Congress passed duct for federal employees allowing them a spare property, has aroused widespread con­ 14 important resolutions, covering the troad range of political activity but protect­ troversy, both in this country and abroad. full range of national and international ing them from intimidation by supervisors; Even so, I think his decision was eminently concerns facing our country today. I and • correct. believe that that these resolutions merit Whereas further proposlls would curtail Criticism of the President for waffling veterans' benefits in federal hiring, thus in­ about this weapon before reaching his deci­ the careful consideration of every Mem­ validating the pledges made under the 1944 sion seems especially specious. He may have ber of Congress and the leaders of our Veterans Preference Act; taken a long time to make up his mind. Nation at every level of government. Re3olve::l, That the National Society, However, if Americans learned anything from I would like to include those resolu­ Daughters cf the American Revolution, op­ our involvement in Vietnam, it was that we tions. adopted as official DAR policy on pose political favoritism in federal service don't want our leaders making hasty deci­ April 19, at this point in the RECORD: and support continuation of the Hatch Act sions about American military involvement and of veterans' bene!its. or nuclear weapons that can fuel the arms RE SOL UT IONS OF THE 87TH CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN UNITED NATIONS COVENANTS COMMUNIST CON­ race. TROL UNDER ONE WORLD GOVERNMENT The neutron weapon has some tactical ap­ REVOLUTION peal, especially for our NATO forces in Eu­ REDEDICATION Whereas the 1948 United Nations Decla­ rope, and that is precisely why I think Mr. This country became the greatest nation ration of Human Rights, a statement of Carter is wise to be cautious about deploying on Earth by followin~ the way of the Lord. principle without the force of law, has been or producing it. The danger with an attrac­ In George Washington's day we knew that transformed. into "treaty provision" by two tive new nuclear weapon is that it may make we wanted to be free politically. econom­ convenants, the International Covenant on nuclear war more likely. ically, and in every other way-realizing that Civil and Political Rights and the Inter­ Reducing that danger, as well as reducing each of us had the sole responsibility for national Covenant on Eccnomic, Social and the awesome costs of the strategic arms race, the welfare of self and family. Cultural Rights; and is what the U.S.-Soviet SALT talks are de­ Whereas these treaties-with the concept We need faith in America and in the prin­ of government-granted rights as oppcsed to signed to accomplish. ciples upon which it was founded. Let us Those talks take place in a world already United States inalienable rights which limit rededicate ourselves to faith in our future government-have been signed by the Presi­ dangerously armed for nuclear annihilation. and Divine Providence, remembering that So armed, in fact, t hat some of the current dent and. the United States Ambassador to "Faith is the substance of things hoped for, the United Nations and are pending before strategic thinking begins to sound like the the evidence of things not seen." dialogue from a play by Kafka. For example, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, some strategists believe that a defense sys­ GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS although previous administrations have tem against Soviet nuclear weapons is no Whereas the success of the American free taken no official action on these treaties; longer advisable, since that may encourage enterprise system has traditionally depended and the Russians to believe we would not initially upon a maximum of individual initiative and Whereas these treaties which exclude the retaliate with the full weight of our own a minimum of governmental interference; right t::> own property as individuals or in strategic nuclear forces. and association with others free from arbitrary seizure by government, also exclude many As Paul Warnke, our chief negotiator in Whereas the ever increasing list of multi­ of the other United States constitutionally the SALT talks, says: ple regulatory agencies is instituting and guaranteed rights; and "The thing that deters the use of nuclear enforcing policies that prevent many private Whereas these covenants are a blueprint weapons is the prospect for retaliation . . . businesses from receiving a fair return on for total communist control under One We have to be sure we have the retaliatory investment; and World Government and would supercede the capability to respond with such devastating Whereas increased costs to businesses in Constitution if ratified by the Senate; force that we would destroy all Soviet fighting these injustices add inflationary Resolve:!, That members of the National society." cost to the consumer; and Society, Daughters of the American Revolu­ What this amounts to, he has pointed out, Whereas increasing regulation of free en­ tion. alert the citizens of this country to is "mutually assured destruction-the acro­ terprise is slowly but surely eroding our the immediate danger of the complete loss of nym for which is MAD." democratic process and leading to socialism; our freedoms with ratification of the In- 11276 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 ternational Covenant on Civil and Political Whereas the common goal of those at­ Resolved, That the National Society, Rights and the International Covenant on tacking the activities of the FBI, the CIA Daughters of the American Revolution, im­ Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and, and the entire intelligence community is to press upon its members that they study and as individuals, work to oppose ratification of diminish and curtail their functions, to des­ know the Constitution and the responsibili­ these treaties. troy their effectiveness and to discredit them ties of the Executive, the Legislative, and NATIONAL DEFENSE-FOR OUR NATIONAL in the eyes of the American people; and the Judicial branches of government for the SURVIVAL Whereas the intelligence units of the De­ protection and betterment of all. fense Department have been eroded, the au­ Whereas since the Cuban missile crisis the FOREIGN POLICY HYPOCRISY Soviet Union has increased its military might thority of the FBI and the CIA weakened, Whereas the Trilateralists have assumed at an alarming rate; and and governmental boards and committees leadership of the Foreign Policy of the Whereas the Soviet Union has also pro­ concerned with subversion have been abol­ United States and policies once considered vided an unsurpassed Civil Defense capa­ ished-all grim evidence of the success of treason are now openly and boastfully ma.de bility for the protection of its citizens; and the assault on the intelligence community; daily, promoting the convergence of the Resolved, That the National Society, American people with the aims of the Whereas through the SALT agreement, the Daughters of the American Revolution, af­ m yth of detente, and the failure of United Soviet government; and firms the right and duty of the United States Whereas current foreign policy is based States policies to support the necessary de­ government to engage in whatever intelli­ velopment and production of advanced on the "liberal" assum.Ption that equality is gence operations are necessary to protect and far more important than freedom, that weapons systems to keep the United States defend the nation; and a. in a position of military superiority, our powerful government aiming to promote the country is now in a critically inferior posi­ Resolved, That the National Society, "common good" is preferable to an effective tion; and Daughters of the American Revolution, sup­ limited government; and ports the efforts of t he FBI and the CIA in Whereas United States foreign policy has Whereas the abandonment or curtailment t heir intelligence gathering activities, and of such vital projects as the B-1 bomber, become a process of "moral selectivity" moti­ urges t he strengthening of the intelligence vated by an attempt to impose upon other nuclear missile programs, the destruction of units of the Defense Department and the defensive systems, the closing of important nations a false interpretation of the basic restoration of the congressional committees American principles resulting in favoritism military installations, the reduction of mili­ and governmental boards dealing with sub­ tary personnel at home and abroad, the to enemies and repudiation of our proven version. friends and allies; failure to provide any civilian defense, the WORLD MONETARY CONTROL alarming reduction of naval strength, in­ Resolved, That the National Society, cluding the cutback in building of nuclear Whereas foreign aid appropriations chan­ Daughters of the American Revolution, firm­ submarines have greatly impaired the capa­ neled through the United Nations specialized ly su,pports a foreign policy that would pro­ bility of the United States to effectively op­ agencies, the International Monetary Fund tect our proven friends and would cease to pose an aggressor; and and the World Bank and its affiliates, are a deal with our mutual enemies-economi­ Whereas this frightening military imbal­ continuing financial drain upon the United cally, politically and militarily. ance could subject our nation to nuclear States which is burdened with massive debt FEDERAL LAND EMPIRE blackmail or Soviet first-strike annihilation; and is faced with dwindling gold reserves at Whereas the United States of America has and Fort Knox; and Whereas through United States payments encouraged and promoted the historic con­ Whereas the number of Soviet spies known for imports, multinational investments and cept of the right of individuals to own and to be operating within the United States has tourist trade, up to 300 billions of dollars are manage land; and greatly increased in recent years endangering fioating around the world; and Whereas there has been a reversal of this every phase of our economy and our national Whereas the United States government has policy in a concentrated onslaught against defense; and no control over reinvestment by foreign in­ private land ownership by unfavorable tax Whereas according to military authorities terests in the products, securities and real rulings, wilderness land acquisition, orga­ the national defense capability of the United nized environmental groups and dictatorial property of the United States; and management practices of lands and water; States has, since 1962, changed from a posi- Whereas vast wealth controlled by would­ • tion of dominance in every category to a and be world managers has created an interna­ Whereas under the provisions of the Rec­ complete reversal, as the Soviets now have tional group which by design partially con­ the superior capability; lamation Act of 1902, a court ruling (as cited trols the economic policies of the indus­ in the Federal Register of August 25, 1977) Resolved, That as American citizens we re­ trialized nations and is conspiring to con­ order our priori ties to place stronger em - has permitted the federal government to trol the developing naticns of the world; and acquire and redivide into 160 acre plots pri­ phasis on National Defense, to recreate the Whereas would economic control is tanta­ patriotism evidenced in previous national vately owned farmland watered by Federal mount to world government; Reclamation Dams, and has stipulated regu­ crises and to educate our youth to the dan­ Resolved, That the National Society, gers that threaten our very existence as a lations for residency, leasing and sell1ng; nation; and Daughters of the American Revolution, re­ and commends that the nation adopt as its goal Whereas without prior disclosure to the Resolved, That the members of the Na­ a return to gold backed dollars; owner or lessee, land has been confiscated tional Society, Daughters of the American by Executive Order; and Revolution, insist that our national legis­ Resolved, That the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, urges Whereas the federal government owns more lators assert their authority to restore this than one third of all the land in the United nation to its former position of outstanding disentanglement of the United States from the International Monetary Fund and World States with approximately 96 percent of the strength and superiority in order to ensure land of Alaska, 45 percent of California, 66 t he survival of the United States of America. Bank and affiliates which have been ineffec­ as a free nation. tive, have wasted billions of dollars of Amer­ percent of Idaho, 85 percent of Nevada, 53 ican money, have demonstrated no ability percent of Oregon, and 65 percent of Utah; LABOR REFORM-POWER GRAB to restore a sound world economy and pose Resolved, That the National Society, Whereas organized labor, becausee of de­ an imminent threat to the solvency of the Daughters of the American Revolution, views clining union membership, is urging passage United States cf America. with alarm the extent of socialistic land con­ of the Labor Law Reform Bill of 1978, using CONSTI'IUTIONAL CRISIS trol and interference into private ownership the power of the federal government to take of land. punitive action against business; and Whereas the Constitution, the law of the land, protects the American people from tyr­ Resolv ed, That the National Society, Whereas this bill would force compulsory anny as long as they are alert enough to Daughters of the American Revolution, urges union membership on all businesses, nullify­ protect the Constitution; and that the vast empire of federally owned land ing the individual states' Right to Work be reduced in size by sale to the private Laws and the Taft-Hartley Law; and Whereas the Constitution must not be compromised by treaty manipulations which sector. Whereas the effect of this power grab bene­ endanger the guaranteed rights and privi­ REAFFmMATIONS fits only unions, ignoring legitimate concerns leges of citizens; and of employers and employees; and Whereas all past resolutions previously Whereas the United States of America has adopted by the National Society, Daughters Whereas direct intrusion of government been governed by an activist Supreme Court into the collective bargaining process and of the American Revolution, a.re in effect un­ which has usurped law-makinr6 powers far less rescinded; unionization of business will result in higher beyond its judicial responsibilities as set prices, inflation and bankruptcies; Resolv-ed, That the following resolutions forth in the Constitution and has inter­ be reaffirmed: Resolved, That the National Society, preted failure of legislatures as grounds for 1. (Executive Orders-1964-1972) Congress Daughters of the American Revolution, con­ court interference; and should restore its authority of Constitutional tinue to support Right to Work Laws and to Whereas provisions of the Constitution powers vested in it by the Constitution of the oppose the Labor Reform Bill of 1978. have been abrogate:! by Executive Orders; United States of America.. THE ASSAULT ON INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES and 2. (Education-1956, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1977) Whereas the survival of the United States of Whereas pro.Posals have been made to re­ Work to insure that our children understand America and its defense against both ex­ write the Constitution on the pretext that the classic meaning of freedom and to instill ternal and internal threats are dependent the Constitution is not germane to present a renewed sense of self-discipline and moral upon accurate intelligence; and day social and economic conditions; obligation. April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11277

3. (Gun Control-1957, 1966, 1975) Those REPORTING REQUmEMENTS need not be identified by its Latin sub­ who take away our guns and ammunition The reporting requirements for the Exec­ species. If a rose smells the wrong color it take away our freedom. utive Branch, unlike those for the Legisla­ will smell the same if it's a security, a real 4. (Illegal Aliens-1975 back to 1952) Op­ tive or Judicial branches, will apply to thou­ property interest, personal property, or a pose the rewarding of aliens' illegal conduct sands of individuals. Accordingly, it is mineral lease, especially since a mineral lease by giving them amnesty-thus undermining extremely important that these financial re­ is recognized in many states as a real prop­ the efficacy of our laws. porting requirements be as simple, clear, erty interest. 5. (Voter Registration-1977) Continue to and unambiguous as possible. Many of these There are some real issues of definition oppose universal voter registration which reports will be available for public scrutiny, contained in the categorization of H.R. 1 expands the power of the federal government, so it is extremely important to minimize the which the joint substitute solves by using preempts states rights, and enlarges federal possibility that a Civil Service employee the term property: control of voter qualifications. ctmld in good faith file an inaccurate report (a) It is possible under the laws of most 6. (Food and Agriculture-1975) Continue because the requirements are vague, ambig­ states to hold a copyright in any unpublished to oppose the proliferating governmental uous, misleading, or subject to more than one effort. Registering at the Copyright Office is control of the American farmers. legal interpretation. Moreover, although the not required. The interest is a common law 7. (Health-1977) Continue to oppose any approximately 2,500 political appointees in right to protect the unauthorized publica­ national health plan that could have a dis­ the Executive Branch may be somewhat in­ tions of person's letters. Would H.R. 1 re­ astrous effect on the overall health care of <>ulated from such an immediate possibility, quire the listing of every item a person Americans. the other 10,000 Executive Branch employees wrote or where do we draw the line? In addi­ tion, what purpose is served by the dis­ 8. (The Flag of the United State of Ameri­ whose reports are open to public examina­ tion, and who are not political appointees, closure, as H .R. 1 would definitely require, ca-1966, 1977) Reiterate that respect for of a long lost boyhood love song dutifl,llly and honor to the Flag of t he United States can be fired (and have been fired for even of America be strict ly enforced and upheld good faith misinterpretations of financial entered at the Copyright Office 25 years ago? by t he courts. disclosure and conflict of interest rules. And (b) A person who invests in a Broadway while judgment of the initial adequacy and play be a partner in a venture which in­ EMERGENCY RESOLUTION-PANAMA CANAL inadequacy of financial reporting in the Leg­ volves copyright, property held in invest­ Whereas approval of the Panama Canal islative and Judicial branches will be carried ment (costumes and scenery), and securi­ Treaties has been voted by the required two on by the peers of these who are filing, the ties. How, under H.R. 1, does he divide the thirds of the United States Senate in spite only effective mechanism for reviewing the whole when each part is probably valueless of the overwhelming opposition of the Amer­ over 14,000 employees who would file public alone? He has a property interest, for in­ ican people; and reports (and 80,000 who now file and vestment, under the joint substitute, and it Whereas the ominous threat of complete continue to file confidential repor is to is the fact of the interest upon which a Communist domination of the entire Car­ have control coming from a centralized of­ conflict of interest may lie if, for example, ibbean area resulting in the encirclement fice . he is an employee of the Securities and of the United Stt:i.tes of America by Com­ A number of questions have arisen con­ Exchange Commission investigating offer­ munist forces has now become inevitable cerning the substance Part A, of the Judi­ ings to theatre angels. according to plans already formulated by the ciary Committee bill, H.R. 1, to which the ( c) A person who owns shares in a Real Soviet military command as published in Post Office and Civil Service and Armed Estate Investment Trust (REIT) may their official journal, Red Star; Services Committees have prepared a joint actually own interest in real property of Resolved, That t he members of the Na­ substitute (printed in the Record, April 10, which he has no actual knowledge. How tional Society, Daughters of the American 1978, pages H-2704 and following) derived would be declares under H.R. 1? Revolution, as individuals express deep sor­ from their reported versions of H.R. 6954 (d) A person who, under one of the new row and apprehension concerning this tragic (House Report 95-M2, Parts I and II). The plans by which one purchases a right to a decision which will insure the continuance of issues are discussed as follows: vacation condominium for set weeks each Soviet Communist expansion and domina­ A. Section 202(a) (1) (page 21 , lines 15- year (other people purchasing the other tion to the detriment of the United States of 17) of H.R. 1 requires "the source and weeks, and the condominium being rented America and the other free countries of the amount of income, including honoraria, re­ for the benefit of its co-owners at other world; ceived during the preceding calendar year times) may own real property and securi­ Resolved, That the members of the Na­ aggregating $100 or more in value" to be re­ ties. How does he report under H.R. 1? tional Society, Daughters of the American ported. Literally this means that if income (e) Since patents and copyrights are sui Revolution, as individuals, highly commend received from all sources totals $100 or more generis to trademarks, and H.R. l's cate­ those Senators who placed loyalty to coun­ the amount received from each source must gories do not include trademarks, is one try and dedication to its ideals above politi­ be reported. For example, an individual re­ violating the law by reporting a trademark cal .expediency and considerations by voting ceives during the year a $12,000 civil serv­ interest one owns? agamst the Panama Canal Treaties and for ice salary and $5 for cutting his neighbors' C. H.R. 1 consistently requires the report­ their efforts to preserve and protect this lawn. Both must be reported as to source ing of financial interests held or liabilities strategically important geographic area so and amount since income received during owed "directly or indirectly". What con­ vital to the security and defense of the the year aggregates $100 or more. It could stitutes indirect holding? Would the follow­ United States of America and the free -Oe argued that the amounts from each source ing examples constitute indirect holding? world; should be aggregated separately except that An individual transfers title to all real Resolved, That the members of the Na­ where aggregation by source is intended in property to a revocable trust. Must the real tional Society, Daughters of the American the bill, the bill's provisions specifically so property be reported? Revolution, as individuals, redouble their provide See. page 21, lines 20-21 ("from any An individual sets up a partnership with efforts to insist that this disposal of United one source"); page 22, line 6 ("from any a third party and transfers all financial in­ States property be brought before the House one source"); page 22, lines 12-14 ("from a terests to that partnership. Must the trans­ of Representatives and to the courts of the single source" ); page 22, line 18 ("gifts ag­ ferred financial interests be reported? United States of America for final adjudica­ gregating $1,000 or more made to any one An individual sets up a close corporation, tion.e recipient"). Given such specificity, section retains 51 percent interest in the corporation 202 (a) ( 1) can only be read to require ag­ then transfers $100,000 worth of GM stock to gregation of income from all sources, and the corporation. Must the GM stock be re­ since everyone required to report receives a ported? EXECUTIVE BRANCH FINANCIAL salary of more than $100, the $100 threshold An individual buys a 51 percent interest 1n REPORTING REQUIREMENTS is meaningless. Compare the language used a corporation. The corporation owns $100,000 in the joint substitute: "receives from any worth of GM stock. Must the GM stock be source during such period does not exceed reported? HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER $100 per year." An individual buys $100,000 worth of GM stock. GM has as a wholly owned subsidiary OF COLORADO B. Categorizing Assets. H.R. 1 creates sep­ a company, XYZ. XYZ is seeking a multi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arate categories for reporting (a) personal mi'lion dollar contract with the reporting in­ property held in trade of business, (b) Monday, April 24, 1978 dividual's agency. Must the wholly owned transactions in "securities or commodities subsidiary ( XYZ) be reported as an indirect e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I futures," (c) real property holdings or trans­ interest? Would the answer be any different am inserting in the RECORD , for the infor­ actions, and (d) interests in patents, copy­ if the individual owned only one share of rights, or mineral leases (regardless of GM stock? mation of my colleagues, a discussion of value). the differences in reporting requirements A large misconception about the joint sub­ The joint committee substitute requires stitute is that it will unduly burden in­ for executive branch employees which reporting on property held for trade or in­ are contained in H.R. 1 and the substi­ dividuals with reports about income and in­ vestment and transactions in such property. terests of business associations and trusts. tute to H.R. 1 developed by the Commit­ The intentions of financial disclosure are This misconception has come about because tees on Post Office and Civil Service and not served by jumping through hoops. Prop­ the joint substitute rejects the "directly or Armed Services. The discussion follows: erty is property, and a rose given to a lover indirectly" language and spells out general 11278 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 guidelines of what "directly or indirectly" imbursed the next month) will not occur, which in the process of excepting out for pri­ probably is meant to mean. The following since the employee can average the debt out vacy's sake creates untold loopholes. language is used in the joint substitute: over the year. Under section 202(d) (3) a naval officer on "(2) (A) Subject to subparagraph (B) of E. Section 201(e) of H.R. 1 provides that a year long cruise or a civilian employee de­ this paragraph, income, property, and liabili­ an individual must file a report "before leav­ tailed to Alaska !or six months would not ties attributable to any partnership, corpora­ ing" his position. Must an individual who have to file on spouse interests because they tion, or trust (other than a blind trust) in has been fired be kept on the rolls (and paid) were living "separate and apart." which the individual or member of the in­ until he files a report? Requiring an individ­ Under section 202(d) (2) no reporting dividual's immediate family holds a substan­ ual to remain in a job against his will may would be required on a dependent child's tial interest, as determined under regulations be a violation of the 13th Amendment. The controlling interest in Exxon Corporation 1! prescribed by the Director, shall be reported joint substitute requires such reports to be the child had received it from his grand­ as if directly attributable to such individual filed 30 days after leaving the job. parents. Moreover, a non-dependent child or family member. F. Section 201(b) of H.R. 1-Individuals living in the household of an SEC Commis­ " (B) Except with respect to the reporting nominated to positions which require "the sion employee could be trading hundreds of of the identity of parties to any transaction, advice and consent of the Senate" must file thousands of dollars daily in the stock mar­ additional information otherwise required be reports. What about an individual nomi­ ket and escape disclosure even if he were reported under subparagraph (A) is not re­ nated for Vice President under the 25th giving all his profits to the same Commis­ quired to be reported unless a party to such Amendment which also requires House con­ sion employee. transaction- firmation? The joint committee substitute Examples such as these (there are many " ( i) has, or is seeking to obtain, con­ specifically accommodates this situation. more of a less outrageous variety) are why tractual or other business or financial rela­ G. H.R. 1 contains no separate provision the joint substitute contains (a) a tough tions with the reporting individual's em­ for the reporting of unearned income (or definition regarding immediate family and ploying agency; income other than for personal services). (b) vests authority in the overseers of the (ii) conducts operations or activities Exact amounts of unearned income would be program to make exceptions to unneeded which are regulated by such agency; or reported. disclosure. (iii) has interests which may be substan­ The joint substitute contains a special This definition of immediate family in tially affected by the performance or non­ category for reporting income for other than the joint substitute requires reporting of the performance of such individuals official du­ personal services which aggregate $100 or interests of (a) one's spouse, unless legally ties. more from a source in the calendar year. separated for six months, (b) minor chil­ The provision hones in on situations which Such income would also be reported by dren, wherever they reside, and ( c) any may cause conflicts of interest. It will not, categories of amount. relative residing in one's household. The for example, require one to file with his On a disclosure form filed under H.R. l, a joint substitute assures the detection of financial disclosure form a copy of all the conflicts of interest where a repor~ing indi­ person who derived $1 ,000 from interest on a vidual has been in a close relationship with bookkeeping entries and a list of renters savings account at a bank would conse­ (from each of whom he received indirectly a quently look the same to the world as one a relative. share of income) of an apartment house of Moreover, this definition in the joint sub­ who worked for the same banks and earned a stitute is based upon the language of Ex­ which he owned a five percent share, al­ $1,000. Public review of such reporting could though he might have an indirect interest ecutive Order 11222, which now requires lead to the unfounded conclusion that confidential financial disclosure for Execu­ in all of the dealings on this apartment numerous thrifty employees were holding house under H.R. 1. He would just have to tive Branch employees, and which would jobs on the side. Since many Executive continue to apply to employees below grade report on the income he received from the Branch employees are prohibited from hold­ apartment house plus the fact that he held GS-16 if H.R. 1 were enacted. Consequently, ing second jobs, the problem is not a joking enactment of H.R. 1 without adoption of a share in it under the provisions for report­ matter. Since earned and unearned income ing income and property held for investment the joint substitute will require two types are easily separable, no purpose is served by of disclosure for family members of Federal in the joint substitute. Only where a sub­ the potential amount of confusion which stantial interest is involved, for example, employees, the more extensive being for non-separation of earned and unearned those under grade GS-16. tantamount to control of the apartment could cause. house, or a close or public corporation, would K . The blind trust provisions of H.R. 1 and H. H.R. 1 permits any gifts valued under the joint substitute are similar. The joint more detailed reporting be required. The $35 to escape detection no matter their num­ blunderbuss concept of reporting indirect substitute, however, requires such a trust to ber. The joint substitute requires reporting be administered by a person unassociated interests in H.R. 1 is bound to be error prone of gifts aggregating $100 a source, with no with the settlor of the trust. and not a reasonable approach to the detec­ exemption, and requires additional reporting There is a great debate about whether or tion of conflicts of interest. on gifts from those who might have official not such an animal as a blind trust can real­ D. Section 202(a) (4) of H.R. 1 requires dealings with the employee. ly exist. However, there can be no doubt that liabilities . . . which exceed $2,500 to be The reception of a gift, lunch, or anything one of the requirements of a blind trust reported. Thus if an individual signs ten else, by an employee in the Executive Branch should be the absence of association (past $2,400 notes with the same bank, none of the which comes from one he officially deals wit h or present) of the trustee or the settlor. liabilities would be reported since none ex­ is generally grounds for dismissal from the Under H.R. 1, an individual could use the ceeds $2,500 (even though the total of all Civil Service. The public's faith in the Ex­ family lawyer, former business partner, non­ liabilities owed the bank is $24,000) . Com­ ecutive Branch will not be served by opening dependent child, father, mother, girlfriend, pare the joint substitute, which requires the up the loophole H.R. 1 creates: that Federal or boyfriend as trustee. The "insulation" of a reporting of "any liability owed any person, employees may be wined and dined up to $35 blind trust must be two-way. Even if a Fed­ if the aggregate amount owed such person by those they regulate. eral employee does not know what is in such ... exceeds $2,500." I. H .R. 1 excludes reporting of alimony a trust, if he is associated with the trustee he Morover, one has to know, under H.R. 1, and child support" payments received. The could, unintentionally or intentionally, the person whom the money is owed to ac­ joint substitute contains no such provision. "spill the beans" about an anti-trust case tually is. A person who, for example, borrows Alimony would be treated as income to the a.bout to be announced, or a large contract on a stock brokerage account cannot easily reporting individual. Child support would about to be let, which his trustee could use to trace to whom he is actually in debt. All he be income to immediate family members. his eventual advantage. It makes little sense knows is that he pays back the broker. The The need for any spe::ial exclusion for such to make even the inadvertent disclosure of same goes with many automobile loans, per­ payments is debatable. We are, mind you, information which might affect a trustee's sonal loans, mortgage loans, or small busi­ primarily dealing in financial disclosure leg­ dealing with the assets of a blind trust ness loans, which may be discounted to other islation with persons with incomes over $36,- possible. 500 per year. Nevertheless, it is rather absurd firms although collected by the original to require the spouse of an individual to the L. Income from the U.S. Government. The holder. Consequently, under H .R. 1, a person source of income received when the same joint substitute requires disclosure of all in­ could have 100 outstanding $2 .499 "loans" source of income, and probably the same de­ come, including that received from the from a person he regulates and never report sire to assure its continued receipt, may be United States Government. There is a great any while a person who reported a General present in the case of an ex-spouse who is re­ need for such disclosure, and it will not, for Motors Acceptance Corporation auto loan quired by law to pay alimony or child most employees in the Executive Branch who which actually had been discounted to the support. are only receiving salaries. involve any new Bank of America would be mic;filin ~ . The J . Section 202(a) of H.R. 1 requires only intrusion upon privacy: salaries of Federal joint substitute would not permit such an certain disclosure in the case of family mem­ employees are already publicly available. absurdity to occur. bers. Generally reporting is required only of The most impressive case regarding this In addition, the joint committee substitute a spouse residing wit h the reporting individ­ matter is that of the Federal employee at the permits the yearly averaging of a revolving ual and a reporting individual's dependent Department of Transportation who recently credit card debt. H.R. 1 does not. Under H.R. child and only to the extent to which either was convicted of receiving about $800,000 in 1, needless reporting, such as that of a State a spouse or child's interest are or have been U.S. mass transit funds. Although, of course, Department employee who charges an official entangled with thoEe of the reporting in­ such a case might be covered up by a willful trip to Japan on his American Express dividual. This subsection is a noble attempt failure to disclose, eliminating the disclosure (which costs $3,000 and for which he is re- at protecting privacy within the family of Federal payments received as one of the April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11279 criteria. which must be checked out during DISCLOSURE OF REPORTS four inspectors to detect fraud and abuse in review or audit of financial disclosure form H.R. 1 requires full disclosure of all reports the $6 billion Federal highway program. directs efforts a.way from a. potential area of filed pursuant to it. There is no review of The Veterans Administration had only one abuse. An even more recent example of, at the reports prior to disclosure. auditor for every $238 million provided it by least, appearance of impropriatey in this area The joint substitute varies the amount of Congress. is the investigation of certain Federal em­ public disclosure. Political empoyees would The Labor Department devoted only three ployees who review workman's compensation disclose all information they report. Career one-hundredths of one percent of its $23.5 ca..ses and have collected workman's compen­ employees would disclose only the identities billion budget to investigations and audit. sation. or sourc-es of items in all categories which As these examples suggest, the Govern­ Other problem areas which could be ig­ they report except that they would disclose ment's defense against fraud has been nored by not requiring disclosure of Federal the amount of outside income earned. Mili­ meager. But there are some preliminary signs payments include a Federal employee who tary personnel and career employees below that Congress and various agencies are be­ works on the side as a consultant to his grade GS-16 would not be required to pub­ ginning to move to stanch the annual flow agency, a Federal employee who is selling licly disclose their reports. of billions of tax dollars to dishonest execu­ property to his agency, a. Federal employee Under the joint substitute review is re­ tives, hospitals, schools, doctors, banks, wel­ who is wrongfully claiming partial cancella­ quired of all reports before they are made fare recipients and others who try to bilk the tion of a student loan on the basis of being publicly available. Review of reports, espe­ Government. Among these signs are the a teacher, and a Federal employee receiving cially of those to be made public, is crucial following: research grant. to preventing public confusion, preventing The House of Representatives is expected M. Job Description. H.R. 1 does not require the public from misinterpreting informa­ to approve on Tuesday legislation mandating the filing of an employee's job description (if tion in the reports, and perhaps correcting the establishment of a central, semi-autono­ available) with his financial disclosure form. apparent conflicts of interest. mous office of inspector general in 12 Federal The joint substitute does. With 14,000 executive branch employees agencies that each year spend $100 billion. 10,000 or so of the 14,000 Executive Branch publicly disclosing, the odds are that many Attorney General Griffin B. Bell, in his first employees of whom public financial disclo­ reports will (not through willfulness) be in­ year in office, has sought to increase the sure will be required are not high ranking accurate. We have only to view the number efforts of the Justice Department, the Fed­ political appointees who may be in positions of income tax forms found to have mathe­ eral Bureau of Investigation and the 94 in which any investment might be affected matical errors to recognize one source of United States attorneys to combat white­ by a decision they make. Conflicts of interest such errors. Yet, if an employee transposes collar crime, particularly fraud against the for the bulk of Executive Branch employees an error on his tax form onto his financial Government. Al though some experts believe will thus result from financial dealings in disclosure form (and the expectation and that his personnel allocations have not kept narrow areas of concern. It thus makes sense argument is that the forms may be completed pace with his statements, the Attorney Gen­ to require that the public have available together), H.R. 1 p·ermits no opportunity for eral has emphasized this effort in a series of when reviewing their reports, the general correction of the error through reviews. speeches in which he promised new attacks guidelines of their duties. This will cause the Factor in the possibilities of miscategorizing on white-collar crime. "One serious aspect of public less confusion and since job descrip­ an asset or missinterpreting a definition and white-collar crime is fraud against the Gov­ tions are already publicly available (with the problems multiply. Review prior to pub­ ernment, including Medicare and Medicaid a little trying) will create no burden to em­ lic availability is a necessity which is recog­ programs," he said in a speech to the bar ployees themselves.e nized by the joint substitute.e association in Little Rock, Ark. "But fraud is too nice a term. It is theft of Government funds, and that really means stealing from the public. DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL RE­ U.S. AGENCIES BOLSTER DEFENSES In response to a law approved by Congress PORTS: A BETTER APPROACH FOR AGAINST FRAUD in 1976, largely at the urging of Representa­ THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH tive L. H. Fountain, Democrat of North Caro­ lina, the Department of Health, Education, HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS and Welfare has created a. unified and still HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN growing Office of Inspector General, which OF GEORGIA has begun trying to improve the detection OF MARYLAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and prevention of fraud and mismanage­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, April 24, 1978 ment in the department's 320 programs. Monday, April 24, 1978 The Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis­ • Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, last week tration, a branch of the Justice Department, e Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, when I submitted for the RECORD the first ar­ has made a. series of grants to help local the House considers H.R. 1 on Wednes­ ticle in a series which appeared in the prosecutors improve their ability to deal with day, Mr. STRATTON will offer a substitute New York Times concerning fraud and economic crimes and to assist states in to part A of title II of this bill. This sub­ adopting model laws on purchasing and con­ abuse in Federal programs. Today, I tracts designed to reduce the opportunities stitute contains the joint efforts of the would like to bring to the attention of Committees on Post Office and Civil to steal from the Government. my colleagues the second article in the NEW EFFORTS TO REDUCE FRAUD Service and Armed Services. I urge my series, entitled "U.S. Agencies Starting colleagues to closely examine it. Interviews with a cross section of officials To Bolster Meager Defens es Against and former officials further indicate that a With thousands, rather than hundreds, Fraud." number of agencies, responding to the pres­ of employees in the executive branch This article points to some of the prob­ sure developed by Mr. Fountain in hearings being required to file financial reports. lems the Government faces in beefing up of his House Intergovernmental Relations consideration must be given to the varied efforts to weed out fraud and abuse in Subcommittee, have begun to increase their situations in which these employees ob­ efforts to reduce fraud. Government programs. One of these Allan L. Reynolds, the recently appointed tained their jobs and the varied amounts problems 1s the built-in bias of adminis­ of disclosure which may be required to inspector general of the Veterans Adminis­ trators who do not want their programs tration. for example, is in the process of detect conflicts of interest. H.R. 1 just to be identified with cheaters, but who tripling his audit a.nd investigation team, broad brushes all employees into full fi­ oftentimes are the ones investigators expanding it to 325 persons as against a.bout nancial disclosure to the public. It makes must clear with before initiating an 100 at the end of last year. no distinction between a Federal em­ investigation. Secretary of Labor Ra.y Marshall an­ ployee who is a librarian or assistant bu­ As you know, the House approved last nounced last week the formation of a per­ reau chief and the President. manent office of special investigations to deal week legislation establishing Offices of with fraud and mismanagement in his de­ In my opinion, there is a need to make Inspectors General in 11 executive agen­ partment's programs. such distinctions. The President may be cies and departments. This legislation Despite these and other steps, however, able to call a press conference to explain should solve this particular problem, in­ many officials cited a variety of continuing away an error in his financial form. The asmuch as the Inspectors General will be psychological, sociological and programmatic librarian of the assistant bureau chief responsible for audits and investigations pressures that mean the Federal Government could call a thousand press conferences only and have no program responsibility is still an easy mark. and probably never have anyone attend to divide their allegiances. LACK OF BUILT-IN INCENTIVES to listen to his explanation. The article fallows: Simply put, the Government lacks some I urge my colleagues to examine the U.S. AGENCIES STARTING To BOLSTER MEAGER of the built-in incentives to protect itself joint substitute and the following discus­ DEFENSES AGAINST FRAUD from fraud that an individual or a busi­ ness concern has. sion of the differences regarding disclo­ (By David Burnham) An individual has limited resources to sure of reports between the substitute WASHINGTON, April 16.-The Department spend and normally is quick to notice when and H.R. 1: of Transportation last year assigned only he is being cheated. Corporate managers 11280 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 must answer to stockholders if they are being by the 50 states. Its supervision at the Fed­ filcts of Interest In the sense of the ingrained cheated and must disclose the situation on eral level consists of the pa.rt-time effort of biases of an administrator who comes from an their balance sheets. six trained criminal investigators and 13 Industry he ls responsible for, that ls a tough But Government administrators handle program analysts. problem." money that belongs to no one because it LETHARGIC ENFORCEMENT POSSmLE Brent Rushford, who recently joined the comes from everyone, and they often deal Defense Department as an assistant general with people they have never seen and to Such situations tend to breed lethargic en­ forcement. The experienced head of the fraud counsel to work on the fraud problem whom they are not immediately accountable. agreed. "My own opinion ls that while there Charles F. C. Ruff, the fourth Watergate section in one Federal prosecutor's office said that if he was a local district attorney he are a lot of good reasons for cross fertlllza.­ prosecutor, now the deputy inspector gen­ tion, It creates serious problems," he said. "It eral of the Department of Health, Education would not be greatly concerned about fraud against his city or county when as much as ls very hard to switch your loyalties, very and Welfare, touched on the matter in a re­ hard to drop old loyalties."e cent interview. 90 percent of the funds lost came from Wash­ Some of the "inducements to heightened ington. criminality," he s::lld, include "very few con­ "I'd figure that if the Federal Government wants to throw away its money, let the Fed­ PARREN J. MITCHE~AN ALTER­ trols on how the money is spent, no im­ NATIVE MILITARY STRATEGY mediate victims" and low odds that an of­ eral Government prosecute the cases," he fender will be caught. He added: "No one said. is really being hurt." Moreover, states and local governments are HON. PARREN J. MITCHELL Mark M. Richard, head of the fraud section some t i~es not eager to find corruption in in the Justice Department's criminal divi­ Federal programs because they might be held OF MARYLAND sion, said, "The problem with fraud, and liable for the repayment of losses from their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES own budgets. with most white-collar crime, is in showing Monday, April 24, 1978 the significance of what was done. It's not a The General Accounting Office has sug­ sexy area." gested that Federal prosecutors, like their e Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland. Mr. Moreover, Government officials may be dis­ colleagues at the local level, frequently fail Speaker, one of the most unfortunate inclined to root out corruption because to to prosecute those found to be steallng from the Government because of a lack of man­ aspects of the national discussion on do so might reflect badly on their programs defense policies and military spending and ultimately damage their careers. Most power. of those interviewed said that program man­ According to one of its reports, almost two­ is that it resembles a monolog more agers frequently had an allegiance to the thirds of the 1.2 million criminal complaints than a dialog. The voices appealing for clients or administrative system their pro­ referred to Federal prosecutors in a recent constructive and less costly alternatives grams were serving, a factor that often un­ six-year period were not prosecuted, at least to present policies have not been afforded dermined efforts to improve accountability. in part for that reason. Furthermore, the a fair hearing. The only question we Mr. Reynolds, the new Inspector general G.A.0. found that in four sample offices 22 seem to debate each year in Congress is at the Veterans Administration and for percent of the complaints on which the Gov­ ernment did not act "were considered prose­ which, not whether our foreign policy or almost 25 years an auditor at H.E.W. and the international position requires us to Interior Department, said: "There ls a cutable." motivation among many program people to­ CONCENTRATION ON DETECTION maintain a huge defense establishment ward the client or Industry-by this I mean While the hearings by Representative reminiscent of the Cold War. a school or hospital system-that they are Fountain's subcommittee and the statements During the consideration of the first serving. They don't have a high level of con­ of President Carter about the need for effici­ budget resolution, I shall raise the issue cern, characteristically, about preventing ency in Government appear to have height­ of alternative policies and expenditures. fraud and abuse." ened sensitivity to fraud against the Govern­ Tu prepare for that national priorities He emphasized that he had not been at ment, officials so far have concentrated on debate, I would like to share with my the V.A. long enough to make generallzations detection and prosecution rather than pre­ a.bout that agency. colleagues a report prepared recently by vention. Yet it is in the area of prevention two eminent military authorities which Robert R. Elliott, the former general coun­ that many experts believe real improvements sel of the Department of Housing and Urban a.re possible. recommends substantial reductions be­ Development, said that administrators of For example, Mr. Richard of the Justice low current force levels without jeopard­ Federal programs had "a tremendous ten­ Department said that since neither the Fed­ izing any commitments to our friends dency" to decide that people steallng from eral nor State criminal justice systems could and allies. the Government were doing so by accident adequately cope with the fraud that existed, The report, entitled, "Military Policy rather than design. "It doesn't help a pro­ the Government should devise programs that gram if its constituents are viewed as and Budget Priorities: Fiscal Years were less subject to abuse. 1979-82," was prepared by Townsend frauds," Mr. Elliott said. "Who wants to find Thomas D. Morris, H.E.W.'s inspector gen­ his own program full of frauds?" involved in shaping ... Mr.Morris's deputy, Hoopes and Dr. Herbert Scoville. Mr. MEALS FOR 2 .4 MILLION Mr. Ruff, added that his hope was "to reduce Hoopes was Under Secretary of the Air Administrators of programs, and the spon­ fraud by simplifying government." Force 0967-69), Principal Deputy As­ sors of them in Congress, tend to concentrate "If all we do is add new reporting forms, if sistant Secretary of Defense for Inter­ on the social problems their programs are all we do is make Government more compli­ national Security Affairs 0965-67) , and designed to alleviate and sometimes look cated," Mr. Ruff said, "we might as well fold Assistant to the Secretary of Defense upon controls to prevent fraud as a hin­ up our t ent and go awav " 0949-52). Dr. Scoville was Assistant Di­ drance. But interviews with officials throughout the rector of the Arms Control and Disarma­ The summer food service program for Government indicated that there was no con­ ment Agency 0963-69), Assistant Direc­ children, for example, in recent years has certed effort to prevent fraud. tor and Deputy Director of the Central provided meals to 2 .4 milllon children at NO PROJECT ON PREVENTION more than 16,000 places throughout the Intelligence Agency (1955-63) and Tech­ United States. Peter J . Petkas, director of the management nical Director, Armed Forces Special staff of President Carter's Government re­ But the General Accounting Office has in­ organization project, said that his group had Weapons Project, Department of De­ vestigated the program and uncovered indi­ no across-the-board project concerning fraud fense <1948-55) . cations of kickbacks, bribes, improper bid­ Their report concludes that significant ding procedures and questionable claims for prevention. Richard Berg, executive director payments. of the United States Administrative Confer­ savings can be achieved and our se­ Another explanation for the Government's ence, an agency designed to improve Gov­ curity enhanced by a courageous re­ failure to combat fraud more effectively is ernment procedures, said he could not recall examination and realinement of the the sheer size and complexity of many pro­ any project by his agency aimed at reducing force structure. grams. The Veterans Administration, for ex­ fraud. As I intend to use their recommenda­ ample, provides monetary benefits to more And the Office of Management and Budget tions to provide assistance in developing than six million people. In the fiscal year has repeatedly reduced the size of investigat­ ing and auditing branches in various agencies military reductions in my transfer 1977, the Defense Department had 10 320 141 amendment to the budget resolution, I "procurement actions" in which it pald $·10,- in the last few years. 000 or more for some item or service, accord­ According to a number of officials, one urge my colleagues to give it close ing to Brent Rushford, who was recently underlying explanation for the Government's scrutiny. named an assistant general counsel of the broad failure to detect, prosecute and pre­ It should also be noted, Mr. Speaker, department with a specific mandate to re­ vent fraud is that program managers fre­ that their report contains an introduc­ duce fraud. quently come from the constituencies they tion signed by the presidents of our ma­ Adding to this complexity is the fact that are serving, expect to join them when they many Federal programs are run by state leave Government service or have financial jor domestic institutions, including the county or city governments. The Labor De~ interests in those areas. U.S. Conference of Mayors, the United partment's $15 billion unemployment insur­ "The revolving door is a contributing factor Auto Workers, the Urban League, the ance program, for example, ls administered to this problem," Mr. Reynolds said. "Con- American Federation of State, County April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11281 and Municipal Workers, the Interna­ tablish military bases in those places. In believe that a number of our military deploy­ tional Association of Machinists, and the our judgment, both superpowers have been ments can be safely reduced, and that such forced in recent years to accept a greater actions would be in the national interest. National Education Association. The in­ accommodation to the indigenous dynamic They would produce desirable savings in the troduction urges that wasteful defense of local events in an increasingly unman­ military budget and thus permit the transfer spending be eliminated and that provi­ ageable world. of funds to socially useful programs. Of equal sions be made for the conversion of un­ The overall U.S.-Soviet balance remains importance, they would give us a military necessary military production facilities stable. Both the USSR and the United States posture more appropriate to our national to civilian uses. These national leaders possess enormous military power, and both requirements in a period when the primary suggest that unwarranted defense spend­ countries have been expanding or moderniz­ foreign policy problems are nonmilitary in ing should be trimmed and transferred to ing their military forces beyond reasonable nature. limits. Both have far more military capability If the military force structure is expanded, domestic programs to revitalize our in the aggregate than they can effectively then it is certain that the longer term costs cities and rural areas. I heartily endorse utilize in conjunction with any foreseeable of manpower, procurement and operations their transfer perspective. international crisis-including total nuclear will dwarf any short-term savings that may I feel that this report, "Military Pol­ war. The contention that whichever super­ be realized through greater efficiencies. Deci­ icy and Budget Priorities: Fiscal Years power spends more of its GNP on military sions made now on force structure questions 1979-82" deserves close attention, for it procurement will automatically gain prestige will determine the character and level of is one of the most serious efforts to swim or leverage in the Third World, or in fore­ military spending for decades to come. against the tide on military policy issues. seeable crisis situations anywhere, is a highly One principal aim of this paper .is to dubious proposition, as reference to the non­ broaden the debate over military alterna­ During this week, I will be inserting each military nature of the overriding global tives, which has been confined within very of the Report's sections, and I will also problems has suggested. It is well known, for narrow limits during the past several years. enter into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD example, that the Soviet Union spends a While the factor of the US-Soviet military some of the press responses to the report. greater proportion of its GNP on agriculture balance is fundamental in such a debate, The first installment, which includes than we do, but this does not make Russia there are many other considerations. Presi­ the introduction by major domestic lead­ the world's leading breadbasket; on the con­ dent Carter has instituted a "zero-based ers and the foreign policy framework set trary, the Soviets must import huge quanti­ budgeting" technique aimed in part at ties of wheat from us. The CIA recently achieving a balanced budg~t by 1981. This out by Mr. Hoopes and Dr. Scoville, now doubled its estimate of the percentage of So­ technique forces government agencies to jus­ follows: viet GNP devoted to military spending, but it tify and "prioritize" their entrenched spend­ THE FOREIGN POLICY FRAMEWORK did not change its estimate of Soviet military ing programs. Such a process requires the If the United States has suffered foreign capability. The analysis showed, not that we vigorous development and debate of alter­ policy frustrations recently, none has been are twice as threatened, but that the Soviet native programs; nothing is regarded as the result of U.S. military weakness. Larger economy is twice as inefficient as we had orig­ sacred, everything is open to question. It is military forces would not have enabled us inally thought. Finally, we see little indica­ imperative that this "zero-based" technique to roll back the price of oil, manage the tion in present and prospective Soviet policy be applied to our military spending and mili­ transition from minority white rule in of an aggressive drive carrying with it a will­ tary commitments, for two reasons: First, Southern Africa, or effect a political settle­ ingness to run a serious risk of war. there exists a powerful inertia in favor of the ment in the Middle East. Our decision not We need to maintain significant military steady expansion of military programs, sus­ to intervene militarily· in these situations power. But in an era of slow economic growth tained bye. powerful military-industrial con­ did not follow from a judgment that our and scarce resources worldwide, the particu­ stituency. Second, there exists in our society military forces were inadequate, but rather lar size and character of the U.S. defense a strong tendency to accept new military from a considered conclusion that none of budget does not send sensitive or even rele­ technology, without examining whether it these situations lent itself to a military solu­ vant "signals" of our intentions to either al­ will produce greater or lesser security.e tion-indeed that a U.S. military interven­ lies or potential adversaries. A "real growth" tion could only have exacerbated the diffi­ military budget is not therefore a pre­ culties. In part, our sensible restraint was requisite to effective U.S. efforts to confront, QUEEN ISABELLA DAY derived from the painful and sobering les­ define and resolve major global problems fac­ sons learned in Vietnam-that there are ing the world today; nor is it a test of our inherent limits to the effectiveness of mili­ internationalism, in the sense that a reduc­ HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II tary power as an instrument of policy, tion in the military budget would be read as OF WEST VIRGINIA even for a great power. An equally influ­ a return to isolationism. We are hardly an ential factor was the commonsense realiza­ isolationist nation. The Carter Administra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of our government and people that the tion has launched a whole range of significant Monday, April 24, 1978 critical problems that cut across the world foreign policy initiatives-in the Middle East today-ranging from food shortages, energy and Africa, in Latin America, on nuclear pro­ e Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I would imbalances, rising national tariff walls, liferation, on Western economic policy, on like to bring to the attention of my large-scale violation of human rights, and arms sales, and human rights. Success in colleagues a proclamation offered by the precarious stability of democratic gov­ these initiatives demands the concentrated Gov. John D. Rockefeller IV, Governor ernments-cannot be ameliorated by mili­ attention of our best diplomats and govern­ of the State of West Virginia, on behalf tary force. ment managers, and they need to be backed of the residents of West Virginia declar­ Nor is there any significant element in by significant resources, but it does not de­ pend upon an expansion of U.S. military ing April 22, 1978, as Queen Isabella Day. present or prospective U.S.-Soviet relations This day is set to honor the 527th birth­ that requires us, rationally, to expand our forces. military forces. Unfortunately, reason and President Carter said recently, "It is a new day of the woman responsible for the dis­ proportion have frequently conflicted with world that calls for a new American foreign covery of America. the picture painted by proponents of la.rger policy." We agree, and suggest that the mili­ Whereas, America's Discovery in 1492 was U.S. military spending. They have argued tary posture appropriate to underpin such a made possible through support from Queen that the story of the past decade in world foreign policy is one sufficient to defend the Isabella (1451-1504), Queen of Castile, wife diplomacy is the story of Soviet gains and United States and its principal strategic in­ of Ferdinance of Aragon; and American losses-caused by rising Soviet terests, but that we neither want nor need a Whereas, the navigator was able to present military power. This seems to us a quite false capacity for extensive military interventions his innovative navigational theories to the picture of reality. Western frustrations and in the Third World. Spanish Court because Queen Isabella had setbacks have been fundamentally unrelated been moved by his honesty and determina­ to Soviet military strength. Moreover, there THE MILITARY BUDGET tion; and is abundant evidence that the Soviets have The important military bur:lget issues fac­ Whereas, that voyage opened North and been seeking normalized relations with the ing the American people today relate to force South America to settlement and develop­ West during this period, in part to gain the structure-how many active Army divisions ment by European nations, laying the foun­ benefits of Western technology and even of should be deployed, how many Air Force dations for contemporary American socie­ Western foodstuffs, but even more basically wings should be procured and maintained, ties; and to enhance the security of the USSR. And and how much military force should be "for­ Whereas, the colonizing of this country Soviet diplomatic forays in the Third World ward positioned" far from our shores. These and the winning of its independence could have been tentative and have not fared well. are the basic questions. The new Adminis­ have been delayed for many years without The Soviets face continuing dissension in tration has inherited and is carrying forward Queen Isabella's initiative and the success­ Eastern Europe, are quarreling bitterly with a planned expansion of U.S. military forces. ful voyage of Columbus; and the Euro-communist parties of Western In our view, such an expansion is not war­ Whereas, Sail explorations gave Spain a Europe, have been expelled from Egypt and ranted at this time either by the general vast empire, Isabella did not treat the NEW Somalia, have lost influence in Syria, and climate of international conditions or by the WORLD with greed or neglect. Many times have been rebuffed by the new countries in present and prospective state of US--Soviet she expressed concern with the plight of the Africa and Indochina in their efforts to es- or US--China relations. On the contrary, we American natives. When Indians were CXXIV--710-Part 9 11282 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 brought back to Spain as slaves, Isabella or­ issues, voicing my opinion in a constructive RESOLUTION dered them freed; and manner, and being faithful to the call of Whereas, President Carter and the Demo­ Whereas, The history of America has di­ duty in the armed services. cratic members of the Congress have publicly rect linkage to the birth of Queen Isabella on People are destroyed for their lack of committed themselves to re-order Federal April 22, 1451; and knowledge. Consequently, a society dies be­ spending priorities away from wasteful mili­ Whereas, t he 527th birthday anniversary cause its members are ignorant of the issues tary programs and toward domestic programs of Queen Isabella occurs on April 22, 1978. that affects them. Ignorance works within meeting human needs; and Now, therefore, I , John D. Rockefeller IV, a nation like cancer does within a human Whereas, the security of our nation, our by virtue of the authority vested in me as body. Therefore to perform my obligations city, and our neighborhoods is directly Governor of the State of West Virginia, do I must be aware of the controversies that threatened, daily, by neglected human needs; hereby proclaim April 22, 1978, as "Queen influence me directly or indirectly. Knowl­ and Isabella Day" in West Virginia, and do urge edge is also the instrument of production Whereas, Pittsburgh does not have the all citizens to observe the day and that in a democratic state in which all citizens financial resources, by itself, to resolve a teachers direct the attention of your stu­ are to participate. But in order for every­ number of urgent social, economic, educa­ dents to the history of Queen Isabella, whose one to be productive they must be well in­ tional, medical, legal and environmental generosity resulted in generations of immi­ formed of their responsibilities. The way I problems; and grants from all over the world seeking their can be productive is to do the best I can Whereas, Congress will introduce a TrSins­ freedom and fortune in the Western Hemis­ to learn in the classroom and to be open to fer Amendment for Fiscal Year 1979 Federal phere. the news media. Knowledge is a life giving Budget; Now therefore be it In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my source to the principle of human liberty. Resolved, That the Council of the City o! hand and caused the Great Seal of the State As a result of being knowledgeable of the Pittsburgh calls upon Congress to redress to be affixed. major issues I then can perform my second the imbalance between domestic expendi­ Done at the Capitol in the City of Charles­ responsibility; to voice my opinion in a con­ tures and the Pentagon by supporting the ton, State of West Virginia, this the Sixth structive manner. Knowledge is the door transfer of funds from unwarranted military day of April, in the year · of our Lord, One to democracy and practice is the key that spending to human needs programs through Thousand Nine Hundred Seventy-eight and unlocks knowledge. In order for knowledge to the Congressional budget process.e in the One Hundred Fifteenth year of the work it must be used. If I disagree with an State. idea I have the right and the duty to say so. By the Governor: The concept of a "government of the people, LOCKING CONSTITUTIONAL HORNS JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, by the people, and for the people" will not OVER THE PANAMA CANAL Governor. work unless the people do participate and A. JAMES YANCHINE. make their voices heard. To fulfill this re­ Secretary of State.e sponsibility now and in the future I c3.n HON. GEORGE HANSEN express myself through voting, petitions, and OF IDAHO formal speeches. If this nation is to increase MISSOURI'S VOICE OF DEMOCRACY its greatness, young people like myself and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WINNER others must voice our approval or dissent. We Monday, April 24, 1978 must be willing to accept change for the better through the voice of disagreement of e Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, although I HON. GENE TAYLOR acceptance and to see our plans curied out. am extremely disappointed in the vote OF MISSOURI The third obligation is to serve my coun­ last week by the Senate to dispose of the try honorably in one of the military branches Panama Canal without the consent of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES if called upon to do so. The price may seem House of Representatives as required in Monday, April 24, 1978 great but freedom was never free. If the article IV. section 3. clause 2, of the U.S. draft were to be reenacted and I burned my Constitution, I would like to assure my • Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, recently a draft card or fled the country after being young constituent of mine, Mr. Shelby drafted then I would not deserve the pride colleagues in the House that the battle Michael Durham became the representa­ of saying that I was an American. To march has only just begun. tive for the State of Missouri in the an­ on foreign soil in order not only to secure Our position is sound and our efforts nual Voice of Democracy scholarship America's liberty, but also to promote de­ did receive aid because of an amendment program. Shelby was one of over a mocracy and freedom is possibly the greatest to the treaties by Senator BROOKE which quarter of a million young people who thing an individual can do for his country. keeps the President from exchanging in­ took part in the scholarship program. To be able to say that I served my country struments of ratification until March 31, is a self-recognition that is truly deserved. 1979. This helps assure the House time For tlhe past 16 years, the Veterans of An individual must be willing to protect Foreign Wars and its Ladies Auxiliary America unless he can prove it contradicts to consider several options. We could, for has offered our Nation's youth an op­ his religious values. instance, reject the administration's im­ portunity to win a scholarship and par­ The value of being an American is hard plementing legislation, or propose vari­ ticipate in our country's post-secondary to put into words if one seeks its true worth, ous amendments to appropriations au­ education process. In the beginning, one for it is very valuable. The privileges of be­ thorizations for fiscal year 1979 to deny $1,500 scholarship was awarded for the ing an American to me is the honor of exist­ funds to be used in connection with the first place winner. Today, the program ing in a st::itus that is respected all over the treaties until such time as the House world. It gives me an identification with our votes on disposition of U.S. property in has grown until the VFW is able to offer forefathers who considered the same three five awards for a total of $22,500. It is responsibilities that I gave as the building the Panama Canal Zone. my hope that they will be able to con­ blocks of a great nation. Therefore, I view my The fight in the House of Representa­ tinue this fine service to our youth as role as a citizen very important. I hope to tives has just started, and I would like well as to our Nation. be knowledgeable in America's 11ws and to remind each of my colleagues that it I am proud of Missouri's winner, as issues. I plan to voice my opinion if needed is not too late to sign discharge petition I am sure Shelby's parents and friends and to defend my country spiritually, mor­ No. 6 as many are doing each day. are in his hometown of Springfield, Mo. ally, and physically. I must strive to fulfill There is no need to point out the mis­ these responsibilities and if I succeed I will chief which might take place if the con­ I would like to share Shelby's outstand­ find myself fulfilling my greatest respon­ ing speech with my colleagues. sibility and that is giving my entire self to cept of "self-executing treaties" is The speech follows : this beloved country.e allowed to prevail where property dis­ SHELBY MICHAEL DURHAM , MISSOURI WINNER posal and appropriations are involved. OF 1977-78 V.F .W. VOICE OF DEMOCRACY Once the precedent exists, where will the ScHOLARSHIP PROGRAM TRANSFER AMENDMENT lines be drawn? Wil~ treaty approval In this land of the free we must each ask power further expand to preclude any ourselves how long will it continue to be need for action by the House of Repre­ free? Will it last another two hundred years? HON. DOUGLAS WALGREN sentatives in matters of foreign policy? This land will only continue to be a land of OF PENNSYLVANIA If the possibilities are expanded, will self­ freedom as long as its people fulfill their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES executing treaties even allow tax adjust­ responsibilities as American citizens. Thus, ments and other appropriations.:.type au­ we must ask ourselves another question, Monday, April 24, 1978 what are the responsibilities of Americans? thority exclusive of House action? And After contemplating this question myself, I e Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, the ultimately, can a President eventually concluded that there are three responsibili­ council of the city of Pittsburgh, on sign Executive agreements which finally ties that are the most important for a young April 3, 1978. approved a resolution preclude even the Senate in treaty American citizen as myself; the responsibil­ which I would like to insert in the RECORD matters? ity of being knowledgeable of the major at this time: The Senate via the Brooke amend- April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11283 ment has granted us the time to resolve garding the Panama issue as set by the influenced passage of the Brooke reser­ the question of a House vote and they Senate is as follows: vation. Senator BROOKE ·..vas a strong have also created a situation whereby First. The DeConcini, of Arizona, res­ advocate of the Hatch amendment and the House will offer the ultimate resolu­ ervation, had the situation in chaos just I am sure that he proposed his reserva­ tion to the Panama issue by accepting 4 days prior to the final vote on the Pan­ tion in deference to due process and in or rejecting the administration's imple­ ama Canal Treaty. The "Tale of Two sympathy to House Members. The Brooke menting legislation. Countries" finally shed some light on the reservation was designed to allow needed There are two fights involved-one obvious fraud of selling an agreement time for House action. where each party is giving conflicting as­ The present situation concerning the over the Panama Canal and one over the Panama situation in the House is as Constitution. I ask that, whatever your surances of the terms. However, I believe feelings regarding the Panama Treaty that the DeConcini reservation is now follows: (1) The Hansen-Murphy resolution, issue, you continue to fight for the rights worthless in light of statements made to of the House and preservation of our ABC's Barbara Walters by Panama's House Concurrent Resolution 347 now proper constitutional role as representa­ Gen. Omar Torrijos on April 19. Torri­ has 239 cosponsors and many more sym­ tives of the people. The House must as­ jos stated that if the Senate had not rat­ pathizers in addition, an unprecedented sert itself and preserve the separation of ified the treaties he was prepared to in­ show of support for legislation involv­ tervene militarily in the Canal Zone the ing a major controversial issue. This has powers. This constitutional principle been in progress since the treaty signing must remain intact. next morning. He also stated that he would blow the canal up before he would and has become the foundation for a con­ However, when the will of the House is stitutional defense against the adminis­ thwarted by certain influences, then we ever allow the United States to inter­ vene militarily to reopen the canal in tration's railroad job on the Panama must turn to the only legislative tool Canal giveaway in the Senate. The fight capable of alleviating the situation. case of shutdown. These inflammatory statements are given even stronger sup­ is to save the Constitution. I am sure Therefore, I initiated discharge petition that is why over half of the Members of No . 6 which would allow for immediate port in light of his further remarks on April 21 when he stated that Muammer the House, including the chairman of consideration by the entire House of the committees immediately concerned, House Concurrent Resolution 347 which el-Qaddafi, the terrorist-supporting dic­ tator of Libya, helped to formulate the have cosponsored the Hansen-Murphy now has 239 cosponsors. Some 170 Mem­ resolution. This strong manifes tati on of bers have already signed this discharge plans to destroy the canal. Obviously, there is no guarantee by Panama of the support for House action in traditional petition and the number is increasing constitutional fashion has buttressed rapidly. United States right to unilaterally keep the canal open. This, I believe, is a re­ arguments in the court where constitu­ DISCHARGE PETITION No. 6 SUPPORTED BY tional confrontations cannot be ignored. COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN JOHN M . MURPHY jection by Panama of the terms of the treaties as passed by the U.S. Senate. a. Immediate action on House Concur­ . . . It remains of paramount importance rent Resolution 347 has become neces­ that House Members sign discharge petition (2) The Hatch , H.R. 11201 provides that no military ing appropriations bills. tax system necessarily relies, for the base or U.S. property under the jurisdic­ IN THE COURTS most part, upon voluntary compliance tion of a secretary of any branch of the The U.S. Supreme Court is now con­ to finance all but 12 percent of Federal military services can be transferred with­ sidering accepting the Separation of expenditures. Voluntary compliance out an act of Congress. Over 80 percent of Powers case sponsored by 66 Members of must be founded, in turn, on a prevailing the members of the Armed Services Com­ Congress. The case originally was dis­ belief that the laws are just and fairly mittee are cosponsors and letters and missed by the U.S. district court in the administered. The Internal Revenue petitions have been circulated calling for District of Columbia and then appealed Code, however, is comprised of 8 pages early consideration. to a circuit court three-judge panel. of tax rules and tables, and 2,104 pages (3) H.R. 11415 (sponsored by myself) Split decisions <2-1) on substance and of exceptions. is also similar to House Concurrent Reso­ on a requested injunction prompted the Mr. Speaker, I wish to share with my lution 347 and is in the Committee on case to be accepted by the Chief Justice colleagues a summary of major contrasts Veterans Affairs. This legislation would for decision by the entire Supreme Court. between the September package and the provide that there be no transfer without Some decision is expected immediately. 1978 tax program ultimately sent to an act of Congress of property in Panama Many court cases have been prompted by Congress by the President. Not much in wherein Americans are interred who are the proposed Panama Treaties. the real world has changed in the few in any way the responsibility of the Vet­ The first was a suit by Members of months since the President was on the erans' Administration. This was intro­ Congress (HANSEN and McCLURE) to verge of accepting a strong package of duced in reaction to administration re­ force treaty negotiator Linowitz to take reforms on the advice of his Treasury quests before the House Veterans Affairs obvious conflicts of interest to the U.S. Department. Most of the changes pro­ Committee for $300,000 to move interred Senate for the normal ambassadorial ad­ moted then are still good ideas, and for Americans including veterans from vice and consent process since his special the same reasons. I insert this synopsis Mount Hope Cemetery to Corozal in the appointment had allowed a bypass of at this point in the RECORD: Canal Zone in obvious compensation for this usual prerequisite. The second was I. MARRIAGE TAX PENALTY REDUCTION oversight in the proposed treaty agree­ an early suit by Members of the House Problem: Present law provides a substan­ ment, and after loud administration and Senate similar to the current case tial disincentive for marriage, encouraging assurances that there would be no cost which was dismissed on technical people to "live together." This is due to to U.S. taxpayers in the Canal Zone grounds. The third was an action dis­ higher tax rates for joint income where both transfer. missed by the Supreme Court brought partners work, a lower combined zero brack­ by attorneys general of several States et amount (standard deduction) for couples, (4) H.R. 11634 (sponsored by myself) and the general tax credit which is half as is the administration's proposed treaty supported by Members of Congress to large for a couple as for two single people. implementation legislation. The text is block the treaties on economic grounds The IRS believes the vast majority of two unchanged but the title was expanded to and other factors of concern to those wage earner couples pay a marriage tax. include the necessary functions for the respective States as political entities in September Proposal: In addition to rate Canal Zone transfer as provided by the their own right. The current action has cuts and a unified $250 credit which would Constitution. excellent potential for forcing high Court reduce the penalty somewhat, the Treasury action in that the Senate has voted supported a special working spouse deduc­ This means authorization for transfer tion equal to 10 per cent of the first $6,000 or disposal as stipulated by Article IV, ,kes to trans­ risk of infection, it has gotten a reputation the time, she can't watch the monitor con­ fer medical discoveries into daily practice for being unreliable because the sensors tend tinuously either." to slip when the fetus or the woman change Similar points have been made by other once we know they will improve patient position and become capable of either missing critics, even those willing to give monitoring care. At the same time we must prevent .or falsely identifying fetal distress. Besides, the benefit of the doubt. In Atlanta, Judy premature use of technology of unproven some scientists are worried that, because ul­ Rooks, a certified nurse-midwife, agreed to value which may trigger discomfort and trasound is a form of radiation, it may ulti­ submit to monitoring because she had lost long-term side effects in the patient. A mately prove to have delayed detrimental ef­ a previous baby and was clearly having a solution must be found to the maldistri­ fects on the child, even though the wattages problem pregnancy. bution of medical technology, which, like are very low. · Because of her own professional experience our physicians, is highly concentrated in No one has been injured yet by external she could tell that her uterus wasn't relaxing monitoring, insofar as is known, but there between contractions a.s it should. But when large metropolitan areas. have been a number of accidents with its she pointed this out to a. nurse and asked An outstanding case study of one in­ internal counterpart. A Georgia woman died her to feel for herself by putting a hand on stance of medical technology-fetal when part of the uterine monitor behind her her uterus, the woman suggested instead­ monitors-was done by Judith Randal in baby's head was somehow pushed into a large until Rooks insisted otherwise-that she the Outlook Section of the Washington blood vessel and the fluid surrounding the just turn the knob on the machine so that Post on April 16. I include her fine in­ infant got into the bloodstream, causing a the tracings would go back to where they vestigative report in the CONGRESSIONAL fat al clot. were supposed to be. Scalp abscesses are fairly common among "Monitors are somewhat like TV sets," ex­ RECORD. I can think of no recent article monitored infants and deaths have been plains Rooks, who is nonetheless grateful to which provides a better backdrop for the recorded among them, too. What happened her obstetrician for having provided her with Health Subcommittee's hearings this to two newborns whose mother had herpes a healthy son. "It's hard to know when the week on medical technology: virus infections in their vagina at the time picture goes awry whether the trouble is in Is FETAL MONITORING SAFE?-WIDELY USED of labor is illustrative. The babies picked up the set or at the broadcasting station. There TECHNIQUE NEEDS MORE TESTING the infection, which does not respond to is tendency to nurse the monitor and not nurse the pa.tient and if she (the nurse] had (By Judith Randal) drugs, through the place where the electrode had broken the skin on their heads and, de­ been nursing me and not the monitor, she Angela Miller was a healthy young woman spite all efforts to save them, died when the wouldn't have needed my expertise to tell facing the prospects of an uncomplicated spread of the virus could not be controlled. her that something was wrong." first pregnancy. The 27-year-old wife of a Mishaps like this are to be expected from PROBLEMS IN TECHNOLOGY telephone company employe had been born any medical technology. Even a mainstay as in a hospital and expected that her baby Nor, seemingly, ls misinterpretation the benign as penicillin causes an occasional only potential pitfall. Tha.t internal moni­ would be too. But when she learned that her death from a severe allergy reaction known obstetrician was likely to wire her and her toring has disclosed information important as anaphylactic shock. The question with to patient care is not in dispute. It is a unborn infant to a machine during labor, she fetal monitoring is whether the risks are ac­ turned for prenatal care to Maternity Cen­ visual tool and so has sensitized nurses and ceptable relative to the benefits. obstetricians to the immediate harmful effect ter Associates, a Maryland group of certified DEATH RATE DECLINES midwives, and made arrangements to be de­ of some drugs on the fetus and such benefits livered at her Sterling Park, Va., home. Alli­ Monitoring enthusiasts claim that new­ as placing the laboring mother on her left born death rates plummet where the tech­ side. Still, skeptics like Rooks and Haver­ son Kay was born April 5. She and her mother camp have a number of other concerns. are fine. nology is used. It is true that the nation's track record on infant mortality has im­ For one thing, the technology requires the Fetal monitoring, the major factor in Mil­ proved somewhat. But whether monitoring mother to be fitted with an intravenous drip ler's decision to seek out the midwife group, can claim the credit or whether at least a and to lie on her back, although she can has become an important part of medical share of it must go to such other factors as turn from side to side-this at a time when practice in the last 5 years or so. Already, more readily available prenatal care, legal it is natural for a woman to walk around however, it has become controversial not only abortion and family planning services which a great deal to relieve both her physical dis­ because about 90 percent of the nation's hos­ prevent high-risk women from becoming comfort and her emotional anxiety. The posi­ pitals where babies are delivered already pregnant isn't all that clear. tion also puts the weight of the uterus and have installed the equipment, but also be­ In one study made in Vermont by Dr. John the fetus on the blood vessels of the placenta., cause no one really know whether it should Wennberg of the Harvard School of Public diminishing its ability to provide nourish­ be routine for all pregnancies or, for that Health, the newborn death rate dropped 30 ment to the baby in the crucial hours before matter, whether it does more harm than good. percent between 1969 and 1974 in the hospi­ it ls born. The idea behind monitoring ls that the tal affiliated with a medical school where Another of the technology's requirements, use of electronic listening devices in the ma­ fetal monitoring had been introduced. But that the bag of waters, or amniotic sac en­ ternity suite will be more effective than the the same gains in infant survival occurred in casing the fetus, be broken early to permit stethoscope or the traditional laying on of the rest of the state's hospitals, suggesting the insertion of the. instrumentation, is re­ hands in alerting doctors and nurses to that influences other than this technology garded with suspicion, too. While such ad­ "fetal distress," medical parlance for any one had been at work. vocates of monitoring as Dr. L . Stanley James 11288 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 of the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center particularly if it ls delivered earlier than it sales said to be running $25-30 million a in New York claim that any resulting infec­ would have been otherwise. It is thought year. The firm with by far the largest share tion can easily be handled by antibiotics, that even a few days ca ~ 1 spell the dili erencr. of the market is Corometrics in Wallingford, this is not necessarily the case. between a baby whose lungs function nor­ Conn., now a subsidiary of the American Moreover, while those who, like James, mally and one who, assuming that it lives at Home Products Corp. Dr. Hon is a con­ claim that infection is a small price to pa.y all, develops respiratory distress syndrome sultant to Corometrics and owns stock in for a baby who might otherwise be hand­ (hyaline membrane disease) and th- s m .;;st both it and American Home Products.e icapped by lifelong mental retardation, no spend days, weeks or even months in a one has come up with hard and fast P.vidence neonatal ,intensive care fa~ili ty at a cost of that monitoring actually achieves this result. $10,000 or more. LEGISLATION TO CHANGE FORMULA And though no studies of the problem have To be sure, there is a feeling among experi;s FOR VOCATIONAL REHABil..ITA­ been done in the Unite:l States, there is a that if a baby is destined to be born weighing TIONFUNDS growing suspicion in some other countries 3 pounds or less, fetal monitoring, ca.esarian that the pressure brought to bear on the or both will increase its chances of survival. baby's brain by early rupture of the mother's But one study suggests that the mothers of HON. MARIO BIAGGI membranes may itself diminish the infant's these tiniest prematures have been those OF NEW YORK potential IQ. least likely to be monitored and, like so much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By far the most serious charge leveled at about this entire subject, the theory has yet fetal monitoring, however, is that it tends to to be put to a rigorous test. Monday, April 24, 1978 confuse fetal stress which is normal with With national health insurance now a fetal distress which is not and so is primarily distinct possibility, it might be best to • Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, last week I re~ponsible for the nation's es~alating caesa­ declare a moratorium on the wholesale use of was joined by my colleagues Mr. ZEFER­ rian section rate. fetal monitoring, particularly for low risk ETTI and Mr. MILLER of California in According to data collected by the National women, until more of the answers about it sponsoring H.R. 12195 legislation to Center for Health Statistics, the rate has are in. Unfortunately, the technology is amend the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. more than doubled since 1971 to the point changing so fast that it is increasingly The bill specifically addresses itself to where 11.4 percent of American babies are difficult to evaluate. Besides, the practice has reforming the antiquated method by being surgically removed from their mothers· become so ubiquitous that obstetricians, which vocational rehabilitation funds are wombs. In some hospitals relying heavily on understandably, are reluctan"; to participate monitoring, in fact, as many as one in five in­ in con trolled clinical trials lest they be sued directed into the States. fants comes into the world without passing by someone in the study from whom The present formula was adopted in through the mother's birth canal. James monitoring is withheld. 1954 and modeled after the Hill-Burton and other monitoring enthusiasts :;a.y that, The day obviously will come when an Hospital Survey and Construction Act. properly used, it should reduce rather t han obstetrician is sued because fetal monitoring The formula was based on population increar:o the C-section rate, but no study has is alleged to have injured a woman or her weighted by an inverse per capita income supported their contention to date. baby. Meanwhile, at least one physician factor which is squared thereby giving Again, advocates say that more C-sections already has been brought to court on mal­ additional weight to the low per capita make for better. healthier bab;es. And again, practice charges that he is culpable for his income St.ttention of the U.S. obstet­ $8.62, California $4.35, Arkansas $8.87, long in the hospital, 7 to 8 days, as those rical community. delivering vaginally, longer if some com­ A system capable of both kinds of moni­ Illinois $4.16. I wish to insert at this plication like infection intervenes. Whereas torin~ typically costs a hosoi tal $6.500 to point in the RECORD a table prepared for the average vaginal delivery costs $700, the $7,500. depending on its sophistication, and Senator JAVITS, whose bill S. 2142 mine typical C-section runs to at least $3 .000. adds $75-$100 to the cost of a delivery. Six is modeled after, by the Congressional The infant may have to stay longer, too U.S. companies are in the business, with Research Service. Vocational Vocational Population a~es rehabilitation Fiscal year Population aves rehab ilitation Fiscal year ages 18-64 (as of appropriat io n appropriation per ages 18-64 (as of appropriat ion appropriation per July 1, 1976) (fi scal year 1978) person, ll!-64 July l , 1976) (fiscal year 1978) person , ll!-64 Alabama ______2, 113, 000 $18, 103, 094 $8. 57 Nebraska______884, 000 5, 032, 964 5.69 Alaska __ -- ______231 , 000 2, 000, 000 8. 66 Nevada ______------_____ 372, 000 2, 000, 000 5. 38 Arizona ------______l, 295, 000 8, 526, 789 6. 58 New Hampsh ire______478, 000 3, 282 , 747 6. 87 Arka nsas _-- ______1, 181, 000 10, 472, 837 8. 87 New Jersey______4, 388, 000 18, 376, 436 4. 19 Californ ia______13, 106, 000 57, 035, 827 4. 35 New Mexico______666, 000 5, 647, 884 8. 48 Colorado______1, 568, 000 8, 295, 388 5. 29 New York ______10, 814, 000 47, 714, 258 4. 41 Connecticut______1, 885, 000 7, 017, 813 3. 72 North Carol ina ______3, 277, 000 24, 464, 797 7. 47 Delaware ______351 , 000 2, 000, 000 5. 70 North Dakota ______------364, 000 2, 472, 049 6. 79 District of Columbia______437, 000 5, 427, 250 12. 42 Oh io______6, 309, 000 36, 617, 086 5. 80 Flor id~--______4, 748, 000 29, 138, 423 6. 14 Oklahoma ______1, 609, 000 11, 529, 952 7. 17 Georg ia ______2, 920, 000 21, 133, 655 7. 24 Oregon ______1, 382, 000 8, 109, 804 5. 87 Guam ______.. _____ . ____ ._ ... _.. ______. ______. ___ . ___ ._.____ Pennsylvania______7, 072, 000 39, 945, 506 5. 65 Hawa ii______544,000 2, 310, 785 4. 25 Puerto Rico (1973 total population) ______2, 951, 000 22, 368, 458 7. 58 Idaho ______472, 000 3, 344, 923 7. 09 Rhode Island ______545, 000 3, 264, 733 5. 99 llli~ois_ ... _.. _.. ___ .... __ . ___ . ___ . ____ 6, 616, 000 27, 499, 339 4. 16 South Carol ina ______1, 677, 000 13, 905, 312 8. 29 Indiana ______3, 092, 000 19, 066, 756 6. 17 SC>uth Dakota______383, 000 2, 799, 957 7. 31 Iowa ______.. __ ------___ ... ______... J, 630, 000 9, 036, 986 5. 54 Tennessee______2, 489, 000 19, 262, 813 7. 74 Kansas______1, 349, 000 7, 200. 397 5. 34 Texas ______7, 279, 000 46, 756, 113 6. 42 Kentu ~ky______1, 98?, 000 15, 919, 071 8. 01 Utah ______680, 000 5, 559, 165 8.18 Lou isi ana ______------2, 177, 000 18, 074, 413 8. 30 Vermont______274, 000 2, 123, 949 7. 75 Maine ___ _.. __ ._._ .. ______. 611, 000 4, 967, 235 8. 13 1 V!rg!n. Islands _____ ------5-59 Maryland _____ . __ .... ______.__ 2, 534, 000 11, 455, 890 4. 52 V1rg1n1a . ______3, 075, 000 17, 499, 157 . Massachusetts ______3, 453, 000 18, 212, 747 5. 27 Wash ington ______2, 159, 000 11, 079, 348 5.13 Michigan ______.. __ . ______.. ______. 5, 359, 000 26, 886, 001 5. 02 West Virgin ia ______.. ______1, 063, 000 8, 538, 262 8. 03 Minnesota ______.______2, 278, 000 13, 303, 546 5. 84 Wiscons in ______._ 2, 653, 000 16, 785, 908 6. 33 Mississippi _. ___ . . ______1, 281 , 000 13, 402, 867 10. 46 Wyom in g ___ .. ______232, 000 2, 000, 000 8. 62 Missouri______2, 760, 000 18, 198, 853 6. 60 Montana ______435,000 2,886,498 6. 64 1 Total , Un ited States______129,488, 000 758,054,041 5.854 April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11289 The present formula has been sub­ Office of the Senate Daily Digest-desig­ Bank Board and the National Insti­ jected to much criticism but little has nated by the Rules Committee-of the tute for Building Sciences. time, place, and purpose of all meetings S-128, Capitol been done in the way of substantive Appropriations change. One amendment adopted in when scheduled, and any cancellations Interior Subcommittee 1970 increased the Federal match to a or changes in meeting as they occur. To continue hearings on proposed uniform 80 percent. In 1973, the mini­ As an interim procedure until the com­ budget estimates for FY 79 for the mum State allotment was raised to $2 puterization of this information becomes Department of the Interior, and re­ million. The results of a study mandated operational, the Office of the Senate lated activities. by Congress in 1973 may have provided Daily Digest will prepare this informa­ 1114 Dirksen Building the main impetus for change. The sur­ tion for printing in the Extensions of Appropriations State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary vey done by the DHEW was critical of Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL Subcommittee the present formula and recommended RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of To hold hearings on budget estimates that greater emphasis be placed on the each week. for FY 79 for the Arms Control and total population. They charged that the Any changes in committees scheduling Disarmament Agency, Foreign Claims current Hill-Burton formula does not will be indicated by placement of an Settlement Commission, Japan-U.S. allocate funds in close proportion to the asterisk to the left of the name of the Friendship Commission, and the incidence of the best estimated of VR unit conducting such meetings. Legal Services Corporation. target population. The study further rec­ Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, S-146, Capitol Appropriations ommended that any change in formula April 25, 1978, may be found in Daily Transportation Subcommittee be spaced out over a time period to avoid Digest of today's RECORD. To hold hearings on budget estimates major disruptions. MEETINGS SCHEDULED for FY 79 for ConRail and the U.S. My bill proposes a gradual 5-year Railroad Association. change in the present VR formula APRIL 26 1318 Dirksen Building through a process of "phasing in" the 8 :45 a.m. Armed Services total population factor in each State. Judiciary To mark ups. 2571, FY 79 authorizations To resume consideration of S. 1874, to for military procurement. This would result in vocational rehabili­ allow consumers and other parties 212 Russell Building tation funds in future years being dis­ who have not dealt directly with an Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs tributed in the following way- antitrust violator to recover their dam­ Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee Fiscal year 1979-20 percent by popu­ ages under the antitrust laws. To hold hearings on S. 2726, 2798, 2800, lation-80 percent current formula. 2228 Dirksen Building and 2931, bills to amend the housing Fiscal year 1980-40 percent by popu­ 9:00 a.m. act. lation-60 percent current formula. Commerce, Science and Transportation 5302 Dirksen Building Fiscal year 1981-60 percent by popu­ Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation mittee To hold oversight hearings on the lation-40 percent current formula. To hold oversight hearings to examine Fishery Conservation and Manage­ Fiscal year 1982-80 percent by popu­ the science and technology aspects of ment Act (P.L. 94-265). lation-40 percent current formula. the Federal Research and Develop­ 235 Russell Building Fiscal year 1983-100 percent by popu­ ment budget. Energy and Natural Resources lation. 5110 Dirksen Building To consider pending calendar business. This is perhaps the fairest approach Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee which offers the best hope for real re­ To hold hearings on S. 2913 and S. 2914, Environment and Public Works form. It guarantees that no State will to amend the Federal Land Policy and Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee lose any funds over the next 4 years, but Management Act so ~s to conform the To mark up FY 79 authorizations for also provides a more realistic share of interest rate therein to yield on cer­ the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. the Federal dollar. The extent to which tain tax exempt bonds and U.S. obli­ S-126, Capitol each State would benefit is dependent gations. Finance on the total amount authorized for the 3110 Dirksen Building Public Assistance Subcommittee bill. With a modest $215 million increase Human Resources To continue hearings on S. 2084, to re­ Employment, Poverty, and Migratory La­ place the existing Federal welfare between now and fiscal year 1983, hard bor Subcommittee program wiith a single coordinated pressed States would receive as much as To continue markup on S . 2570, to ex­ program. 90 percent more in additional VR Fed­ tend the Comprehensive Employment 2221 Dirksen Building eral funds. Training Act (CETA). Foreign Relations We have reached an important stage 4232 Dirksen Building Foreign Assistance Subcommittee in the history of the Rehabilitation Act. 9 :30 a.m. To hold hearings on S . 2846, the pro­ It is imperative that the act reflect the Armed Services posed International Security Assist­ realities of today by directing its funds General Legislation Subcommittee ance Act. To consider S. 1708, to prohibit the sale 4221 Dirksen Building in a way where it helps the most people of certain defense articles from the who are in need of services. The present Governmental Affairs stocks of the Department of Defense. Intergovernmental Relations Su bcommi t­ formula inhibits the bill from achieving 224 Russell Building tee its true mandate which is to make serv­ Environmental and Public Works To hold hearings on public attitudes ices available to eligible individuals and Regional and Community Development toward Congressional review of Fed­ to equalize access to such services across Subcommittee eral programs. the States. This change in formula is an To mark up S. 1816, authorizing funds 6202 Dirksen Building for a program of research, develop­ essential first step which must be ment, and demonstration of guayule Rules and Administration adopted if we are to make these improve­ rubber production. To resume hearings on C-:. Res. 160, to ments. I am a member of the House 4200 Dirksen Building reorganize administrative services of Select Education Subcommittee which Judiciary the Senate, and to consider other leg­ will be marking up legislation to extend Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee islative matters. the Rehabilitation Act. I hope to offer To resume oversight hearings on ICC's 301 Russell Building price regulation in the motor common Select Indian Affairs my formula change as an amendment To hold hearings on S. 2358 and 2588, to and welcome any and all support.• carrier industry. 2228 Dirksen Building declare that the U.S. hold in trust for Judiciary the Pueblo tribes of Zia and Santa SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS Criminal Laws and Procedures Subcom­ Ana respectively, certain public do­ mittee main lands. Title IV of the Senate Resolution 4, To hold hearings on the subject "Ter­ 6226 Dirksen Building a.greed to by the Senate on February 4, rorism in Today's Society". 10:30 a.m. 1977, calls for establishment of a system 457 Russell Building Governmental Affairs 10:00 a .m . Governmental Efficiency and the District for a computerized schedule of all meet­ Appropriations of Columbia Subcommittee ings and hearings of Senate committees, HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommit­ To mark up H.R. 7747, to amend the subcommittees, joint committees. d tee D.C. Code with regard to pretrial committees of conference. This title re­ To hold hearings on budget estimates release or detention. quires all such committees to notify the for FY 79 for the Federal Home Loan SB-6, Capitol 11290 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978

1:30 p.m. for FY 79 for the Civil Rights Com­ 10:00 a .m. Conferees mission, EEOC, and on supplemental Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry On S. 1678, to amend and extend appropriations for FY 78. Foreign Agricultural Policy Subcommittee through FY 79 the Federal Insecticide, S-146, Capitol To continue hearings on S. 2385, S. 2405, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Appropriations and S. 2504, bills to authorize the H-140, Capitol HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Commodity Credit Corporation to fi­ 2:00 p.m. To continue hearings on proposed nance export credit sales of agricul­ Appropriations budget estimates for FY 79 for HUD, tural commodities. Transportation Subcommittee and related agencies. 322 Russell Building To hold hearings on budget estimates 1318 Dirksen Building Appropriations Finance for FY 79 for the National Transpor­ HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee tation Safety Board and the ICC. To hold a business meeting. 2221 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budget 1224 Dirksen Building estimates for FY 79 for HUD and re­ Appropriations Foreign Relations East Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcom­ lated agencies. Stat e, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 1318 Dirksen Building Subcommittee mittee To hold hearings on budget estimates To hold hearings on the current situa­ Appropriations For FY 79 for the FCC, Federal Mari­ tion of U.S.-Japanese bilateral rela­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary time Commission, FTC, International tions. Subcommittee Trade Commission, and on supple­ 4221 Dirksen Building To receive testimony on budget esti­ mental appropriations for FY 78. Governmental Affairs mates for fiscal year 1979 for the De­ S-146, Capitol To resume hearings on S. 991, to create partments of State, Justice, Commerce, 2:30 p .m. a separate Cabinet-level Department the Judiciary, and related agencies. Armed Services of Education. S-146. Capitol To continue mark up of S . 2571, 3302 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources FY 79 authorizations for military 10:30 a .m. Parks and Recreation Subcommittee procurement. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on s. 88, to add addi­ 212 Russell Building To continue oversight hearings on the tional lands to the Sequoia National Foreign Relations Fishery Conservation and Manage­ Park, California, and S. 1906, to estab­ To hold hearings on the nominations of ment Act (P.L. 94-265). lish the Channel Islands and San ta William B. Edmondson, of Nebraska, 235 Russell Building Monica Mountains National Park and to be Ambassador to the Republic of 2:00 p .m. Seashore in California. South Africa, and David Bronheim, of Appropriations 3110 Dirksen Building State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary the District of Columbia, to be an Foreign Relations Assistant Administrator of the Agency Subcommittee for International Development, to be To hold hearings on budget estimates Foreign Assistance Subcommittee followed by a business meeting. for FY 79 for the Renegotiation To hold hearings on S. 2646, FY 79 au­ S-116, Capitol Board, SEC, and on supplemental ap­ thorizations for development assist­ propriations for FY 78. ance programs. APRIL 27 4221 Dirksen Building 9:00 a.m. S-146, Capitol Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Conferees MAY 1 Foreign Agricultural Policy Subcommittee On S. 1678, to amend and extend 9:30 a .m. To hold hearings on S. 2385, S. 2405, and through FY 79 the Federal Insecti­ Environment and Public Works S. 2504, bills to authorize the Com­ cide, Fungicide, and Rodenticidc Act. To resume consideration of proposed modity Credit Corporation to finance H-140, Capitol highway legislation. export credit sales of agricultural APRIL 28 4200 Dirksen Building commodities. 9:00 a.m. 10 :00 a.m. 324 Russell Building Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on the nomination ot Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Energy and Natural Resources To mark up proposed legislation author­ Energy Research and Development Sub­ John K . Mansfield, of Connecticut, to izing funds for those programs which committee be Inspector General of the Depart­ fall within the committee's jurisdic­ To resume mark up of S. 2692 and S. ment of Energy. tion. 2693, FY 79 and authorizations for the 3110 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building Judiciary Department of Energy. Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building Constitution Subcommittee Judiciary To continue hearings on S.J. Res. 65, to Parks and Recreation Subcommittee Constitution Subcommittee amend the Constitution so as to pro­ To hold hearings on H.R. 6900, S. 929, To resume hearings on S.J. Res. 65, to vide for representation of the District 2659, 2663, 2664, and 2705, bills to amend the Constitution so as to pro­ of Columbia in Congress. amend the National Trails Systems vide for representation of the Dis­ 5110 Dirksen Building Act. trict of Columbia in Congress. 9:30 a .m. 3110 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works Foreign Relations 9 :30 a.m. Resources Protection Subcommittee To resume hearings on FY 79 authoriza­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue consideration of proposed tions for foreign assistance to Korea To resume markup of S. 2065, 2470, and resource protection legislation. related to the withdrawal of U.S. 2546, to prescribe policies and procedures 4200 Dirksen Building forces, and on S. 2420, proposed Inter­ to protect consumer rights in relation to Human Resources national Development Cooperation the electronic fund transfer system. To consider S. 2450, FY 79 authorizations Act. 5302 Dirksen Building for Community Mental Health Centers 4221 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works and for biomedical research; S. 2466, to MAY 2 establish a National Institute of Health Resource Protection Subcommittee 9 :00 a.m. To resume consideration of proposed re­ Care Research; S. 2474, to extend through FY 1983 the Public Health Judiciary sources protection legislation. To hold hearings on the nominations of 4200 Dirksen Building Service Act; and S. 2579, to establish a President's Commission for the Pro­ Cristobal C. Duenas, to be Judge for Judiciary tection of Human Subjects of Biomedi­ the district court of Guam; Alfred To hold hearings on S. 1382, to establish cal and Behavioral Research. Laureta, of Hawaii to be Judge for the criteria for the imposition of the sen­ 4232 Dirksen Building district court for the Northern Mari­ tence of death. Judiciary ana Islands; Len J. Paletta, to be U.S . 2228 Dirksen Building To resume consideration of S . 1874, to al­ District Judge for the western district Criminal Laws and Procedures Subcom­ low consumers and other parties who of Pennsylvania; and Leonard B. Sand, mittee have not dealt directly with an anti­ to be U.S. District Judge for southern To resume hearings to examine the ero­ trust violator to recover their damages dis~rict of New York. sion of law enforcement intelligence under the antitrust laws. 2228 Dirksen Building gathering capabilities. 2228 Dirksen Building 9 :30 a .m. 424 Russell Building Select Small Business Environment and Public Works 10:00 a .m . To hold hearings on S. 836, to amend To mark up proposed legislation author­ Appropriations the Small Business Investment Act so izing funds for those programs which State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary as to provide an adequate guarantee fall within the committee's jurisdic­ Subcommittee for participating surety companies. tion. To hold hearings on budget estimates 424 Russell Building 4200 Dirksen Building April 25, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11291 10:00 a .m. opment research with USDA and the 10:00 a .m. Appropriations State land grant system. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Transportation Subcommittee · 322 Russell Building Communications Subcommittee To hold hearings on budget estimates 9 :00 a.m. To hold hearings on S. 2211, the Inter­ for FY 79 for the Office of the Secre­ Governmental Affairs national Maritime Mobile Satellite tary, DOT. Governmental Efficiency and the District of Telecommunications Act. 1224 Dirksen Building Columbia Subcommittee 235 Russell Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue hearings on proposed new MAY 9 criminal code for the District of Co­ To continue markup of proposed legis­ 9:00 a .m. lation authorizing funds for those lumbia. *Judiciary programs which fall within the com­ 3302 Dirksen Building Improvements in Judicial Machinery Sub­ mittee's jurisdiction. 9 :30 a .m. committee 5302 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works To resume hearings on S. 1314, to pro­ To continue markup of proposed legis­ Energy and Natural Resources vide that State and Federal prisoners lation authorizing funds for those pro­ may petition Federal courts in a writ Business meeting on pending calendar grams which fall within the commit­ business. of habeas corpus. tee's jurisdiction. 2228 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building Finance 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. Public Assistance Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Appropriations To continue hearings on S. 2084, to re­ To continue markup of proposed legisla­ Transportation Subcommittee place the existing Federal welfare tion authorizing funds for those pro­ To hold hearings on budget estimates for programs with a single coordinated grams which fall within the commit­ FY 79 for the Office of the Secretary of program. tee's jurisdiction. Transportation. 2221 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations *Commerce, Sciences, and Transportation MAY 10 To continue hearings on FY 79 author­ Communications Subcommittee 9:00 a .m. izations for foreign assistance to Tur­ To continue hearings on S. 2883 and S. Commerce, Science, and Transportation key and Greece, and on S . 2420, pro­ 2901, aut horizations for the Corpora­ Consumer Subcommittee posed International Development Co­ tion for Public Broadcasting for fiscal To hold hearings on S. 2782, to protect operation Act. years 1979-1983. consumers from misrepresentative ad­ 4224 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building vertising of gold and silver jewelry. Judiciary Energy and Natural Resources 235 Russell Building Constitution Subcommittee Business meeting on pending calendar 9 :30 a .m . To resume hearings on S. 35 , the pro­ business. 3110 Dirksen Building Judiciary posed Civil Rights Improvements Act. Citizens and Shareholders Rights and 6226 Dirksen Building MAY5 Remedies Subcommittee Select Indian Affairs 3 :00 a.m. To resume oversight hearings on the To hold hearings on S. 857, to provide Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry rights and remedies of insurance policy Federal financial education assistance Agricultural Research and General Legis­ holder.;;. to Hawaiian natives. lation Subcommittee 5110 Dirksen Building 1202 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on the status of MAY 15 nonfarm, nonfood, and fiber rural de­ MAY 3 velopment research with USDA and 10:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m. the State land grant system. Judiciary Governmental Affairs 322 Russell Building Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee Governmental Efficiency and the District 9:30 a.m. To resume oversight hearings on ICC's of Columbia Subcommittee Environment and Public Works price regulation in the motor common To hold hearings on pronosed new crimi­ To continue markup of proposed legis­ carrier industry. nal code for the District of Columbia. lation authorizing funds for those pro­ 2228 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building grams which fall within the commit­ MAY 16 Judiciary tee's jurisdiction. 10:00 a.m. Constitution Subcommittee 4200 Dirksen Building Appropriations To continue hearings on S . 35, the pro­ Veterans' Affairs Transportation Subcommittee posed Civil Rights Improvements Act. To markup S. 2398, to extend the period To hold hearings on budget estimates for 1202 Dirksen Building of eligibility for Vietnam-era veterans' FY 79 for the Department of Transpor­ 9:30 a .m. readjustment appointment within the tation. Federal Government; H.R. 5029, au­ 1224 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works t horizing funds for hospital care and To continue mark up of proposed legis­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation medical services to cert ain Filipino Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ lation authorizing funds for those pro­ combat veterans of WW II; and S. 2836, grams which fall within the commit­ mittee to amend the Veterans' Administration To hold hearings jointly with the Senate tee's jurisdiction. Physician and Dentist Pay Compara­ 4200 Dirksen Building Banking Subcommittee on Interna­ bility Act. tional Finance on technology exports 10 :00 a.m. 412 Russell Building and research and development invest­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 10:00 a .m . ments. To continue markup of proposed legis­ Appropriations 6226 Dirksen Building lation authorizing funds for those Transportation Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs programs which fall within the com­ To hold hearings on budget estimates for Financial Institutions Subcommittee mittee's jurisdiction. FY 79 for the St. Lawrence Seaway To resume hearings on S . 2096, Right to 5302 Dirksen Building Development Corporation, the Re­ Financial Privacy Act, and S. 2293, to *Commerce, Science, and Transportation search and Special Programs Direc­ modernize the banking laws with torate, Department of Transportation, Communications Subcommit tee regard to the geographic placement of and the Minority Business Resources electronic fund transfer systems. To hold hearings on S. 2883 and S. 2901, Center. authorizations for the Corporation for 5302 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building MAY 17 Public Broadcasting for fiscal years Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 1979-1983. To continue markup of proposed legis­ 10:00 a.m. 1224 Dirksen Building lation authorizing funds for those Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Energy and Natural Resources programs which fall within the com­ Financial Institutions Subcommittee Business meeting on pending calendar mittee's jurisdiction. To continue hearings on S. 2096, Right to business. 5302 Dirksen Building Financial Privacy Act, and S. 2293, to 3110 Dirksen Building MAY 8 modernize the banking laws with MAY 4 9:30 a .m . regard to the geographic placement of 8 :00 a .m. Human Resources electronic fund transfer systems. Agriculture, Nut rition, and Forestry To mark up S. 2600, to extend certain 5302 Dirksen Building Agricultural Research and General Legis­ vocational rehabilitation programs and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs lation Subcommittee to establish a comprehensive services International Finance Subcommittee To hold hearings on the st atus of non­ program for the severely handicapped. To hold hearings in connection with re­ farm, nonfood, and fiber rural devel- 4232 Dirksen Building strictions employed by foreign coun- 11292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 25, 1978

tries to hold down imports of U.S. MAY 22 price regulation in the motor common goods. 9: 00 a.m. carrier industry. Room to be announced Select Small Business 2228 Dirksen Building MAY 18 To resume hearings on the Federal gov­ MAY 23 9:30 am. ernment patent policy. 9:00 a.m. Veterans' Affairs 318 Russell Building Select Small Business Housing, Insurance, and Cemeteries Sub­ 10:00 a .m. To continue hearings on the Federal committee government patent policy. Select Small Business 6226 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 1643 and H .R. To resume hearings on the Federal gov­ 4341, to eliminate the requirement for ernment patent policy. JUNE 7 inspections of t he mobile home man­ 318 Russell Building 9:30 a .m. ufacturing process by the VA, and S. Human Resources 1556, authorizing funds through FY 10:00 a .m. Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Subcommittee 81 to assist States in establishing and Judiciary To hold oversight hearings on use of the maintaining VA cemeteries. Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee drug PCP (Angel Dust) . 457 Russell Building To resume oversight hearings on ICC's 4232 Dirksen Building

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, April 25, 1978 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. 95-45, appointed Mr. SPARKMAN, Chair­ thank him for sharing his time with us Dr. Robert H. Mayo, Beulah United man; and Mr. STAFFORD, Vice Chairman; here today. · · : · Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa., of­ to the 65th Interparliamentary Confer­ fered the following prayer: ence, to be held in Bonn, Germany, Sep­ tember 5-13, 1978. PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON Bless Your servants, our Congressmen, APPROPRIATIONS TO FILE RE­ O Lord, as they wrestle with our num­ The message also announced that the Senate had passed bills of the following PORT ON HOUSE JOINT RESOLU-. ber one problem of inflation at home TION 859, SUPPLEMENTAL APPRO­ and the devaluation of the dollar abroad, titles, in which the concurrence of the House is requested: PRIATIONS FOR U.S. RAILWAY AS- and the even greater problem in the de­ SOCIATION . valuation of our moral currency. S. 1829·. An act to provide for the establish­ In all the tensions and pressure of this ment of the Jean Lafitte National Historical Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Park and Preserve in the State of Louisiana, unanimous consent that the Committee time-space continuum, be gracious as and for other purposes; and they effectively govern in Washington, S. 2553. An act to authorize appropriations on Appropriations may have until mid­ and yet conscientiously serve their dis­ for the fiscal year 1979 for certain maritime night tonight to file a report on House· trict at home. Bless them in this election programs of the Department of Commerce, Joint Resolution 859, making supple­ year by helping them to stretch their and for other purposes. mental appropriations for the U.S. Rail­ ministry across the miles with love and way Association for the fiscal year end­ understanding for their electorates ing September 30, 1978, and for other there, and with perception and patriot­ TRIBUTE TO DR. ROBERT MAYO purposes. ism in the unsolved problems of the state

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., •