April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11245 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A TRIBUTE TO THE HONORABLE which he has performed so well, Roy women who have served our country in ROY E. GRANTHAM Grantham leaves a record of accomplish the military. ment which typifies all that is best in It is my hope that Congress will not HON. GLENN ENGLISH the tradition of American public service. take any steps toward changing the vet I am pleased to join with his many erans preference in civil service pro OF OKLAHOMA friends and colleagues in expressing our cedures. Civil service reform is a worthy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deepest appreciation to Senator Grant undertaking for President Carter and Monday, April 24, 1978 ham for his years of dedication to the this Congress, but I personally cannot needs of our State.• • Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. Speaker, I want to support any measures that would be bring to my colleagues' attention the detrimental to the interests of our outstanding record of service of Senator TRUE INTENT OF VETERANS veterans.• Roy Grantham, who is retiring from PREFERENCE Office this year after 28 years of commit ment to the needs of the people of FEDERAL SALARY INCREASE Oklahoma. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG SHOULD BE 5.5 PERCENT I can say without hesitation that no OF PENNSYLVANIA member of the Oklahoma Senate com IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JIM MATTOX mands greater respect than Senator Monday, April 24, 1978 OF TEXAS Grantham, who has been variously se lected by his own colleagues as the most • Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, I want to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES voice my strong personal objection to the Monday, April 24, 1978 helpful senator, the best committee reduction in veterans preference pro chairman, and the member best liked by posed by President Carter. • Mr. MATTOX. Mr. Speaker, the first those with whom he has served. In his recent message to Congress, the target budget resolution, which will be Roy Emery Grantham was born in considered on the floor of the House of 1907 in Oklahoma territory. He has President asked that we enact legislation which would sharply limit the advan Representatives on May 2 and 3, should earned three degrees from Oklahoma be amended to target a pay increase for University, has served in the Army and tages that veterans receive in civil serv ice hiring and firing procedures. Before all Federal employees not to exceed 5.5 the Army Reserve, and has been county percent. The budget resolution as re attorney for Kay County, Okla. the Post Office and Civil Service Commit tee votes on the President's proposal ported out of the committee assumes 6- He was first elected to the Oklahoma contained in legislation numbered H.R. percent funding for increases in Fed State Senate in 1950, and has served in 11280-the committee should examine eral salaries. that body continuously since that time. clo~ely the true meaning and intent of Specifically, my amendment will tar As chairman of the senate's judiciary the veterans preference. get a reduction of $255 million in budget committee for the past decade, he has The veterans preference in civil serv authority and outlays in order to roll been able to combine his varied talents ice hiring does not give veterans an ad back the Federal salary increase to the as teacher, attorney, and lawmaker. vantage in the job market; rather, it is 5.5-percent level. The President's rec "Every committee meeting is like attend an attempt to makeup for the disadvan ommendation for this action came ing a legal seminar," commented one tage they face because of time spent out after our committee had finished its committee member. Under Grantham's of the work force. In particular, when deliberations, otherwise I woud have leadership, the judiciary committee has the veteran leaves the service, he or she offered it then. I hope, however, it can become one of the most productive com is far behind his or her contemporaries be accepted as a committee amend mittees and its meetings have become the ment. best attended in the entire senate. in terms of work experience, skills, and seniority. Thus, the veterans preference This is one of the major recommenda Senator Grantham is perhaps best is an effort to compensate them for their tions of the President of the United known for presiding over the impeach disadvantage in getting a job and ad States as a first step toward abating the ment trial of a member of the Oklahoma vancing in that job. extreme inflationa1-y pressures we are Supreme Court. During the proceedings, Mr. Speaker, I must also oppose the currenty experiencing. It has been set both sides were ample in their praise of provisions of the bill that limit the vet forth by the President as an example of his evenhanded performance. Subse erans preference in reduction-in-force essential Federal restraint, which, hope quently, the Ponca City lawmaker has situations. Under the President's pro fully, will serve as a guideline for State headed special committees investigating and local governments and business allegations of wrongdoing in the Okla posal, after 3 years of Government serv homa Corporation Commission, the ice a veteran would be entitled to only and labor groups. Highway Commission, and the personnel an additional 5 years seniority for pur In the battle against inflation, which administration system. In every case, his poses of determining his or her rights in involves every man, woman, and child leadership has meant fairness and equity reduction-in-force situatioru::. in the United States, someone must be for all involved-whether the inquiry Franklin D. Roosevelt clearly stated his willing to take the first step. lead to resignations and corrective legis ideas on the veterans preference in re The President's recommendation is a lation, or a clean bill of health for those duction-in-force situations. In a letter very modest one that the Congress can under investigation. dated February 26, 1944, Roosevelt wrote endorse and support without inflicting Another measure of Senator Grant to the chairman of the Civil Service undue harm on anyone. Federal em ham's effectiveness is his overwhelming Committee of the House: ployees will still receive a 5.5 percent up popularity among his own constituents. Veterans should be accorded special con ward salary adjustment. sideration in connection with any reduc On the rare occasions that Grantham tions in total personnel which it may be If our example is followed through was opposed for reelection by a member necessary for federal agencies to work out out our vast economy, the benefits to in of either party, the voters of district 20 from time to time. dividuals will in the long run, be far responded by giving him decisive margins I see no reason for the Congress to greater than the temporary sacrifice we of victory. stray from the fundamental concept that call upon them to make at this critical Roy Grantham has for many years Roosevelt expressed so forthrightly. time. provided the Oklahoma legislature, and Let me emphasize, Mr. Speaker, that I I urge you to support my amendment the State as a whole, with a model of sympathize with the President's goal of so that the Nation as a whole will know absolute integrity-an integrity which bringing more women and minorities into that the Congress pledges its support to crosses party lines and seeks no personal Government service. I do not believe, all effective initiatives to reduce infla or political advantage. however, that this goal should be tion. As he voluntarily leaves the arena in achieved at the expense of the men and Thank you.•
Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • 11246 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 HOUSE MEMBERS URGE EXTENSION Margaret Heckler, Stanley Lundine, postsecondary vocational schools to subtract OF DEADLINE FOR ALLOCATING Thomas Downey, Ronald Sarasin, up to $250 from taxes owed on this year's w FUEL ASSISTANCE FUNDS Ralph Metcalfe, Dale Klldee, Bob Trax come. In 1980, coverage would be expanded ler, Robert Edgar, John Brademas, to include tuition for private elementary Henry Reuss, Adam Benjamin, Mat and secondary schools, and the maximum HON. DONALD M. FRASER thew McHugh, Edward Patten, Ber write-off would be raised to $500 per student. kley Bedell, Barbara Mikulski, Paul OF MINNESOTA The House Ways and Means Committee Simon, James Cleveland, Lester Wol1f, approved a bill April 11 that limits tax credits IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Joseph M«Dade, Robert Kastenmeier, to college tuitions. Parents would be allowed Monday, April 24, 1978 and James Leach.e to subtract from taxes owed up to $100 for each dependent college student this year, •Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, many low up to $150 next year and up to $250 in 1980. income people throughout the country THE PEOPLE WANT TAX CREDITS The bill may reach the House fioor next week. have been hard hit by high home heating Neither the New York Times-CBS News costs during this past winter. In order to survey nor the Gallup Poll asked whether deal with this problem, funds were pro HON. TOM CORCORAN tuition tax credits should be given to parents vided in the fiscal year 1978 supple OF ll.LINOIS of students in private elementary· or second mental appropriations bill for the Com IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ary schools.e munity Services Administration to de Monday, April 24, 1978 fray fuel costs for low-income families. e Mr. CORCORAN of Illinois. Mr. RURAL RESIDENTS ELIGIBLE FOR Under agency regulations, the funds HEALTH INSURANCE must be allocated by May 1, 1978. Many Speaker, the New York Times, in an arti of us in the House believe this deadline cle on April 20, reported on two surveys to be unworkable and have sent a letter which were currently conducted regard HON. PHILIP M. CRANE to Community services Administration ing tax relief for families who pay col OF n.LINOIS Director Olivarez, urging the agency to lege tuition. The first survey was con IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seek an extension of this deadline. A ducted by the New York Times and CBS copy of that letter and its cosigners now News and the second by the Gallup orga Monday, April 24, 1978 follows: nization. The Times survey found that 83 • Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker. With con percent of the respondents questioned tinued public and private focus on the CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, favored a tax break for college tuition HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, health care sector and the growing fre Washington, D.C., April 11, 1978. costs, while only 13 percent were opposed quency of Government criticism of the Dr. GRACIELA OLIVAREZ, and 4 percent replied, "Don't know." The private sector for its alleged lack of in Director, Community Services Administra second survey by Gallup found that 51 genuity regarding coverage of persons tion, Washington, D.C. percent of those questioned favored tax who might not have available to them DEAR DR. OLIVAREZ: We are writing to urge credits for college tuition as opposed to adequate or existing health insurance that CSA extend the May 1, 1978, spending 34 percent who supported the Carter coverage, I would like to share with my deadline for the EEAP program to help de Califano plan for expanding existing colleagues the following article. In my fray fuel costs for low-income families and Federal scholarships and loans. Fifteen elderly people hardest hit by this winter's home State of Illinois, the Blue Cross prolonged cold spell. percent responded, "Don't know." and Blue Shield Association has for the As you know, the FY 1978 Supplemental As the principal House sponsor of the past 30 years made available what is . Appropriations Bill was signed into law on "College Tuition Relief Act," I am, of called the Health Improvement Associa March 7, after a delay of several months. course, pleased with the findings of these tion Bruce Vento, Peter Rodino, John Con college tuition as opposed to 34 percent who fit plan. yers, Helen Meyner, Joshua Eilberg, supported the Carter Administration's plan "To help rural people, we had to start by Donald Fraser, Harold Ford, Parren for expanding existing Federal scholarships finding a substitute for the employer-based Mitchell, Joe Moakley, Rick Nolan, and loans to aid college students from mid group concept," says George Starkey, assist William Brodhead, John Duncan, dle-class fam111es. Fifteen percent replied ant vice president of state sales for the Mark Andrews, Robert Roe, James "don't know.'' Chicago-based Blue Cross and Blue Shield Hanley, Stewart McKinney, Joseph The Gallup Poll gave those questioned an Plan. Addabbo, Lee Hamilton, Don Mitchell, option between tuition tax credits and the "Farmers and other rural residents had to John Anderson, Michael Blouin, Rich Administration's scholarship-loan program. be brought together into an organization ard Ottinger, Max Baucus, Charles The Times-CBS News survey simply asked that would qualify them as a group," he says. Rangel, Ronald Mottl, William Moor whether parents should get a tax break for Rural residents, who were accustomed to head, Fernard St Germain, Toby Mof part of the college tuition. banding together to help neighbors, respond fett, and David Obey. A tuition tax credit would permit taxpay ed favorably to the idea of forming such an Douglas Applegate, Louis Stokes, Stephen ers to subtract a certain part of tuition costs organization. The effort resulted in the Solarz, Charles Carney, Robert Drinan, from the amount of Federal income tax chartering of the first Ill1nois HIA in 1948. Norman D'Amours, Bob Young, Edward owed. The not-for-profit HIA program now has Markey, Gladys Spellman, James Jef On Feb. 23 the Senate Finance Commit 94 local associations in the state under a fords, John Seiberling, Austin Murphy, tee approved, by a vote of 14 to l, a b111 that parent organization, called the Illlnois William Hughes, Arlan Stangeland, would allow parents of students in college. or Health Improvement Association. About April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11247 250,000 people have Blue Cross and Blue selves, as we have, swamped with the rising mix in my olfactory memory of fresh to Shield coverage through the program. The tide of piety and intolerance among those bacco, fresh linen and faint talcum. Add to Plan considers the program its largest en who have kicked the habit. The witch this my husband's father and my uncles rolled group. burning syndrome is on the march. I know and my brothers, and you'll understand why Initially, HIA coverage was limited to the of nothing more pitiful than the increas I'm at ease with the lepers in the tail of self-employed and those who worked for ingly common sight of a grown man, hang the plane. firms with less than five full-time employees. ing his head in shame and whispering: "Do As our new Savonarola rises from HEW, Members could not live in towns with more you mind if I smoke?" Shades of Hester stomping on our freedoms for our own than 5,000 people. Prynne's "A." The next trick in the Califano good, it ls about time for Rep. Dan Daniel The population limit has since been bag may well be to brand smokers with a of the 5th District to tell the little tale of dropped and businesses with as many as 21 scarlet "S." his grandmother. Daniel was born in a cabin employees now can purchase coverage for When the airlines first started separating on a Pittsylvania County tobacco farm, he their workers. the sheep from the goats, asking, "Smoking says, and grew up working in the bright Benefit levels also have been revised. Mem or non-smoking?" for seat reservations, I leaf for which the area is famous. bers can select a plan that pays 100 percent honestly answered, "Non-smoking." I took He proceeds something like this: Now of all eligible charges and includes a special my seat in the best part of the plane while that he has heard his distinguished col major medical program. There is another the untouchables were herded to the tail. leagues describe the horrors of this evil plan that pays 80 percent of eligible charges. That's how I learned. weed, he knows what killed his grand HIAs also offer a Medicare supplemental pro Please don't think I'm tainted with in mother. She doted on tobacco in every form, gram and in some counties a health mainte tolerance on my side of the question. In pipe to snuff. And it finally killed her. She nance organization type coverage. Members deed, some of my best friends don't smoke. was 99 years old and 11 months. also have the option of selecting a special I simply recognize that my behavior is bizarre and feel that I owe an explanation. So I'm a freak and a freak I intend to guaranteed decreasing term life insurance remain. At least among the smokers I won't plan. Among the smokers, you see, one can be at ease. The smoker is not driven to conversa find myself sitting by Secretary Califano. The HIA concept is based on volunteerism. On second thought, I wouldn't find myself Volunteers seek out new members, run the tion. He can smoke contentedly as he gazes at his patch of sky or rests from his read sitting by him anyway. He's a billion-budget parent association and assume leadership expense account man. He files first class.• roles in community programs. ing or work. One need not bury one's own "HIA members believe in traditional val head in one's book to avoid the friendly ues like volunteerlsm and helping out opening smile or the fishing out of the photo wallet. H.R. 11002: STREAMLINING THE neighbors. And they prove it daily by giving GOVERNMENT CONTRACT rw:i so unselfishly of their own time," says This ls all very serious for me, for I am Starkey. as friendly as a puppy. I was trained at my PUTES PROCESS Most individual contracts are sold by HIA mother's knee to give smile for smile and volunteers. The Illinois Plan maintains a courtesy for courtesy, which can lead to a rural marketing staff to help the HIAs sell good many complications. Actually, I've met HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS 111 some very nice people in the non-smoking OF VIRGINIA coverage to groups. This staff also helps HIAs section. It ls, for example, a splendid place on servicing problems, such as untangling to meet Moslems. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIV1['1 snarls in submitted claims. There are also environmentalists, back Monday, April 24, 1978 While the main thrust of the concept has packers, first-filghters, plain vanilla people been the enrollment of members in Blue like myself, health nuts, people with recent e Mr. HARRIS, Mr. Speaker, The Judi• Cross and Blue Shield, HIAs also are en operations and gum-chewing knuckle ciary Subcommittee on Administrative gaged in community oriented projects. crackers. We know what their problem ls. Law and Governmental Relations on Individuals may join an HIA without tak The thing, I think, that really turned me February 8 reported H.R. 11002, the ing the Blue Cross and Blue Shield coverage. off the non-smoking section ls the high ratio Their membership dues, which run around "Contracts Disputes bill," drafted and of evangelists. They can tell at a glance sponsored by myself and my colleague six dollars, are used to support the various who needs working on, even 1! I am a pew community projects and scholarships. warming Presbyterian who teaches Sunday from Ohio, Congressman TOM KINDNESS. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Iowa also School besides. As far as they are concerned, H.R. 11002 would establish in law for supports a similar HIA program within its just to brighten the corner where you are the first time a clear and precise Gov state.e ls not enough. You've got to come out of ernment policy and process for resolving the closet. disagreements between the Government Let me give you a case in point, although and outside contractors. The bill will re LET COOLER HEADS PREVAIL this happened to a friend. My friend is a non-smoker, given to waving her hand deli form a process that has evolved errati cately under her nose if smoking ls in prog cally over the years, a system that cer HON. L. H. FOUNTAIN ress within 100 feet. We were fiylng to Lon tainly needs improvement and is de OF NORTH CAROLINA don-non-smoking, of course. Being a true scribed by some as being in "total dis IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES non-smoker, my friend turned immediately array." It would carry out the 1972 rec to her neighbor to chat, as charming as if Monday, April 24, 1978 ommendations of the Commission on at tea. It developed that the neighbor was Government Procurement which con not exactly a Moslem, but a lapsed Moslem, • Mr. FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, I com on his way to win other Moslems in the cluded that the present system is too ex mend to the attention of my colleagues name of Jesus. After a long ardent con pensive and time-consuming for the tax and the members of the Civil Aero versation, he said to my friend, "Are you payer and contracting companies and nautics Board a not so tongue-in-cheek saved?" She replied uncertainly, "I don't needs significant overhaul to provide ef Richmond Times-Dispatch column think so. I'm a Methodist." fective justice. which makes some salient points con On the next leg of our journey we sat by DEFECTS IN THE CURRENT SYSTEM cerning the issue of smoking on com an un-lapsed Moslem, with eyes as blue as a Siamese cat's (Crusader genes?) and a Currently, if there is a disagreement mercial :flights. The column also men over the terms or meaning of a contract, tions a story which my good friend, Rep. gold medallion around his neck, quoting the Koran. His field was international law there are three levels through which the DAN DANIEL, has often told about the and he gave us the word on the Arab-Israeli dispute may be processed: First, the con effects of tobacco on his grandmother. confrontation. He said, his eyes flashing tracting officer; Second an administra The article follows: like "Star Wars" ray guns, "This time the tive level other than the contracting of [From the Richmond Times-Dispatch, U.S. will back the Arabs. They've got the ficer, usually a board of appeals; and Apr. 2, 1978) oil. "Seeking safer ground, my friend un third, the courts. SEATED, MOST HAPPILY, IN A CLOUD OF SMOKE fortunately mentioned our other Moslem, off on his evangelical mission. "Impossible!" It is not uncommon for current con (By Frances Hallem Hurt) Moslem No. 2 shouted, and we Christian tract disputes to take 10 years to resolve. Slowly I have become aware that · I'm dogs cowered, waiting for the scimitar. In order to reach settlement, both gov a full-fledged freak. Whenever I take an air I confess that my fondness for smokers ernment officials and private companies plane, which is fairly often, I sit with the is rooted in nostalgia-for all of the men smokers. I've never smoked a cigarette in must spend many hours and dollars go in my life who represented security and ing through contracting officers, boards my life. Well, hardly ever. There was the affectionate support. My father died when time behind the barn. I was five, but there were my uncles, com of contract appeals and the courts. The Although I've sat with smokers for years ing for Thanksgiving and Christmas with Commission found that 33 percent of all (with a few match books deep in the debris their fragrant after-dinner cigars. Then my disputes took more than 6 months to re of my handbag), it had not occurred to me husband-a cigarette pack always in his solve at the contracting officer level; of how very peculiar it is until we found our- white shirt pocket, giving him a special those appealed to boa+ds, 70 percent took 11248 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 more than 6 months and 15 percent more a comprehensive plan to improve the board and the Assistant Administrator for than 2 years. current system. The boards, on the one Construction approved the board's action. Lengthy delay in resolving protests hand, have adopted judicial-like proce Less than a month later, Simmons filed a petition with the Court of Claims alleging can seriously impair the Government and dures and at the same time have tried breach of contract and attacking the board's be economically devastating to the con to maintain a degree of flexibility and decision as arbitrary. The case became tractors. For example, the Department informality not usually found in court. stalled because of the turmoil created by of the Navy and General Dynamics are This lack of direction from Congress and the Wunderlich, Bianchi, Utah and Grace currently attempting to resolve a dispute lack of planning in the executive branch cases. In June 1966, proceedings in the Court over construction of a nuclear subma has exacerbated the inefficiencies and of Claims were suspended to permit the rine. The company claims the Navy owes expense. Board of Contract Appeals to correct defects it $544 million for more than 35,000 in the record. In 1967, a second board deci HARRIS-KINDNESS WILL STREAMLINE AND REDUCE sion was issued substantially increasing the changes in the construction of attack COSTS award to Simmons. The Board decision was submarines. Work stoppages are threat H.R. 11002 establishes as a Govern modified and affirmed by the Court of Claims ened. To go through a protracted settle ment-wide policy that disputes should on July 16, 1969. In August 1970, nineteen ment could ultimately affect the Nation's be resolved by mutual agreement when years after the first claim was denied, a defense capabilities, employment in possible and requires at least one infor $650,000 judgment for the company was those industries, and the U.S. Treasury. mal conference between the contractor entered. The cost of protracted legal actions to and the agency before formal proceed Utah Construction and Mining Company. resolve a dispute discourages many busi Utah Construction executed a contract in ings are begun. Agencies are authorized March 1953 to build a fac111ty for the Atomic nesses, particularly small ones, from to establish full-time boards of appeals Energy Commission. After completion of the even seeking business with the Federal to hear and decide disputes. Both the project in 1955, the contractor filed a claim Government. The complications and ex Government and the contractor could go under the changed conditions clause and the penses of a cumbersome disputes-resolv directly to court, bypassing the agency claim was denied by the contractl~g officer. ing process discourages companies from board. Also, boards are required to estab The board held that there had been a even selling goods and services to the changed condition but that relief was un lish simplified procedures for the speedy available under the contract. In the subse Government-which defeats the whole handling of small claims. The bill in purpose of a competitive contracting quent breach of contract suit, the Court of cludes specific deadlines for taking ac Claims held that the claims were outside the system. "If the concerns about inequities tions at the various levels and grants the disputes clause and were therefore subject to and inefficiencies in disputes-resolving boards clear powers to assure fairness to de novo review. In 1966, the Supreme Court system procedures cause potential con both the Government and the contractor. affirmed the Court of Claims in its determi tractors to avoid Government work, the I believe H.R. 11002 will provide a nation of the scope of the disputes clause procurement p!'ocess will suffer," said clear base in law for resolving contract but reversed the lower court because of fail the Commission. Additionally, the po disputes, which involve millions of con ure to give finality to certain factual findings tential costs and chaos of pursuing a dis made by the board. In July 1966, the Court tractor and taxpayer dollars. I am hope of claims withdrew its opinion and returned pute causes those who do do business ful that the full Judiciary Committee the matter to its commissioner for further with the Government, to submit higher will take prompt action on this bill and I proceedings. In 1968, thirteen years later, the bids at the taxpayer's expense. will work for prompt enactment into law. parties entered a settlement stipulation for The current system is also unfair be We have let a system evolve sporadically $100,000. cause the Government has the upper and that system has become cumbersome SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION OF H.R. 11002, hand. The rights of parties are governed and expensive. This bill will help bring THE CONTRACT DISPUTES BILL by the "disputes clause" in the contract economic and legal justice to both the H.R. 11002, the Harris-Kindness Contract which is both written and interpreted by taxpaying citizen and private companies. Disputes blll, would establish in law for the the Government, one of the parties in I would like to include in the RECORD first time, a clear policy and process for the contract. at this point three examples of contract resolving disagreements between the federal This inequity is compounded by the dispute cases which point out some of government and private contractors when unique feature of a Federal Government the problems addressed by this legisla there ls a. dispute over the terms of the contract-the contractor is required to tion: contract. The blll establishes as a policy that continue performing work even though disputes should be resolved by mutual agree there is a dispute. For example, if the EXAMPLES OF CONTRACT DISPUTES ment when possible and requires at least one Carlo Bianchi and Company, Inc. In July informal conference between the contractor Government and a contractor disagree 1946, Carlo Bianchi and Company entered and the agency before formal proceedings are over the cost of a specification included into a contract with the Army Corps of Engi begun. The blll authorizes agencies to es in the contract, the company must con neers for the construction of a fiood contro tablish full-time, formal boards of contract tinue performing that work even though dam. work was completed on June 30, 1949. appeals which would hear and decide dis it may take months or years to resolve In May 1947, the contracting officer rejected putes. It grants both the contractor and the the dispute. the company's claim that additional sup government "direct acceEs" or the right of re Under the present system, a contrac ports were needed in the water diversionary view of any adverse agency board decision in tunnel. In 1948 Blanchl's appeal was denied court. And it requires agency boards to es tor must appeal the decision of a con by the board and in 1954 Bianchi filed in the tablish a simplified procedure for expedi tracting officer with the agency board U.S. Court of Claims. In 1959 the Court of tiously settling small claims. before taking the case to court. This Claims entered judgment for the contractor layer can add unnecessary time and ex and in 1963 the U.S. Supreme Court vacated BACKGROUND pense; and some cases, particularly the the Court of Claims judgment on the ground Government contracting ls as old as our more complex ones, are more suited for that under the Wunderlich Act the lower form of government. The public, through court resolution. court should have confined itself to review congress, has decided that government con of the administrative record. In 1964, on tracting for goods and services must be The agency boards of contract appeals remand, the Court of Claims found the undertaken for the benefit of the public are problem areas as well. They do not board's action to be supported by substan primarily by fulfilling government needs have the procedural authority, such as tial evidence and dismissed the contractor's through competltve pricing methods that discovery and subpena powers, to in petition; a motion for reconsideration was assure equal opportunities for businesses sure that all relevant facts and issues are denied. In September 1973, twenty-six years to compete at the lowest possible cost to the brought before them. And although after the claim was rejected, settlement for government. Government contracts are $149,617.36 was announced following Con formed according to an etxenslve and com boards are essentially objective and in gressional reference to the Corps of Engi plex set of formal rules, comprised of laws, dependent, their members are appointed neers. The settlement amount matched ex exeoutlve orders, regulations and agency in by agency heads and must depend on actly the original award of the Court of ternal procedures. them for career advancement. The Com Claims in 1959. Contracting with the federal government mission found, "The procedural safe J. L. Simmons Company, Inc. On Octo ls somewhat unique because the rights of guards in the boards and the quality and ber 5, 1949, J. L. Simmons Company, Inc. the parties are governed by the so-called independence of the board members are entered into a contract to construct a hospi "disputes clause" in the contract. This clause uneven. Yet * * * the findings of fact tal for the Veterans' Administration and gives the government, one of the parties in by the boards are essentially final on completed work on April 30, 1953. In 1951 the contract, the power to decide what the the contracting officer denied the first of contract provisions mean. Additionally, subsequent judicial review." Simmon's claims for extra foundation work under government contracts, the contractor The Commission found no evidence of and a timely appeal was filed. In 1959, the ls required to continue to perform work April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11249 while the dispute ls being resolved-a re a number of bills have been introduced in elusive unless fraudulent, arbitrary, caprici quirement that ls not found in contracting both the House and Senate in each Congress. ous, so grossly erroneous as necessarlly to between two non-government entitles in the On November 10 and 11, 1977, the House imply bad faith, or not supported by sub- private sector. Administrative Law and Governmental Rela . stantial evidence. The current method of resolving contract tions Subcommittee of the Judiciary Com 11. Interest on a.mounts found due on disputes ls essentially a set of practices that mittee held hearings on H.R. 664 and related claims to contractors must be paid from the have evolved out of agencies' needs without b1lls, all of which would place in law a. sys· date of the decision by the contracting offi firm or clear foundation in law. Currently, tematlc method of handling contract cer until payment following a decision by when there ls a disagreement over the terms disputes. the agency board or court. meaning of a contract between the gov On February 8, the Subcommittee reported 12. The upper dollar limit for contract ernment and the contractor, there are three H.R. 11002, drafted and sponsored by Con claims cases handled by u .s. District Courts levels through which tbe dispute may be gressmen Herbert E. Harris (D-Va.) and Tom is increased from $10,000 to $25,000 and Dis processed: (1) the contracting officer; (2) Kindness (R-Ohio), which implements the trict Courts have concurrent jurisdiction an administrative level other than the con Commission's recommendations by establish with the U.S. Court of Claims for cases in tracting officer (usually a boa.rd of contract ing in law clear procedures for settling con volving amounts up to $25,000. appeals); and (3) the courts. tract disputes. 13. The current appropriation authority for The 9lst Congress created the Commission H.R. 11002 has the following provisions: the payment of judgments found due to con on Government Procurement and among its 1. Each federal agency is authorized to tractors is continued with a requirement mandates was a. requirement to study the settle claims and disputes with contractors. that agencies reimburse the treasury fo! current methods for settling contract dis Agencies are authorized to establish an amounts paid out.e putes and to make recommendations to Con agency board of contract appeals when the gress for improvements. The Commission, in volume of procurement justifies a full-time its 1972 report, concluded. "The present sys agency board of at least three members. If THE OUTSTANDING WORK OF THE tem for resolving contract disputes in con the volume of procurement is not sufficient MENNONITE CHURCH nection with contract performance needs to justify an agency board, an agency can significant change 1f it is to provide effec arrange for appeals of decisions by a board tive justice. The system is often too expen of another agency. 2. H.R. 11002 declares that it is the policy HON. JOHN P. MURTHA sive and time-consuming for efficient and OF PENNSYLVANIA fair resolution of claims." of the Congress that contract claims should be resolved by mutual agreement instead of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Other findings of the Commission were as litigation as much as possible and requires Monday, April 24, 1978 follows: the agency to provide at least one informal The delays and confusion of the current conference after a contracting officer's de e Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, in the system make it costly for the taxpayer. cision in an effort to settle the claim by months since the devastating fiood in Because the current process is cumbersome mutual agreement. The informal conference central Pennsylvania, I have tried to and requires expensive, protracted litigation, would be held by designees of the agency cite many individuals and groups who small businesses are reluctant to sell goods head who are employed at a level above the and provide services to the federal govern- contracting officer. contributed to the recovery effort. I . ment. Two-thirds of the small businesses 3. Agency boards are authorized to admin would like to insert into the RECORD questioned by the Commission said they ister oaths, authorize depositions and dis an editorial from the Johnstown Trib would not appeal an adverse decision on a covery proceedings, subpoena witnesses and une Democrat that rightly praises claim under $5,000. Additionally, businesses records, and take testimony. the work Mennonites performed in the with small claims find the cost of pursuing 4. Agency boards are required to establish recovery effort. I personally saw many of a claim exceeds the amount of the claim; · procedures to provide for the informal, ex these individuals at work helping our thus, many claims are not pursued and only peditious, and inexpensive resolution of dis area, and that assistance was a source large contractors are able to recover. putes and must issue all decisions in writing The present system does not provide due on each appeal. The board's decision is final of great inspiration for the community process for litigants because the agency unless the contractor appeals the decision in during that ditncult time. boards of contract appeals do not possess the a U.S. district court or the U.S. Court of The editorial follows: procedural authority or machinery to ensure Claims within one year. THE MENNONITES that all relevant facts are brought before the 5. Each agency board is required to estab No group could be more deserving of an boards and given adequate consideration. lish a simplified procedure for handling a.ward for voluntary health service than the Even though the boards lack adequate legal small claims appeals. The contractor can Johnstown Area Mennonite Disaster Service. powers for ta.king evidence and ma.king de elect the small claims procedure and disputes And the Mennonites are going to get that, cisions, the boards' findings of fact are es must be resolved within 120 days. the Benjamin Rush award of the Pennsyl sentially final on subsequent judicial review. 6. All contract claims are required to be va.nia Medical Society. Additionally, since the members of the boards filed with the agency in writing and the The award is to be presented Wednesday are appointed by their agency head, their contracting officer ls required to issue a writ in Hershey, but it is what the Mennonites independence is often questioned. ten decision on all claims within sixty days. did starting la.st summer that has brought There ls increasing frustration and disil 7. The bill gives the contractor the right the Rush honor their way. For it was then, lusionment with the contra.ct disputes proc to appeal the contracting officer's decision to following the July 20 flood, that 2,000 Men ess among contractors. The federal contract the agency board of contract appeals within nonite volunteers came to Johnstown and ing process 1s based on open competition, 90 days of the decision. provide:! inestimable help to our people. but faced with inequities, ambiguity and 8. A contractor can elect to bring a suit on The volunteers helped to shovel mud from inefficiencies in the process, many potential the claim directly in a U.S. district court or b3.Sements; they supplied lunches and drink contractors avoid government work and the the U.S. Court of Claims within 12 months ing water for other workers; they housed, procurement process suffers. from the decision or final delivery of sup through the Mennonite Disaster Service There 1s no evidence of an overall plan to plies or performance of the work under the group, other volunteers who stayed on to improve the method of handling government contract, whichever is later, or to appeal a continue cleanup work; and they provided contracts. The present system merely evolved contracting officer's decision to the agency counseling service for flood victims. over the years and a series of court decisions board. If a contractor appeals a board deci But they did not stop there. have tended to judicia.lize the boards' admin sion in court, the agency board's decision on After the cleaning up was well along, istrative procedures, while at the same time questions of law shall not be final and con clusive, but the findings of fact by the board craftsmen got together to help flood victims the boards have tried to maintain a. degree who were rebuilding or repairing houses. of flexibility and informality not found in shall be final and conclusive unless fraudu lent, arbitrary, capricious, so grossly erron And the Mennonites went about their work court procedures. quietly and effectively. They of course got The Commission recommended a number eous as to imply bad faith, or not supported by a preponderance of the evidence. some deserved publicity over the post-flood of changes to accomplish four objectives: months; and now they will be getting more. 1. Induce resolution of more contract dis 9. At the request of an agency head, the putes by negotiation prior to litigation; Attorney General may appeal the board's They are not going to stop and take a 2. Equalize the bargaining power of the decision in a U.S. district court or the U.S. breather on their laurels, however; in con parties when a dispute exists; Court of Claims in cases where the board junction with the '77 Flood Relief Center, 3. Provide alternative forums suited to awards the contractor over $1 million or if the Allegheny Conference of the Mennonite handle the different types of disputes; and the Attorney General determines ~here is the Church wm continue efforts to help flood victims. 4. Ensure fair and equitable treatment of existence of a compe111ng governmental in contractors. ~ terest that affects federal procurement Flood-damaged houses are to be bought, policy. repaired and sold to flood victims at cost. LEGISLATIVE ACTION: THE HARRIS-KINDNESS 10. In an appeal by the government, the And those costs wm be remarkably low, pri BILL, H.R. 11002 board's decision on any question of law shall marily because the labor going into the work Since the Commission on Government not be final and conclusive but the findings wm be done by, once again, Mennonite Procurement reported to Congress in -1972, of fact by the board shall be final and con- volunteers. CXXIV--708-Part 9 11250 - EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 The volunteers will be getting help, of We emphasize "commercial channels" be exchange ideas with young people from course; the money to purchase the damaged cause the rules would not require any re all over the world. houses w111 have to come from somewhere; porting or registration by individual owners Mr. Salvatore Dionisio of the Deer the amount collected so far has come from of guns. While reporting that a given firearm three sources-the Methodist Church, the had been sold, dealers would not have to tell Park High School foreign language staff Episcopal Diocese in Pittsburgh and the '77 Washington the buyer's identity. Dealers has thoughtfully arranged the program. Flood Relief Center. Contributions are being would have to keep that information, as they He, and the families of Deer Park stu sought from other churches. do now-and ATF agents could inspect those dents who are bringing these exchange wm Johnstown recover from the tlood? records during business hours, as they may students into their daily lives, deserve to Who knows whether recovery w111 be com now. The rules governing legitimate firearms be recognized. plete? purchases and possession would not be "International Week" at Deer Park But in reply, if we don't fully recover it changed. will make a great contribution to the won't be because the Mennonites didn't try.e What would be changed-and in our view greatly improved-ls the ab111ty Of omclals school, the community, and to the to trace the thousands of firearms used in Nation.• ATF REGULATIONS Wll.iL AID LOCAL crimes. Last year ATF conducted a record LAW ENFORCEMENT 62,498 trace efforts, many at the request of state or local agencies, with success in 55 INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT BY percent of the cases. The process now re CONGRESSMAN GEORGE Mll.iLER HON. ROBERT McCLORY quires separate inquiries to manufacturers, OF ll.LINOIS wholesalers and retailers. If future commer cial records are centralized and computerized, HON. GEORGE MILLER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the history of lllegally used guns can be re OF CALIFORNIA Monday, April 24, 1978 constructed much more quickly and easily. Beyond that, ATF could gain a much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, the ap clearer picture of the whole firearms busi Monday, April 24, 1978 parent misrepresentation which has been ness. omcials have documented some well leveled by some members of the National traveled channels through which guns move • Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Rifle Association against regulations from legitimate commerce to crime. ATF Speaker, I am introducing today the proposed by the Bureau of Alcohol, To found last year, for instance, that over half Domestic Violence Assistance Act of bacco, and Firearms is most unfortunate. of the firearms confiscated by the District of 1978. I am very proud to have as my Columbia police came from Maryland or cosponsors Congresswomen BoGGS and The principal Federal agency charged Virginia. Mississippi seemed to be the main with enforcement of the Federal firearms out-of-state source for guns seized by Chi MIKULSKI and Congressman STEERS. laws-in developing regulations to pro cago's police. But how do the firearms get to The Domestic Violence Assistance Vide uniform serial numbers on firearms Maryland, Virginia or Mississippi? Past ad Act of 1978, represents an effort by the and to establish a mechanism for record ministrations have not pressed the industry Federal Government to provide critical ing lost and stolen weapons-is entirely for information. The new system would en aid to people who are planning and consistent with the objective of meeting able ATF to find out-for the first tlme--pre operating community-based shelters cisely how many firearms are being made, and related service programs for victims the challenge of crime in our Nation. where those weapons go in commerce, and The Bureau's objective is clearly to as where they leave commercial channels by of one of our Nation's least acknowl sist local and State law enforcement means other than documented sales. edged, but most prevelant crimes agencies in tracing weapons used in cases Finally, what about the charge that ATF domestic violence. of violent crime and to assist in appre ls exceeding its authority? That's nonsense. In 2 days of hearings last month, hension of those who engage in the illegal In the 1968 Gun Control Act, Congress spe the Subcommittee on Select Education tramcking of firearms and the use of fire cifically required licensed firearms manufac heard substantial amounts of testimony arms-particularly handguns. turers, importers, dealers and collectors "to regarding how widespread the problem Those who oppose any additional Fed maintain such records" and "submit to the of domestic violence and spousal abuse Secretary (of the Treasury) such reports and is in the United States. A recent study eral gun control laws argue that we information with respect to such records and should have better enforcement of the the contents thereof as he may by regulation by the Washington Star, and the recent existing laws. That is precisely the ob prescribe." (That's in Section 923(g) of Title monograph, Conjugal Crime, suggest jective of the ATF regulations which are, 18, U.S. Code, in case you want to look it up.) that physical or severe mental abuse indeed, consistent with the 1968 statute. So the NRA ls way off target. Congress should occurs in as many as half of the Na Mr. Speaker, I am smclosing an illum encourage, not hamper, ATF's new effort to tion's households. The Post reported inating and persuasive editorial which enforce the laws.e that 10 percent of the abused wives appeared in Sunday's Washington Post nationally receive severe injuries. In and which should, indeed, encourage California, almost one-third of all "INTERNATIONAL WEEK" AT DEER homicide victims were murdered by NRA members to support and not oppose PARK ffiGH SCHOOL those in the Bureau of ATF who are en their husbands, a figure similar to that deavoring to enforce the existing federal in other States. Nor are the spouses the gun laws in behalf of the law-abiding HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY- only victims. One-fifth of the police citizens of our Nation. OF NEW YORK killed on duty in 1974 were intervening The Post editorial follows: in domestic disputes at the time of their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deaths, and police have repeatedly testi FOLLOW THOSE GUNS Monday, April 24, 1978 fied that there is a greater likelihood of The Treasury Department's Alcohol, To bacco and Firearms Bureau has, shall we say, e Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, I would suffering serious injury or death as a come under fire from the National Rifle like to bring to the attention of the result of intervening in a domestic argu Association and congressional opponents of House a very special program inaugu ment than any other crime. Lastly, it is gun-control laws. Their target ls a set of regu rated this year by the Deer Park High not limited to any one class. In fact, lations proposed by ATF that they claim School in my congressional district. some studies have indicated that the would create, in NRA's words, "a massive The week of April 24-28 has been des incidence of abuse increase with income system of centralized national firearms regis and education. tration" with "no specific congressional ignated as "International Week" by Deer authority." Park High School. The week will bring Despite the undisputed widespread ATF ls doing nothing of the sort. The together foreign exchange students from nature of the problem, relatively few agency ls simply trying, at long last, to crack 12 countries. 'rhese students will live resources have been developed for the down on the vast, nationwide 1llegal tramc with families in the Deer Park commu prevention of domestic violence or to in guns. Under the proposed rules, every new nity and will take part in the academic aid its victims. The subcommittee, as firearm, including future imports, would life of the local high school and in many well as the Senate subcommittee and have to bear a unique serial number. Licensed of the outside activities of Long Island. the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, manufacturers, importers and dealers would have to file quarterly reports on the disposi The program will give these students have all heard how difficult it is for tion of each firearm they make or handle. a view of America which I believe will be community groups to secure the level of Finally, every theft or loss of a firearm in invaluable to their understanding of our funding necessary to establish and commercial channels would have to be re country. For Deer Park students and maintain a shelter, or other services, ported at once. families, the program offers a chance to during the critical first few years of April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11251 operation. As a result, there are many tion of the legislation which they join Families, Department of Health, Education, communities wher9 facilities and serv me in cosponsoring today. I would also and Welfare; (ii) the National Institute of Mental ices for the victims of abuse are wanting. like to personally thank their staff peo Health; The purpose of the Domestic Violence ple who have worked so hard in develop- (111) the ACTION Agency; Assistance Act is to supplement these lo 1ng this legislation. Mimi Griffith for Mrs. (iv) the Law Enforcement Assistance Ad cal efforts by targeting limited Federal BOGGS, Joanne Howes for Ms. MIKULSKI, ministration; funds to proven shelter programs for a and Bobbi Avancena for Mr. STEERS. (v) the Legal Services Corporation; maximum of 3 years. The bill also pro The text of the bill follows: (vi) the Community Services Administra vides short-term funding for programs H.R. 12299 tion; and designed to provide technical assistance (vii) representatives of State or local gov A bill to establish a Federal Office on Do ernment. to groups wishing to develop community mestic Violence, and a. Federal Council facilities for the assistance of battered on Domestic Violence, to provide grants Provided however, That the non-Federal for the assistance of victims of domestic members appointed pursuant to subpara spouses. Funding is limited to any par graph (A) of this section shall at all times ticular grantee specifically so that the violence and for training programs, and for other purposes. constitute a majority of the members of the program will retain the strong com Council. munity basis which has been critical to Be it enacted by the Senate and House of (2) While away from their homes or regu the success of these programs in the past, Representatives of the United States of lar places of business in the performance or and upon which their future existence America in Congress assembled, services for the Council, members of the will necessarily depend. Showings of such SHORT TITLE Council who are appointed pursuant to para community support and local need for a SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the graph (1) (A), and members appointed pur "Domestic Violence Assistance Act of 1978". suant to paragraph (1) (B) who are not other program are contained in the legislation wise reimbursed for travel expenses, shall be as criteria for the awarding of a grant. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL OFFICE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE allowed travel expenses, including a. per diem A major goal of the legislation is to allowance in lieu of subsistence, in the same avoid establishing a maze of Federal SEC. 2. There ls hereby established within manner as employees of the Federal Govern bureaucracy along with the grant pro the Office of the Secretary of Health, Educa ment are allowed such expenses under sub tion and Welfare an Office on Domestic Vio chapter 1 of chapter 57 of title 5, United gram. The sponsors of the bill recognize lence which shall be headed by an Adminis that the Federal Government is supple States Code. trator of Programs on Domestic Violence. (3) Members of the Council who are officers menting local efforts, and should not es APPOINTMENT AND DUTIES OF ADMINISTRATOR Qr employees of the Federal Government tablish bureacratic obstacles which will SEC. 3. (a) The Administrator shall be ap shall receive no additional pay on account impede the operation of the shelters. The pointed by the Secretary of Health, Educa of their service on the Council. legislation, therefore, contains sufficient tion and Welfare. GRANT PROGRAMS safeguards to provide necessary ac (b) The Administrator shall-- SE::. 5. (a) ( 1) The Council shall make countability for the expenditure of Fed (1) maintain a. national clearinghouse on grants under this section for programs de eral funds, while at the same time per domestic violence for purposes of (A) col signed to prevent domestic violence and to mitting the latitude in operations which lecting and disseminating information on provide aid to victims of domestic violence. community-based groups will require. domestic violence, (B) reviewing Federal, (2) No grant made under this section :;hall The legislation also recognizes the State and local programs relating to domes be approved for more than $50,000 in any tic violence, (C) compiling and actively dis fis:::al year, or for more than 25 percent of number of experienced personnel, acad tributing information on existing programs em1c1ans, administrators, and others the annual budget of such program, which for the prevention and treatment of domes ever is less. No program for which a. grant has with great expertise in this field. These tic violence, and (D) developing a national been made under this section shall receive community people are to constitute a directory of temporary shelters and other funds for more than 3 fiscal years. majority of the council which will award services for the victims of domestic violence; (b) Except as provided in subsection (c), grants to eligible applicants. The re (2) make an annual report to the Con- any applicant applying for a. grant under mainder of the council will be composed 15ress with respect to the status of Federal, this section shall demonstrate to the satis of representatives of Federal agencies State and local programs relating to domes faction of the Council that the program !or tic violence, including recommendations for which the grant will be used- whose programs have a relationship to improved coordination; the problem of domestic violence. ( 1) has been in operation and has offered (3) develop a national media campaign to the type of services outlined in the applica The need for an expanded shelter and increase public awareness of the problem of domestic violence and the availability cf tion for a period of not less than 6 months; service program is widely recognized. (2) is receiving community support in the Community workers, social service pro services for its victims, including, if he deems necessary, a national toll-free hotline to pro form of financial donations or in-kind goods viders, police, and others have told the vide information regarding the availability and services; and subcommittee, and written widely, that of services in particular areas of the country; (3) ls operated by personnel who have ap these programs address a major ( 4) make recommendations to the Con propriate skills, including professional, clini problem in our country, and that there gress concerning the need for the modifica cal. or volunteer training, necessary to pro tion of Federal programs which may affect or vide services to victims of domestic violence are currently insufficient shelters and and their children, including mult111ngual service programs to meet the need. In have appl1cab111ty to victims of domestic vio lence, including federally supported housing skills, where appropriate. deed, whenever a program is established, (c) A grant may be made to a. qualified the great outpouring of clients testifies and community development activities, legal and medical services, and job training pro applicant unable to meet the requirements of to the latent nature of the problem of grams; and subsection (b) (1) if such applicant demon strates to the satisfaction of the Council domestic violence, as abused people final ( 5) provide the Council with such infor that- ly recognize the availability of services mation as may be necessary for the Council which they have, in many cases, waited ( 1) there is a local need for the establish to discharge its functions under section 4(a). ment and maintenance of such services; years to find. This is the program which FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES OF COUNCIL the Domestic Violence Assistance Act is (2) there is an extreme financial hardship SEc. 4. (a) The Council shall have sole re requiring the awarding of startup funds in designed to support. The people who sponsib1Uty for determining the awarding of order to achieve the establishment of the need these programs are very great in grants pursuant to sections 5 and 6 of this program. No a.mount in excess of 40 percent number, and the financial outlay for the Act. of the total amount of a. grant made to any Federal Government is very small. This (b) (1) The Council shall be composed of applicant under this subsection may be ad legislation would direct Federal support members appointed by the Secretary of vanced for startup funds. The Council shall to proven and effective programs, and Health, Education, and Welfare, and shall provide the remaining funds for any grant would encourage the replication of these consist of- made pursuant to this subsection upon a programs throughout the country. ( A) not less than five individuals who are finding that the program has been estab· victims of domestic violence or who are ex lished in conformity with the grant appli· Mr. Speaker, I want to conclude by perienced in the operation of community cation; and again thanking Congresswomen BOGGS based shelters or service programs for vic ( 3) no funds provided under this Act shall and MIKULSKI, and Congressman STEERS, tims of domestic violence and their children be used to supplant other funds otherwise for the very great help they have been in and in the delivery of services to such victims, available to an applicant. developing this legislation. Their original but who are not employees of government; ( d) ( 1) Except as otherwise provided in bills crystalized public attention in the and paragraph (2) with respect to grants made Congress toward the issue of domestic (B) representatives from :.uch agencies as pursu•mt to this section in any fiscal year. violence, and have provided the founda- (i) the Office of Children, Youth, and the proportion of funds made avaiable by 11252 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 the Council for programs in any State to for such personnel for a period of no more and the District of Columbia, Guam, the the total funds granted by the Council for than 2 weeks; Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico; and programs under this section shall not exceed (3) production of media. information pro (7) the term "victim" means any indi the proportion of such State's population grams concerning the problem of domestic vidual threatened with or suffering injury to the total population of the United States, violence and the availab111ty of community or duress as a result of domestic violence, according to the latest available reliable services for victims of domestic violence; and or the child under the age of 18 of such in data. (4) shelter-based research programs con dividual. cerning the needs for and use of programs (2) The Council shall select grantees from AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; diverse demographic regions within e::Lch for victims of domestic violence; and State or territory. ( 5) programs designed to develop economic LIMITATIONS (3) Any funds appropriated for purposes self-sutnciency of community-based service SEC. 11. (a) There a.re authorized to be of this Act for any fiscal year which were providers in order to assure the continuity appropriated for the purpose of this Act not allocated before January 1 of such fiscal of programs funded under this Act. $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1979, $20,000,000 year shall be avaibble for awarding to other (d) Any grant recipient under this section for fiscal year 1980, and $30,000,000 for each qualified applicants upon approval on an shall furnish to the Council within 90 days of the three succeeding fiscal years. application by the Council. after the end of the fiscal year in which a (b) No amount in excess of 10 percent ( e) Funds provided through grants ms.de grant was made to such grant recipient-- of any amount appropriated under this Act under this section may be used for services (1) an audit of all expenditures; in any fiscal year shall be used to admin and related expenses including, but not lim (2) a report of all purchases and related ister the provisions of sections 3 and 4 of ited to, the following-- financial matters; and this Act. ( l) rent or mortgage payments for facm (3) any other information the Council (c) No amount in excess of 20 percent of ties (except that no more than 33 percent may require; with respect to the program for any amount appropriated under this Act in of any grant ms.y be used for rent); which such grant was made. any fiscal year shall be used for grants made (2) emergency counselling; ( e) The Council shall, as is practicable, under section 6 of this Act.e (3) job training; distribute grants under this section to en (4) legal services; sure that training programs wm be estab ( 5) provision of food or clothing; lished in all regions of the United States, as NATIONAL RAISIN WEEK (6) emergency telephone assistance and determined according to the regional orga councelling; nization of the Department of Health, Educa (7) housing information and referral; tion, and Welfare. HON.' B. F. SISK (f) No grant pursuant to this section (8) follow-up services; OF CALIFORNIA (9) the dissemination of information and shall be in excess of $30,000 and shall be re advocacy of other related social services; and newable, at the discretion of the Council, for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (10) administrative expenses (not to ex not more than one additional year. Monday, April 24, 1978 ceed 15 % of any grant). APPROVAL OF BUDGETS • Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased (f) No funds provided through grants SEc. 7. Before any funds are provided for made under this section shall be used as any program for which a grant has been to join with my colleague, Hon. JoHN direct payment to any victim of domestic made under this Act, a budget for such pro KREBS, in calling to the attention of this violence. gram for the fiscal year in which such funds body some of the nationwide activities (g) Services provided under this section shall be used shall be approved by the which will help celebrate National Raisin shall be considered emergency services and Council. Week. This year's observance will be from no income eligib111ty standard shall be im April 27 through May 7 and will be high posed with respect to any individual seeking EFFECT ON ELIGmILITY FOR OTHER FINANCIAL such service. AID lighted by a serieR of conferences at (h) Any grant recipient under this section SEC. 8. No Federal income supplement, or major universities under the sponsorship shall furnish to the Council within 90 days nutrition, educaticn, legal, er medical as of the california raisin advisory board after the end of the fiscal year for which a sistance, or job training shall be denied to and the President's Council on Physical grant was made to such grant recipient-- any individual otherwise qualiflei for such Fitness anc Sports. ( 1) an audit of all expenditures; supplement, assistance, or training, or to Dr. Sally Ride, selected as a member of (2) a report of all purchases and related any child of such individual, because such the first group of women astronauts, will financial matters; individual has received aid from any shelter or program for victims of domestic violence be a guest of honor at a joint conference (3) information regarding the number of of the california raisin advisory board individuals served, and the services offered, to which a grant has been made under this and a description of the disposition of cases, Act, er has received any service provided and the President's Council. Kathrine except that no grantee may be required to by such shelter or associated service provider. Switzer, who was the first woman to run release the identity of any victim served by REGULATORY AUTHORITY in the Boston Marathon, will be a speaker the program if the grant recipient of such SEC. 9. The Secretary of Health, Education, at this and other conferences. program deems such identity to be confi and Welfare shall have the authority to Others participating in the April 27 dential; nor shall the exact street address promulgate such rules and regulations as conference in Berkeley include Jackie of any grantee be made public if public he may deen: necessary to carry out the pro Sorenson, founder and president of Aero knowledge of the location of a shelter would visions of this Act. Proposed regulations bic dancing: Glen Swengros, Director of expose residents of that shelter to physical shall be subject to the approval of the Federal-State relations for the Council, or psychological abuse; Council. (4) any other information the Council may DEFINITIONS and Dr. Beverly Bullon, also a Director. require with respect to the program for SEC. 10. As use::l in this Act- others in the conference series are which such grant was made. ( l) the term "Administrator" means the scheduled May 1 at Rice University, GRANTS FOR TRAINING PROGRAMS Administrator of the Otnce on Domestic Vio Houston; May 3 at Northwestern Uni SEC. 6. (a) The Council shall make grants lence referred to in section 2; versity, Chicago; and May 5 at Boston under this section for programs designed to (2) the term "applicant" means any com University. A pre-raisin week program provide personnel training and technical as munity-based, nonprofit organization er In is set for tomorrow at George Washing sistance training to individuals and organi dian tribe or public agency in any State; ton Universitv here in the District. The zations involved in establishing or main (3) the term "Council" means the Fed theme of all the conferences is aimed at taining community services for victims of eral Council on Domestic Violence estab domestic violence. lishe::l in section 4; exercise and good nutrition and is di (b) Any applicant applying for a grant (4) the term "domestic violence" means rected to women with young families. under this section shall demonstrate to the any act or threatened act of violence, in In its own State of California, the satisfaction of the Council that- cluding any forceful detention of an indi raisin industry will present a fast-moving ( 1) such applicant is able to train per vidual, which results or threatens to result original health play produced by the sonnel, and has expertise in the area of in physical injury, and is committed by a Community Children's Health Project of emergency victim assistance; person against another person to whom such Fresno. The production, to be staged at (2) a thorough descri?tion of the program person is married or has been married or for which such grant shall be used. with whom such person is residing or has the State Capitol in Sacramento, has resided; been a popular highlight of local and (c) Funds provided through grants made statewide educator and health official under this section may be used !or expenses (5) the term "shelter" m~ans a !ac111ty of training programs including costs of- maintained by an applicant or grant re meetings and school assemblies. The play ( 1) dissemination of information regard cipient under this Act which provides, on informs children of good health habits, ing treatment of victims of domestic vio an emergency basis, temporary housing and including good nutrition, in an entertain lence; food, or related services, to victims of do ing manner. (2) technical training of shelter personnel, mestic violence; We feel the raisin industry is to be including transportation and living expenses (6) the term "State" means the 50 States praised for these and other innovative April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11253 techniques in stressing to our young Today, the Youngstown Salvation ployment Act of 1978." The NFFE shares people the vital importance of good Army offers services for every age and Congressman Harris' belief that merit princi ples should be clearly established in law to nutrition. type of individual. Men and women find eliininate the potential for abuse which now The great San Joaquin Valley of Cali meaningful activities, boys and girls exists. We feel that H.R. 11165 is the first fornia is the very heart of this Nation's learn new skills, the ill and confined are realistic piece of legislation introduced in raisin industry, and, in fact, grows and shown that someone cares, and disaster this congress to achieve this worthwhile goal. processes virtually all of the energy victims are given assistance in their time We note that H.R. 11165 identifies the Civil packed raisins produced domestically, of need. The Youngstown Salvation Service Commission as the agency which and accounts for one-third of the world's Army truly offers a variety of services would except positions from the competitive supply. to a multitude of people, and the city service. Other proposals would vest this power with a proposed management arm suc Historically, California's vineyards and of Youngstown has now benefited from cessor agency of the Commission (OPM). related industries engaged in producing, the presence of the Salvation Army for Should the CSC as we now know it be dis processing, and distributing rasins have 90 years. mantled, we would welcome the adoption of supplied an average of more than 200,000 Mr. Speaker, the accomplishments of the blll if this authority is given to the Merit tons of nutritious and delicious raisins a the Youngstown Salvation Army are Systems Protection Board, or a larger Fed year to United States and foreign con truly remarkable and deserving of the eral Labor Relations Authority which would sumers for eating out-of-hand, for cook highest praise. For nearly a century, the encompass the functions of the Board, and ing, for use in baked goods, and in gour army has provided necessary and timely have the same three member leadership as is now provided for in CSC. met dishes. In doing so, the raisin in assistance to our community. The Sal The intrusion of politics and other non dustry has added to the economy of Cali vation Army is one of the major uplifting merit factors in to the Federal career service fornia and the Nation by providing forces in the area, and we are grateful is a reality which we at NFFE have witnessed thousands of jobs. for its presence. time and again throughout our 60-year his It is hoped that consumers will con I join the citizens of Youngstown and tory. Traditionally, we have urged that strong tinue to enjoy raisins and join in the ob the friends of the Salvation Army in legislation be adopted to reatnrm and servance of National Raisin Week, rec commending the local om.cers and sol strengthen the merit system. As a result of ognizing that this industry continues its diers of the Youngstown Salvation Army our daily dealings with the Executive brarich, we have seen agencies disregard the legislated substantial contribution to the nation's for their outstanding community serv principles and guidelines of Congress in many economy and to the welfare of its ice. I wish the Youngstown Salvation areas where there was no procedure available citizens.• Army continued success in its future to redress such abuses. · endeavors.• Therefore, we would urge that Congress man Harris' excellent proposal be coupled YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, SALVATION with provisions for an enforcement mech ARMY TO CELEBRATE 90TH ANNI FEDERAL EMPLOYEE ORGANIZA anism to insure compliance with Congres VERSARY TION ENDORSES MERIT EMPLOY sional mandates for a merit system. This, we MENT ACT OF 1978 feel, would be the ultimate solution. H.R. 11165 makes a major stride toward HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY achieving this end. The establishment of OF OHIO HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II merit principles in legislation is an urgent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF VIRGINIA necessity and we urge this Committee to act favorably on the proposed "Merit Em Monday, April 24, 1978 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ployment Act of 1978," with the amendmen~ e Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, the Monday, April 24, 1978 suggested.e Youngstown, Ohio, Salvation Army will e Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I am celebrate its 90th anniversary on May pleased to learn that the National Fed ADA HIGH SCHOOL BULLDOGS WIN 19, 1978. A civic dinner will be held at eration of Federal Employees has en OHIO CLASS A GIRLS BASKET the Saxon Club of Youngstown to com dorsed H.R. 11165, the Merit Employ BALL CHAMPIONSHIP memorate the occasion. ment Act of 1978, which I introduced on The Salvation Army organization was February 27, 1978. founded in England in 1865 by a Method My bill would strengthen the civil HON. TENNYSON GUYER ist minister, the Rev. William Booth. service system in four major ways: OF OHIO Reverend Booth left the clergy to spread First, it requires that all personnel ac IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the good news of Christianity, not by tions be made on the basis of merit with Monday, April 24, 1978 preaching, but by doing good deeds and out any special consideration. helping those in need. Second, it prohibits political and other • Mr. GUYER. Mr. Speaker, the name Since its inception, the Salvation Army nonmerit recommendations for Federal Sharon Pitts or the Bulldogs may not be has established itself in 82 countries, jobs. well known in this area, but in Ada, Ohio, tailoring its services to the needs of the Third, it would put in law for the first those two names stir some of the same individual regions which it serves. time specific criteria for placing posi proud feelings as the names of many, or The early history of the Salvation tions outside the career, competitive any, of our national heroes. For the Ada Army in Youngstown is chronicled by service. High School Bulldogs, ably coached by articles appearing in the Youngstown Fourth, it places squarely with every Sharon Pitts, have made a dream come Vindicator 90 years ago. The Vindicator's agency head the responsibility for in true by winning the Ohio State class A account of the newly established Youngs suring merit employment within each girls basketball championship. town Salvation Army did not depict a agency and requires that all personnel One of the highlights of the class A favorable reception by local government: director positions be in the career, com tournament, and for me personally, was A division of The Salvation Army, consist petitive service. the selection of Lynne Coe as Ohio "A" ing of Captains Hunt, Fanny, and Lt. Bell, I am pleased to share with my col Player of the Year. Lynne was selected of Pittsburgh opened their batteries here to leagues the statement of NFFE submitted for this honor for very solid reasons- day to fight the devil. They have leased a to the House Post om.ce and Civil Service 40 points and 17 rebounds in the 2 hall for a year, and say they expect to make Committee during recent hearings on playoff games. Earlier this year it was my a long fight here. Mayor Lawthers has noti pleasure to nominate Lynne for an ap fied them that in case they violate any of H.R. 11280, the Civil Service Reform Act, as follows: pointment to the Naval Academy in the ordinances they wm be fired out of the Annapolis, Md. It was even more of a city. REMARKS OF JAMES M. PIERCE ON PRO pleasure to find out that she has been Indeed, the pioneer Salvationists were TECTION OF THE MERrr SYSTEM accepted by the Academy. Lynne has ac asked to vacate many Youngstown pub I would like to take this opportunity to cepted the appointment to the Academy laud the efforts of Congressman Herbert lic meeting places before the community Harris, who ls a member of the House Post and will begin her career where such recognized the value of the army. How Office and Civil Service Committee. The con notables as Admirals Nimitz and Halsey, ever, the Youngstown Salvation Army gressman's endeavors on behalf of merit in and astronauts Shepard and Schirra, to members held tenaciously to their belief government are evidenced by his sponsor name only a few, also began their in God, and the army flourished. ship of H.R. 11165, the proposed "Merit Em- careers. 11254 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 Ada is part of Ohio's Fourth Congres Chairman and members of the committee, dlca.ted that only about one out of every sional District and it is my distinct pleas and Director Dellenback. 100,000, maybe 150,000 Americans, ever vol I want to start off by apologizing for not unteered for the Peace Corps. Most people ure and privilege to represent this area coming here with a. properly prepared written in any country, at any time, do not volunteer. in the U.S. House of Representatives. statement that you could have had and read Volunteers a.re exceptional people in any so Needless to say, I, too, am excited and before I arrived. Part of the reason for that ciety, at any time, and under any circum proud of the showing by the Bulldogs in dereliction on my part is that I have never stances. the State tournament. I offer my sin testified before Congress about the Peace Most of the people at the time of the Amer cere congratulations to the coach. the Corps since I left there. I did not do so for ican Revolution did not volunteer to fight players, the faculty. the entire student a number of reasons. One of them was the with Washington. A huge proportion of the fa.ct that when the Democrats were in people in the Colonies were sitting in New body, and to everyone who supported the power and Jack Vaughn had succeeded me, York or Philadelphia, enjoying good parties team the entire season in its champion I did not want to be in the position of look and going to them with the Tories. All you ship drive. ing over his shoulder commenting upon or have to do is to recall Valley Forge to know I would like to recognize each of the criticizing what he was doing. And when the that there was a mere handful of people members of this team who worked hard RepubUca.ns came into power and ACTION going through the winter out there with and deserve this honor. Making up the was created I felt that even the manly efforts Washington, out of the total percentage of 12-girl squad were: Lynne Coe. Kathy of a John Dellenba.ck would be lost and sub the people in the Colonies. Decker, Teri Stahl, Donna Hall, Judy merged, and that he would find it difiicult That ts the reality just as much today, Long, Anna Wright, Lori Klingler, Linda to keep the Peace Corps a.live and vital in and in every country, as when the Peace thoS'e days. Corps started. Bischoff, Vickie Oates, Stephanie Pitts, One of the indications of that reality is So, the first, absolutely essential thing ls Jodi Kindle, and Carol Pitts. the fa:::t that John had, to serve in ACTION to organize the Peace Corps in a way that it This first-time-ever event is even more for a. long time and never even had the title appeals to that special breed of people who significant in light of heavy competition, of Director of the Peace Corps. I frankly volunteer. Now, nobody wlll volunteer for thf: and the fact that the Ada team was not think this was a. pa.rt of a. la.tent a.ntipat~y Peace Corps, in my Judgment, because it is expected to win. Desire. direction. and to, or desire-how shall I Eay, to subbordi in ACTION or out of ACTION, or in t he new determination characterized this signal na.te or water down the visib111ty of the Peace proposed Foreign Aid Administration or out Corps, to make it cne of a. number of en side of it . In other words, volunteers do not achievement. Ada, Ohio, was once noted terprises-domestic and foreign-rather volunteer because of the bureaucratic ar for having two U.S. Senators on the fac than to see it grow, and to see it become rangement in Washington. In fact, most of ulty of a fine school, Ohio Northern Uni ever more visible than it ha.cl been. That ls them do not even know what the bureau versity-Senators Simeon D. Fess and my own opinion. I do not really have any cratic arrangement ls in Washington and do Frank Willis. Now, even the stalwart thing to prove that, but I think John could not care about it. memory of these statesmen is joined by testify himself to some of the difficulties of Contrary to ideas that exist in Washington, this new honor for this outstanding com a bureaucratic and budget ary nature he en the volunteers a.re neither motivated or un munity, the home of the Bulldogs, State countered when he wa.s trying to achieve motivated by what we do here in Washing things with the Peace Corps. ton, bureacra.tica.lly speaking. The reality is champs.• I think tha. t since Sam Brown, and Mary that volunteers a.re motivated, some of them, King, and carolyn Peyton have been at by spirit of adventure; some by desire to help tempting to resuscitate the Peace Corps, sub their fellow human beings; some by the chal SARGENT SHRIVER ON THE NEED stantial progress has been ma.de. I wish to lenges of the work, a. sort of Mount Everest FOR AN INDEPENDENT PEACE commend them personally. I think what they syndrome, you know, "Why do you climb it?" CORPS have been trying to do ls helpful and aimed "I climb it because its there." Some volun in the right direction. teer because of emotional or even religious Once again I wlll say. I would not be here ferver; some because of feelings of human HON. DON BON'KER today if that were the only or princioal ques ism. OF WASHINGTON tion, namely, how well the current leaders Volunteers do not volunteer, for example, a.re running the Peace Corps. I think, con for Amtrak. If you organized a. big campaign IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sidering th-e condition in which the Peace to get volunteers for Amtrak you would not Monday, April 24, 1978 Corns was when they got it, they have been get them. You do not get many people to doing a commendable job. Maybe a very, very volunteer for the Post Office. There is nothing •Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, recently vood 1ob. But on<'e al!'.ain, I would not be the matter with Amtrak, or the Post omce Sargent Shrive:-, the first Director of here if that were the tc::sue. or the onlv issue. but people do not volunteer for such enter the Peace Corps, testified before an In I am coming here today because I believe prises. They do not volunteer to work in the ternational Relations Subcommittee in that there ls a great danger to the Peace Commerce Department, or the Defense De favor of the Peace Corps Reform Act, Corps now and for the future because the partment, or the Justice Department. Again, H.R. 9774, which I introduced jointly magnlficent heritage and name of one of the there ts nothing the matter with those de with Congressman HARRINGTON and oth greatest Americans of our time, Hubert partments, I am merely trying to explain Humphrey, ls connected with the program what I think is an extremely important er colleagues last October. Mr. Shriver's which would put the Peace Corps back into point. Nobody ls going to volunteer for AID, eloquent statement in my judgment an economic development assistance corpo or for AID's predecessor, ICA, er for the new provides compelling reasons why the ration or effort, and that idea ls exactly like agency, no matter what it ls called, that Peace Corps must be independent if it the idea that was popular when we started follows the ultimate passage, if it occurs, of is to successfully accomplish its unique the Peace Corps. So that I am here to try the Humphrey blll. purpose. This was the first time Mr. to speak about some of the features of the Nobody volunteered for the Peace Corps Shriver has testified on the Peace Corps Peace Corps which encouraged most of us, because of the existence of ACTION. Nor for or all of us at the beginning, to resist exactly VISTA or for Foster Grandparents. If any since he left the agency, he felt so the same effort which ls being attempted thing ACTION with its additional layers of strongly about this issue. Therefore, I today. Consequently, what I am talking bureaucrats in Washington probably turned ask that a copy of Mr. Shriver's testi a.bout has nothing to do with the activities off volunteers. The same thing will happen mony be submitted for the RECORD for of the Peace Corps under Jack Vaughn who if the Peace Corps is put into a new super the benefit of my colleagues. succeeded me, or under any of the directors AID. Volunteer agencies need less bureauc This testimony should be studied not who ran it while the Republicans were in racy, not more. only because it is from someone who has power in Washington. I am going all the The Peace Corps must look like and be a had extensive experience with the Peace way back to the beginning. place and a program which challenges peo I think to understand at lea.st why I feel ple, appeals to them; even calls on them for Corps, but also because it describes the the way I do, and why I believe that I sacrifices. The Peace Corps must be like the dangers of current efforts to improve the speak for a vast majority of people that were civil rights movement. Martin Luther King effectiveness of U.S. foreign aid pro involved in the creation of the Peace Corps, did not volunteer to come up to Washington grams by combining them. How many to understand that, one has to understand and join the Civil Rights Division of the Jus times must we rediscover the wheel? at lea.st two or three things about the Peace tice Department. He could have, some people The sad experience of the Peace Corps' Corps, which are so obvious that one some do go to work there. There ls nothing the being placed in ACTION a few years ago times hesitates to even talk about them, but matter with that. But Martin Luther King clearly demonstrates that the effective nevertheless, they are so profound as well as being a true, even a heroic volunteer, did his obvious that they a.re essential, I believe, to work out in the grassroots, which is natural ness of agencies is reduced, not en for a man of that disposition and psychology. hanced, by ''consolidating" them in the success of the Peace Corps. The first one ls the whole idea. of volun The same ts true of all the other volunteers, larger bureaucracies. teers and volunteering. Now, the reality ls like Ghandl in India-they do not Join Gov The statement follows: that very few people volunteer for anything. ernments. That is why in our country, most Mr. SHRIVER. Thank you very much, Mr. A computation we made back in 1961-65 in- of the time, the volunteer spirit has been April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11255 exemplified by people joining private volun have been killed by our Marines. The ques racy will see their own careers jeopardized tary organizations, whether they are church tion was presented to me, should we take the by independent actions of that type by the related or otherwise, like CARE or the Peace Corps volunteers out of Santiago. Peace Corps or by its director. That is not to Church World Service. Now, let me assure you that, for me, that criticize anybody in the bureaucracy; I think It is abnormal, therefore, I believe, for was an extremely difficult question. If one of it is only to say that is normal, it is human people to volunteer for anything financed by our Peace Corps volunteers, or more than nature. People do not recall very often now, the Government. The Peace Corps in that one, got killed by the U.S. Marines, can you but another matter that has some signif sense is, in my judgment, an abnormality. It imagine what would have happened back icance, even today, occurred at the begin is an aberration, it is not a normal thing home here if I tried to explain to the press ning of the Peace Corps. for Government, any Government, to be in or to the parents that I left these volunteers We offered to send Peace Corps volunteers volved with a largely independent, free in Santiago where our Marines were firing to the Soviet Union. We said we would be splrited movement like the Peace Corps. at them? What moral justification could I happy to send Peace Corps volunteers be Now, having said that, what ls it, in addi adduce to justify exposing our Peace Corps hind the Iron Curtain-and the Iron Cur tion to volunteers, that makes me feel that volunteers to the fire of our Marines? How tain was a lot higher and more difficult to the Peace Corps will be 111 served by being could I explain that to a bereaved parent? pierce in 1960-61 than it is today. But we in the proposed new legislation? But I decided to leave the volunteers in said, "Certainly, if the SOviet Union, Poland, The second reason is bureaucracy. It is there; and they stayed. Thank God, none of or Czechoslovakia. wants to have Peace Corps popular nowadays to inveigh against the them was hurt. volunteers, we will send them in." bureaucrats, in Washington or elsewhere. I But why did we let them stay there when The fact is they never asked for them to happen to have a very high regard for people the U.S. Government, at least its mil1tary come in; never were willing for them to come who serve in the Federal Service, in the embodiment, was fighting against the very in. But, what would happen today if the Di Civil Service. In my experience, if you appeal people our Peace Corps nurses were taking rector of the Peace Corps said. "We are going to them in the right way, they will work as care of? These were Peace Corps nurses, and to send 50 volunteers to Russia"? That would hard and as imaginatively as any group of they were taking care of the wounded who become, I think, quite a foreign policy issue, people in America. were being wounded by the firing of persons and it might very well be that the Peace But the natural tendency of the bureauc representing the U.S. Government. Corps would be prevented from doing that, racy is to protect itself. The natural ten Well, the theory was-and I think it is even though, according to the Peace Corps dency of most bureaucrats is not to take still good-that the Peace Corps goals in the philosophy, according to the purpose of the too many risks without risking the whole Dominican Republic or in any other country Peace Corps, that would be a perfectly legiti ball game. we have seen some dramatic ex are to work with the people of the country. mate thing for the Peace Corps to do. That amples of that. Mr. Fitzgerald, for example, The volunteers enter the foreign c.ountry action would inevitably today, I fear, be who blew the whistle over in the Defense with the tolerance of the government of that linked into a whole foreign policy debate. Department is still trying to find a job. country and with the support, financial, of Now, there are many other less dramatic On the other hand, the Peace Corps is a our Government. But they do not go there examples where the Peace Corps itself did risk-taking enterprise. If the director of the to serve only the interests of our Govern thir:rzs then-and ought to be doing things Peace Corps is worried about his job security ment; or certainly only the interest of the now, in my judgment-which might not have and is therefore afraid to take a risk, he is foreign government. They go there to serve the support of older and wiser heads. not going to be a good director of the Peace the human interests of the people. Eleanor Roosevelt was very scared when we Corps. Now, most people in the world do not be said we were going to send Peace Corps vol Let me give you a couple of examples of lieve that. When a Peace Corps volunteer unteers 300 or 400 miles up-country in what I mean. Early on, in the very early arrives in a particular place anywhere it takes Ghana, or central African republic places that stages of the Peace Corps it was recom him a minimum of 3 to 6 months before were very remote in terms of medical as mended to me, urged upon me to put the anybody believes he is actually going to stay sistance. Peace Corps into Vietnam-I refused. I was there for 2 years. This kind of thing does She told me personally, she said, "Mr. asked to put the Peace Corps in the Congo not happen; the world is not like that. Shriver, you do that, and you will have dis at the time when there was a rather difficult SO when you are confronted with the asters. I have been all over the world, and situation there-and I refused. question, do you take the volunteers out or Americans cannot exist there in that coun Now, it takes, in the bureaucracy, a great not take them out, you run the risk that by try. They will get all kinds of diseases, you deal of independence of position to be able taking them out you dissipate or wreck your will have a terrible fallout rate; and it will to say to the Secretary of State, "No, I will credib111ty in that country with the people be a disaster." not send the Peace Corps," or to say to the not with the political leadership, but with Now, nobody could criticize her, I think, for President, "No, I will not send the Peace the people-who will say, "Same old thing, being faint-hearted, nor for having lack of Corps to Vietnam." It is the normal thing for when it gets dangerous or we are in trouble, experience. But what she had not had much• people who have a Presidential appointment they will quit." experience with at that time was the kind to do what the President wants them to do. There is a big risk involved in leaving them of person who joins the Peace Corps. The It is the normal thing in the Government in, I already mentioned it. The same thing reality turned out to be just the opposite of for people in an administration-I do not happened in Panama when they rioted down what you would expect; namely, if you put care whose administration it is-to go along there in 1964 about the canal, long before Peace Corps volunteers in the most difficult with the purposes, so-called, or the specific the current treaty discussions. We had 50 or places they performed better. The tougher the needs of the administration. so volunteers out in the vmages of Panama. going, the better they are. In fact, if you You have to have a purpose with your or Dean Rusk called me up on the phone and put them in Thailand, for example, in Bang ganization above and beyond the immediate said, "Sarge, you know I have a great con kok they do not do nearly as well as if you needs of the existing administration to justify fidence in your judgment; but I want to ad put them 300 miles away from Bangkok. So, philosophically, or politically or morally, go vise you that I think you ought to take the it was just the reverse of what our precon ing against what the administration pro Peace Corps volunteers out of Panama and ceptions had been. poses. Therefore, the Peace Corps has to have put them in the Canal Zone for safety." So I say, therefore, that if you leave the an independence of status, and the Director There were marauding bands going around ·Peace Corps within the normal Government has to have an independence of spirit, which the countryside in Panama looking for North bureaucracy the decisions made by the Di will enable them to withstand the pressures Americans on whom they could wreck some rector are going to be influenced by consid that are inevitably put upon them by the vengeance. Here we had the same question erations that are not Peace Corps considera bureaucracy or by the political leadership. again, would we take out the volunteers. We tions. He is goinrz to be subjected to bureau That has nothing to do, again, with whether left them in once again. And in the villages cratic pressures that are not Peace Corps people are Republicans or Democrats. It is the Panamanians protected the Peace Corps concerns. just in the nature of things that political volunteers. When bands of marauders came I fear that the whole spirit of the enter leadership will want ·parts of the Govern by, the Panamanians would hide the volun prise will be modified to its disadvantage by ment, which may be helpful one way or an teers in their houses. The volunteers, the that kind of arrangement. other in a situation, to do what "the Govern Panamanians would hide them. The result The third point I would like to make is ment" thinks is desirable, politically. was that nobody got hurt in the Peace Corps; this, and it would almost have to do with I could give you a' lot of examples of this 8 or 10 people got killed in the Panama Canal political philosophy, or political science problem which, again, indicate to me-and Zone where they had the protection of the maybe even with moral philosophy. The U.S. I hope to you-that the Peace Corps has been U.S. Armed Forces. Again, however, the risk Government-thank God-is one of the few bureaucratically independent. was very great to leave them in the Pan governments now in existence in the world Let me give you another example. At the amanian villages, a risk similar to the one I which as a matter of philosophical commit time of the revolution in the Dominican Re just tried to describe in the Dominican ment says that the individual citizen, indi public we had Peace Corps volunteers in San Republic. vidual human being is the most 1mportant tiago. President Johnson landed the Marines Now, what I am trying to say is that if entity in that country. The power actually on the shores near Santiago. Our U.S. the director of the Peace Corps is inside of a comes to the Government from the people. Marines started firing into Santiago. The bureaucracy, even if he were in a high place A lot of governments say that, but it does reality then was that we had Peace Corps vol in a bureaucracy, there is a terrific danger not actually operate that way. Here we say unteers in Santiago, any one of which could that the other bureaucrats in that bureauc- that is a fact. We say there are certain things 11256 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 about you Mr. Chairman, and everybody else would finance people to go overseas who are Grange Week. As you know, the National in this room that the Government cannot in not under the control of the Government. vade or violate. We say those are private [Pause.) I am letting that sink in, because Grange has a half a million members in rights. We say that you have those private today having control over other people gives 41 States. Five thousand local communi rights because you are superior to the Gov some people a sense of power even in our so ties will be joining in this national recog ernment--you are-I ani-the stenotypist is. ciety-whether they are being controlled by nition of the contributions that the Na That is because we place a certain evaluation medical means or other means. But political tional Grange has made not only to sup on you Mr. Chairman, that is higher than the power in an a.uth:>ritaria.n state is synon porting vital agricultural policy initia evaluation we put on the Government. In ymous with control over people. Our Gov tives but in working daily to improve the fa.ct, historically looking ahead and looking ernment goes a.t the world a. different way. quality of rural life and maintaining the back in history we can say, governments, Therefore, the very concept of our Nation come and go. The Roman Empire lasted 1,000 is being contested at that point where an strength of American farm families. yea.rs, 500 yea.rs, but it does not exist any independent, freestanding human being con Since its founding the National Grange more. The people do. rn the religious churches fronts authority, especially absolute author and its individual members have been we even say that people have an eternal des ity. That is why a person like Solzhenitsyn dedicated to the spirit of a free nation tiny, that a person, you-you are going to is so powerful and impressive in his coun and of free agriculture. They have real live forever, Therefore you a.re infinitely more try and in ours. He is a single human being ized so well that a strong agriculture important than the Government. The Gov that stood up to the juggernaut of Sta.Un. based on family farming is indeed the ernment is a vehicle to help you to achieve He is a. world hero. your goals, not the reverse. You are not the The reason Peace Corps volunteers are ad essence of a strong and dynamic America. means for enabling the Government to mired ln foreign countries is because they I take this opportunity to congratulate achieve its goals. are, shall we say, little heroes. They repre the Grange and to express my deep ap Now, what does that mean, really, in terms sent the capacity of human beings to stand preciation to all its members for their un of the Peace Corps? It means that the people up against politics, or political power. That tiring efforts on behalf of American who run the Peace Corps have to believe ls the most precious thing, or one of the agriculture.• enough in the individual American who is most precious things that is in the Peace in it, the person, the human being, to allow Corps. that person freedom to operate; freedom to Again I say, to have that encapsulated or say things when they a.re overseas which may covered over by being a part of the official EXECUTIVE BRANCH FINANCIAL be against the Government policy of the foreign mission of the United States ln a DISCLOSURE COVERAGE: A United States. particular country, I think, would be a BETTER APPROACH In the early days of the Vietnamese busi grievous mistake. ness I was still with the Peace Corps and the I was an Ambassador in France, and it is White House used to get annoyed when some nice to talk about all the coordination that people, some volunteers in some country is going to happen, how effective all the HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN would be saying that the United States coordination is going to be in .every one OF FLORIDA should not be going into Vietnam, and were of these foreign countries because every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES opposing the war in Vietnam when the White body is in one agency here in Washington. House was sending troops in. I would get Well, allow me to assure you, although it Monday, April 24, 1978 calls saying, "What are the guys you've got looks good on paper, it does not work out e Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, the joint down there"-in Chile or some pla.ce-"what that way, really, when you are out there in substitute to title II, part A, of H.R. l, the a.re they doing? They are contesting us." the front lines. The Ambassador, or the AID Ethics in Government Act, which will be The philosophy of the U.S. Government, I director, or the CIA director, does not really believe, by God, is that they have a right to effectively coordinate all the agencies; nor offered by my colleague Mr. STRATTON, is con test tha. t, even if they are being paid as in fact, with respect to the Peace Corps, can the joint product of work performed by volunteers by the U.S. Government. he or she do it because, if the Peace Corps the Committees on Post Office and Civil Now, first of all, there a.re very few govern is going to be run properly, it is spread all Service and Armed Services. ments in the world that believe that today. over the country. It would take the ICA, or In developing financial disclosure rules Consequently, when the Peace Corps volun AID, or the new director of the total foreign for executive branch civilian employees. teers are just walking around the street in a.n agency, foreign development agency, it my colleagues and I on the House Post African, or South American, or Asian coun would take him months just to get a.round Office and Civil Service Committee were try, that volunteer-ma.le or female-ls like to find the Peace Corps volunteers. It would •a. walking advertisement of the philosophy of the general opinion that no traces of take him 2 weeks just to do the Ph111ppines. the present financial disclosure system of this country. It ls almost like lighting up So, you have tu understand that this idea a. Coca-Cola. sign if you are trying to sell for new legislation, this Washington idea for executive branch employees should Coca-Cola. in Tndonesia.. you know, these people who have Ph. D.'s in be left intact and that Congress should, A Peace Corps volunteer becomes a. symbol public administration, their idea where they by statute, enact a comprehensive finan of what this country is all about. I can guar have a cha.rt as big as the wall behind you cial reporting system to apply to all ex antee you, that Peace Corps volunteer is a and everybody is in it, according to a Ph. ecutive branch employees, whatever their more effective advertisement of the philos D. thesis, that plan is terrific on that wall, grade levels. The simple reason for this ophy of the United States than $100 million but that ls not what happens in the field. because dollars are only money. Everybody approach is that the present financial re It ls like the GHQ of General Marshall in porting system, operated pursuant to Ex thinks we have a lot of money, so, what dif the Pentagon in the war, it is not very closely ference does it make 1! we give away $100 related to what happens in the trenches in ecutive Order 11222, has been a disaster. million. They just say, "You have more, give Gua.da.lca.nal. Now, the Peace Corps is like H.R. 1 would let this disaster stay in us more." being in the trenches in Guadalcanal, as existence. The Stratton substitute will But a Peace Corps volunteer-repeat- compared to be in the Pentagon in World abolish it, and I urge my colleagues to symbolizes the entire theoretical position, War II. What you have to have in the support it. The following discussion of philosophical and political idea. of America. trenches is independently qualified, highly this issue of di.tf erence between H.R. 1 And to that extent they are the greatest trained, highly motivated human beings who and the joint substitute will be helpful in advertisement we can send overseas. a.re w111ing to lay down their lives. That is this regard: Now, it ls a little different for the Peace what the Peace Corps at its best ought to Corps than a private voluntary agency. A be in the trenches, so to speak. SOOPE OF COVERAGE private voluntary agency is sensational, I am That, really, can be achieved only 1f it has The joint substitute and H.R. 1 are similar a.11 for it. But since they a.re privately fi a.n independent status here ln Washing as to the civilian employees whom they cove::: nanced they do not have the mark of the ton. Thank you.e as to public disclosure. One glaring omission Government on them. When a private vol in H.R. 1, however, is that ethics counselors unteer ls over there he ls not looked upon those who wlll be reviewing the public re or she is not looked upon-as a.n agent of ports of others-will not have their own re the United States in any sense. But a Peace GRANGE WEEK ports ma.de publicly available if, indeed, they Corps volunteer is. A Peace Corps volunteer, have to file them at all. -therefore, becomes an anoma.ly--difficult, The far greater failure of H.R. 1 is to grap maybe impossible to pigeonhole; that is why HON. THOMAS S. FOLEY ple with the system of confidential financial the Soviet immediately characterized the disclosure covering lower level Federal em Peace Corps as agents of the CIA and still OF WASHINGTON ployees. Under H.R. 1, the financial reporting do. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES system established and administered under I have talked to them over in Russia. about Monday, April 24, 1978 Executive Order 11222, the same system that many times in the last 5 yea.rs. And whose failure has re!:ulted in the need for even today they cannot understand the idea • Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, the week of financial disclosure legislation, will remain 111 that the Government of the United States April 23-29 marks the celebration of place. Under the joint substitute, E.O. 11222 April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11257 will be overridden and all financial report ·the alarm about the Saudis, and it was the the gyration in the agency's estimates and ing-public and conf!dential-w111 be pur· CIA that had provided Carter with the am had further reported that between Novem suant to statute. munition for his warning. ber and February the CIA had lopped 5 Inil The problems with E.O. 11222 have been Carter acknowledged his debt to the CIA llon barrels a day off the "surplus produc immense. Review of the 21 General Account during his television appearance. In so doing, tion" capability of the 13 members of OPEC ing Otnce reports issued in the la.st three he also acknowledged the dependence of the (Organization of Petroleum Exporting years upon its effectiveness find little of it White House and of Congress on the CIA in Countries). worth salvaging. It has been overapplied, the formulation of domestic energy policies. The confusion sowed by all this in the underapplied, misapplied, and i:µterpreted by For good or 111, the CIA is the government's international oil community carried a special whims. Although the GAO has estimated that most important single source of interna irony, since that community ls heavily pop 80,000 employees are in positions which tional energy information, including esti ulated with present and former CIA people. should require the filing of reports under the mates of how much is out there and how They include: Order, nobody is certain that they are, no much is available to the United States. Schlesinger, a CIA director in the Nixon body is certain that their reports are ac This may seem both unfortunate and sin administration. curate, and nobody is certain how many Fed ister to the agency's critics. It is an inevi Walter McDonald, former director of the eral employees whose positions do not just table and sensible role for the agency in the CIA's energy analysis section, who is now a ifiy reporting are being required to report minds of others, including the respected in Schlesinger aide a.s deputy assistant secre through misinterpretation. ternational energy expert at the Library of tary of energy for international affairs. J.. The joint substitute replaces the Executive Congress, Herman Franssen. Frank Pagnotta, another Schlesinger aide, 't'.rder with a statute containing understand "The CIA," he says, "probably has the best who worked for the CIA's deputy director. able guidelines. The types of positions which act in town. Nobody else can do it; the only Phillp Woodside, the international oll spe may, by the director of the Otnce of Govern other source would be the companies." cialist for the General Accounting Otnce, who ment Ethics, require filing are spelled out. Energy Secretary James R. Schlesinger Jr. spent more than a decade with the CIA as They include positions involving investiga says the CIA's role in making estimates of an oil analyst in the Middle East and Latin tions, inspection, or auditing with respect to foreign oil capacity in connection with the America. civil or criminal law enforcement or author domestic energy plan is to be expected, George W. Cave, the CIA station chief in ity with respect to awarding grants sub "given that the CIA has been at work for Saudi Arabia, who is a former Aramco em sidies, licenses, contracts, or other benefits- years on the question of estimating . . . ploye. positions in which conflicts of interest may the trends in foreign capacity and foreign Raymond H. Close, the former CIA station occur. The number of Federal employees who intentions with regard to production." chief in Saudi Arabia, who retired from the could file under the joint substitute would be "What falls outside of the traditional com agency last year and now works for the about the same. The assurances that the pass of the intelligence community is that Saudis. right employees are designated wm be much this has gone public," Schlesinger says. There are, in addition, scores of known or greater.e There is another question about the CIA suspected CIA operatives, alumni and coop and energy policy, however. It is directed at erators with an abiding interest in oil. the agency's capab111ties and the quality of Two of the best known and most respected CIA OFFERS SURPRISING OIL its work. in international oil crlcles are Mike Ameen FIGURES Specifically, there is widespread doubt in of the London otnce of the Mobil 011 Corp., the energy community about the validity of and Jack Bridges, a former congressional aide the CIA report cited by the President la.st who now works for the Saudis as director ot HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN April and about the CIA report cited by the the King Falsel Foundation with otnces in OF OHIO Times in December. Northern Virginia. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The heart of the April report was a CIA They ritually deny CIA ties, but there is prediction that the Soviet Union would be no doubt that they have CIA contacts and Monday, April 24, 1978 importing up to 3.5 mil11on barrels of oil intimate relationships with the Saudis. per day by the mid-1980's. Previously, the • Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, an This web of relationships ls nothing new article appeared yesterday in the Wash assumption had been that the Soviets would in the oil business. For years, the CIA and continue to be self-sutncient in meeting their the international oil companies have worked ington Post about the validity of the oil and gas needs. closely together out of a community of CIA's estimates of international oil re The CIA's revisionist analysis is now un interest. serves. These estimates are the sole data der serious challenge by West European in Frank Jungers, board chairman of Aramco base for the President's crude oil pricing tell1gence agencies, by the Library of Con until last year, ls candid on that point: "For policy. That these estimates are contin gress, by a number of major oil companies, by the Soviets and, somewhat surprisingly, years out there (ln Saudi Arabia) we had ually changing and have been challenged by Schlesinger. a good relationship with the agency, partly in numerous forums can only heighten The same is true of the revisionist analysis because I thought it would make things the unease with which the Congress con of the Saudi oil fields, prepared by the easier." fronts the administration's crude oil CIA's Bureau of Economic Research, classi He said the industry-wide practice was to equalization tax. I am inserting this fied secret and never released except in the maintain "liaison" with the CIA. But involve article into the RECORD so that my col form of a leak to The New York Times. ments sometimes were more direct. Ashland leagues might have the opportunity to The response to the Times' version of the on, for example, said it was surprised to review the background work that has CIA's Saudi report has ranged from ridicule find some years ago that the CIA was using to astonishment. The critics include the the company a.s a cover for an a.gent operat formed the basis for the National Energy State Department, the General Accounting ing abroad. Act: Otnce, the Arabian American Oil Co. (Ar The agency also maintains a network of [From the Washington Post, Apr. 23, 1978] amco), the Saudi government and, to a lesser clandestine contacts with foreign nationals CIA OIL FIGURES RAISE EYEBROWS AMONG extent, Schlesinger. operating state-run oil companies. It may be EXPERTS In summary, the CIA claimed that the coincidence, but the CIA compound in Saudi (By Richard Harwood and J.P. Smith) Saudi oil fields were, in effect, wearing out, Arabia ls located directly across the street partly because of mismanagement, and that from the Ministry of Petroleum and Minerals. This is a story about the Central Intem their abillty to produce oil was far less than These contacts have paid off frequently. gence Agency and the domestic energy poli previously believed. cies of the American government. Years before the Mexican government made It begins, in a public sense, last April, This revisionist conclusion may have been public its extensive oil finds in Chia.pas a.nd when President Carter revealed in a tele reflected in the unexplained gyrations that Tabasco, the CIA circulated top-secret re vision appearance that he had received "dis began appearing in December in the CIA's ports that Mexico was sitting on bllllons of turbing" new findings about world energy biweekly reports on world oil supplies. barrels of oil. These reports grew out of supplies. In November, the agency estimated the contacts with Petroleum Mexlcanos (Pemex) There is less oil and gas available in the productive capacity of the Saudi fields at the state oil company. world, he said, than the government had 11.5 million barrels a day. In December, that With the rise of new technologies, the CIA previously believed. It was therefore impera estimate was cut to 10.5 million barrels. In has developed ~'her information sources. Spy tive that an energy b111 be passed "to cut January it was cut to 8.8 mllllon barrels. sa.telllte systems track the movement of oll down the waste of energy." These vanishing millions of barrels of oil tankers, conduct aerial surveys, photograph His fears were .. underscored eight months batned consumers of the CIA's lntelllgence drilling operations and collect geographic later, on Christmas Day, when The New York reports. They were further batfied in Feb eVidence of mineral and oil deposits. It.e Times reported that Saudi Arabia, with its ruary, when the CIA again shifted gears and a.gents have also cooperated with the U.S. oceans of oil, may have far less productive reported Saudi capacity at 10.5 milllon bar Geological Survey. capacity than previously believed. This in rels. Then there ls the time-honored ck'udge formation, said the Times, came from "lead This upward revisions, according to Schles work, the collection of data from thousands ing energy experts." inger, was "a result of certain articles in The of technical publications, newspapers, jour It wa~ in fact, the CIA which had raised Washington Post,'' articles that had reported nals and ra.dio broadcasts. 11258 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 From all these source8---6ples, friends, "We found," he said, "that the CIA was and Flint Open School. Pattie also fun satell1tes and statistical tomes-come the reporting the facts that they wanted to find." special CIA studies and the biweekly energy On oil production, he said, the agency "tend neled her enthusiasm and energy to the estimates that are circulated to senior offi ed to accept a level of production that they'd Social Services for the Hearing Im cials in the White House, the State Depart hoped for without weighing other informa paired, which she served as vice president ment, the National security Council, the En tion." and as a member of its executive board. ergy and Treasury departments and congres A more common allegation is that the Her expertise, enthusiasm, and dedi sional committees. agency has produced gloomy data to give cation have left the hearing impaired of This is the data that ls crucial to govern political support to the Carter energy the Flint area as her beneficiaries. In ment planning and domestic pollcymaking program. deed, I more sensitive to the needs of in the energy field. Asked about the shifting view of Saudi am The dependence on the CIA in these mat production in the CIA report, an administra the hearing impaired because of her ef ters ls reflected. in the comment of an Energy tion official said, "There ls certainly a pollt forts to inform those who were needed Department official who concedes, "The de ical element in it." to understand and help those whom she partment simply does not have the kind of And there even ha.ve been suggestions that served so well.• people on hand to verify the CIA analysis." the agency downgrades the oil capacity of It ls reflected. ln a recent comment by CIA the Saudis in order to influence the three Director Stansfield Turner: "I'm just so pronged relationship between the United ADVICE FOR MR. BLUMENTHAL proud of what we have contributed in the States, Israel and the Arabs. past nine months to the publlc debate on No one has produced any evidence to sup major lS6ues." He was talking about energy. port these allegations, and Schlesinger re HON. TOM HAGEDORN "I intend to keep on With this program," jects them vehemently. "That's ridiculous," OF MINNESOTA he said. "I wm be criticized sometimes for he says. "In my experience I can recall only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES supporting the a.dmlnlstratlon's policy and rare circumstances in which they deviated sometimes for not supporting it." only slightly from what they regarded as the Monday, April 24, 1978 Hls agency's contribution to the "debate" objective truth or could be referred to as on energy ls correct ln the sense he intended [their having] political motivations. I just • Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, while and ln the narrower sense that a lot of the don't think that that's part of it. The agency the recent surge in the stock market has "debate" swirls around the accuracy of the can be wrong as everybody else in this area, been encouraging, it remains more than CIA's Soviet and Saudi studies. but by and large they've done pretty good 20 percent lower than when the present James Akins, the former U.S. ambassador work." administration took office. Treasury to Saudi Arabia, ls something of an energy What has changed, as Schlesinger has Secretary Michael Blumenthal was expert himself. He ls a former director of the noted, is the public emergence of the CIA as quoted recently as stating: . State Department's Office of Fuels and a contributor to domestic policymaking in The Carter Administration has about Energy. the field of energy. Its role in this area in reached the limits of what it can do to make He describes the CIA's woeful analysis of the past was not talked about, and it was business happy.... There's nothing more the Saudi oil fields as "absolutely perni thus not a vulnerable target for examination. we can do. I can't explain the stock market. cious." What ls more, he said, it "gives the That changed last April when President Of course, I am concerned if the stock mar Saudis the perfect excuse to cut production" Carter waved the CIA report before the tele ket goes down, but there's nothing more we a.t a time when U.S. officials are pressuring vision cameras in support of his energy can do. the Saudis to increase production capacity proposals. Well, I can't explain the stock market to avert a worldwide oll supply shortage in He opened the question that has yet to be the next four or five yea.rs. either, but as a public service to Mr. answered fully: how good are the CIA Blumenthal, I would humbly suggest to His skepticism grows, in pa.rt, out of a estimates? e personal experience. Whlle in the State De him that the administration that has partment some years ago, Akins says, he done it all might consider, in addition, headed off a classified. CIA report forecasting A POSTHUMOUS TRIBUTE TO taking just a !ew of the following ac a world tanker shortage. He thought the tions. I have a sneaking suspicion that analysis was questionable. Time proved him PATTIE BLEECKER right. There is a glut of tankers in the world even a market as inscrutable as our own today, and tanker prices and shipping costs might finally perk up a bit. are at their lowest level in decades. HON. DALE E. KILDEE ADVICE FOR MR. BLUMENTHAL This skepticism infects the Saudis and the OF MICHIGAN Consider reducing, by a few dollars, budget Americans who run their oilfields. Abdul IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deficits expected to exceed $60 bill1on in both Aziz Turkl, the deputy petroleum minister, Monday, April 24, 1978 FY 78 and 79, with estimates of the FY said, "We in the Ministry of Petroleum found 79 budget reaching as high as $100 billion. no reason to reply to such reports because • Mr. KILDEE. Mr. Speaker, the hearing The total national debt is likely to exceed they are ridiculous and obviously untrue." impaired community in Flint and the $873 billion by FY 79. The Saudi minister of planning, Hlsham rest of Michigan recently lost one of its Consider reducing, by a few dollars, off Nazer, laughed at the report, while sarcas most effective and devoted leaders with budget deficits expected to exceed $12 bil tically telling an American visitor, "How am lion in FY 79, a 50 percent increase in just I to say this ls not true if it comes from the passing away of Pattie M. Bleeker. two years. your mighty CIA?" Though she is gone, she certainly is not Consider reducing, by a few dollars, the The most rigorous dissent from the CIA's forgotten, and there will be a special first half-trillion dollar budget in our na reported Saudi conclusions came from former posthumous tribute extended in her tion's history, a budget up 15 percent from CIA operative Phillip Woodside, in a report memory on April 29, 1978, by the Social original estimates of FY 78 outlays, and for the GAO. Services for the Hearing Impaired in nearly 25 percent from actual FY 77 out Woodside toured the Saudi fields in Decem lays. ber, and upon his return reported that he Flint. The tribute will be in recognition found no uncommon problems, no evidence of the great work she did in the commu Stop playing games with budget figures in of mismanagement and no technical ob nity as one of the foremost advocates of an effort to portray them as being lower than stacles to much higher levels of production. the hearing impaired who was a sincere they actually are as, for example, by treating The CIA has not replled to these criticisms. and devoted educator. After teaching in expenditures of crude oil equalization tax It has not released its Saudi report or pub dollars as "refunds" rather than outlays, and the Dearborn and Lansing areas, Pattie by making the largest budget cuts in popu llcly acknowledged its existence. Schlesinger returned to her native Flint in the 1960's. talks about the report With the caveat that lar program areas certain to be restored by what he is talking about is "hypothetical." While working in the Flint public Congress. such as veterans' programs, bio So the controversy over the report's valid schools, Pattie developed a special inter medical research, and SBA assistance. ity ls one-sided and, in that circumstance, est and concern for the basic communi Revamp a "zero-based budgeting" cam produces much speculation about the agen cation problems faced by hearing im paign that has resulted only in the zero cy's motives and integrity. paired students. Her intense desire to elimination of Federal agencies, and which In the past and in other areas of study, overcome some of the inherent inequi has resulted. in budget reductions for nearly the CIA's reputation for objection and sensi ties and difficulties of teaching the hear the same number. ble analysis has been relatively good. But ing impaired led to her development of a Quit trying to sell as "stern" and "austere" ln this energy arena, charges are flying about a Federal budget that provides for 70,000 the "political motivation" of the agency. model education program for the deaf. more Federal employees than the previous At the time the CIA's Saudi study was re She utilized her talents and skills as a year's budget; that contains hefty increases ported in the Times, sen. Frank Church (D pioneer in the education of the hearing for such agencies as the National Founda .Idaho) was accusing the agency-in other impaired at Zimmerman Junior High tion for the Arts and Humanities and the connection-of tailoring lts facts to its needs. School, Flint Southwestern High School, Equal Employment Opportunity commission;. April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11259 that contains $2.1 billion in new HEW discre the Office of Civil Rights goes after cheer these instead of blaming the speculators, tionary programs; and that contains sizable leaders, FDA goes after saccharin, Depart the Japanese, and wasteful U.S. energy con spending increases for public service jobs, ment of Agriculture goes after bacon and the sumption. welfare, food stamps, urban renewal, mass Consumer Product Safety Commission goes Resolve to remain firm in opposition to transportation operating subsidies, antl after match m:i.kers. "protectionist" economic impulses. At the smoklng programs, and Federal prison pro Take a break from (a) proposing new same time, reconsider policies which cripple grams. Federal agencies such as the Consumer Pro U.S. business abroad, e.g. increased employee Adopt an energy program aimed at en tection Agency, the Department of Energy, tax liability, DISC phase-out; and policies couraging new energy exploration and de and the Department of Education; (b) in which subsidize our competitors, e.g. palm velopment, rather than one imposing hosts volving Washington in such new areas of oil loans to Indonesia., crude oil entitlements. of new taxes upon the citizenry. These taxes regulation as debtor-creditor relations and Instead of increasing both White House are expected to cost the American taxpayer hospital faclUtles; and (c) expanding the staff and salaries by considerable amounts, a minimum $100 bllllon per year by 1985. regulatory jurisdiction of such agencies as reduce them as you promised during your Stop lending the Administration's support FTC, FDA, EEOC, and EPA. The Federal Reg campaign. to legislation making it more difficult to mine ister set a new record in 1977 of 65,603 pages Stop endorsing 45% pay hikes for Mem coal, develop nuclear power, transport energy with more than 7500 new rules and regula bers of Congress, judges, and high level exec supplies, and produce Outer Continental tions. CPSC goes on regulating matchbooks, utive personnel, and cut back proposed Fed Shelf oil and gas. DOT mandatory airbags, and the BATF eral employee pay raises beyond the 5.5% Re-think tax simplification efforts which handguns. figure. Federal employees already earn far are reported to have resulted in a 100 per Stop proposing $2.4 blllion urban programs more than private sector employees both cent increase in business for H&R Block. which give the American people the same with respect to straight salary and fringe Index the internal revenue code so that sort of warmed-over Great Society that you benefits. individuals are not pushed into higher tax campaigned against. Re-assess the contribu Reconsider your support of Hatch Act re brackets by paper gains in income. Failure tions of a HUD Secretary who warns against forms and Civil Service reforms, both of to "index" the code will cost taxpayers an too much reliance upon the private sector which a.re certain to enhance the power of estimated $270 bllllon over the next five for new housing. mllitant public employee unions. years. Forget about comprehensive National Encourage "your" man at the Federal Re Reduce taxes permanently and across-the Health Insurance. serve to consider reversing the Board's nearly board for individuals and businesses. De-emphasize the cosmetic gimmickries of 50 % increase in the rate of growth of the Instead of imposing increased taxes on in 'zero-based budgeting', sunset laws, re-or money supply during the past year. vestment income, through treating it the ganization, paperwork commissions, and Quit recognizing as legitimate demands same as ordinary income or through raising guidelines for Federal Register prose as sub the re-dlstrlbutionlst economic goals of the the alternative tax, consider instead policies stl tutes for genuine regulatory reform, and Third World. These would include those ex designed to promote capital investment such start mustering up the wlll to make some pressed in the International Law of the Sea as the elimination of double taxation of cor tough decisions. Quit subordinating sub Conference and the on-going North-South porate income, reduction in capital gains stance before form. economic talks, as well as demands that the taxes, reduction in corporate tax rates, in Stop transferring employment from the United States "renegotiate" $500 million in creasing the investment tax credit, or lib private to the public sectors through in loan repayments by Third World countries. eralizing depreciation. The ratio of invest creased public employment programs, in Put the country's national defense policies ment to GNP in the United States ls already creased "counter-cyclical, anti-recessionary" in order. In return for caving in repeatedly less than half of that in countries such as assistance, CETA, and Humphrey-Hawkins. at SALT, foregoing production of the B-1, Japan. Quit supporting such blatantly special in deferring production of the neutron bomb, Lea.sh Jerome Kurtz who seems absolutely terest, union-backed legislation as common cutting back on Naval ship-building, and to salivate at the prospect of taking increased situs picketing, cargo preference, and labor delaying MX and Cruise missile develop shares of the national product for the Fed law reform. While you're at it, ask yourself ment, what have we gotten in return? eral government. Disavow his proposals to why the Administration supported the larg RecC'llsider Administration policies which tax fully fringe benefits, and to require tax est increase in the minimum wage in our are steadily eroding the abllities of the FBI payers to "flag" or bring to the attention of country's history, an increase from $2.30 to and the CIA to carry out their law enforce the IRS "questionable" deductions. $3.35 over a three year period. ment and national security functions. Stifle the demagoguery about "three mar Question the wisdom of a Secretary of Put the country's foreign policy in order. tini lunches" and "tax lopholes", the major Commerce who considers a priority of hers This might include a. re-assessment of (a) a purpose of which ls to pave the way for the the creation of a Social Performance Index 'human rights' policy that combines tough transfer of more income from the private to for businesses. ness toward our allies with obsequiousness the public sectors. Once and for all, make clear that wage and toward the likes of Tito, Gomulka, Brezhnev, Cut the charade of giving the American price controls wlll not be a tool in the Ad Obasanjo, and Nyerere; (b) a. world view people "tax reduction" legislation in 1977 ministration's anti-inflation program. Recog that sees the U.S. as growing in respect with which raised taxes for millions of citizens nize also that controls applied selectively, e.g. Latin America through a surrender of the earning above $13,000 and provided tax "re hospital cost controls, wlll have the same Panama Canal; (c) a. chaotic Middle East bates" to welfare recipients while providing distortive economic effect as controls applied policy; (d) continued indifference toward the none to those individuals who paid the most on a more widespread basis. genocide today occurring in Southeast Asia; in taxes; as well as "tax reform" legislation Re-assess the Administration's identifica (e) c. policy that allows international finan in 1978 which would result in higher taxes tion with, and support of racial quotas, cial institutions to dictate foreign policy to for virtually everyone earning more than affirmative action strengthened "anti-dis the U.S. rather than the other way around; $20,000. crimination" efforts in the nation's schools (f) a Southern Africa policy designed to In addition to new income taxes and en and businesses, and regula tlons which asso promote the interests of Marxist, terrorists ergy taxes, stop burdening the productive cla te handicapped citizens and drug addicts in that part of the world; and (g) the contri sector of the economy with huge new Social as equal victims of discrimination. buticns of Andrew Young in the development Security taxes and unemployment compensa Reconsider the Administration's position of our foreign policy. tion taxes. The $227 bllllon Social Security that it ls only a "myth" that the government Repudiate the suggestions of Agriculture tax increase makes it the single largest tax can do very much to combat inflation. Secretary Bergland th.a.t international com increase in our country's history, a tax on Downplay the "jawboning" of steel price modity cartels a.re the best way to organize work. increases and the like immediately after ac the world economy. Quit trying to redistribute income with ceding to a. trend-setting 39 % pay increase Re-assess the contributions made to good every new program. The weal thler half of the for coal miners, a. pay increase accompanied public policy by the hordes of 'public inter country already pays 94 % of its taxes, while by no provisions for increases in productivity. est' group alumni that are populating your the wealthiest 1.4% pays nearly a quarter ot Slow down the Federal government's rush Administration. its taxes. to take control of hundreds of thousands of Stop proposing welfare reforms which add acres of land throughout the country, clos Do something to ease the burdens placed millions to the welfare rolls and add bllllons ing such lands entirely to mining, logging, upon small businessmen by uninterpretable to the cost, and food stamp reforms which and virtually all developmental uses. Wash Federal pension regulations, and by heavy do the same thing. Reconsider your opposi ington already owns or controls 80 % of na product 11ab1Uty insurance premiums. tion to "workfare" proposals, and your sup tion's coal supplies. Refuse t:> extend Federal assistance to New port of HEW disablUty regulations which wlll Restrict the more "innovative" anti-trust York City for a second time in order to pre sharply increase ellglblUty for welfare. efforts of the Justice Department and the vent their bankruptcy. Support elimination of out-dated Federal FTC, including "prlce-slgnall1ng", "shared Stop trying to nationalize flood insurance statutes such as the Davis-Bacon and the monopolies", etc. Discontinue support of and federalize automobile insurance. Jones Acts which cost American citizens bil parens patriae anti-trust suits, legal sub Hire yourself a new Assistant Secretary of lions of dollars in inflationary labor costs. sidies for interest group litigation, etc. Education, one that doesn't look to the Peo Rein in a bureaucracy in which HEW goes Recognize realistically the root ca.uses for ple's Republic of China as a model for the after smokers. EPA goee after commuters, the plight of the U.S. dollar and attend to United States. 11260 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 Push for changes in the new 'carry-over' was a familiar face to many employees at Chicago (6,978,947); Philadelphia (4,817,914); basis provisions of the estate tax la.ws. the Campbell and Brier Hill plants. He Detroit (4,199,931); Washington area (2,861.- Recommend amendments to the Clean Air also regularly attended weekly super 123); Boston (2,753,700); Pittsburgh (2,401,- Act that wlll permit increased industrial 245); Dallas-Fort Worth (2.377,979); St. Louis development and remove from EPA life-and visors' meetings at Youngstown Sheet (2,363,017); Baltimore (2,070,670); Cleveland death authority over the developmental goals & Tube to keep up with business trends. (2,064,194); and Newark, N.J. (2,054,928). of communities throughout the country. After 21 years with the Bulletin, Salt re Americans are always hunting for new Repudiate the centralized planning objec tired, and became a freelance writer. methods of doing things or inventing new tives of the Humphrey-Hawkins Act, a.nd fur Salt's award-winning "My America" products. Of more than 300 great inventions ther recognize that voluntary price restraints series recently appeared in the Boardman and scientific discoveries, approximately 60 are not only incompatible with a free enter News. He explains that his purpose in percent are credited to the United States and prise economy but impossible within it. the other 40 percent to the rest of the world. Prices are set through competition, not writing the series is three!old: The United States is credited for the add through the individual preferences of busi My objective is to make people more aware ing machines, Addressograph, aerosol spray, ness enterprises.e of the country in which they live and more air brakes used on railroads, the motorized appreciative of that country, as well as focus airplane and airplane automatic pilot; the on the American economic system that makes hydro airplane, electric auto, auto self MR. ED SALT, OF YOUNGSTOWN, this country the greatest in the world and starter, bifocal lenses for spectacles, bottling OHIO, PRESENTS "MY AMERICA" also to refiect the cost of independence that machine, cameras producing almost instant was won over 200 years ago. pictures in black and white and color, cash SERIES register, cotton gin, electric fan, grain har Mr. Speaker, it is with great pleasure vester, mower and reaper; movies, Kodak, and pride that I present the first install electric light, turret lathe, linotype and mon HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY ment of Ed Salt's "My America" series. otype for setting type for the printing indus OF OHIO From time to time, I will be inserting try, Mason canning jar. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these articles in the CONGRESSIONAL Microphone, talking movies, nylon and Monday, April 24, 1978 RECORD because they deserve the atten rayon, paper machine, ball point and foun tion and consideration of all of us. tain pens, phonograph, color photography, e Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Ed The article follows: photo film which made the glass photo plate Salt, a long-time resident and journalist obsolete, safety pin, revolving chamber pistol, of Youngstown, Ohio, has recently pro FABULOUS LAND cast iron plow and disc plow, rotary and web A little more than 200 years ago, a new printing presses, punch card accounting. vided me with his series of newspaper nation was born. It was given the name "The Radar, radio beacon, safety and electric articles entitled "My America." United States of America" and was composed razors, repeating rifie, rubber vulcanizing, This series recently won the Freedoms of 13 colonies stretched along the Atlantic sewing machine, alloy steel, submarine and Foundation of Valley Forge's George OOast. submarine torpedo, telegraph and teletype Washington honor medal for its con In two centuries this nation's population machines, radio and automatic telephones, tribution to the appreciation and under has grown from less than 3,000,000 to more electronic television. automatic toaster, elec standing of our American heritage. I than 215,000,000. In land area it has grown tric trolley cars, typewriter, electric vacuum commend Mr. Salt for his winning series. from less than 1,000,000 to more than 3,500- cleaner, electric washer, electric welding, 000 square miles. barbed wire and the zipper. Mr. Salt has been one of Youngstown's The United States contains only six per I like My America. It's a fabulous land and best-known newsmen for over 50 years. cent of the world's land area and population. we have a lot going for us.e Born in the tiny Columbiana County In area, it is smaller than Canada and smaller village of Salineville, Mr. Salt spent a than China. It is a little larger than Australia Ohio Northern University. Prior to enter and a little larger than Brazil. It ls less than HUMANITARIAN EFFORTS LAUDED ing the journalism profession, Mr. Salt half the size of Soviet Russia. year studying electrical engineering at Yet we have 50 per cent of the world's worked as a mould runner in a pottery wealth. We manufacture ea per cent of the HON. EDWARD J. MARKEY factory, a laborer in a brickyard, a rail world's goods; drive 58 percent of the world's OF MASSACHUSETTS automobiles and talk on 56 per cent of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES road "gandy dancer," and a motor tester. world's telephones. In 1922, his newspaper career began as If the world's total population of more Monday, April 24, 1978 a cub reporter for the Alliance Review, than four billion people were reduced to one thousand, fewer than 300 would be white • Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, we are all where he worked for 8 years. He left the aware of the disastrous storms that rav Review to become editor of Trip Topics, and only 53 would be Americans. The 53 Americans would have half the world's total aged our country this past winter. Massa a magazine for the Utilities Service Co. income while the other half would be divided chusetts was particularly hard-hit, and which operated telephone and power among 947 persons. parts of my district, the Seventh District, lines, ice plants, and an electric railroad. Our gross national product (the value of took the brunt of those storms. Thou The depression ended Mr. Salt's editor goods and services) in 1975 amounted to sands of people were forced to evacuate ship at that publication, and he subse $1,516,338,000,000--three times what it was their homes, and the property damage quently became a police reporter and in 1960. Our national income--received by more than 90,000,000 workers in wages, sala was enormous. Many people and organi photographer for the old Youngstown zations came to the aid of those who were Telegram. When the Telegram merged ries, and fringe benefits, plus income from farm, business and professional activities and hurt by the storm. For all of their help with the Youngstown Vindicator, Mr. corporation profits-amounted to $1,207,584,- I give my heartfelt thanks. In particular, Salt worked briefly for the Columbus 000,000. This was nearly three times what it I would like to express my sincere grati Citizen, but he returned to Youngstown was in 1960. Our closest rival is Japan where tude to, among others, Allegheny Air to open a Vindicator news bureau in the gross national product is less than one lines, the Heinz U.S.A. Co., and the Sharon, Pa. While at the Vindicator, he third of ours. Campbell Soup Co. These three groups worked as a reporter, photographer, as In comparison, Canada's gross national provided great relief to our area by sup sistant city editor, and, during World product was $118,900,000,000; West German plying food to our citizens and trans War II, as acting city editor. $348,170,000,000; France, $255,060,000,000 and Australia $52,160,000,000. Our gross national porting that food free of charge. Such In 1945, Mr. Salt became editor of the product is greater than the USSR (Soviet humanitarian efforts should not go un Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co.'s Bul Russia), West Germany and France com noticed. I would like to enter my letters letin, a publication with both Youngs bined. of appreciation to these three groups into town and Chicago district editions. As an Of the 68 largest cities in the world, 13 are the RECORD so that we may all be aware industrial editor, he was committed to in the United States. New York, with a 1970 of their fine and commendable efforts: explaining the end uses of steel products. population of more than 16 million, is the FEBRUARY 15, 1978. Consequently, he traveled extensively, world's largest. It is followed by Tokyo, Mr. RAYMOND S. PAGE, Jr., from the mining fields of Minnesota to Japan, the second largest, with an estimated UP. Government Relations, Campbell Soup the oil wells of the Southwest. As the 11,612,311 in 1973; Shanghai, China with an Co., Campbell Place, Camden, N.J. editor of an employee's publication he estimated 10,820,000 in 1970 and Mexico City DEAR MR. PAGE: On behalf of all the storm with an estimated 10,766,791 in 1974. victims who have had their lives made a little felt just as strongly that he should be Based on our nation's 1970 census, other knowledgeable about al phases of the easier thanks to the generosity of the Camp American cities with two million or more peo bell Soup Company, ~a.y I offer my sincere manufacturing operation. There!ore, he ple, were Los Angeles-Long Beach (7,032,075); thanks. April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11261 Campbell's donation of thousands of cases Sodium Citrate, Disodium Phosphate, salt, THE CURRENT CHALLENGES IN ELEMENTARY PAR of canned goods came at a critical time when Artificial Color and Sorbic Acid (a preserva TICLE PHYSICS individuals and famllies were desperately in tive)); Bread Crumbs Enriched Flour (Wheat 'Elementary particle physics has evolved need of s:::me good, hot food. Flour), Niacin, Reduced Iron, Thiamine Hy rapidly over the past decade, so that our Campbell's exemplary humanitarian efforts drochloride, Riboflavin), Corn Syrup, Sugar, view on the structure of matter at its most during our time of need will remain promi Vegetable and/or Animal Shortening {Con fundamental level is dramatically different nent in the memories of Massachusetts citi tains one or more of following: Hydrogenat.ed from what we learned and taught only two zens for years to come. We are deeply grateful. Soybean Oil, Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil, decades ago. It is now understood that por Sincerely, Hydrogenated Palm Oil, Lard), Salt, Yeast, tions, neutrons, and mesons as well as the EDWARD J. MARKEY, Whey, Soy Flour, Dough Conditioner {Sodium myriad of erstwhlle "elementary" particles Member of Congress. Stearoyl-2-Lactylate), Yeast Nutrients (Con are not themselves fundamental entities but tains one or more of the following: Mono that they in turn are composed of more FEBRUARY 15, 1978. Calcium Phosphate, Calcium Sulfate, Am elementary constituents. The concept of Mr. F.tANK ZusEL, monium Chloride, Potassium Bromate), Cal these constituents, generally referred to as Customer Service Manager, Allegheny Air cium Propionate to retard spoilage; Mar "quarks", has permitted a general and uni lines, Logan International Airport, E. Bos garine {Liquid Corn Oil, Partially Hydro fying explanation of what threatened to ton, Mass. genated Soybean Oil, Water and/or Pas.. become a mushrooming plethora of many DEAR MR. ZusEL: On behalf of all the storm teurized Skim Milk and/or Nonfat Milk, Salt, kinds of particles, just as the Periodic Table victims who have had their lives made a little Lecithin, Artifl.cial Flavor, Colored With of Elements and the subsequent understand easier thanks to the generosity of Allegheny Carotene and Vitamin A Palmitate). ing of the structure of the atom over 50 Airlines, may I offer you and your company years ago led to an understanding and sys my sincere thanks. Is this really more informative? tematization of the hundred or so chemical Truly, if it were not for the humanitarian Is this the intent of Congress? • elements. efforts of Allegheny, the expeditious shipment With the quarks concept of particle struc of thousands of pounds of canned goods do ture we have reached a new level in the hier nated by the Heinz and Campbell companies, APPROPRIATIONS TESTIMONY archical structure of matter, continuing would have not been possible. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS downward to the increasingly microscopic, Your company has performed an exemplary a sequence that may now be arranged as: service to the people of Massachusetts. We are crystal, molecule, atom, nucleus, particle, deeply grateful. HON. CARL D. PURSELL and quark. Sincerely, OF MICHIGAN We know with some certainty that there EDWARD J. MARKEY, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S are at least four kinds of quarks, and there Member of Congress. is new evidence from experiments last year Monday, April 24, 1978 at the Fermi National Accelerator Labora FEBRUARY 15, 1978. tory, that there may be a fifth quark. The RICHARD B. PATTON, •Mr. PURSELL. Mr. Speaker, on questions now begged include the following: President, Heinz U.S.A., Pittsburgh, Pa. April 12, 1978, I had the honor of intro (1) Are there additional new quarks? If DEAR MR. PATTON: On behalf of all the ducing three distinguished professors so, how many and what are their masses and storm victims of eastern Massachusetts who from the University of Michigan-which other properties? have had their lives made a little easier I represent-to the House Public Works (2) What is the nature of the forces that thanks to the generosity of the H.J. Heinz Appropriations Subcommittee. The testi bind quarks together? How do they interact, Company, may I offer my sincere thanks. mony concerned a topic which is crucial and how can we understand the observable The Heinz donation of thousands of cases properties of our "elementary" particles in to all of us-alternative sources of terms of their quark constituents? of canned goods came at a critical time when energy. Prof. Lawrence W. Jones spoke many familles were desperately in need ot (3) May there be an internal structure to some good, hot food. about elementary particle high energy the quark? Your company's exemplary humanitarian physics. Prof. Terry Kammash addressed (4) Where are the quarks? In spite of the efforts during our time of need wlll remain the question of magnetic fusion energy success of the quark model, free, independent prominent in the memories of Massachusetts research. Solar energy was discussed by quarks remain very elusive, and a theoretical Dr. John A. Clark. Realizing the tremen structure has evolved to explain the apparent citizens for years to come. We are deeply permanent confinement of quarks into the grateful. dous importance of new energy sources, observed particles. And yet, to many physi Sincerely, the subcommittee received this testimony cists, the explanation is unsatisfying and the EDWARD J. MA-a.KEY, with interest. Therefore. over the next 3 search for free quarks remains a challenge. Member of Congress.e days, I would like to share this testimony I have noted here but one of the areas in with you, as I believe each man addressed particle physics which is currently experi COMMENT ON FOOD LABELS an area which we should be more aware encing a rapid conceptual advance. On an of. other front, we seem to be on the verge of Today, I would like to present the a comprehensive understanding of the HON. PHILIP M. CRANE "weak" interaction, that force which governs testimony of Prof. Lawrence W. Jones on most radioactive decay. A crucial prediction OF Il.LINOIS high energy physics: in the theory concerns the existence of very IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES My name is Lawrence W. Jones, I am a massive fundamental bodies, the "inter Monday, April 24, 1978 Professor of Physics at the University of mediate vector bosons". These cannot be Michigan, and I would like to address the produced at any existing accelerators and • Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, for those question of support for the Department of must await fac111ties now under construc who have recently been exposed to some Energy program of basic research in the area tion, due to the great energies required for Government commercials stating "Have of elementary particle high energy physics. their formation. The observation of these you read a good label recently?" the fol I have been continuously active in the area bosons with their predicted properties would of elementary particle experimental research be a landmark in our understanding of the lowing will make interesting reading. If weak interaction without parallel. the Congress cannot pinpoint all of the for over 25 years as a member of the Uni versity of Michigan faculty. My research has The single, most important parameter of reasons why food costs have been going included work on the development of new our laboratory facilities for studying the up, here is an easy one: particle accelerators and detection devices as structure of matter at its most fundamental LABELING OF FOOD PRODUCTS 1978 well as experiments on the nature of ele level is energy, and it ~s this toward which HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH? mentary particules and their reactions. I current developments in our program of fa Recipe--Macaroni and Cheese Casserole: have done experiments at facilities built c111ties development and construction is di under the auspices of the Atomic Energy rected. Raising the energy is equivalent to 1 cup Grated American Cheese. Commission at the Berkeley Lawrence Radia examining a system with a more powerful 4 oz. Macaroni.· microscope. The laws of physics teach us that % cup Bread Crumbs. tion Laboratory, the Brookhaven National 3 tbsp. Margarine. Laboratory, the Argonne National LabOra higher energy is necessary to probe smaller 1977--4 Ingredients: Macaroni, Cheese, tory, and (currently) the Fermi National Ac dimensions. The rapid strides in our progress celerator Laboratory, as well as at the Euro in this area over the past few years is a di Bread Crumbs, Margarine. pean Nuclear Research Center {CERN). rect consequence of the energies made avail INGREDIENT DECLARATION 1978 I am not a member of any board, panel, or able by the CERN storage rings, the Stanford Macaroni and Cheese Casserole committee of the Department of Energy nor Electron-Positron Storage Ring, SPEAR, and 1978-53 Ingredients: Macaroni {Durum of any of its laboratories or fac111ties, and the Fermilab 400 GeV proton synchrotron. and Patent Flour, Niacin, Sodium Iron Phos my own research program is supported by And yet cosmic ray experiments at energies phate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Riboflavin); grants from the National Science Founda well beyond those available in any current Ainerican Cheese (Water, Cream, Milk, tion. fa.cmty hint at phenomena totally unantici- 11262 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 pated by current theories and by experi cla.lly) of the three, and its funding ls at the glme thus made accessible will productively ments at existing accelerators. Whereas the lowest, slowest level. How11ver, its potential occupy an intensive experimental effort at cosmic ray intensity at these energies ls quite for very significant advances in our under each of these three fac1lities for many years, inadequate to study most of the predicted standing a.re so very great that I personally and that the progress of physics will thus be challenging phenomena. such as the inter believe that it may yield a research pay most productively served. mediate vector bosons, these observations off quite out of proportion to the investment. United States physicists are understand offer an outstanding challenge to our com The Energy Doubler was originally con ably eager to be the first to explore this scien prehension of elementary particle physics. ceived as a means of doubling the Ferml tific no-man's-land, however the CERN pro THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL LABORA- lab accelerator energy through addition of gram ls well funded and staffed, and ls sched TORIES AND UNIVERSITY USERS a second ring of magnets in the same tunnel, uled for operation in the early 1980's. With the new magnets a.re to be superconducting proper financial support, the Fermllab antl The Department of Energy program in and thus achieving over twice th•1 field proton-proton fac111ty could mount experi support of research in elementary particle strength and hence twice the particle energy ments in 1981, due to the Energy Doubler physics, together and in cooperation with of the present facility. This objective en progress to date. that of the National Science Foundation, ls tirely justifies the cost and effort required. The Fermllab Energy Saver-Doubler ap based on two elements: the faclllties at the The Fermllab accelerator, thus upgraded, pears in the President's FY 79 budget as a national laboratories and research centers, will provide beams of neutrinos, mu mesons, $10 million construction and a $5 mllllon op and the community of physicists in the pl mesons, and other secondary particles eration items in a total Fermllab budget ot major universities of the nation. Whereas the more energetic by more than a factor of two $84.4 m1111on. Regrettably the budget history spokesmen for the national laboratories have than any other facillty on ~arth. In addi of the project has been one of cutbacks and articulately stated their program needs, I be tion, the superconducting magnets will slowdowns, leading most recently to the res lieve that those of us in the universities who achieve this energy increase with a great re ignation of the laboratory director. I urge make use of the national fa.clllties may have duction in electric power, leading to suffi most strongly that this budget be supported been less vocal In our support of this pro cient economies to pay for the cost of the and increased if at all possible. gram. I should like to emphasize the essen program over a. period of several years. tial dependence of our research program in SUMMARY elementary particle physics at the University And yet the most exciting potential re Elementary particle high energy physics of Michigan for example, on the continued search use of the Energy Doubler appears to has significantly altered our comprehension vitality and federal support of the national me to be as a collldlng beam storage ring. of the fundamental nature of matter in re fa.clllties at Stanford, Argonne, Brookhaven, This role, less apparent in the early discus cent yea.rs. Developments in accelerator tech and Fermilab. sions of the Doubler and in its justification nology now make possible dramatic increases The United States has a remarkable record before D.O.E. and Congress, had evolved over in the energy available with the accelerator since 1945 in this area of science as indeed in the past two years to a point where it has fac1litles at our national laboratories through most of science and technology. Our share of generated a very high level of excitement collldlng beams. Cosmic ray experiments, the world's major discoveries and inventions among many physicists. The Energy Doubler theoretical predictions, and past experience has been quite out of proportion to our fi will make possible collisions of 150 GeV pro all strongly suggest remarkable new discov nancial investment in research. I believe that tons stored in the existing accelerator ring eries and advancements in knowledge will our success ls due in no small part to our with 1000 GeV protons in the Energy Doubler flow from experiments with these fac111t1es. ring, achieving an energy in the center-of As a university scientist, I am concerned integration of the most advanced research mass of 800 GeV, equivalent to a high energy lnto the graduate-and undergraduate-edu proton of about 300,000 GeV incident on a over the level of support of these laboratories cational programs of the great universities. stationary target. The Energy Doubler ring and the rate of construction of these new fa ls to c1llties, particularly of the Energy Doubler This In marked contrast the system in could also be used to contain counter-rotat some other nations where most research is ing protons and antlprotons on the same Saver at the Fermi National Accelerator Lab isolated in large research institutes, and a orbit, and colllslons of these two beams, each oratory. I respectfully urge you to support quite separate group of scholars are involved of 1000 GeV, would provide an energy of 2000 the entire elementary particle physics pro at the universities in the education of stu GeV in their center-of-mass, equivalent to gram of the Department of Energy and to dents. And yet huge particle accelerators are an antlproton of about 2,000,000 GeV inci assist it in achieving the rich potential which beyond the scope of single universities to dent on a stationary proton target! This most ls now apparent.e build and staff; the existence of the national remarkable feat is possible with Intensities laboratories ls logical and necessary. But I and interaction rates of interest using a com urge continued cognizance of these two facts; bination of very ingenious tricks and sophis that the universities and their faculties are ticated new technology. The energies which IOWA SUPPORT FOR THE BOUND an essential part of this national program, will thus become available are 1000 times the ARY WATERS Wll..DERNESS ACT and that the central faclllties at the national highest energy currently achieved with par laboratories are essential to the programs in physics education and research at the uni ticle accelerators (60 GeV center-of-mass, versities. equivalent to 2000 GeV on a stationary target HON. DONALD M. FRASER at the European Nuclear Research Center). OF MINNESOTA THE CURRENT FUNDING CRISIS AND THE FERMI The energies encompassed by this faclllty LAB ENERGY DOUBLER-SAVER will comfortably exceed those at which re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Our national preeminence in this area of markable and mysterious cosmic ray phe Monday, April 24, 1978 science ls currently threatened by the in nomena are reported, and wm permit a quan- creasingly lavish support extended. to the . titatlve search for the intermediate vector • Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, Minne corresponding research programs in Western bosons noted earlier. Great as the excitement sota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area Europe, the Soviet Union, and the Far East. surrounding this search will be, I find even Hubert Humphrey is to of the people believe Government is wasting description. thank or blame, depending on your view their hard-earned money. It ls not difficult to understand some of point-because he wanted the bill as a whole. We in Congress get p::i.rticularly low marks. the concerns of northeast Minnesotans, for What has changed 1'n 13 years? Use of the Only a third of the public approves of the they involve matters of economics and con BWCA has increased enormously, Olson said. way we do our job. venience. El Lustman, executive director of So has interest in canoeing and in the wil But the public is not the only one who's the Ely Chamber of Commerce, figures that derness experien:::e concept. frustrated with Government these days. 65 per cent of the Ely economy is derived The "wilderness experience" ls hard to de For years, Presidents have complained that from tourism and logging, and that further fine and highly subjective. It ls easily ridi when they push a button to get something restricting BWCA use would hurt the town. culed and can smack of the worst kind of done, nothing happens. President Carter ls Officials of other small towns exores~ed a elitism. At the very least, it means the en learning this painful lesson now. He may fear that federal encroachment on more mu joyment or peace, quiet and isolation. Motors be the President, but up against an en nicipal land would adversely affect their tax destroy the peace. trenched Bureaucracy, an Independent Con bases. There are thousands of lakes and mlllions gress, and well-established special interests, Fraser's blll, however, would increase fed of acres of timberland outside the BWCA, he ls not always in charge. eral payments to local governments in lieu of surely enough for loggers and motorboat en And, believe it or not, some of us mem taxes. And there ls no reason why local econ thusiasts. Compromise, the thrust of the bers of Congress are frustrated as well. omies could not be adjusted to emphasize Oberstar bill, is not necessary. Over the last fifteen years, Congress has the unique, purely wilderness aspect of the Congress must decide between local inter been at the forefront of tremendous eco BWCA. ests and the national interest. Lawmakers nomic and social change. Government has Outfitters with money invested in motors are expected to act soon. Jay Scholtus of Vir labored to produce a Governmental remedy and towboats naturally do not want them ginia, Minn., told the congressmen in Ely: to every injustice and need under the sun. banned in the BWCA. And the elderly and "We have a wilderness treasure on our door Clearly, the Nation hl.S made much prog handicapped who can fsh but not paddle a step." The nation has a wilderness treasure ress as a result. canoe consider motorboats vital. in northern Minnesota. The treasure needs We have made tremendous strides toward Considerable logging has taken place, but the protection only formal wilderness status ra::ial equality. by 1975 a federal District Court had barred will provide it.e We have raised the standard of living for further harvesting of large blocks of virgin many poor Americans. timber. And we h:i.ve provided health care to many The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals over who previously could not afford it. Surely, we all have reason to be proud. turned the lower court's prohibition on log MUSKIE ON SUNSET ging about a year ago, but four timber com Yet today, our Nation has many unmet panies with contracts on six timber stands needs. And they bear a striking resemblance have refrained from cutting until mid-Sep HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD to those we fir.>t addressed through Govern tember to gl ve Congress time to act. Hence ment programs a decade ago. the need for prompt action. OF MICHIGAN Economic opportunities for blacks have While it ls possible to sympathize with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES increased dram:i.tiol.lly. And yet unemploy ment among black inner city youth is a Na those likely to be inconvenienced by BWCA Monday, April 24, 1978 restrictions or affected by a reordering of the tional disaster. local economy, it ls not po"Sible to embrace e Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, re We have not yet eliminated poverty. In the "liberty" argument. "People of Ely are cently the distinguished Senator from deed, we have not even lessened the im balan:e in income distribution between rich also citizens of the United States," said one Maine, EDMUND s. MUSKIE, gave a very motorboat enthusiast. The right to motor to and po:Jr to any great degree. a favorite fishing spot is assumed to be God thoughtful speech on the current public f_nd we still have not cracked the funda given and constitutionally protected. attitude toward Government and the mentl.l hel.lth problem-providing high Lawmakers with the national interest in overwhelming need for us to enact quality c:ue at a cost all can afford. mind wlll discount that contention, and meaningful "sunset" legislation. While We have pursued these and other problems they wlll dl<>count proprietary attitudes to his address would be relevant to our work at no small cost to the Federal budget. ward the BWCA-attitudes like those of Bob at any point, it is particularly timely in And we have reaped an even greater cost, Lessard, a member of the Minnesota Legisla view of the upcoming debate on the first 1n the form of massive frustration with Gov ture, who said: "We can take care of our lands ernment at every turn. up here." budget resolution of 1979. This frustration stems, I believe, not from I would like to share Senator Presumably Lessard would exclude from Government having tried to solve problems his list of exemplary local stewards whoever MusKIE's thoughts with our colleagues, but frcm not having solved them well left a 1950s-v1ntage car ruciting with its particularly· with those who are co enough. bumper almost in the water. True, the heap sponsors of my "sunset" legislation in It stems not from a disenchantment with of metal I paddled past was just outside the the House-the identical version of the the goals we've set-but with a Government BWCA, but ls the mind-set behind such a Muskie bill in the Senate: grown so large and ineffective that it is suf practice left at the edge of the wilderness? focating the very goals it seeks to achieve. REMARKS BY SENATOR EDMUND 8. MUSKIE, The BWCA is a national asset. It should Finding a remedy for this frustration ls ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA, PA., the most important-and dlfficult--challenge be preserved for future generations in a state APRIL 11, 1978 as close to natural as possible. This consider to Government today. For we have little hope tion should prevail over the narrow, short I want to talk to you today about the of solving the truly serious problems we range view of those who would exploit the State of your Government in Washlngton face--from inflation to energy to jobs-as wilderness. Under the Fraser bill, only non A Government of which I am now a part long as Government bears this burden of no motorlzea canoeists, hiker.:;, snowshoers, etc., and which your generation will inherit be trust. would use the BWCA. fore the next decade is out. And I am convinced that we cannot meet Logging would destroy the BWCA's bal The news I bring from Washington ls that challenge unless Government is pre anced ecosystem: it would deprive research Inixed. pared to change its ways. ers of an invaluable gene pool. The BWCA The good news is that for most of us, 1978 In my view, the task of meeting this chal still contains about half a million acres of is a pretty good year. We are coming out of lenge must fall first of all to the Congress. virgin forests. Timber-harvesting practices the worst recession since the 1930's. Unem It is the Congress which ls the arbiter of cannot duplicate nature; forests grow back ployment is slowly but surely colning doV4Jl . national priorities, through the legislation but species are lost. The economy ls slowly but surely picking we enact. up steam. We are at peace abroad and at The logging industry's need for timber It is the Congress which is vested with con from the BWCA is doubtful. Gerald L. Seek, home. We have little immediate reason for complaint. trol over Government spending, through the a lawyer from Walker, Minn., who helped ob . constitutional power of the purse. The bad news is that many of us are un tain an injunction against logging in the And it ls the Congress which has generated BWCA's portal zone, testified that timber easy about the state of national affairs. Un employment may be coming down, but in most of the activities of Government whi<:h cutting in the BWCA is an "iniIf Government has become unresponsive alone. That ought to be enough to meet any high, government spending replaces private to the people, it is the Congress which must conceivable need. Yet a comprehensive can consumption, which declines during ha.rd bear much of the blame. For it ls our job cer prevention plan proposed by the State times. not just to take the credit for new programs, of New Jersey early last year has yet to be But as we head into an inflationary pe but to see to it that all ta.x dollars are well funded, because individual Federal agencies riod-which by all accounts we are doing spent. couldn't get together in a joint effort to today-excessive government spending only Today, I believe that Congress ls falling to help the state. makes inflation worse. meet its responsibilities on both important Legislation to remedy this kind of prob That means that over the next few years counts. Instead, we find ourselves increas lem has seldom been used, because each or as long as inflation poses a threat-if we ingly unable to respond to problems which agency insists on going its own separate want to spend more money on a good pro arise. For to a surprising degree the hands of way. Only one state in the country, for ex gram, we're going to have to throw a bad Congress are tied by legislative commitments ample, has succeeded in untangling dozens one out. we've made in the past. of overlapping planning programs into a. This is not lofty rhetoric about making A brief look at some numbers from the single, unified plan. government more effective. It is a hard fact budget illustrates the reason for my concern. of life-one that Congress can ignore only In 1973, the Federal Register contained President Carter's budget for next year will 35,000 pages of rules and regulations gov at subst::mtial political peril to itsO?lf, and at be at least $40 billion larger than last year's devastating economic peril to the nation as erning the way Federal laws are carried out. spending total. a whole. Of that $40 blllion increase, fully three Only four years later, the size of the Reg With all this talk of gloom and doom, quarters is automatically committed before ister had almost doubled, to 65,000 pages. where should Congress go from here? the first budget decision ls made. That $30 Twenty-four States and 44 cities now have For starters, Congress took an important blllion wlll be spent on programs we call their own office in Washington to keep up step toward controlling government spend ''uncontrollable"-programs which mandate with everything the Federal Government ing four years ago, when it adopted the Con certain benefits regardless of cost, and over churns out. gressional Budget Act. In agreeing to budget which neither Congress nor the President ha.s And it's not hard to understand why. reform, Congr:!ss for the first time committed a.ny control save through a.mending or re Many programs overlap. Others work at itself to considering the budget as a whole pealing existing la.w. Uncontrollable spending cross purposes to each other. of setting spending limits each year and includes such programs a.s social security, No agency knows what any other is doing. trying to abide by them. veterans' benefits, medicaid, medics.re a.nd And until recently, many congressional com As chairman of the Senate Budget Com welfare. mittees did not even know how ma.ny pro mittee since that new process began, I can Only $2.5 bllllon of the increase In next grams fell within their jurisdiction. report that our experience so far has been year's budget is available for all other domes In sum, over the last fifteen years, Con mixed. tic needs-education, housing, mass transit, gress has created an array of programs so On the positive side, budget reform has pollution control a.nd many more. complex that government cannot deliver dramatically increased the awareness in Con More shocking than these numbers ls the the very services we've enacted intc; law. gres3 of the costs of actions we t3.ke. budget trend they confirm. Over roughly the What good does it do us to have 29 On the negative side, budget reform has last ten years, uncontrollable spending has different cancer programs when they can't failed to give us the discipline over spending grown from a.bout 55% of the budget to more work together to do the job? that we need. than 75 % of a.11 Federal spending for fiscal What good does it do us to spend billions The temptation to always spend more on 1979. From 1968 to 1977, the budget grew to revive our older cities and at the same existing programs is irresistibly gr2at. And from $180 billion to $400 blllion. Of that time encourage people to leave the cities in our yearly battle between the budget total increase, a. staggering 37% went for three be!lind? and its individual parts, the parts always uncontrollable programs a.lone-social secu The answer is", of course, that it makes no seem to win. rity, medicare a.nd medlcaid. sense at all. So the lesson of budget reform for me is Mea.nwhlle, other spending on which the Why, then, doesn't Congress do something th9.t the process does not go far enough. For public places a. high priority has been to make the system more sane? unless and until Congress gains control over squeezed out. For example, Federal spending The answer to that question lies in the the individual parts of the budget, we will for education ha.s actually grown less than way Congress works. never have truly effective control over the the budget as a whole over this same period. Over the years, Congress has responded to budget as a whole. Why doesn't Congress do something to rein a host of individual problems and needs. We Two years ago, I introduced a bill in the in uncontrollable spending? Because most of have done so with the best of intentions. Senate which I believe can help provide the these programs, in addition to being popular, But we have also done so one program at a kind of extra discipline that we need. Known are almost permanent. They never come up time. as the "sunset" bill, this proposal embodies on a regular basis, for thorough, top-to-bot Today, our good intentions notwithstand a very simple approach. First, it would re tom review. ing, we've accumulated so many programs auire that all Federal programs come up for To be sure, they are amended from time that we have no idea how they all mesh. And r·:!view on a regular b::isis. Only those pro to time. to correct the worst examoles of we have even less idea how much the grams which Congress specifically decided to waste. By and large, thev are protected from public's tax dollars have bought. reenact would remain on the books. the normal political and budget nressures of Pressure to continue all these programs Second, the bill would require that all pro our democratic process. So each year we is strong. grams of similar purpose come up for review watch them devour ever larger amounts of Support for reexamining them simply does at the same time. This provision would give scarce resources. And each year we are left not exist. Every agency, committee and lobby Congress much needed perspective on the with less room in the budget to meet chang wants its own program to not only continue entire Federal effort in an area at once, in ing national needs. but grow. No one is willing to take the risk stead of the usual one pro~ram at a time. To make a bad situation worse. the meteoric that fewer programs might be for the good. When the sunset bill was first introduced, rise in uncontrollable snending is not the As a result, we are all paying the price, it had enormous political appeal. More than only factor tying our hands. Uncontrollable in the form of government immobilized by' half the Senate and over a hundred mem programs are the big ticket Items, and so the past. bers of the House added their names to the thev command the greatest concern. As one who believes strongly in an active bill's support. Butt.he vast ma1oritv of Fee p;:i.st, Opponents of sunset argue that it will two separate offices have health programs unless Congress is willing to mend its ways. create a workload too great for Congress to that they run. And there is another, more tangible threat manage well. They argue that termination In a single office in the Department of which concerns me very much. It is that if i> too heavy-handed an approach to en Housing and Urban develooment, tt>ere is Congress cannot bring spending under con courage program review. one program to promote develonment in in trol, Government may well drive inflation I believe these arguments are a smoke ner cities, and another to encourage develop through the roof. screen for other, more political concerns. ment in the suburbs. In a recession, it is important for govern The real opposition to sunset, I believe, is Of the many health programs we have. ment to spend money to keep the economy rooted in the very system which makes sun there are 29 related to cancer prevention from going dry. When unemployment is set such a good idea-a system that rewards CXXIV--709-Part 9 11266 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 politicians if we pass new programs, but not gress directed the Commission to revise Committee on Interstate and Foreign if we take some away. to be cost effective, nonduplicative, and Commerce, am reiterating the intent ot And sunset, for all its ultimate promise, offers none of us the immediate acclaim we've compatible with present and desired Congress in passing this legislation is come to expect. managerial and responsibility account because I understand there is some mis Over the long haul, sunset can help free ing requirements of the carriers. In or understanding within the industry and up scarce resources-and that will be a der to assure the availability of accu the Commission as to our intent. The boon to us all. Indeed, that is the essence rate and pertinent economic and ac difficulty arises in part from the fact or my support and hard work for this idea counting data, the act specifically di that Congress could not define the vari tor the last two years. rects the Commission to revise the sys ous appropriate economic principles and But others view the sunset idea as a tem of accounts to give due considera terms precisely since, as I observed threat to benefits they've fought hard to win. tion to appropriate economic principles. earlier, the accounting professions could I do not share their worry. And it con As the House Committee on Interstate not provide us with such definitions. cerns me very much. and Foreign Commerce carefully ob In addition, the Commission initially Our national interests are not set in con served in its report of December 12, opposed such a costing methodology. Its crete. And we are not well served by a 1975, on H.R. 10979, it intended these specific objections were set forth in a government which is. principles to include at least peaks in letter to our distinguished chairman, We have a great unfinished agenda-one traffic demand and differences in value Hon. HARLEY 0. STAGGERS, dated Octo begun two hundred years ago. To fulfill it of service. we will need to call on every resource we ber 3, 1974: have. Today, we may all have to forgo Peaks in traffic demand and value of serv In Title VI, new objectionable language has something we want, so that tomorrow we ice are two economic factors which play a been added in section 601. .. . It requires us will have the resources we need. role in determining costs and the use of ca to consider 'peaks in demand' and 'value or We cannot afford a government which does pacity. However, unless such economic !ac service' in determining the apportionment not spend our money well. tors are taken into consideration in the com of common, joint, fixed or common costs to We cannot afford the inflation which wlll putation of costs, all other traffic will be more than one· service or activity. Peaks in come if government does not tighten its burdened with the cost of unused or ex demand and value of service are not use belt. cess capacity. Accordingly, the committee factors to be considered in determination of And we cannot afford a. continuing vote of directed the Commission to devise the sys cost. They are economic considerations which no confidence from the people we a.re bound tem of accounts to give due consideration may play a role in product pricing. These are to serve. to appropriate economic principles in order for use in management decisions and de Sunset offers us one or the few opportuni to assure the availability of accurate and serve consideration in the regulatory process ties I 've seen to respond to these various pertinent economic and accounting data for insofar as setting rates is concerned, but not needs. It may not be a. perfect answer-but essential regulatory purposes including rate as cost considerations. Therefore we strongly I haven't heard anything better. And I think change request, abandonment of facilities, recommend that 'peaks in demand' and we ought to give it a. try. determination of responsibility for peaks in 'value of service' be deleted as mandatory As widely as sunset is reared, it will not demand and cost of service, and issuance of considerations in computation of costs. change the spending patterns of govern securities." Report 94-725, 94th Congress, ment overnight. 1st Session, p. 65 . Suffice it to say, the House of Repre All it can do is open up the political process sentatives rejected the Commission's Thus, Mr. Speaker, it is clear that one argument and adopted H.R. 5385, as through which our democratic system works of the principal goals of Congress in best-so that we can again have a govern amended. A year and a half later, the ment which reassures and unites the hopes of enacting the 4R act was to harmonize Senate joined the House in again man this great land.e the agency's cost and pricing practices. dating the same costing methodology in To be specific, it is the intent of Congress section 307 of the 4R act. I might add, that the Uniform System of Accounts since many railroads are now conglom THE CONGRESSIONAL RAILROAD be revised in such a manner that the erates, it is becoming increasingly dif COSTING PLAN-A $2 BILLION IM cost section of the Commission's Bureau ficult to understand why anyone would PROVEMENT of Accounts will allocate the railroad's contend that appropriate economic fixed, common, joint, and constant costs principles, such as peaks in demand and HON. JOHN E. MOSS on the basis of appropriate economic value of service, should not be considered principles-including peaks in traffic de in determining the rail service costs when OF CALIFORNIA mand and value of service-and that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those same factors are being used by the the tariff sections of the railroads and firm to allocate the expenses associated Monday, April 24, 1978 Commission will relate the railroads' with its lumber, oil, real estate, and other rates to those costs. nonrail operations. • Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, 2 years ago I should interject, for purposes of Congress enacted the Railroad Revitali clarification, that the Commission found Finally, it should be noted that in a zation and Reform Act of 1976, popu in docket No. 34013 that peaks in traffic report to Congress on "The Impact of the larly referred to by the railroad indus demand require added capacity which 4-R Act Railroad Ratemaking Provi try as the 4R Act. The purpose of the act is idle at other times. The higher the sions," dated October 5, 1977, the Com was to improve the quality of rail serv peak traffic demand relative to average mission stated, "it is estimated that peak ice in the United States through various demand, the greater both the added cost period premium rates designed to equal regulatory reforms, including a revision of providing such service, and the total ize demand could yield over $100 million of the agency's cost and pricing prac costs. As a result, unless such added in additional revenues annually from tices which theretofore had been totally costs are assigned directly to the traffic grain, metallic ores, and construction ag independent and unrelated. responsible for the peak demand, as gregates industries, and that "under Title II of the act directs the Com mandated by Congress, all other traffic best case assumptions, it is estimated mission to establish expeditious proce will be burdened with the cost of the that during the next 10 years, a capital dures for the publication of railroad excess capacity during the idle times expen di ture of nearly $1 billion for new rates based on seasonal, regional, or engendered. covered grain hoppers alone could be peak-period demand for rail services, or With respect to the allocation of ex avoided by an effective peak load pricing in accordance with the carrier's cash penses on the basis of demand or value strategy." Page 15. outlays for such service and the demand of service, the Committee on Interstate A billion dollars in additional revenues therefor. The first three are forms of and Foreign Commerce noted in its re and a billion dollar reduction in capital "peak responsibility pricing," while the port on the Surface Transportation Act expenditures, over the next 10 years, latter is a value of service methodology. of 1974 that "This is the most commonly clearly establishes the real value of the Definitions for peak, seasonal, and re used business method for allocating congressional plan to relate rail rates to gional are not provided in the act be costs. It is a weighting technique. The properly allocated costs, and the need to cause neither the ratemaking nor ac end result of this methodology is to allo have the cost sections of the railroads counting professions could provide such cate costs to traffic on the basis of the and the ICC's Bureau of Accounts al delineations. value of that traffic." Report 93-1381, locate the railroads' fixed, common, Title III of the act deals with the Uni 93d Congress, 2d session, page 40. joint, and constant costs on the basis of form System of Accounts, which Con- The reason that I, as a member of the appropriate economic principles-includ- April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11267 ing peaks in traffic demand and value of residue violations and to help producers Stories have appeared in the media. saying service.• who have had violations avoid them in the that USDA might "ban bacon." Those are future. not our words, nor our sentiments. We feel First, the Department of Agriculture is confident that the public will continue to DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE involved in regulating nitrites and sulfa have cured meats, including bacon. AND THE MEAT INDUSTRY RE because Congress has directed us to make Our goal is to l:ave cured meats in a way SOLVE DRUGS CONTROVERSY certain that no adulterated or contaminated that preserves consumer confidence. If the meat moves in commerce. public fears that there is a threat in eating Federal meat inspection functions were cured meat, they won't eat it. We must as HON. RICHARD NOLAN first created and given to USDA by Act of sure safety to preserve the market for your Congress over 70 years ago. Some people OF MINNESOTA products. wonder why a Department set up to rep Now let's turn to sulfa. We at the USDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resent the interests of farmers was given know how important sulfa is to you in pre Monday, April 24, 1978 this function of public health protection. venting such diseases as atrophic rhinitis. Certainly, one good reascn is that the law We want you to continue to have access to • Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, when Carol is designed to protect the good reputation sulfa drugs. No one wants to see them re Tucker Foreman, Assistant Secretary of of meat products and meat producers. It moved from the market. Agriculture for Food and Consumer makes certain that you don't lose business Once again, however, the Meat Inspection Services, addressed the National Pork because someone tries to get an economic Act requires that meat not contain any sub Congress on March 10, 1978, she an advantage by sellin~ an inferior or adultered stance that may be harmful to health. Sulfa nounced a policy of cooperation between product. Imagine how many people would residues can cause allergic reactions in some decide not to eat meat if they were afraid people. If someone gets sick from eating pork, the Department of Agriculture and the they would get sick from it. Ohviously, meat or thinks they might get sick, they won't eat meat industry to resolve the controver producers want people to eat meat. Obvi pork. They'll choose a substitute. I think the sy regarding the use of nitrites and sulfa ously, consumers want to eat meat. Meat is solution to the sulfa residue problem must drugs. an excellent source of protein and iron and be a way for pork producers to use sulfa with Neither the interests of producers nor it tastes good. It is a highly desirable prod no residues above the accepted tolerance. consumers will be furthered by an at uct. So public health protection in this case USDA is committed to a strong course of is also farmer and producer protection. action to achieve this. Today, I want to an mosphere of constant confrontation. I Now you may be wondering if industry welcome Secretary Foreman's decision nounce to you a Government-wide action protection was so vital, why has it been that plan to eliminate the troublesome and per to seek a mutual resolution of the out only in the past year or so the problem of sistent problem involving sulfa residues. standing problems. As Foreman em public health protection has fiOtten so much Let's look at the problems you have told us phasized in her speech: attention and caused you so much trouble. that you are having with the sulfa residue Our goal must be to carry out the law in Well, the first answer is that it hasn't hap testing program and see how USDA, with a way that will protect the public and build pened just over the past year or so. Surely, your valuable assistance, can solve them. confidence in the food supply while not we all remember our history lesson about First, the period of time it takes to get test causing major dislocation to producers and the first meat inspection act which was results back to the producer has been too processors. passed because of Upton Sinclair's revela long. So we will commit more resources to our tions in his book The Jungle, about filthy testing program in order to cut down the The speech follows: meat packing plants. One of the reasons for turn-around time. We will also make greater I appreciate the opportunity to meet here the early meat inspection laws was to stop efforts to notify a producer promptly by tele with you today. The USDA is concerned with meat packers from using dangerous chemi phone (backed up by a registered letter) the well-being of America's farmers, in cals such as formaldehyde to give bad meat whenever a violation is discovered. We want cluding pork producers. I am concerned a fresh appearance. Public health issues, to work closely with you in dealing with about America's farmers and pork produc such as chemicals in meat, are not new. these problems. ers-that's why I accepted the position as They simply involve different chemicals to But you also have to work with us. We Assistant Secretary at USDA, and that's why day. We must work together to resolve the know that when violations are discovered, I am happy to be here with you today. problems we face. Ignoring problems, deny some producers have been changing routes or Let me talk a moment about my respon ing them, hoping they will go away are really using other producers as middlemen to get sibilities at the Department and how they not answers. their animals into commercial channels. might affect you as farmers and pork Even if I left USDA today and John Soor producers. Under my policy jurisdiction is holtz took my place, there would still be This practice involves only a smaller Ini the Meat and Poultry Inspection Progra.m public concern about the safety and quality nority of producers, but it has become a sig the program that is vested with the enor of food. Reporters would still ask questions, nificant problem. The deliberate diversion of mous responsibility and duty to assure the congressional committees would still demand pork with residues in to the market is the safety and wholesomeness of our nation's to know why we allow meat with nitrite or main rearnn we have to ask for legislative au meat and poultry supply. I want you to sulfa residues on the market. There would thority to quarantine herds and premises know that I feel that duty and respon still be a law to enforce and a market to be when a residue problem has been identified, sibility personally. I have great respect for preserved. Our goal must be to carry out the and the authority to require owner identifi American meat producers. You do a. good law in a way that will protect the public and cation of all livestock. We would like to avoid job for the public. But my job involves build confidence in the food supply while that legislation by seeing the residue problem evaluating-using the best methods and re not causing major dislocation to producers disappear. search available-any system, substance or and processors. Second, I have met with the leaders of all product involved in meat or poultry produc The meat inspection law states that we the pertinent U.S. Government agencies and tion which may be harmful to the public shall not approve as wholesome any product we have developed a program that will help health. Congress, speaking for the people, that contains a substance that may be in us help you avoid residue violations. We gave this important safety mandate to jurious to health. have developed a coordinated program to use USDA and to the Meat and Poultry Inspec Nitrites alone are not injurious to health. all of the USDA's extensive resources to do tion Program. this. On Wednesday, Secretary Bergland There are several areas where our ac In some products, however, they can com bine with other substances to form a power gave us his approval to move ahead with tions seem to have aroused understandable our action plan. Most of you know Dr. Frank concern on your part. ful cancer-causing substance known as nitrosamines. Since nitrites have the virtue Mulhern of the Department's APHIS. He is The first involves the use of sodium ni a man of great talent and experience in deal trite to cure meat products. The second is of providing a dec;irable taste and color and some protection from botulism, we want a. ing with animal health problems. He and sulfa residues in swine meat. We at USDA his agency have led the fight to eliminate know that we will be able to resolve both system where we can have those benefits with the assurance of no nitrosamines. hog cholera. He will now coordinate a new of these problems in a manner that protects program using many of the same techniques public safety, builds public confidence that We have asked the meat packing industry to help eliminate sulfa residue violations. pork and cured meat products are safe and to show that we can continue to use nitrites wholesome, and causes no major economic with no nitrosamine formation. We expect As you know 10 to 15 percent of swine dislocation to pork producers. It is a tall that they will be able to do so-either by slaughtered since 1973 have had violative order but we can do it. using ascorbate and perhaps Alpha tocoph levels of sulfa residues. Let me explain. First, I would like to erol to block the formation of nitrosa We have not done a very good job of find go over for you why USDA is involved in mines or by reducing the use of nitrites, or ing out why this is the case. In part that is regulating nitrites and sulfa. Second, I by a combination of these factors. At the because FDA only investigates violations to would like to explain what we have done very worst, we might have to find ways to determine if there is a need for prosecution. and propose to do with regard to nitrites. manufacture cured meat products using sub FSQS really only carries out its functions at Third, I would like to announce publicly stitutes for nitrites. Some small packing the slaughterhouse and APHIS only has au to you today our plans for a Government companies do this now and do it very suc thority to deal with disease control. As a wlde effort to reduce the percentage of sulfa cessfully. result, there has been no comprehensive eval- 11268 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 uatlon of the total problem on the farm. Isabella for having shown a sensitivity bills, it's a little hard to believe your farming In addition, we have not found adequate to the progress of nations and of men, operation has the potential for becoming ways to work with producers. And producers which finally enabled Columbus to un nearly totally energy self-sufficient. fear that if they are open about their prob "The fa.rmer is in an enviable position," lems, they won't be able to market their ho_gs. dertake that "fanciful" journey of his, contends one energy authority. "He produces The new USDA program will work with which others had denied him, but which not only food and fiber but also a carbona FDA and producer groups and feed and sulfa would change forever the face of the ceous, energy-rich byproduct called agricul manufacturers to: known Earth and the assumptions of tural residue, or biomass." 1. Conduct a study of the factors causing the medieval human mind. "Using these and other available resources, residue violations and train personnel to The resolution follows: such as solar and wind power, he conceivably identify these sources to producers who have Whereas, throughout the ages, man's could become a producer of excess energy on violations. course has often been guided and altered his farm." 2 . Carry out an information campaign to by great rulers who have left indelible marks Energy farming ls definitely a thing of the let producers know about steps needed to upon their eras; and future. avoid violations. This will include fact sheets, Whereas, the enthusiasm and support of These rather startling revelations on the background materials, slide presentations a single ruler led to the discovery of tightening energy crisis question came to and other methods. America and the resounding effect this dis light during a recent special report given to 3. Conduct research studies on such prob covery had upon the history of the world; a Texas House legislative subcommittee here. The subcommittee is holding hearings around lems as recycling of sulfa thru feces and and urine; feed manufacturing practices; dose Whereas, this great ruler, Queen Isabella, the state to explore and make recommenda levels and time of withdrawal. wife of Ferdinand of Aragon, enabled Chris tions to the state legislature on alternate FDA, APHIS, FSQS, Extension and ARS sources of energy for agriculture, and how topher Columbus to make his daring voyage specifically such developments can be speeded will all play a role. We want and Dr. Mul that resulted in his reaching the shores of hern has sought your advice and counsel too. the New World, thus laying open a new up. Agriculture consumes just under 10 per We want a practical, realistic and workable chapter in the history of mankind's prog program to aid swine farmers when violative ress; and cent of the total amount of energy used within the state. levels are found at slaughter and to help Whereas, the discovery and history of producers prevent a recurrence. Farmers currently are shelling out a gi Florida are closely tied to said Spanish dar gantic $700 million a year for all fuels. We believe the program I've outlined will ing and exploration; and succeed. We want to work with you in this "If all goes well,'' a Stephenville poultry Whereas, the history of America has di specialist told the subcommittee headed by and the Department has assigned the lead rect linkage to the birth of Queen Isabella role to a man who we know has your con Representative Bill Keese o! Somerville, on April 22, 1451; "we'll be lighting light bulbs in May with fidence. Now, therefore, I Reubin O'D. Askew, by Finally, the USDA wlll seek to create a electricity generated from methane gas de virtue of the authority vested in me as rived from poultry wastes." joint task force of producers, feed and drug Governor of the State of Florida, do hereby manufacturers and consumers to review the "This is a start, at least," said E. L. Fulton, proclaim April 22, 1978 as "Queen Isabella poultry husbandman from Tarleton State sulfa program. The NPC has sought this ac Day" in Florida and do urge all citizens to tion and we are glad to comply, working to University. "Our goal is to run the whole pay homage to the memory of said Queen poultry house on gas generated from poultry gether I believe this is a problem that can be whose daring vision and fervent support for overcome. We believe this approach will manure." explorers' dreams made possible the epoch EFFORT BY STATE make it possible to carry out the dual re maklng discovery of the New World. sponsibilities of USDA-to protect and pro The day and a half session held on the mote the interests of producers and to assure In witness whereof, I have hereunto set Texas A&M University campus under auspices the safety and quality of food for the Amer my hand and caused the Great Seal of the of the Center for Energy and Mineral Re ican public. State of Florida to be affixed at Tallahassee, sources ( CEMR) , and other Texas A&M de· The fact is that I believe that, by work the Capital, this 9th day of March in the partments, agencies and divisions, brought ing together, we can resolve virtually any year of our Lord nineteen hundred and into perspective an apparent well-directed problem that arises. I have never accepted seventy-eight. and little-known state effort to devise alter the position that farmers and the people REUBIN O'D. ASKEW, native sources of competing energy, not only who consume their products must be in con Governor. for agriculture, but for other segments of the Attest: flict. I would like to prove I am right. If I am, Southwestern economy as well. we will all benefit.e BRUCE A. SMATHERS, Conference participants took the wheel of Secretary of State.e a small automobile whose engine was fueled with methanol, an alcohol derived from cereal grains. The group heard about potential "energy FLORIDA THANKS ISABELLA STATE OF TEXAS MOVES OUT ON OF SPAIN making crops" and farm cropping systems SELF-SUFFICIENT ENERGY FARM coming on stream that reduce total energy ING inputs. HON. CLAUDE PEPPER "ENERGY DEMONSTRATORS" OF FLORIDA Subcommittee members heard a predic HON. J. J. PICKLE tion that in the not-too-distant future cer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TEXAS tain local farmers will be selected as "energy Monday, April 24, 1978 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fa.rm demonstrators." They would show their fellow growers the latest "unconventional • Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, my dis Monday, April 24, 1978 energy-generation systems,'' much the same • Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Soeaker, the South way they demonstrate a new cotton variety tinguished colleagues, I would like to or farm machines today. bring to your attention a recently issued west Farm Press recently carried an ar The subcommittee heard reports on agri proclamation of the State of Florida, ticle outlining the innovative approach cultural biomass, the conversion of grains honoring Queen Isabella of Spain, whose being taken in the State of Texas to farm into alcohol, methane generation from poul effort and vision aided Christopher energy. State-supported efforts there try, swine and bee! feedlot wastes, wind and Columbus in his momentous discovery of center on small scale, on-site energy sys solar power and a host o! other research the American Continuent, and whose tems composed of low-technology, "off developments-either now in progress or on birthday of April 22, 1451, we will re the-shelf" components using farm the drawing board. One major departure from federally member this year. wastes, solar and wind energy, and other sponsored energy developmental efforts, the It is unusual for our democratic Gov renewable resources to make each farm subcommittee was told, is Texas' effort to ernment to pay such homage to the royal self-sufficient in energy. devise small-scale, on-site systems of energy rulers of the Old World in that bygone I commend this effort in my State and making for the private citizen that will epoch, when the rights to vote and de I urge my colleagues to read the article, require low-level technology to install and cide for others lay wholly in their hands reproduced, in shortened form, as operate. Initial efforts in this direction, said CEMR and was not shared as we believe to be follows: acting director Dr. Spencer Ba.en, are being desirable and just. Yet we are grateful SELF-SUFFICIENT ENERGY FARMING made to build such units with what he for the opportunity Columbus opened BEING PuSHED referred to as off-the-shelf components. up for our fathers, and, indeed, for the (By Calvin Pigg) The six-member subcommittee was ap world, to live their lives in freedom under COLLEGE STATION, TEx.--Considering the pointed by Representative Joe A. Hubenak equal law. And we also thank Queen money you send off to pay fuel and power of Rosenberg, chairman of the Committee April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11269 on Agriculture a.nd Livest.ock within the Anaerobic digestion of animal wastes to OLD TECHNOLOGY Texas House of Representatives. Subcom methane. He said the technology to be used is far mittee members, besides Rep. Keese, are Rep. Methane production on a poultry farm. from new. "This first demonstration is Da.n Kubiak of Rockdale, Rep. Susan McBee Bioconversion of agricultural residues to aimed at establishing the operational re of Del Rio, Rep. Luther Jones of El Paso, hydrogen. quirements and economics of small-scale, on Rep. W. G. "Bill" Coody of Weatherford and Methanol as a motor fuel. site systems." Rep. Elmer Martin of Colorado City. Agricultural use of solar energy. It was obvious that research workers are As part of an overview of energy usage by Optimizing wind as an energy resource. keying-in on cotton gin trash as an initial Texas farmers, a university official said PROGRAM FUNDING fuel source. It is readily available at the gin producers today are spending some $700 mil Existing activities, it was reported, are be site, and for the most part is considered a lion annually for all types of fuel. This, he ing funded in part by the Texas Legislature waste product with little economic value. said, compares with a total net income of for what is known as an Energy Public Serv Engineer Dr. Hiler cited two examples of $900 million not very many years ago. He ice Program. the potential energy in common crop resi was indicating the sharp increase in costs to Compared to the Nation's tightening en dues-gin trash and grain crop residues. producers for fuels that has taken place in ergy squeeze, the CEMR official said that, "A gin operating at a capacity of 15 bales the last four years. fortunately for agricultural producers, the per hour is accumulating trash which con Nearly 40 percent of the state's total agri task of developing small-scale, on-farm en tain thermal potential equivalent to 21,- cultural energy-fuel requirement goes for ·ergy conversion systems based on agricul 545 kilowatts of power." fuels to pump irrigation water. tural by-products stands to be accomplished The spokesman, Dr. Harry O. Kunkel, dean COULD POWER GIN in a few years. "Only about 750 KW is needed to power the of agriculture at Texas A&M, said he expects "We really do not have much choice," con to see a giant conversion taking place within gin; so with a thermal conversion as low as cluded Dr. Irgollc. "An energy crisis will im 3.5 percent, gin trash could provide the agriculture in the years ahead as energy mediately be followed by a food crisis. No costs further rise and as it seeks to become power for the gin." body will even notice then whether he freezes A 2,000-acre Texas High Plains farm grow a producer of energy to meet its owr. needs. or is uncomfortably hot, because hunger ing sorghum, corn or wheat was his second The region's large supplies of lignite coal, pains will overwhelm him." forestry and crop residue biomass by During the meeting the House representa example. Such an operation, he explained, products and large quantities of animal tives were given briefings on the Econocot normally yields 1.5 to 3 tons of crop residues wastes are among the tools and raw resources cotton growing methods being devised in the per acre. (The residues are either grazed in scientists have at hand to work with in the energy-pinched Pecos River Valley of Texas, the field by livestock or turned back to the quest for new and economically feasible and newest crop production methods, featur soil.) sources of energy. ing fast-maturing varieties and integrated All crop residues from the 2,000 acre place, On the overall subject of energy research pest management methods that cut cost out he continued, would have a thermal poten for agriculture, one speaker, Dr. Kurt J. lays and energy inputs into major agronomic tial equivalent to 14 million kilowatt hours Irgolic, an Austrian-born chemist, said that crops of the state. per year. "If the farm has 200 irrigation wells while Texas agriculture's consumption of requiring 50 horsepower each and operating energy is only 0.6 percent of the total U.S. AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS 2,000 hours annually, 1.5 million Kwh er.ch energy consumption, it is of vital importance A major part of the subcommittee report year are needed to pump the water." to the state's overall economic health . . dealt with agricultural biomass and its po "Assuming only a 10.6 percent conversion "It is extremely disturbing that the energy tential within the state. efficiency," said Dr. Hiler, "crop residues necessary to produce vital food and fiber (The term biomass refers generally to all could be used to supply energy enough to products might not be available in the future living or once living matter.) pump this water." in sufficient amounts to Texas farmers." (It is estimated that over 12 million tons "The rising prices for energy commodities of agricultural wastes a.re produced annually ENERGY FARM could make many agricultural operations in Texas, and the average heat content of He said looking beyond his present work, unprofitable. There is also the possibility this residue is between 5,000 and 6,000 Btu he foresees the need in the future for such that these commodities might not b·e avail per pound. This compares, according to a a thing as an energy research and demon able in sufficient quantities at any price in subcommittee finding, with Texas lignite coal stration farm to be located somewhere across the near future, because of unpredictable which is valued at about 7,000 Btu per the state. political developments involving oil-pro pound, but with a high undesirable sulphur "We believe a central place is needed to ducing countries, and in the long term, be content.) bring all the energy research together and cause of the decline in the production of On the subject of energy from biomass, Dr. demonstrate its use." petroleum and natural gas." Edward A. Hiler, soil and water engineer, "This farm would demonstrate new crop "SAVING GRACE" said a recently completed study reveals that prod11ction systems like Econocot, and low pressure mobile trickle irrigation methods. Dr. Irgolic said that the various carbon five major Texas crops-sorghum, corn, cot ton, wheat and rice-are known to produce It would also use solar energy, biomass and and hydrogen-based residues produced on wind energy sources." the farm "might be the saving grace for agri a.bout 20 million tons of in-field plant resi culture in an energy-scarce future." dues. These residues, he said, have a theor FOREST RESOURCE etical heat value of 270 trillion Btu's. AS SUBSTITUTE FUEL The state's massive forestry resources offer He said this alone represents energy in The conversion into pyrolysis liquids another major possible source of biomass for amounts equal to all on-farm fuel purchases energy purposes. Speaking to this point with (from gas) , he continued to tell the legisla within the state in the year 1974. lative subcommittee, could serve as a sub projections was Dr. Ed J. Soltes, associate stit !lte for gasoline or diesel, or into meth Dr. Hiler said that in other terms the professor of forest science. anol or ethanol suitable as fuels for internal amount of potential energy to be found in Dr. Soltes said that approximately five mil combustion engines. He said such on-farm these crop leftovers in equal to 1.7 times the lion tons of "logging residues" annually are wastes can be most simply burned directly energy used for irrigation, or 64 percent of known to result from an annual harvest and producing steam and then electricity. the total energy requirements of Texas agri processing of 475 million cubic feet of Dr. Irgolic said that today, however, very culture. timber. few, if any, of th·e systems needed for on He said that generally the collection and "Some or all of the logging residues, and farm energy production are presently avail transportation of biomass materials is not wood associated with our woody brush in able to farm producers at an affordable price. seen as a bottleneck to new energy source Texas,·· he said, "could be made available Recognizing this, he said that the CEMR production, when scaled down to the in for energy generation." There are, however, and other university branches has sought to dividual farm unit basis. he continued, several technical and economic initiate and fund research, development and The engineer told the House subcommit problems that must first be addressed and demonstration activities "whose goals are to tee members that technology for a small, solved. make available efficient, reliable and afford on-site energy production plant using agri He said that in general the problem areas able systems for energy-generation on the cultural biomass currently is being put to are not specific to wood but are associated farm." gether at Texas A&M. He and team members with the use of many types of agricultural He add'ed that all projects underway are are working on a prototype engine system biomass. These include basic availability of looking at low-technology, small-scale sys for converting biomass into power. the resource, havesting and collecting, tems suitable for on-farm operation. "We've considered a number of various transportation costs, processing method and EIGHT APPROACHES energy transfer methods," said Dr. Hiler add finally the economics of the whole procedure. The Texas A&M chemist who is CEMR as ing that the direct combustion (burning) of In concluding its report to the legislators, sociate director said the major thrust areas cotton gin trash has been chosen for the speakers concurred that agricultural resi of such development are divided into eight trial. dues cannot solve the United States• overall basic areas: "We also are concentrating on using pres energy problem, but, they stressed, can pro Combustion and gasification of biomass. ently available components to combust and vide significant contributions in specific Pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials to convert the energy into usable shift power to situations, keyed on local small scale, on-site general liquid fuels. generate electricity." energy generation in the future.e 11270 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 DICKlNSON: SCHOOLS SHOULD operating profits (revenue less expenses), and efiectiveness, should serve to help TEACH FREE ENTERPRISE after-tax profits, and return on investment. put the regulations in proper perspective. The importance of the latter should be taught because companies don't just start; Hearings will begin each day at 9 :30 they must be created and pump-primed with a.m., in room 2141, Rayburn House Office HO~ WILLIAM L. DICKINSON money invested by individuals, groups such Building. Witnesses representing Treas OF ALABAMA as labor unions, pension funds, or other com ury Department and BATF, police offi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES panies. The money is invested with the hope cials, the firearms industry, retailers of of making a profit eventually, a hope that is Monday, April 24, 1978 firearms, elected officials, and private not always realized. And that would lead to organizations concerned with firearms • Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, the an understanding of what we call venture or issues will be among those appearing. Dothan Eagle on April 17, 1978, ran an risk capital, and its importance in our free market system. Persons wishing to submit prepared editorial entitled "Shouldn't Schools Some of the things that should be taught statements or to testify should contact Teach Basics of Our Free Market Sys would surprise not only young people but the Subcommittee on Crime, 207E Can tem?" The Eagle answered its own ques many adults. For instance, how volume is di non House Office Building, telephone tion with a resounding "Yes." rectly related to prices and profits. How 225-1695.• I am afraid that most adults and youth many people know that the large retail food have lost sight of what made this Nation chains make a profit of less than five cents on each dollar taken in, and some years it's the economic giant it used to be-the free 2 cents or even less? market system. But now less and less of High-volume businesses such as food stores SAVAGING THE PRESIDENT this philosophy is being passed on to our should be compared to comparatively low children. Our children are being exposed volume concerns such as jewelry stores where to more and more about the "evils of much higher markups are necessary for the HON. DON EDWARDS business.'' proprietors and employees to make even a OF CALIFORNIA modest living. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I would not doubt that the steady slide Well, enough of this skipping about at our Nation is taking toward "socialism" random among economic facts. But perhaps Monday, April 24, 1978 and "welfare stateism" in part, is propor the point has been made. We need a better tional to the education our kids are not understanding of how our economic system e Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. getting about the strengths of the free works. And perhaps the best way is to teach Speaker, has any President in recent market system. the subject in schools, early on.e times had a mor.e successful first year? I commend to my colleagues the fol I think not, and the following article by lowing editorial from the Dothan Eagle: Anthony Lewis from the April 24, 1978, issue of the New York Times examines SHOULDN' T SCHOOLS TEACH BASICS OF OUR SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME TO HOLD the record. FREE MARKET SYSTEM? HEARINGS ON TREASURY'S NEW Railroad president Prime F. Osborn III SAVAGING THE PRESIDENT touched on one of our pet peeves in a speech FIREARMS REGULATIONS LoNDON, April 23.-In Europe as in to the Dothan Rotary Club last week: ignor America, Jimmy Carter is the subject of ance of how our economic system works. much head shaking. The Economist of Lon This ignorance has been confirmed time HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. don leads this week's issue with a worried after time over many years by the results of OF MICHIGAN article about what it calls his "insouciant questionnaires submitted to college and high IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Presidency." America's friends, it says, must school students. Some of the misconceptions Monday, April 24, 1978 hope that "the giddy slide" in his fortunes are little short of astounding. is coming to an end. We have often thought that courses ex e Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I wish Some of Mr. Carter's troubles are no doubt plaining the free market economic system to announce that the Subcommittee on of his own making. He was naive in his ex should be required, starting with the lower pectations of quick reform. He evidently grades and progressing through the upper Crime of the House Committee on the levels. In high school our system could be Judiciary will on May 3 and 4, 1978, lacks a taste--a Rooseveltian savor-for po compared to socialism, mixed economic sys hold hearings on proposed new firearms litical maneuver. And so on. The list is fa tems and totalitarianism. And we're not ad regulations by the Treasury Depart miliar. vocating propaganda, but rather imparting ment. But his shortcomings by no means explain factual information. the scorn, the savagery of the attacks on Somehow we need to teach our young peo On March 21, Treasury published in him. That is evident if the criticism is ple (and a lot of their elders) that the key the Federal Register a notice of pro viewed in the light of a little history. stone of free enterprise is t he profit motive posed rulemaking, proposing that first, The current wisdom among political ana and that this system has produced the a unique serial number be required on lysts, for example, is that Mr. Carter has highest living standard, has benefited more all firearms imported into or manufac "overloaded the circuits" in Congress with people, than any economic system in the his tured in the United States; second, all his legislative requests. Compared to what? tory of man. It is often said that profit is not Harry Truman poured Fair Deal proposals a dirty word, but unfortunately it is to too Federal firearms licensees be required onto resistant Congresses, and he is now many people. to report to the Bureau of Alcohol, To everyone's political hero. Would fifth graders understand economics? bacco and Firearms any theft, loss, or One of President Kennedy's assistants Yes, if we start with simple explanations. recovery of a firearm; third, each li goes around the country these days making We could start with the simple truth that censed manufacturer be required to sub sour remarks about Jimmy Carter. I greatly governments create no wealth, earn no mit to ATF a quarterly report of fire admired Kennedy, but his first year in the money. Individuals and companies create arms manufactured; fourth, licensed White House was hardly a model of wisdom. wealth. Governments take part of this wealth Its distinction included the Bay of Pigs und by taxing profits and redistribute it, sup manufacturers and dealers be required to submit a quarterly report of firearms a national bomb shelter program. Compared posedly for the benefit of all the people. to that, Mr. Carter's first year was a blessing. At the appropriate grade level we could ex dispositions. Comments on the proposed plain how businesses, large and small, actu regulations may be submitted to BATF Then there were Lyndon Johnson and ally operate and who benefits. We could Richard Nixon. Can people really have for for a period of 60 days following publi gotten their terrible flaws of character? The teach difference between the markup and cation in the Federal Register. profit. We could explain that a certain kind Economist, fairer to Jimmy Carter than his of store's average markup is, say, 40 per cent; We do not ordinarily hold hearings on domestic critics, did praise his personal that is, the store buys an item for $1 and administrative regulations issued pur qualities while faulting his politics. He has sells it for $1.40. But that out of the 40 cent suant to legislative authority, as is the "many of the right instincts," it said, markup all expenses must be paid, including case here. However, considerable con "whether on disarmament, racism or human salaries, rent, electric power, insurance, so troversy has surrounded the proposed rights." It praised his openness and decency cial security taxes, license fees, office supplies regulations from the day they were an and said, "He may be impulsive, but he ls and so on. What's left is profit, which then nounced, and public misunderstanding not furtive." must be divided with governm~nt. How Memories seem short on both sides of the many young (or old) people know that the of them is widespread. Our public hear Atlantic. The Europeans complain about federal government takes about half of a cor ings, which will include examination of lack of consultation, and there are such poration's profits in taxes? the need for the new regulations, the faults in the Carter record. But they do not In the higher grades we could teach the legislative authority under which they amount to much compared, say, with the different ways of measuring profits. That is, were issued, and their operational scope sudden, unilateral change imposed by Mr.
·- April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11271 Nixon on the dollar basis of the world mone JUDGES AND "FORGOTTEN recent years to take over both legislative and executive functions." tary system-nor to the crudity with which INTELLIGENCE" Mr. Bork and Representative McClory both Mr. Nixon's Secretary of the Treasury, John make the additional point that any law vest Connally, dismissed European and Japanese ing control over foreign intelligence in the views. HON. BOB WILSON bench "seems certain," as Mr. Bork puts it, Foreign policy experts, European and OF CALIFORNIA "to diminish substantially the responsibility American, express a good deal of longing for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and accountability of the executive branch." t he experience and sureness, as they put it, of Writes Mr. Mcclory: "It should be seen that Henry Kissinger. But their memories are par Monday, April 24, 1978 by shifting from the president to the judi tial, too---or their values distorted. e Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, ciary the responsibility to authorioo foreign Mr. Carter's foreign policy advisors may not intelligence electronic surveillance, the have so magisterial a preser..ce. But they have under leave to extend my remarks in the Record, I include the following: courts become a buffer to executive account not bombed a peasant society back to the ability." Stone Age. They have not bombed any coun (From the Washington Star, Apr. 22, 1978) Even conceding that the executive branch tries, or invaded any. In fact, this is the first JUDGES AND "FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE" has sometimes abused the "foreign intelli recent Presidency that in its first year has not gence" discretion and may do so again, we used military force. The notion that so-called "foreign intelli gence" electronic surveillance-the kind that nonetheless find these criticisms compelling. It would be too much to expect a sense of If special judges designated to issue warrants history from the press when it performs its has to do with espionage and the like should henceforth be controlled by judicial for foreign intelligence surveillance are held function of criticizing politicians. But in its to a "probable cause" standard (i.e., if they treatment of Jimmy Carter's White House, it warrant has become an idee fixe in Congress. Mighty labors have been expended to de must be shown how the job at hand is di has seemed especially shallow and shrill rectly related to the commission, or possible more concerned with gossip and style than sign bills effecting this control. One passed the Senate overwhelmingly on Thursday. commission, of a crime) they will undoubt with substance. edly have to veto some intelligence opera When Mr. Carter talks about inflation the Their passage marks a sharp departure. Every president for almost four decades bas tions that are arguably prudent and neces crit ics examine the inconsistencies in his.past sary. If the standards governing their war views, the dubious prospects for success. But assumed that the discretion to gather such intelligence on his own motion lay among rant-issuing function are broad, making al hardly anyone states the simole truth that lowance for the difference between foreign inft.ation is an extraordinary intractable prob the "inherent" presidential powers. Now a curious thing has happened. The and domestic intelligence, what is "judicial" lem, and not only for this country. That is so about the judge's role? of all economic issues in the developed world longer the legislative tinkering goes on, the today. Does France have the answer to un more the doubts of both libertarian and con We wonder, in short, whether the debate employment, or Britain? servative critics seem to converge. Those over this legislation isn't misconceived. By In many areas the problems are harder than doubts did not impress the Senate, but there and large, the debate has turned on the they used to be, and the resistance of interest is still time to consider them in the House. mechanics and details of judicial control groups to any conceivable solution more in These two sets of critics start, of course, not on the more basic issue of whether judges tense. Fighting the rapid rise in hospital costs from very different outlooks. Libertarians are necessarily more satisfactory guardians sounds like good politics, but it turns out w9rry that judicial restrictions, which they of foreign-intelligence gathering than duly that hospital workers and doctors and otherwise favor, may be too lax-especially instructed, responsible executive officials who trustees have their reasons to disagree with if warrants for electronic eavesdropping are are overseen by, and accountable to Con the policy-and powerful means to fight it. not governed by the "probable cause" stand gress. The problems are more difficult, consensus ards that govern the issuance of ordinary The House and Senate bills differ in detail more elusive than Jimmy Carter said in his domestic search warrants. Conservatives but share the fixed notion that judges must campaign-or probably understood. That is worry that the president's intelligence-gath be brought into the picture. Must they? Is a reason for disappointment with him. And I ering capacity might be stunted at the risk the case so open-and-shut? It may be a good tl:~ink he and his Georgia colleagues are of injury or mischief to the national security. time to reexamine this fundamental premise still resented by some as outsiders. There What is remarkable is that, starting poles of intelligence "reform." Are judges really are Europeans bothered by the idea of a "pea apart, both have conceived substantial the answer to perceived abuses and excesses nut farmer" as President. And in Washing doubts that judges, deliberating in closeted that originated more in administrative laxity ton, .last year, there was the nauseating ab hearings, are or can be proper and effec and misbehavior than in institutional surdity of a newspaper reporting resent tive monitors of what is permissible in "for necessity? e ment at the Georgians' failure to come to eign intelligence" surveillance practices. dinner parties. Statistics from the U.S. Judicial Confer But Jimmy Carter rates no personal sym ence, of primary interest to liberatarian pathy; he asked for the job. And indeed, the critics, show that wiretap warrants for FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE BY REP tendency to focus political disappointment domestic criminal purposes in the year 1976 RESENTATIVE CLARENCE D. LONG and animosity on the American President were easily obtained. Only two were denied; goes beyond him. 686 were authorized. Such figures raise the Writing in The New York Review of Books, spector of the "rubber stamp." Professor Sheldon Wolin of Princeton sug HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Conservative critics are skeptical of the OF MARYLAND gests that "an unnatural rite has become effectiveness and usefulness of judges for incoporated into the anthropology of Amer other reasons. The most compelling com IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ican political life: the ritual destruction of ments we have seen are bv former Solicitor Monday, April 24, 1978 the President." If that is so, America's General Robert Bork and by Rep. Robert friends should worry-and for reasons much McClory of Illinois, ranking Republican on • Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, more serious than the faults of Jimmy the House Judiciary Committee. Carter.e each year at this time I make a volun Both offer similar criticiEms for the idee tary disclosure of income, taxes, asset.s, fixe of judicial supervision. Mr. Bork, for and liabilities. instance, observes that since the purposes of For 1977, I paid taxes totaling $21,- PERSONAL EXPLANATION foreign intelligence surveillance are quite different in nature from the purposes of do 970.32 on an income of $58,021.49. mestic intelligence (it is necessarily more My Federal income tax was $15,239.90; HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI speculative and often does not look to prose State and local income taxes totaled OF KENTUCKY cution) the process of clearance is more $3,892.82; real estate and sales tax to administrative than judicial. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taled $2,837 .60. "There are and can be," writes Mr. Bork Chief source of income was $54,275 Monday, April 24, 1978 in a recent Wall Street Journal article "no judicial criteria for making decisions ~bout salary as Congressman. Other taxable e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker on the needs of foreign intelligence, and judges income included: An annuity of $1,233.68 April 13, 1978, I was unavoidably de cannot become adequately informed about and dividends of $788.33 from the Teach tained in carrying out my responsibili intelligence to make the sophisticated judg ers Insurance Annuity Association; net ties as a House conferee on the omni ments required. To do an adequate job they rent.s of $1,623.48 from a farm in Har bus judgeship bill. would have to be drawn fully into intelli iord County, Md.; $100 for an article in gence work. which is not the point of this Had I been present, I would have enterprise. To suppose that they would the spring 1977 Harvard Journal of In voted "yes" on roll No. 222, H.R. 11003, defer to the superior expertise of the agencies ternational Security. No out.side income authority for employment of personnel is either to confess the safeguards will not was received for speeches. Mrs. Long's in the White House Office and 1'he Execu work or to underestimate the strength of total income was $1 won in the Maryland tive Residence.• the tendency displayed by the judiciary in lottery. 11272 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 Following my long-standing policy, no the important battle to find a cure for passes this tuition credits monstrosity, I pray gifts however small or in whatever form multiple sclerosis, a tragic, crippling that President Carter will veto it. were accepted by me or my staff-not neurological disease.• This is Carl Rowan. even flowers or fruit. Real property consists of a home in (Mar. 24, 1978) Ruxton, Md., purchased in 1946 for WHAT THE TuITION CREDIT FIGHT Is ABOUT CARL ROWAN'S COMMENTARIES (By Carl T. Row:ln) $32,000 and currently mortgaged for ON TUITION TAX CREDITS $5 ,443.65 with the Provident Savings WASHINGTON.-Caught up in its biennial Bank of Baltimore, and a 112-acre farm gush of election-year irresponsibility, a ma in Harford County purchased in 1965 for jority of congressmen and senators seems de HON. PARREN J. MITCHELL termined to put the federal government into $118,000. I owe $1 ,000 on an unsecured OF MARYLAND short-term note to the Equitable Trust the business of financing private and church IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES school educations for millions of youngsters. Co. of Baltimore. Starting with the legitimate notion that Contributions to the Federal retire Monday, April 24, 1978 many middle-class fam11les want help i:q fi ment system for 1977 totaled $4,342. e Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland. Mr. nancing their children's college educations, In nearly 16 years as Congressman, I the Congress wants to lea~ to the point of Speaker, much of the current debate over forking over up to $500 to taxpayers' money have contributed a total of $43,477.76 to providing tuition tax credits to elemen this fund, which cannot be withdrawn per elementary or secondary school child tary and secondary schoolchildren has no matter how many children a family may in cash. Estimated capital value of my focused on the issue of the appropliate have, or how much income that family has. Teachers Insurance Annuity Association role of the Federal Government in di Thus a. family with eight children in policies as of December 31, 1977, was rectly aiding private schools. I agree with church school could get $4,000 a year from $23,605.06. This also cannot be with many of the persons engaged in this de Uncle Sam, even if the parents had income drawn as cash. bate that the provision of a $250 or $500 of a million dollars a. year. Other assets include a 1976 Buick, a per student tax credit to any individual The bill ignores the factor of "need" to 1977 Plymouth station wagon, home fur having children in private schools would the point that it is absurdly unfair. It is a nishings, my wife's jewelry ycotts of hotels and con weapon. The first p u blic notice about this vention facilities in these states, thus proposed funding came from a Washington threatening a financial loss of millions of Post story last June 6 headlined, "Killer dollars on uninvolved businesses and indi Bombs Buried in ERDA Budget." President HON. ELDON RUDD Carter, who has now deferred production of OF ARIZONA vi:iuals in order to force ratification by these state legislat ures; t he weapon, said later he did not know about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the neutron budget proposal. Resolved, That members of the National The bomb, which is really a shell designed Monday, April 24, 1978 Society, Daughters of the American Revolu to be fired from a cannon at tank concentra tion, as individuals, continue to oppose the • Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, for the past conspiratorial boycott in states which have tions. had therefore slowly developed a life several weeks. ladies from throughout of its own within t he military planning at not ratified the Equal Right Amendment the Pentagon. our country whose direct ancestors par and to cppm;e an extension of the time limit There have ' been numerous other exam ticipated in the American Revolution for ratification of the Equal Rights ples. The Bl bomber became an Air Force have been meeting at the 87th Continen Amendment . sacred cow even after the development of tal Congress of the Daughters of the CIVIL SERVICE REFORM the cruise missile made it unnecessary to American Revolution. Whereas in order to correct inefficiencies build. In t he final days of the arguments Among these devoted patriots was Mrs. in the Civil Service System, the adminis over t he Bl, before Mr. Carter said he would John Trudeau Salmon of Tucson, Ariz., tration has proposed. changes which expand veto an attempt to finance its production, a regent of the Daughters of the Ameri political appointment at the expense of merit justification for the Bl was even based on examination; and the jobs it would create. can Revolution and longtime citizen Whereas a movement is under way to re Mr. Carter's decision on the neutron weap leader in our State. peal the Hatch Act, a political code of con on, which is designed to kill people but to The DAR Continental Congress passed duct for federal employees allowing them a spare property, has aroused widespread con 14 important resolutions, covering the troad range of political activity but protect troversy, both in this country and abroad. full range of national and international ing them from intimidation by supervisors; Even so, I think his decision was eminently concerns facing our country today. I and • correct. believe that that these resolutions merit Whereas further proposlls would curtail Criticism of the President for waffling veterans' benefits in federal hiring, thus in about this weapon before reaching his deci the careful consideration of every Mem validating the pledges made under the 1944 sion seems especially specious. He may have ber of Congress and the leaders of our Veterans Preference Act; taken a long time to make up his mind. Nation at every level of government. Re3olve::l, That the National Society, However, if Americans learned anything from I would like to include those resolu Daughters cf the American Revolution, op our involvement in Vietnam, it was that we tions. adopted as official DAR policy on pose political favoritism in federal service don't want our leaders making hasty deci April 19, at this point in the RECORD: and support continuation of the Hatch Act sions about American military involvement and of veterans' bene!its. or nuclear weapons that can fuel the arms RE SOL UT IONS OF THE 87TH CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN UNITED NATIONS COVENANTS COMMUNIST CON race. TROL UNDER ONE WORLD GOVERNMENT The neutron weapon has some tactical ap REVOLUTION peal, especially for our NATO forces in Eu REDEDICATION Whereas the 1948 United Nations Decla rope, and that is precisely why I think Mr. This country became the greatest nation ration of Human Rights, a statement of Carter is wise to be cautious about deploying on Earth by followin~ the way of the Lord. principle without the force of law, has been or producing it. The danger with an attrac In George Washington's day we knew that transformed. into "treaty provision" by two tive new nuclear weapon is that it may make we wanted to be free politically. econom convenants, the International Covenant on nuclear war more likely. ically, and in every other way-realizing that Civil and Political Rights and the Inter Reducing that danger, as well as reducing each of us had the sole responsibility for national Covenant on Eccnomic, Social and the awesome costs of the strategic arms race, the welfare of self and family. Cultural Rights; and is what the U.S.-Soviet SALT talks are de Whereas these treaties-with the concept We need faith in America and in the prin of government-granted rights as oppcsed to signed to accomplish. ciples upon which it was founded. Let us Those talks take place in a world already United States inalienable rights which limit rededicate ourselves to faith in our future government-have been signed by the Presi dangerously armed for nuclear annihilation. and Divine Providence, remembering that So armed, in fact, t hat some of the current dent and. the United States Ambassador to "Faith is the substance of things hoped for, the United Nations and are pending before strategic thinking begins to sound like the the evidence of things not seen." dialogue from a play by Kafka. For example, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, some strategists believe that a defense sys GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS although previous administrations have tem against Soviet nuclear weapons is no Whereas the success of the American free taken no official action on these treaties; longer advisable, since that may encourage enterprise system has traditionally depended and the Russians to believe we would not initially upon a maximum of individual initiative and Whereas these treaties which exclude the retaliate with the full weight of our own a minimum of governmental interference; right t::> own property as individuals or in strategic nuclear forces. and association with others free from arbitrary seizure by government, also exclude many As Paul Warnke, our chief negotiator in Whereas the ever increasing list of multi of the other United States constitutionally the SALT talks, says: ple regulatory agencies is instituting and guaranteed rights; and "The thing that deters the use of nuclear enforcing policies that prevent many private Whereas these covenants are a blueprint weapons is the prospect for retaliation . . . businesses from receiving a fair return on for total communist control under One We have to be sure we have the retaliatory investment; and World Government and would supercede the capability to respond with such devastating Whereas increased costs to businesses in Constitution if ratified by the Senate; force that we would destroy all Soviet fighting these injustices add inflationary Resolve:!, That members of the National society." cost to the consumer; and Society, Daughters of the American Revolu What this amounts to, he has pointed out, Whereas increasing regulation of free en tion. alert the citizens of this country to is "mutually assured destruction-the acro terprise is slowly but surely eroding our the immediate danger of the complete loss of nym for which is MAD." democratic process and leading to socialism; our freedoms with ratification of the In- 11276 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 ternational Covenant on Civil and Political Whereas the common goal of those at Resolved, That the National Society, Rights and the International Covenant on tacking the activities of the FBI, the CIA Daughters of the American Revolution, im Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and, and the entire intelligence community is to press upon its members that they study and as individuals, work to oppose ratification of diminish and curtail their functions, to des know the Constitution and the responsibili these treaties. troy their effectiveness and to discredit them ties of the Executive, the Legislative, and NATIONAL DEFENSE-FOR OUR NATIONAL in the eyes of the American people; and the Judicial branches of government for the SURVIVAL Whereas the intelligence units of the De protection and betterment of all. fense Department have been eroded, the au Whereas since the Cuban missile crisis the FOREIGN POLICY HYPOCRISY Soviet Union has increased its military might thority of the FBI and the CIA weakened, Whereas the Trilateralists have assumed at an alarming rate; and and governmental boards and committees leadership of the Foreign Policy of the Whereas the Soviet Union has also pro concerned with subversion have been abol United States and policies once considered vided an unsurpassed Civil Defense capa ished-all grim evidence of the success of treason are now openly and boastfully ma.de bility for the protection of its citizens; and the assault on the intelligence community; daily, promoting the convergence of the Resolved, That the National Society, American people with the aims of the Whereas through the SALT agreement, the Daughters of the American Revolution, af m yth of detente, and the failure of United Soviet government; and firms the right and duty of the United States Whereas current foreign policy is based States policies to support the necessary de government to engage in whatever intelli velopment and production of advanced on the "liberal" assum.Ption that equality is gence operations are necessary to protect and far more important than freedom, that weapons systems to keep the United States defend the nation; and a. in a position of military superiority, our powerful government aiming to promote the country is now in a critically inferior posi Resolved, That the National Society, "common good" is preferable to an effective tion; and Daughters of the American Revolution, sup limited government; and ports the efforts of t he FBI and the CIA in Whereas United States foreign policy has Whereas the abandonment or curtailment t heir intelligence gathering activities, and of such vital projects as the B-1 bomber, become a process of "moral selectivity" moti urges t he strengthening of the intelligence vated by an attempt to impose upon other nuclear missile programs, the destruction of units of the Defense Department and the defensive systems, the closing of important nations a false interpretation of the basic restoration of the congressional committees American principles resulting in favoritism military installations, the reduction of mili and governmental boards dealing with sub tary personnel at home and abroad, the to enemies and repudiation of our proven version. friends and allies; failure to provide any civilian defense, the WORLD MONETARY CONTROL alarming reduction of naval strength, in Resolved, That the National Society, cluding the cutback in building of nuclear Whereas foreign aid appropriations chan Daughters of the American Revolution, firm submarines have greatly impaired the capa neled through the United Nations specialized ly su,pports a foreign policy that would pro bility of the United States to effectively op agencies, the International Monetary Fund tect our proven friends and would cease to pose an aggressor; and and the World Bank and its affiliates, are a deal with our mutual enemies-economi Whereas this frightening military imbal continuing financial drain upon the United cally, politically and militarily. ance could subject our nation to nuclear States which is burdened with massive debt FEDERAL LAND EMPIRE blackmail or Soviet first-strike annihilation; and is faced with dwindling gold reserves at Whereas the United States of America has and Fort Knox; and Whereas through United States payments encouraged and promoted the historic con Whereas the number of Soviet spies known for imports, multinational investments and cept of the right of individuals to own and to be operating within the United States has tourist trade, up to 300 billions of dollars are manage land; and greatly increased in recent years endangering fioating around the world; and Whereas there has been a reversal of this every phase of our economy and our national Whereas the United States government has policy in a concentrated onslaught against defense; and no control over reinvestment by foreign in private land ownership by unfavorable tax Whereas according to military authorities terests in the products, securities and real rulings, wilderness land acquisition, orga the national defense capability of the United nized environmental groups and dictatorial property of the United States; and management practices of lands and water; States has, since 1962, changed from a posi- Whereas vast wealth controlled by would • tion of dominance in every category to a and be world managers has created an interna Whereas under the provisions of the Rec complete reversal, as the Soviets now have tional group which by design partially con the superior capability; lamation Act of 1902, a court ruling (as cited trols the economic policies of the indus in the Federal Register of August 25, 1977) Resolved, That as American citizens we re trialized nations and is conspiring to con order our priori ties to place stronger em - has permitted the federal government to trol the developing naticns of the world; and acquire and redivide into 160 acre plots pri phasis on National Defense, to recreate the Whereas would economic control is tanta patriotism evidenced in previous national vately owned farmland watered by Federal mount to world government; Reclamation Dams, and has stipulated regu crises and to educate our youth to the dan Resolved, That the National Society, gers that threaten our very existence as a lations for residency, leasing and sell1ng; nation; and Daughters of the American Revolution, re and commends that the nation adopt as its goal Whereas without prior disclosure to the Resolved, That the members of the Na a return to gold backed dollars; owner or lessee, land has been confiscated tional Society, Daughters of the American by Executive Order; and Revolution, insist that our national legis Resolved, That the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, urges Whereas the federal government owns more lators assert their authority to restore this than one third of all the land in the United nation to its former position of outstanding disentanglement of the United States from the International Monetary Fund and World States with approximately 96 percent of the strength and superiority in order to ensure land of Alaska, 45 percent of California, 66 t he survival of the United States of America. Bank and affiliates which have been ineffec as a free nation. tive, have wasted billions of dollars of Amer percent of Idaho, 85 percent of Nevada, 53 ican money, have demonstrated no ability percent of Oregon, and 65 percent of Utah; LABOR REFORM-POWER GRAB to restore a sound world economy and pose Resolved, That the National Society, Whereas organized labor, becausee of de an imminent threat to the solvency of the Daughters of the American Revolution, views clining union membership, is urging passage United States cf America. with alarm the extent of socialistic land con of the Labor Law Reform Bill of 1978, using CONSTI'IUTIONAL CRISIS trol and interference into private ownership the power of the federal government to take of land. punitive action against business; and Whereas the Constitution, the law of the land, protects the American people from tyr Resolv ed, That the National Society, Whereas this bill would force compulsory anny as long as they are alert enough to Daughters of the American Revolution, urges union membership on all businesses, nullify protect the Constitution; and that the vast empire of federally owned land ing the individual states' Right to Work be reduced in size by sale to the private Laws and the Taft-Hartley Law; and Whereas the Constitution must not be compromised by treaty manipulations which sector. Whereas the effect of this power grab bene endanger the guaranteed rights and privi REAFFmMATIONS fits only unions, ignoring legitimate concerns leges of citizens; and of employers and employees; and Whereas all past resolutions previously Whereas the United States of America has adopted by the National Society, Daughters Whereas direct intrusion of government been governed by an activist Supreme Court into the collective bargaining process and of the American Revolution, a.re in effect un which has usurped law-makinr6 powers far less rescinded; unionization of business will result in higher beyond its judicial responsibilities as set prices, inflation and bankruptcies; Resolv-ed, That the following resolutions forth in the Constitution and has inter be reaffirmed: Resolved, That the National Society, preted failure of legislatures as grounds for 1. (Executive Orders-1964-1972) Congress Daughters of the American Revolution, con court interference; and should restore its authority of Constitutional tinue to support Right to Work Laws and to Whereas provisions of the Constitution powers vested in it by the Constitution of the oppose the Labor Reform Bill of 1978. have been abrogate:! by Executive Orders; United States of America.. THE ASSAULT ON INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES and 2. (Education-1956, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1977) Whereas the survival of the United States of Whereas pro.Posals have been made to re Work to insure that our children understand America and its defense against both ex write the Constitution on the pretext that the classic meaning of freedom and to instill ternal and internal threats are dependent the Constitution is not germane to present a renewed sense of self-discipline and moral upon accurate intelligence; and day social and economic conditions; obligation. April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11277
3. (Gun Control-1957, 1966, 1975) Those REPORTING REQUmEMENTS need not be identified by its Latin sub who take away our guns and ammunition The reporting requirements for the Exec species. If a rose smells the wrong color it take away our freedom. utive Branch, unlike those for the Legisla will smell the same if it's a security, a real 4. (Illegal Aliens-1975 back to 1952) Op tive or Judicial branches, will apply to thou property interest, personal property, or a pose the rewarding of aliens' illegal conduct sands of individuals. Accordingly, it is mineral lease, especially since a mineral lease by giving them amnesty-thus undermining extremely important that these financial re is recognized in many states as a real prop the efficacy of our laws. porting requirements be as simple, clear, erty interest. 5. (Voter Registration-1977) Continue to and unambiguous as possible. Many of these There are some real issues of definition oppose universal voter registration which reports will be available for public scrutiny, contained in the categorization of H.R. 1 expands the power of the federal government, so it is extremely important to minimize the which the joint substitute solves by using preempts states rights, and enlarges federal possibility that a Civil Service employee the term property: control of voter qualifications. ctmld in good faith file an inaccurate report (a) It is possible under the laws of most 6. (Food and Agriculture-1975) Continue because the requirements are vague, ambig states to hold a copyright in any unpublished to oppose the proliferating governmental uous, misleading, or subject to more than one effort. Registering at the Copyright Office is control of the American farmers. legal interpretation. Moreover, although the not required. The interest is a common law 7. (Health-1977) Continue to oppose any approximately 2,500 political appointees in right to protect the unauthorized publica national health plan that could have a dis the Executive Branch may be somewhat in tions of person's letters. Would H.R. 1 re astrous effect on the overall health care of <>ulated from such an immediate possibility, quire the listing of every item a person Americans. the other 10,000 Executive Branch employees wrote or where do we draw the line? In addi tion, what purpose is served by the dis 8. (The Flag of the United State of Ameri whose reports are open to public examina tion, and who are not political appointees, closure, as H .R. 1 would definitely require, ca-1966, 1977) Reiterate that respect for of a long lost boyhood love song dutifl,llly and honor to the Flag of t he United States can be fired (and have been fired for even of America be strict ly enforced and upheld good faith misinterpretations of financial entered at the Copyright Office 25 years ago? by t he courts. disclosure and conflict of interest rules. And (b) A person who invests in a Broadway while judgment of the initial adequacy and play be a partner in a venture which in EMERGENCY RESOLUTION-PANAMA CANAL inadequacy of financial reporting in the Leg volves copyright, property held in invest Whereas approval of the Panama Canal islative and Judicial branches will be carried ment (costumes and scenery), and securi Treaties has been voted by the required two on by the peers of these who are filing, the ties. How, under H.R. 1, does he divide the thirds of the United States Senate in spite only effective mechanism for reviewing the whole when each part is probably valueless of the overwhelming opposition of the Amer over 14,000 employees who would file public alone? He has a property interest, for in ican people; and reports (and 80,000 who now file and vestment, under the joint substitute, and it Whereas the ominous threat of complete continue to file confidential repor is to is the fact of the interest upon which a Communist domination of the entire Car have control coming from a centralized of conflict of interest may lie if, for example, ibbean area resulting in the encirclement fice . he is an employee of the Securities and of the United Stt:i.tes of America by Com A number of questions have arisen con Exchange Commission investigating offer munist forces has now become inevitable cerning the substance Part A, of the Judi ings to theatre angels. according to plans already formulated by the ciary Committee bill, H.R. 1, to which the ( c) A person who owns shares in a Real Soviet military command as published in Post Office and Civil Service and Armed Estate Investment Trust (REIT) may their official journal, Red Star; Services Committees have prepared a joint actually own interest in real property of Resolved, That t he members of the Na substitute (printed in the Record, April 10, which he has no actual knowledge. How tional Society, Daughters of the American 1978, pages H-2704 and following) derived would be declares under H.R. 1? Revolution, as individuals express deep sor from their reported versions of H.R. 6954 (d) A person who, under one of the new row and apprehension concerning this tragic (House Report 95-M2, Parts I and II). The plans by which one purchases a right to a decision which will insure the continuance of issues are discussed as follows: vacation condominium for set weeks each Soviet Communist expansion and domina A. Section 202(a) (1) (page 21 , lines 15- year (other people purchasing the other tion to the detriment of the United States of 17) of H.R. 1 requires "the source and weeks, and the condominium being rented America and the other free countries of the amount of income, including honoraria, re for the benefit of its co-owners at other world; ceived during the preceding calendar year times) may own real property and securi Resolved, That the members of the Na aggregating $100 or more in value" to be re ties. How does he report under H.R. 1? tional Society, Daughters of the American ported. Literally this means that if income (e) Since patents and copyrights are sui Revolution, as individuals, highly commend received from all sources totals $100 or more generis to trademarks, and H.R. l's cate those Senators who placed loyalty to coun the amount received from each source must gories do not include trademarks, is one try and dedication to its ideals above politi be reported. For example, an individual re violating the law by reporting a trademark cal .expediency and considerations by voting ceives during the year a $12,000 civil serv interest one owns? agamst the Panama Canal Treaties and for ice salary and $5 for cutting his neighbors' C. H.R. 1 consistently requires the report their efforts to preserve and protect this lawn. Both must be reported as to source ing of financial interests held or liabilities strategically important geographic area so and amount since income received during owed "directly or indirectly". What con vital to the security and defense of the the year aggregates $100 or more. It could stitutes indirect holding? Would the follow United States of America and the free -Oe argued that the amounts from each source ing examples constitute indirect holding? world; should be aggregated separately except that An individual transfers title to all real Resolved, That the members of the Na where aggregation by source is intended in property to a revocable trust. Must the real tional Society, Daughters of the American the bill, the bill's provisions specifically so property be reported? Revolution, as individuals, redouble their provide See. page 21, lines 20-21 ("from any An individual sets up a partnership with efforts to insist that this disposal of United one source"); page 22, line 6 ("from any a third party and transfers all financial in States property be brought before the House one source"); page 22, lines 12-14 ("from a terests to that partnership. Must the trans of Representatives and to the courts of the single source" ); page 22, line 18 ("gifts ag ferred financial interests be reported? United States of America for final adjudica gregating $1,000 or more made to any one An individual sets up a close corporation, tion.e recipient"). Given such specificity, section retains 51 percent interest in the corporation 202 (a) ( 1) can only be read to require ag then transfers $100,000 worth of GM stock to gregation of income from all sources, and the corporation. Must the GM stock be re since everyone required to report receives a ported? EXECUTIVE BRANCH FINANCIAL salary of more than $100, the $100 threshold An individual buys a 51 percent interest 1n REPORTING REQUIREMENTS is meaningless. Compare the language used a corporation. The corporation owns $100,000 in the joint substitute: "receives from any worth of GM stock. Must the GM stock be source during such period does not exceed reported? HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER $100 per year." An individual buys $100,000 worth of GM stock. GM has as a wholly owned subsidiary OF COLORADO B. Categorizing Assets. H.R. 1 creates sep a company, XYZ. XYZ is seeking a multi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arate categories for reporting (a) personal mi'lion dollar contract with the reporting in property held in trade of business, (b) Monday, April 24, 1978 dividual's agency. Must the wholly owned transactions in "securities or commodities subsidiary ( XYZ) be reported as an indirect e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I futures," (c) real property holdings or trans interest? Would the answer be any different am inserting in the RECORD , for the infor actions, and (d) interests in patents, copy if the individual owned only one share of rights, or mineral leases (regardless of GM stock? mation of my colleagues, a discussion of value). the differences in reporting requirements A large misconception about the joint sub The joint committee substitute requires stitute is that it will unduly burden in for executive branch employees which reporting on property held for trade or in are contained in H.R. 1 and the substi dividuals with reports about income and in vestment and transactions in such property. terests of business associations and trusts. tute to H.R. 1 developed by the Commit The intentions of financial disclosure are This misconception has come about because tees on Post Office and Civil Service and not served by jumping through hoops. Prop the joint substitute rejects the "directly or Armed Services. The discussion follows: erty is property, and a rose given to a lover indirectly" language and spells out general 11278 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 guidelines of what "directly or indirectly" imbursed the next month) will not occur, which in the process of excepting out for pri probably is meant to mean. The following since the employee can average the debt out vacy's sake creates untold loopholes. language is used in the joint substitute: over the year. Under section 202(d) (3) a naval officer on "(2) (A) Subject to subparagraph (B) of E. Section 201(e) of H.R. 1 provides that a year long cruise or a civilian employee de this paragraph, income, property, and liabili an individual must file a report "before leav tailed to Alaska !or six months would not ties attributable to any partnership, corpora ing" his position. Must an individual who have to file on spouse interests because they tion, or trust (other than a blind trust) in has been fired be kept on the rolls (and paid) were living "separate and apart." which the individual or member of the in until he files a report? Requiring an individ Under section 202(d) (2) no reporting dividual's immediate family holds a substan ual to remain in a job against his will may would be required on a dependent child's tial interest, as determined under regulations be a violation of the 13th Amendment. The controlling interest in Exxon Corporation 1! prescribed by the Director, shall be reported joint substitute requires such reports to be the child had received it from his grand as if directly attributable to such individual filed 30 days after leaving the job. parents. Moreover, a non-dependent child or family member. F. Section 201(b) of H.R. 1-Individuals living in the household of an SEC Commis " (B) Except with respect to the reporting nominated to positions which require "the sion employee could be trading hundreds of of the identity of parties to any transaction, advice and consent of the Senate" must file thousands of dollars daily in the stock mar additional information otherwise required be reports. What about an individual nomi ket and escape disclosure even if he were reported under subparagraph (A) is not re nated for Vice President under the 25th giving all his profits to the same Commis quired to be reported unless a party to such Amendment which also requires House con sion employee. transaction- firmation? The joint committee substitute Examples such as these (there are many " ( i) has, or is seeking to obtain, con specifically accommodates this situation. more of a less outrageous variety) are why tractual or other business or financial rela G. H.R. 1 contains no separate provision the joint substitute contains (a) a tough tions with the reporting individual's em for the reporting of unearned income (or definition regarding immediate family and ploying agency; income other than for personal services). (b) vests authority in the overseers of the (ii) conducts operations or activities Exact amounts of unearned income would be program to make exceptions to unneeded which are regulated by such agency; or reported. disclosure. (iii) has interests which may be substan The joint substitute contains a special This definition of immediate family in tially affected by the performance or non category for reporting income for other than the joint substitute requires reporting of the performance of such individuals official du personal services which aggregate $100 or interests of (a) one's spouse, unless legally ties. more from a source in the calendar year. separated for six months, (b) minor chil The provision hones in on situations which Such income would also be reported by dren, wherever they reside, and ( c) any may cause conflicts of interest. It will not, categories of amount. relative residing in one's household. The for example, require one to file with his On a disclosure form filed under H.R. l, a joint substitute assures the detection of financial disclosure form a copy of all the conflicts of interest where a repor~ing indi person who derived $1 ,000 from interest on a vidual has been in a close relationship with bookkeeping entries and a list of renters savings account at a bank would conse (from each of whom he received indirectly a quently look the same to the world as one a relative. share of income) of an apartment house of Moreover, this definition in the joint sub who worked for the same banks and earned a stitute is based upon the language of Ex which he owned a five percent share, al $1,000. Public review of such reporting could though he might have an indirect interest ecutive Order 11222, which now requires lead to the unfounded conclusion that confidential financial disclosure for Execu in all of the dealings on this apartment numerous thrifty employees were holding house under H.R. 1. He would just have to tive Branch employees, and which would jobs on the side. Since many Executive continue to apply to employees below grade report on the income he received from the Branch employees are prohibited from hold apartment house plus the fact that he held GS-16 if H.R. 1 were enacted. Consequently, ing second jobs, the problem is not a joking enactment of H.R. 1 without adoption of a share in it under the provisions for report matter. Since earned and unearned income ing income and property held for investment the joint substitute will require two types are easily separable, no purpose is served by of disclosure for family members of Federal in the joint substitute. Only where a sub the potential amount of confusion which stantial interest is involved, for example, employees, the more extensive being for non-separation of earned and unearned those under grade GS-16. tantamount to control of the apartment could cause. house, or a close or public corporation, would K . The blind trust provisions of H.R. 1 and H. H.R. 1 permits any gifts valued under the joint substitute are similar. The joint more detailed reporting be required. The $35 to escape detection no matter their num blunderbuss concept of reporting indirect substitute, however, requires such a trust to ber. The joint substitute requires reporting be administered by a person unassociated interests in H.R. 1 is bound to be error prone of gifts aggregating $100 a source, with no with the settlor of the trust. and not a reasonable approach to the detec exemption, and requires additional reporting There is a great debate about whether or tion of conflicts of interest. on gifts from those who might have official not such an animal as a blind trust can real D. Section 202(a) (4) of H.R. 1 requires dealings with the employee. ly exist. However, there can be no doubt that liabilities . . . which exceed $2,500 to be The reception of a gift, lunch, or anything one of the requirements of a blind trust reported. Thus if an individual signs ten else, by an employee in the Executive Branch should be the absence of association (past $2,400 notes with the same bank, none of the which comes from one he officially deals wit h or present) of the trustee or the settlor. liabilities would be reported since none ex is generally grounds for dismissal from the Under H.R. 1, an individual could use the ceeds $2,500 (even though the total of all Civil Service. The public's faith in the Ex family lawyer, former business partner, non liabilities owed the bank is $24,000) . Com ecutive Branch will not be served by opening dependent child, father, mother, girlfriend, pare the joint substitute, which requires the up the loophole H.R. 1 creates: that Federal or boyfriend as trustee. The "insulation" of a reporting of "any liability owed any person, employees may be wined and dined up to $35 blind trust must be two-way. Even if a Fed if the aggregate amount owed such person by those they regulate. eral employee does not know what is in such ... exceeds $2,500." I. H .R. 1 excludes reporting of alimony a trust, if he is associated with the trustee he Morover, one has to know, under H.R. 1, and child support" payments received. The could, unintentionally or intentionally, the person whom the money is owed to ac joint substitute contains no such provision. "spill the beans" about an anti-trust case tually is. A person who, for example, borrows Alimony would be treated as income to the a.bout to be announced, or a large contract on a stock brokerage account cannot easily reporting individual. Child support would about to be let, which his trustee could use to trace to whom he is actually in debt. All he be income to immediate family members. his eventual advantage. It makes little sense knows is that he pays back the broker. The The need for any spe::ial exclusion for such to make even the inadvertent disclosure of same goes with many automobile loans, per payments is debatable. We are, mind you, information which might affect a trustee's sonal loans, mortgage loans, or small busi primarily dealing in financial disclosure leg dealing with the assets of a blind trust ness loans, which may be discounted to other islation with persons with incomes over $36,- possible. 500 per year. Nevertheless, it is rather absurd firms although collected by the original to require the spouse of an individual to the L. Income from the U.S. Government. The holder. Consequently, under H .R. 1, a person source of income received when the same joint substitute requires disclosure of all in could have 100 outstanding $2 .499 "loans" source of income, and probably the same de come, including that received from the from a person he regulates and never report sire to assure its continued receipt, may be United States Government. There is a great any while a person who reported a General present in the case of an ex-spouse who is re need for such disclosure, and it will not, for Motors Acceptance Corporation auto loan quired by law to pay alimony or child most employees in the Executive Branch who which actually had been discounted to the support. are only receiving salaries. involve any new Bank of America would be mic;filin ~ . The J . Section 202(a) of H.R. 1 requires only intrusion upon privacy: salaries of Federal joint substitute would not permit such an certain disclosure in the case of family mem employees are already publicly available. absurdity to occur. bers. Generally reporting is required only of The most impressive case regarding this In addition, the joint committee substitute a spouse residing wit h the reporting individ matter is that of the Federal employee at the permits the yearly averaging of a revolving ual and a reporting individual's dependent Department of Transportation who recently credit card debt. H.R. 1 does not. Under H.R. child and only to the extent to which either was convicted of receiving about $800,000 in 1, needless reporting, such as that of a State a spouse or child's interest are or have been U.S. mass transit funds. Although, of course, Department employee who charges an official entangled with thoEe of the reporting in such a case might be covered up by a willful trip to Japan on his American Express dividual. This subsection is a noble attempt failure to disclose, eliminating the disclosure (which costs $3,000 and for which he is re- at protecting privacy within the family of Federal payments received as one of the April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11279 criteria. which must be checked out during DISCLOSURE OF REPORTS four inspectors to detect fraud and abuse in review or audit of financial disclosure form H.R. 1 requires full disclosure of all reports the $6 billion Federal highway program. directs efforts a.way from a. potential area of filed pursuant to it. There is no review of The Veterans Administration had only one abuse. An even more recent example of, at the reports prior to disclosure. auditor for every $238 million provided it by least, appearance of impropriatey in this area The joint substitute varies the amount of Congress. is the investigation of certain Federal em public disclosure. Political empoyees would The Labor Department devoted only three ployees who review workman's compensation disclose all information they report. Career one-hundredths of one percent of its $23.5 ca..ses and have collected workman's compen employees would disclose only the identities billion budget to investigations and audit. sation. or sourc-es of items in all categories which As these examples suggest, the Govern Other problem areas which could be ig they report except that they would disclose ment's defense against fraud has been nored by not requiring disclosure of Federal the amount of outside income earned. Mili meager. But there are some preliminary signs payments include a Federal employee who tary personnel and career employees below that Congress and various agencies are be works on the side as a consultant to his grade GS-16 would not be required to pub ginning to move to stanch the annual flow agency, a Federal employee who is selling licly disclose their reports. of billions of tax dollars to dishonest execu property to his agency, a. Federal employee Under the joint substitute review is re tives, hospitals, schools, doctors, banks, wel who is wrongfully claiming partial cancella quired of all reports before they are made fare recipients and others who try to bilk the tion of a student loan on the basis of being publicly available. Review of reports, espe Government. Among these signs are the a teacher, and a Federal employee receiving cially of those to be made public, is crucial following: research grant. to preventing public confusion, preventing The House of Representatives is expected M. Job Description. H.R. 1 does not require the public from misinterpreting informa to approve on Tuesday legislation mandating the filing of an employee's job description (if tion in the reports, and perhaps correcting the establishment of a central, semi-autono available) with his financial disclosure form. apparent conflicts of interest. mous office of inspector general in 12 Federal The joint substitute does. With 14,000 executive branch employees agencies that each year spend $100 billion. 10,000 or so of the 14,000 Executive Branch publicly disclosing, the odds are that many Attorney General Griffin B. Bell, in his first employees of whom public financial disclo reports will (not through willfulness) be in year in office, has sought to increase the sure will be required are not high ranking accurate. We have only to view the number efforts of the Justice Department, the Fed political appointees who may be in positions of income tax forms found to have mathe eral Bureau of Investigation and the 94 in which any investment might be affected matical errors to recognize one source of United States attorneys to combat white by a decision they make. Conflicts of interest such errors. Yet, if an employee transposes collar crime, particularly fraud against the for the bulk of Executive Branch employees an error on his tax form onto his financial Government. Al though some experts believe will thus result from financial dealings in disclosure form (and the expectation and that his personnel allocations have not kept narrow areas of concern. It thus makes sense argument is that the forms may be completed pace with his statements, the Attorney Gen to require that the public have available together), H.R. 1 p·ermits no opportunity for eral has emphasized this effort in a series of when reviewing their reports, the general correction of the error through reviews. speeches in which he promised new attacks guidelines of their duties. This will cause the Factor in the possibilities of miscategorizing on white-collar crime. "One serious aspect of public less confusion and since job descrip an asset or missinterpreting a definition and white-collar crime is fraud against the Gov tions are already publicly available (with the problems multiply. Review prior to pub ernment, including Medicare and Medicaid a little trying) will create no burden to em lic availability is a necessity which is recog programs," he said in a speech to the bar ployees themselves.e nized by the joint substitute.e association in Little Rock, Ark. "But fraud is too nice a term. It is theft of Government funds, and that really means stealing from the public. DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL RE U.S. AGENCIES BOLSTER DEFENSES In response to a law approved by Congress PORTS: A BETTER APPROACH FOR AGAINST FRAUD in 1976, largely at the urging of Representa THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH tive L. H. Fountain, Democrat of North Caro lina, the Department of Health, Education, HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS and Welfare has created a. unified and still HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN growing Office of Inspector General, which OF GEORGIA has begun trying to improve the detection OF MARYLAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and prevention of fraud and mismanage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, April 24, 1978 ment in the department's 320 programs. Monday, April 24, 1978 The Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis • Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, last week tration, a branch of the Justice Department, e Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, when I submitted for the RECORD the first ar has made a. series of grants to help local the House considers H.R. 1 on Wednes ticle in a series which appeared in the prosecutors improve their ability to deal with day, Mr. STRATTON will offer a substitute New York Times concerning fraud and economic crimes and to assist states in to part A of title II of this bill. This sub adopting model laws on purchasing and con abuse in Federal programs. Today, I tracts designed to reduce the opportunities stitute contains the joint efforts of the would like to bring to the attention of Committees on Post Office and Civil to steal from the Government. my colleagues the second article in the NEW EFFORTS TO REDUCE FRAUD Service and Armed Services. I urge my series, entitled "U.S. Agencies Starting colleagues to closely examine it. Interviews with a cross section of officials To Bolster Meager Defens es Against and former officials further indicate that a With thousands, rather than hundreds, Fraud." number of agencies, responding to the pres of employees in the executive branch This article points to some of the prob sure developed by Mr. Fountain in hearings being required to file financial reports. lems the Government faces in beefing up of his House Intergovernmental Relations consideration must be given to the varied efforts to weed out fraud and abuse in Subcommittee, have begun to increase their situations in which these employees ob efforts to reduce fraud. Government programs. One of these Allan L. Reynolds, the recently appointed tained their jobs and the varied amounts problems 1s the built-in bias of adminis of disclosure which may be required to inspector general of the Veterans Adminis trators who do not want their programs tration. for example, is in the process of detect conflicts of interest. H.R. 1 just to be identified with cheaters, but who tripling his audit a.nd investigation team, broad brushes all employees into full fi oftentimes are the ones investigators expanding it to 325 persons as against a.bout nancial disclosure to the public. It makes must clear with before initiating an 100 at the end of last year. no distinction between a Federal em investigation. Secretary of Labor Ra.y Marshall an ployee who is a librarian or assistant bu As you know, the House approved last nounced last week the formation of a per reau chief and the President. manent office of special investigations to deal week legislation establishing Offices of with fraud and mismanagement in his de In my opinion, there is a need to make Inspectors General in 11 executive agen partment's programs. such distinctions. The President may be cies and departments. This legislation Despite these and other steps, however, able to call a press conference to explain should solve this particular problem, in many officials cited a variety of continuing away an error in his financial form. The asmuch as the Inspectors General will be psychological, sociological and programmatic librarian of the assistant bureau chief responsible for audits and investigations pressures that mean the Federal Government could call a thousand press conferences only and have no program responsibility is still an easy mark. and probably never have anyone attend to divide their allegiances. LACK OF BUILT-IN INCENTIVES to listen to his explanation. The article fallows: Simply put, the Government lacks some I urge my colleagues to examine the U.S. AGENCIES STARTING To BOLSTER MEAGER of the built-in incentives to protect itself joint substitute and the following discus DEFENSES AGAINST FRAUD from fraud that an individual or a busi ness concern has. sion of the differences regarding disclo (By David Burnham) An individual has limited resources to sure of reports between the substitute WASHINGTON, April 16.-The Department spend and normally is quick to notice when and H.R. 1: of Transportation last year assigned only he is being cheated. Corporate managers 11280 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 must answer to stockholders if they are being by the 50 states. Its supervision at the Fed filcts of Interest In the sense of the ingrained cheated and must disclose the situation on eral level consists of the pa.rt-time effort of biases of an administrator who comes from an their balance sheets. six trained criminal investigators and 13 Industry he ls responsible for, that ls a tough But Government administrators handle program analysts. problem." money that belongs to no one because it LETHARGIC ENFORCEMENT POSSmLE Brent Rushford, who recently joined the comes from everyone, and they often deal Defense Department as an assistant general with people they have never seen and to Such situations tend to breed lethargic en forcement. The experienced head of the fraud counsel to work on the fraud problem whom they are not immediately accountable. agreed. "My own opinion ls that while there Charles F. C. Ruff, the fourth Watergate section in one Federal prosecutor's office said that if he was a local district attorney he are a lot of good reasons for cross fertlllza. prosecutor, now the deputy inspector gen tion, It creates serious problems," he said. "It eral of the Department of Health, Education would not be greatly concerned about fraud against his city or county when as much as ls very hard to switch your loyalties, very and Welfare, touched on the matter in a re hard to drop old loyalties."e cent interview. 90 percent of the funds lost came from Wash Some of the "inducements to heightened ington. criminality," he s::lld, include "very few con "I'd figure that if the Federal Government wants to throw away its money, let the Fed PARREN J. MITCHE~AN ALTER trols on how the money is spent, no im NATIVE MILITARY STRATEGY mediate victims" and low odds that an of eral Government prosecute the cases," he fender will be caught. He added: "No one said. is really being hurt." Moreover, states and local governments are HON. PARREN J. MITCHELL Mark M. Richard, head of the fraud section some t i~es not eager to find corruption in in the Justice Department's criminal divi Federal programs because they might be held OF MARYLAND sion, said, "The problem with fraud, and liable for the repayment of losses from their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES own budgets. with most white-collar crime, is in showing Monday, April 24, 1978 the significance of what was done. It's not a The General Accounting Office has sug sexy area." gested that Federal prosecutors, like their e Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland. Mr. Moreover, Government officials may be dis colleagues at the local level, frequently fail Speaker, one of the most unfortunate inclined to root out corruption because to to prosecute those found to be steallng from the Government because of a lack of man aspects of the national discussion on do so might reflect badly on their programs defense policies and military spending and ultimately damage their careers. Most power. of those interviewed said that program man According to one of its reports, almost two is that it resembles a monolog more agers frequently had an allegiance to the thirds of the 1.2 million criminal complaints than a dialog. The voices appealing for clients or administrative system their pro referred to Federal prosecutors in a recent constructive and less costly alternatives grams were serving, a factor that often un six-year period were not prosecuted, at least to present policies have not been afforded dermined efforts to improve accountability. in part for that reason. Furthermore, the a fair hearing. The only question we Mr. Reynolds, the new Inspector general G.A.0. found that in four sample offices 22 seem to debate each year in Congress is at the Veterans Administration and for percent of the complaints on which the Gov ernment did not act "were considered prose which, not whether our foreign policy or almost 25 years an auditor at H.E.W. and the international position requires us to Interior Department, said: "There ls a cutable." motivation among many program people to CONCENTRATION ON DETECTION maintain a huge defense establishment ward the client or Industry-by this I mean While the hearings by Representative reminiscent of the Cold War. a school or hospital system-that they are Fountain's subcommittee and the statements During the consideration of the first serving. They don't have a high level of con of President Carter about the need for effici budget resolution, I shall raise the issue cern, characteristically, about preventing ency in Government appear to have height of alternative policies and expenditures. fraud and abuse." ened sensitivity to fraud against the Govern Tu prepare for that national priorities He emphasized that he had not been at ment, officials so far have concentrated on debate, I would like to share with my the V.A. long enough to make generallzations detection and prosecution rather than pre a.bout that agency. colleagues a report prepared recently by vention. Yet it is in the area of prevention two eminent military authorities which Robert R. Elliott, the former general coun that many experts believe real improvements sel of the Department of Housing and Urban a.re possible. recommends substantial reductions be Development, said that administrators of For example, Mr. Richard of the Justice low current force levels without jeopard Federal programs had "a tremendous ten Department said that since neither the Fed izing any commitments to our friends dency" to decide that people steallng from eral nor State criminal justice systems could and allies. the Government were doing so by accident adequately cope with the fraud that existed, The report, entitled, "Military Policy rather than design. "It doesn't help a pro the Government should devise programs that gram if its constituents are viewed as and Budget Priorities: Fiscal Years were less subject to abuse. 1979-82," was prepared by Townsend frauds," Mr. Elliott said. "Who wants to find Thomas D. Morris, H.E.W.'s inspector gen his own program full of frauds?" involved in shaping ... Mr.Morris's deputy, Hoopes and Dr. Herbert Scoville. Mr. MEALS FOR 2 .4 MILLION Mr. Ruff, added that his hope was "to reduce Hoopes was Under Secretary of the Air Administrators of programs, and the spon fraud by simplifying government." Force 0967-69), Principal Deputy As sors of them in Congress, tend to concentrate "If all we do is add new reporting forms, if sistant Secretary of Defense for Inter on the social problems their programs are all we do is make Government more compli national Security Affairs 0965-67) , and designed to alleviate and sometimes look cated," Mr. Ruff said, "we might as well fold Assistant to the Secretary of Defense upon controls to prevent fraud as a hin up our t ent and go awav " 0949-52). Dr. Scoville was Assistant Di drance. But interviews with officials throughout the rector of the Arms Control and Disarma The summer food service program for Government indicated that there was no con ment Agency 0963-69), Assistant Direc children, for example, in recent years has certed effort to prevent fraud. tor and Deputy Director of the Central provided meals to 2 .4 milllon children at NO PROJECT ON PREVENTION more than 16,000 places throughout the Intelligence Agency (1955-63) and Tech United States. Peter J . Petkas, director of the management nical Director, Armed Forces Special staff of President Carter's Government re But the General Accounting Office has in organization project, said that his group had Weapons Project, Department of De vestigated the program and uncovered indi no across-the-board project concerning fraud fense <1948-55) . cations of kickbacks, bribes, improper bid Their report concludes that significant ding procedures and questionable claims for prevention. Richard Berg, executive director payments. of the United States Administrative Confer savings can be achieved and our se Another explanation for the Government's ence, an agency designed to improve Gov curity enhanced by a courageous re failure to combat fraud more effectively is ernment procedures, said he could not recall examination and realinement of the the sheer size and complexity of many pro any project by his agency aimed at reducing force structure. grams. The Veterans Administration, for ex fraud. As I intend to use their recommenda ample, provides monetary benefits to more And the Office of Management and Budget tions to provide assistance in developing than six million people. In the fiscal year has repeatedly reduced the size of investigat ing and auditing branches in various agencies military reductions in my transfer 1977, the Defense Department had 10 320 141 amendment to the budget resolution, I "procurement actions" in which it pald $·10,- in the last few years. 000 or more for some item or service, accord According to a number of officials, one urge my colleagues to give it close ing to Brent Rushford, who was recently underlying explanation for the Government's scrutiny. named an assistant general counsel of the broad failure to detect, prosecute and pre It should also be noted, Mr. Speaker, department with a specific mandate to re vent fraud is that program managers fre that their report contains an introduc duce fraud. quently come from the constituencies they tion signed by the presidents of our ma Adding to this complexity is the fact that are serving, expect to join them when they many Federal programs are run by state leave Government service or have financial jor domestic institutions, including the county or city governments. The Labor De~ interests in those areas. U.S. Conference of Mayors, the United partment's $15 billion unemployment insur "The revolving door is a contributing factor Auto Workers, the Urban League, the ance program, for example, ls administered to this problem," Mr. Reynolds said. "Con- American Federation of State, County April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11281 and Municipal Workers, the Interna tablish military bases in those places. In believe that a number of our military deploy tional Association of Machinists, and the our judgment, both superpowers have been ments can be safely reduced, and that such forced in recent years to accept a greater actions would be in the national interest. National Education Association. The in accommodation to the indigenous dynamic They would produce desirable savings in the troduction urges that wasteful defense of local events in an increasingly unman military budget and thus permit the transfer spending be eliminated and that provi ageable world. of funds to socially useful programs. Of equal sions be made for the conversion of un The overall U.S.-Soviet balance remains importance, they would give us a military necessary military production facilities stable. Both the USSR and the United States posture more appropriate to our national to civilian uses. These national leaders possess enormous military power, and both requirements in a period when the primary suggest that unwarranted defense spend countries have been expanding or moderniz foreign policy problems are nonmilitary in ing should be trimmed and transferred to ing their military forces beyond reasonable nature. limits. Both have far more military capability If the military force structure is expanded, domestic programs to revitalize our in the aggregate than they can effectively then it is certain that the longer term costs cities and rural areas. I heartily endorse utilize in conjunction with any foreseeable of manpower, procurement and operations their transfer perspective. international crisis-including total nuclear will dwarf any short-term savings that may I feel that this report, "Military Pol war. The contention that whichever super be realized through greater efficiencies. Deci icy and Budget Priorities: Fiscal Years power spends more of its GNP on military sions made now on force structure questions 1979-82" deserves close attention, for it procurement will automatically gain prestige will determine the character and level of is one of the most serious efforts to swim or leverage in the Third World, or in fore military spending for decades to come. against the tide on military policy issues. seeable crisis situations anywhere, is a highly One principal aim of this paper .is to dubious proposition, as reference to the non broaden the debate over military alterna During this week, I will be inserting each military nature of the overriding global tives, which has been confined within very of the Report's sections, and I will also problems has suggested. It is well known, for narrow limits during the past several years. enter into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD example, that the Soviet Union spends a While the factor of the US-Soviet military some of the press responses to the report. greater proportion of its GNP on agriculture balance is fundamental in such a debate, The first installment, which includes than we do, but this does not make Russia there are many other considerations. Presi the introduction by major domestic lead the world's leading breadbasket; on the con dent Carter has instituted a "zero-based ers and the foreign policy framework set trary, the Soviets must import huge quanti budgeting" technique aimed in part at ties of wheat from us. The CIA recently achieving a balanced budg~t by 1981. This out by Mr. Hoopes and Dr. Scoville, now doubled its estimate of the percentage of So technique forces government agencies to jus follows: viet GNP devoted to military spending, but it tify and "prioritize" their entrenched spend THE FOREIGN POLICY FRAMEWORK did not change its estimate of Soviet military ing programs. Such a process requires the If the United States has suffered foreign capability. The analysis showed, not that we vigorous development and debate of alter policy frustrations recently, none has been are twice as threatened, but that the Soviet native programs; nothing is regarded as the result of U.S. military weakness. Larger economy is twice as inefficient as we had orig sacred, everything is open to question. It is military forces would not have enabled us inally thought. Finally, we see little indica imperative that this "zero-based" technique to roll back the price of oil, manage the tion in present and prospective Soviet policy be applied to our military spending and mili transition from minority white rule in of an aggressive drive carrying with it a will tary commitments, for two reasons: First, Southern Africa, or effect a political settle ingness to run a serious risk of war. there exists a powerful inertia in favor of the ment in the Middle East. Our decision not We need to maintain significant military steady expansion of military programs, sus to intervene militarily· in these situations power. But in an era of slow economic growth tained bye. powerful military-industrial con did not follow from a judgment that our and scarce resources worldwide, the particu stituency. Second, there exists in our society military forces were inadequate, but rather lar size and character of the U.S. defense a strong tendency to accept new military from a considered conclusion that none of budget does not send sensitive or even rele technology, without examining whether it these situations lent itself to a military solu vant "signals" of our intentions to either al will produce greater or lesser security.e tion-indeed that a U.S. military interven lies or potential adversaries. A "real growth" tion could only have exacerbated the diffi military budget is not therefore a pre culties. In part, our sensible restraint was requisite to effective U.S. efforts to confront, QUEEN ISABELLA DAY derived from the painful and sobering les define and resolve major global problems fac sons learned in Vietnam-that there are ing the world today; nor is it a test of our inherent limits to the effectiveness of mili internationalism, in the sense that a reduc HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II tary power as an instrument of policy, tion in the military budget would be read as OF WEST VIRGINIA even for a great power. An equally influ a return to isolationism. We are hardly an ential factor was the commonsense realiza isolationist nation. The Carter Administra IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of our government and people that the tion has launched a whole range of significant Monday, April 24, 1978 critical problems that cut across the world foreign policy initiatives-in the Middle East today-ranging from food shortages, energy and Africa, in Latin America, on nuclear pro e Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I would imbalances, rising national tariff walls, liferation, on Western economic policy, on like to bring to the attention of my large-scale violation of human rights, and arms sales, and human rights. Success in colleagues a proclamation offered by the precarious stability of democratic gov these initiatives demands the concentrated Gov. John D. Rockefeller IV, Governor ernments-cannot be ameliorated by mili attention of our best diplomats and govern of the State of West Virginia, on behalf tary force. ment managers, and they need to be backed of the residents of West Virginia declar Nor is there any significant element in by significant resources, but it does not de pend upon an expansion of U.S. military ing April 22, 1978, as Queen Isabella Day. present or prospective U.S.-Soviet relations This day is set to honor the 527th birth that requires us, rationally, to expand our forces. military forces. Unfortunately, reason and President Carter said recently, "It is a new day of the woman responsible for the dis proportion have frequently conflicted with world that calls for a new American foreign covery of America. the picture painted by proponents of la.rger policy." We agree, and suggest that the mili Whereas, America's Discovery in 1492 was U.S. military spending. They have argued tary posture appropriate to underpin such a made possible through support from Queen that the story of the past decade in world foreign policy is one sufficient to defend the Isabella (1451-1504), Queen of Castile, wife diplomacy is the story of Soviet gains and United States and its principal strategic in of Ferdinance of Aragon; and American losses-caused by rising Soviet terests, but that we neither want nor need a Whereas, the navigator was able to present military power. This seems to us a quite false capacity for extensive military interventions his innovative navigational theories to the picture of reality. Western frustrations and in the Third World. Spanish Court because Queen Isabella had setbacks have been fundamentally unrelated been moved by his honesty and determina to Soviet military strength. Moreover, there THE MILITARY BUDGET tion; and is abundant evidence that the Soviets have The important military bur:lget issues fac Whereas, that voyage opened North and been seeking normalized relations with the ing the American people today relate to force South America to settlement and develop West during this period, in part to gain the structure-how many active Army divisions ment by European nations, laying the foun benefits of Western technology and even of should be deployed, how many Air Force dations for contemporary American socie Western foodstuffs, but even more basically wings should be procured and maintained, ties; and to enhance the security of the USSR. And and how much military force should be "for Whereas, the colonizing of this country Soviet diplomatic forays in the Third World ward positioned" far from our shores. These and the winning of its independence could have been tentative and have not fared well. are the basic questions. The new Adminis have been delayed for many years without The Soviets face continuing dissension in tration has inherited and is carrying forward Queen Isabella's initiative and the success Eastern Europe, are quarreling bitterly with a planned expansion of U.S. military forces. ful voyage of Columbus; and the Euro-communist parties of Western In our view, such an expansion is not war Whereas, Sail explorations gave Spain a Europe, have been expelled from Egypt and ranted at this time either by the general vast empire, Isabella did not treat the NEW Somalia, have lost influence in Syria, and climate of international conditions or by the WORLD with greed or neglect. Many times have been rebuffed by the new countries in present and prospective state of US--Soviet she expressed concern with the plight of the Africa and Indochina in their efforts to es- or US--China relations. On the contrary, we American natives. When Indians were CXXIV--710-Part 9 11282 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 brought back to Spain as slaves, Isabella or issues, voicing my opinion in a constructive RESOLUTION dered them freed; and manner, and being faithful to the call of Whereas, President Carter and the Demo Whereas, The history of America has di duty in the armed services. cratic members of the Congress have publicly rect linkage to the birth of Queen Isabella on People are destroyed for their lack of committed themselves to re-order Federal April 22, 1451; and knowledge. Consequently, a society dies be spending priorities away from wasteful mili Whereas, t he 527th birthday anniversary cause its members are ignorant of the issues tary programs and toward domestic programs of Queen Isabella occurs on April 22, 1978. that affects them. Ignorance works within meeting human needs; and Now, therefore, I , John D. Rockefeller IV, a nation like cancer does within a human Whereas, the security of our nation, our by virtue of the authority vested in me as body. Therefore to perform my obligations city, and our neighborhoods is directly Governor of the State of West Virginia, do I must be aware of the controversies that threatened, daily, by neglected human needs; hereby proclaim April 22, 1978, as "Queen influence me directly or indirectly. Knowl and Isabella Day" in West Virginia, and do urge edge is also the instrument of production Whereas, Pittsburgh does not have the all citizens to observe the day and that in a democratic state in which all citizens financial resources, by itself, to resolve a teachers direct the attention of your stu are to participate. But in order for every number of urgent social, economic, educa dents to the history of Queen Isabella, whose one to be productive they must be well in tional, medical, legal and environmental generosity resulted in generations of immi formed of their responsibilities. The way I problems; and grants from all over the world seeking their can be productive is to do the best I can Whereas, Congress will introduce a TrSins freedom and fortune in the Western Hemis to learn in the classroom and to be open to fer Amendment for Fiscal Year 1979 Federal phere. the news media. Knowledge is a life giving Budget; Now therefore be it In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my source to the principle of human liberty. Resolved, That the Council of the City o! hand and caused the Great Seal of the State As a result of being knowledgeable of the Pittsburgh calls upon Congress to redress to be affixed. major issues I then can perform my second the imbalance between domestic expendi Done at the Capitol in the City of Charles responsibility; to voice my opinion in a con tures and the Pentagon by supporting the ton, State of West Virginia, this the Sixth structive manner. Knowledge is the door transfer of funds from unwarranted military day of April, in the year · of our Lord, One to democracy and practice is the key that spending to human needs programs through Thousand Nine Hundred Seventy-eight and unlocks knowledge. In order for knowledge to the Congressional budget process.e in the One Hundred Fifteenth year of the work it must be used. If I disagree with an State. idea I have the right and the duty to say so. By the Governor: The concept of a "government of the people, LOCKING CONSTITUTIONAL HORNS JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, by the people, and for the people" will not OVER THE PANAMA CANAL Governor. work unless the people do participate and A. JAMES YANCHINE. make their voices heard. To fulfill this re Secretary of State.e sponsibility now and in the future I c3.n HON. GEORGE HANSEN express myself through voting, petitions, and OF IDAHO formal speeches. If this nation is to increase MISSOURI'S VOICE OF DEMOCRACY its greatness, young people like myself and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WINNER others must voice our approval or dissent. We Monday, April 24, 1978 must be willing to accept change for the better through the voice of disagreement of e Mr. HANSEN. Mr. Speaker, although I HON. GENE TAYLOR acceptance and to see our plans curied out. am extremely disappointed in the vote OF MISSOURI The third obligation is to serve my coun last week by the Senate to dispose of the try honorably in one of the military branches Panama Canal without the consent of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES if called upon to do so. The price may seem House of Representatives as required in Monday, April 24, 1978 great but freedom was never free. If the article IV. section 3. clause 2, of the U.S. draft were to be reenacted and I burned my Constitution, I would like to assure my • Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, recently a draft card or fled the country after being young constituent of mine, Mr. Shelby drafted then I would not deserve the pride colleagues in the House that the battle Michael Durham became the representa of saying that I was an American. To march has only just begun. tive for the State of Missouri in the an on foreign soil in order not only to secure Our position is sound and our efforts nual Voice of Democracy scholarship America's liberty, but also to promote de did receive aid because of an amendment program. Shelby was one of over a mocracy and freedom is possibly the greatest to the treaties by Senator BROOKE which quarter of a million young people who thing an individual can do for his country. keeps the President from exchanging in took part in the scholarship program. To be able to say that I served my country struments of ratification until March 31, is a self-recognition that is truly deserved. 1979. This helps assure the House time For tlhe past 16 years, the Veterans of An individual must be willing to protect Foreign Wars and its Ladies Auxiliary America unless he can prove it contradicts to consider several options. We could, for has offered our Nation's youth an op his religious values. instance, reject the administration's im portunity to win a scholarship and par The value of being an American is hard plementing legislation, or propose vari ticipate in our country's post-secondary to put into words if one seeks its true worth, ous amendments to appropriations au education process. In the beginning, one for it is very valuable. The privileges of be thorizations for fiscal year 1979 to deny $1,500 scholarship was awarded for the ing an American to me is the honor of exist funds to be used in connection with the first place winner. Today, the program ing in a st::itus that is respected all over the treaties until such time as the House world. It gives me an identification with our votes on disposition of U.S. property in has grown until the VFW is able to offer forefathers who considered the same three five awards for a total of $22,500. It is responsibilities that I gave as the building the Panama Canal Zone. my hope that they will be able to con blocks of a great nation. Therefore, I view my The fight in the House of Representa tinue this fine service to our youth as role as a citizen very important. I hope to tives has just started, and I would like well as to our Nation. be knowledgeable in America's 11ws and to remind each of my colleagues that it I am proud of Missouri's winner, as issues. I plan to voice my opinion if needed is not too late to sign discharge petition I am sure Shelby's parents and friends and to defend my country spiritually, mor No. 6 as many are doing each day. are in his hometown of Springfield, Mo. ally, and physically. I must strive to fulfill There is no need to point out the mis these responsibilities and if I succeed I will chief which might take place if the con I would like to share Shelby's outstand find myself fulfilling my greatest respon ing speech with my colleagues. sibility and that is giving my entire self to cept of "self-executing treaties" is The speech follows : this beloved country.e allowed to prevail where property dis SHELBY MICHAEL DURHAM , MISSOURI WINNER posal and appropriations are involved. OF 1977-78 V.F .W. VOICE OF DEMOCRACY Once the precedent exists, where will the ScHOLARSHIP PROGRAM TRANSFER AMENDMENT lines be drawn? Wil~ treaty approval In this land of the free we must each ask power further expand to preclude any ourselves how long will it continue to be need for action by the House of Repre free? Will it last another two hundred years? HON. DOUGLAS WALGREN sentatives in matters of foreign policy? This land will only continue to be a land of OF PENNSYLVANIA If the possibilities are expanded, will self freedom as long as its people fulfill their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES executing treaties even allow tax adjust responsibilities as American citizens. Thus, ments and other appropriations.:.type au we must ask ourselves another question, Monday, April 24, 1978 what are the responsibilities of Americans? thority exclusive of House action? And After contemplating this question myself, I e Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, the ultimately, can a President eventually concluded that there are three responsibili council of the city of Pittsburgh, on sign Executive agreements which finally ties that are the most important for a young April 3, 1978. approved a resolution preclude even the Senate in treaty American citizen as myself; the responsibil which I would like to insert in the RECORD matters? ity of being knowledgeable of the major at this time: The Senate via the Brooke amend- April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11283 ment has granted us the time to resolve garding the Panama issue as set by the influenced passage of the Brooke reser the question of a House vote and they Senate is as follows: vation. Senator BROOKE ·..vas a strong have also created a situation whereby First. The DeConcini, of Arizona, res advocate of the Hatch amendment and the House will offer the ultimate resolu ervation, had the situation in chaos just I am sure that he proposed his reserva tion to the Panama issue by accepting 4 days prior to the final vote on the Pan tion in deference to due process and in or rejecting the administration's imple ama Canal Treaty. The "Tale of Two sympathy to House Members. The Brooke menting legislation. Countries" finally shed some light on the reservation was designed to allow needed There are two fights involved-one obvious fraud of selling an agreement time for House action. where each party is giving conflicting as The present situation concerning the over the Panama Canal and one over the Panama situation in the House is as Constitution. I ask that, whatever your surances of the terms. However, I believe feelings regarding the Panama Treaty that the DeConcini reservation is now follows: (1) The Hansen-Murphy resolution, issue, you continue to fight for the rights worthless in light of statements made to of the House and preservation of our ABC's Barbara Walters by Panama's House Concurrent Resolution 347 now proper constitutional role as representa Gen. Omar Torrijos on April 19. Torri has 239 cosponsors and many more sym tives of the people. The House must as jos stated that if the Senate had not rat pathizers in addition, an unprecedented sert itself and preserve the separation of ified the treaties he was prepared to in show of support for legislation involv tervene militarily in the Canal Zone the ing a major controversial issue. This has powers. This constitutional principle been in progress since the treaty signing must remain intact. next morning. He also stated that he would blow the canal up before he would and has become the foundation for a con However, when the will of the House is stitutional defense against the adminis thwarted by certain influences, then we ever allow the United States to inter vene militarily to reopen the canal in tration's railroad job on the Panama must turn to the only legislative tool Canal giveaway in the Senate. The fight capable of alleviating the situation. case of shutdown. These inflammatory statements are given even stronger sup is to save the Constitution. I am sure Therefore, I initiated discharge petition that is why over half of the Members of No . 6 which would allow for immediate port in light of his further remarks on April 21 when he stated that Muammer the House, including the chairman of consideration by the entire House of the committees immediately concerned, House Concurrent Resolution 347 which el-Qaddafi, the terrorist-supporting dic tator of Libya, helped to formulate the have cosponsored the Hansen-Murphy now has 239 cosponsors. Some 170 Mem resolution. This strong manifes tati on of bers have already signed this discharge plans to destroy the canal. Obviously, there is no guarantee by Panama of the support for House action in traditional petition and the number is increasing constitutional fashion has buttressed rapidly. United States right to unilaterally keep the canal open. This, I believe, is a re arguments in the court where constitu DISCHARGE PETITION No. 6 SUPPORTED BY tional confrontations cannot be ignored. COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN JOHN M . MURPHY jection by Panama of the terms of the treaties as passed by the U.S. Senate. a. Immediate action on House Concur . . . It remains of paramount importance rent Resolution 347 has become neces that House Members sign discharge petition (2) The Hatch , H.R. 11201 provides that no military ing appropriations bills. tax system necessarily relies, for the base or U.S. property under the jurisdic IN THE COURTS most part, upon voluntary compliance tion of a secretary of any branch of the The U.S. Supreme Court is now con to finance all but 12 percent of Federal military services can be transferred with sidering accepting the Separation of expenditures. Voluntary compliance out an act of Congress. Over 80 percent of Powers case sponsored by 66 Members of must be founded, in turn, on a prevailing the members of the Armed Services Com Congress. The case originally was dis belief that the laws are just and fairly mittee are cosponsors and letters and missed by the U.S. district court in the administered. The Internal Revenue petitions have been circulated calling for District of Columbia and then appealed Code, however, is comprised of 8 pages early consideration. to a circuit court three-judge panel. of tax rules and tables, and 2,104 pages (3) H.R. 11415 (sponsored by myself) Split decisions <2-1) on substance and of exceptions. is also similar to House Concurrent Reso on a requested injunction prompted the Mr. Speaker, I wish to share with my lution 347 and is in the Committee on case to be accepted by the Chief Justice colleagues a summary of major contrasts Veterans Affairs. This legislation would for decision by the entire Supreme Court. between the September package and the provide that there be no transfer without Some decision is expected immediately. 1978 tax program ultimately sent to an act of Congress of property in Panama Many court cases have been prompted by Congress by the President. Not much in wherein Americans are interred who are the proposed Panama Treaties. the real world has changed in the few in any way the responsibility of the Vet The first was a suit by Members of months since the President was on the erans' Administration. This was intro Congress (HANSEN and McCLURE) to verge of accepting a strong package of duced in reaction to administration re force treaty negotiator Linowitz to take reforms on the advice of his Treasury quests before the House Veterans Affairs obvious conflicts of interest to the U.S. Department. Most of the changes pro Committee for $300,000 to move interred Senate for the normal ambassadorial ad moted then are still good ideas, and for Americans including veterans from vice and consent process since his special the same reasons. I insert this synopsis Mount Hope Cemetery to Corozal in the appointment had allowed a bypass of at this point in the RECORD: Canal Zone in obvious compensation for this usual prerequisite. The second was I. MARRIAGE TAX PENALTY REDUCTION oversight in the proposed treaty agree an early suit by Members of the House Problem: Present law provides a substan ment, and after loud administration and Senate similar to the current case tial disincentive for marriage, encouraging assurances that there would be no cost which was dismissed on technical people to "live together." This is due to to U.S. taxpayers in the Canal Zone grounds. The third was an action dis higher tax rates for joint income where both transfer. missed by the Supreme Court brought partners work, a lower combined zero brack by attorneys general of several States et amount (standard deduction) for couples, (4) H.R. 11634 (sponsored by myself) and the general tax credit which is half as is the administration's proposed treaty supported by Members of Congress to large for a couple as for two single people. implementation legislation. The text is block the treaties on economic grounds The IRS believes the vast majority of two unchanged but the title was expanded to and other factors of concern to those wage earner couples pay a marriage tax. include the necessary functions for the respective States as political entities in September Proposal: In addition to rate Canal Zone transfer as provided by the their own right. The current action has cuts and a unified $250 credit which would Constitution. excellent potential for forcing high Court reduce the penalty somewhat, the Treasury action in that the Senate has voted supported a special working spouse deduc This means authorization for transfer tion equal to 10 per cent of the first $6,000 or disposal as stipulated by Article IV, ,kes to trans risk of infection, it has gotten a reputation the time, she can't watch the monitor con fer medical discoveries into daily practice for being unreliable because the sensors tend tinuously either." to slip when the fetus or the woman change Similar points have been made by other once we know they will improve patient position and become capable of either missing critics, even those willing to give monitoring care. At the same time we must prevent .or falsely identifying fetal distress. Besides, the benefit of the doubt. In Atlanta, Judy premature use of technology of unproven some scientists are worried that, because ul Rooks, a certified nurse-midwife, agreed to value which may trigger discomfort and trasound is a form of radiation, it may ulti submit to monitoring because she had lost long-term side effects in the patient. A mately prove to have delayed detrimental ef a previous baby and was clearly having a solution must be found to the maldistri fects on the child, even though the wattages problem pregnancy. bution of medical technology, which, like are very low. · Because of her own professional experience our physicians, is highly concentrated in No one has been injured yet by external she could tell that her uterus wasn't relaxing monitoring, insofar as is known, but there between contractions a.s it should. But when large metropolitan areas. have been a number of accidents with its she pointed this out to a. nurse and asked An outstanding case study of one in internal counterpart. A Georgia woman died her to feel for herself by putting a hand on stance of medical technology-fetal when part of the uterine monitor behind her her uterus, the woman suggested instead monitors-was done by Judith Randal in baby's head was somehow pushed into a large until Rooks insisted otherwise-that she the Outlook Section of the Washington blood vessel and the fluid surrounding the just turn the knob on the machine so that Post on April 16. I include her fine in infant got into the bloodstream, causing a the tracings would go back to where they vestigative report in the CONGRESSIONAL fat al clot. were supposed to be. Scalp abscesses are fairly common among "Monitors are somewhat like TV sets," ex RECORD. I can think of no recent article monitored infants and deaths have been plains Rooks, who is nonetheless grateful to which provides a better backdrop for the recorded among them, too. What happened her obstetrician for having provided her with Health Subcommittee's hearings this to two newborns whose mother had herpes a healthy son. "It's hard to know when the week on medical technology: virus infections in their vagina at the time picture goes awry whether the trouble is in Is FETAL MONITORING SAFE?-WIDELY USED of labor is illustrative. The babies picked up the set or at the broadcasting station. There TECHNIQUE NEEDS MORE TESTING the infection, which does not respond to is tendency to nurse the monitor and not nurse the pa.tient and if she (the nurse] had (By Judith Randal) drugs, through the place where the electrode had broken the skin on their heads and, de been nursing me and not the monitor, she Angela Miller was a healthy young woman spite all efforts to save them, died when the wouldn't have needed my expertise to tell facing the prospects of an uncomplicated spread of the virus could not be controlled. her that something was wrong." first pregnancy. The 27-year-old wife of a Mishaps like this are to be expected from PROBLEMS IN TECHNOLOGY telephone company employe had been born any medical technology. Even a mainstay as in a hospital and expected that her baby Nor, seemingly, ls misinterpretation the benign as penicillin causes an occasional only potential pitfall. Tha.t internal moni would be too. But when she learned that her death from a severe allergy reaction known obstetrician was likely to wire her and her toring has disclosed information important as anaphylactic shock. The question with to patient care is not in dispute. It is a unborn infant to a machine during labor, she fetal monitoring is whether the risks are ac turned for prenatal care to Maternity Cen visual tool and so has sensitized nurses and ceptable relative to the benefits. obstetricians to the immediate harmful effect ter Associates, a Maryland group of certified DEATH RATE DECLINES midwives, and made arrangements to be de of some drugs on the fetus and such benefits livered at her Sterling Park, Va., home. Alli Monitoring enthusiasts claim that new as placing the laboring mother on her left born death rates plummet where the tech side. Still, skeptics like Rooks and Haver son Kay was born April 5. She and her mother camp have a number of other concerns. are fine. nology is used. It is true that the nation's track record on infant mortality has im For one thing, the technology requires the Fetal monitoring, the major factor in Mil proved somewhat. But whether monitoring mother to be fitted with an intravenous drip ler's decision to seek out the midwife group, can claim the credit or whether at least a and to lie on her back, although she can has become an important part of medical share of it must go to such other factors as turn from side to side-this at a time when practice in the last 5 years or so. Already, more readily available prenatal care, legal it is natural for a woman to walk around however, it has become controversial not only abortion and family planning services which a great deal to relieve both her physical dis because about 90 percent of the nation's hos prevent high-risk women from becoming comfort and her emotional anxiety. The posi pitals where babies are delivered already pregnant isn't all that clear. tion also puts the weight of the uterus and have installed the equipment, but also be In one study made in Vermont by Dr. John the fetus on the blood vessels of the placenta., cause no one really know whether it should Wennberg of the Harvard School of Public diminishing its ability to provide nourish be routine for all pregnancies or, for that Health, the newborn death rate dropped 30 ment to the baby in the crucial hours before matter, whether it does more harm than good. percent between 1969 and 1974 in the hospi it ls born. The idea behind monitoring ls that the tal affiliated with a medical school where Another of the technology's requirements, use of electronic listening devices in the ma fetal monitoring had been introduced. But that the bag of waters, or amniotic sac en ternity suite will be more effective than the the same gains in infant survival occurred in casing the fetus, be broken early to permit stethoscope or the traditional laying on of the rest of the state's hospitals, suggesting the insertion of the. instrumentation, is re hands in alerting doctors and nurses to that influences other than this technology garded with suspicion, too. While such ad "fetal distress," medical parlance for any one had been at work. vocates of monitoring as Dr. L . Stanley James 11288 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978 of the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center particularly if it ls delivered earlier than it sales said to be running $25-30 million a in New York claim that any resulting infec would have been otherwise. It is thought year. The firm with by far the largest share tion can easily be handled by antibiotics, that even a few days ca ~ 1 spell the dili erencr. of the market is Corometrics in Wallingford, this is not necessarily the case. between a baby whose lungs function nor Conn., now a subsidiary of the American Moreover, while those who, like James, mally and one who, assuming that it lives at Home Products Corp. Dr. Hon is a con claim that infection is a small price to pa.y all, develops respiratory distress syndrome sultant to Corometrics and owns stock in for a baby who might otherwise be hand (hyaline membrane disease) and th- s m .;;st both it and American Home Products.e icapped by lifelong mental retardation, no spend days, weeks or even months in a one has come up with hard and fast P.vidence neonatal ,intensive care fa~ili ty at a cost of that monitoring actually achieves this result. $10,000 or more. LEGISLATION TO CHANGE FORMULA And though no studies of the problem have To be sure, there is a feeling among experi;s FOR VOCATIONAL REHABil..ITA been done in the Unite:l States, there is a that if a baby is destined to be born weighing TIONFUNDS growing suspicion in some other countries 3 pounds or less, fetal monitoring, ca.esarian that the pressure brought to bear on the or both will increase its chances of survival. baby's brain by early rupture of the mother's But one study suggests that the mothers of HON. MARIO BIAGGI membranes may itself diminish the infant's these tiniest prematures have been those OF NEW YORK potential IQ. least likely to be monitored and, like so much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By far the most serious charge leveled at about this entire subject, the theory has yet fetal monitoring, however, is that it tends to to be put to a rigorous test. Monday, April 24, 1978 confuse fetal stress which is normal with With national health insurance now a fetal distress which is not and so is primarily distinct possibility, it might be best to • Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, last week I re~ponsible for the nation's es~alating caesa declare a moratorium on the wholesale use of was joined by my colleagues Mr. ZEFER rian section rate. fetal monitoring, particularly for low risk ETTI and Mr. MILLER of California in According to data collected by the National women, until more of the answers about it sponsoring H.R. 12195 legislation to Center for Health Statistics, the rate has are in. Unfortunately, the technology is amend the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. more than doubled since 1971 to the point changing so fast that it is increasingly The bill specifically addresses itself to where 11.4 percent of American babies are difficult to evaluate. Besides, the practice has reforming the antiquated method by being surgically removed from their mothers· become so ubiquitous that obstetricians, which vocational rehabilitation funds are wombs. In some hospitals relying heavily on understandably, are reluctan"; to participate monitoring, in fact, as many as one in five in in con trolled clinical trials lest they be sued directed into the States. fants comes into the world without passing by someone in the study from whom The present formula was adopted in through the mother's birth canal. James monitoring is withheld. 1954 and modeled after the Hill-Burton and other monitoring enthusiasts :;a.y that, The day obviously will come when an Hospital Survey and Construction Act. properly used, it should reduce rather t han obstetrician is sued because fetal monitoring The formula was based on population increar:o the C-section rate, but no study has is alleged to have injured a woman or her weighted by an inverse per capita income supported their contention to date. baby. Meanwhile, at least one physician factor which is squared thereby giving Again, advocates say that more C-sections already has been brought to court on mal additional weight to the low per capita make for better. healthier bab;es. And again, practice charges that he is culpable for his income St.ttention of the U.S. obstet $8.62, California $4.35, Arkansas $8.87, long in the hospital, 7 to 8 days, as those rical community. delivering vaginally, longer if some com A system capable of both kinds of moni Illinois $4.16. I wish to insert at this plication like infection intervenes. Whereas torin~ typically costs a hosoi tal $6.500 to point in the RECORD a table prepared for the average vaginal delivery costs $700, the $7,500. depending on its sophistication, and Senator JAVITS, whose bill S. 2142 mine typical C-section runs to at least $3 .000. adds $75-$100 to the cost of a delivery. Six is modeled after, by the Congressional The infant may have to stay longer, too U.S. companies are in the business, with Research Service. Vocational Vocational Population a~es rehabilitation Fiscal year Population aves rehab ilitation Fiscal year ages 18-64 (as of appropriat io n appropriation per ages 18-64 (as of appropriat ion appropriation per July 1, 1976) (fi scal year 1978) person, ll!-64 July l , 1976) (fiscal year 1978) person , ll!-64 Alabama ______2, 113, 000 $18, 103, 094 $8. 57 Nebraska______884, 000 5, 032, 964 5.69 Alaska __ -- ______231 , 000 2, 000, 000 8. 66 Nevada ______------_____ 372, 000 2, 000, 000 5. 38 Arizona ------______l, 295, 000 8, 526, 789 6. 58 New Hampsh ire______478, 000 3, 282 , 747 6. 87 Arka nsas _-- ______1, 181, 000 10, 472, 837 8. 87 New Jersey______4, 388, 000 18, 376, 436 4. 19 Californ ia______13, 106, 000 57, 035, 827 4. 35 New Mexico______666, 000 5, 647, 884 8. 48 Colorado______1, 568, 000 8, 295, 388 5. 29 New York ______10, 814, 000 47, 714, 258 4. 41 Connecticut______1, 885, 000 7, 017, 813 3. 72 North Carol ina ______3, 277, 000 24, 464, 797 7. 47 Delaware ______351 , 000 2, 000, 000 5. 70 North Dakota ______------364, 000 2, 472, 049 6. 79 District of Columbia______437, 000 5, 427, 250 12. 42 Oh io______6, 309, 000 36, 617, 086 5. 80 Flor id~--______4, 748, 000 29, 138, 423 6. 14 Oklahoma ______1, 609, 000 11, 529, 952 7. 17 Georg ia ______2, 920, 000 21, 133, 655 7. 24 Oregon ______1, 382, 000 8, 109, 804 5. 87 Guam ______.. _____ . ____ ._ ... _.. ______. ______. ___ . ___ ._.____ Pennsylvania______7, 072, 000 39, 945, 506 5. 65 Hawa ii______544,000 2, 310, 785 4. 25 Puerto Rico (1973 total population) ______2, 951, 000 22, 368, 458 7. 58 Idaho ______472, 000 3, 344, 923 7. 09 Rhode Island ______545, 000 3, 264, 733 5. 99 llli~ois_ ... _.. _.. ___ .... __ . ___ . ___ . ____ 6, 616, 000 27, 499, 339 4. 16 South Carol ina ______1, 677, 000 13, 905, 312 8. 29 Indiana ______3, 092, 000 19, 066, 756 6. 17 SC>uth Dakota______383, 000 2, 799, 957 7. 31 Iowa ______.. __ ------___ ... ______... J, 630, 000 9, 036, 986 5. 54 Tennessee______2, 489, 000 19, 262, 813 7. 74 Kansas______1, 349, 000 7, 200. 397 5. 34 Texas ______7, 279, 000 46, 756, 113 6. 42 Kentu ~ky______1, 98?, 000 15, 919, 071 8. 01 Utah ______680, 000 5, 559, 165 8.18 Lou isi ana ______------2, 177, 000 18, 074, 413 8. 30 Vermont______274, 000 2, 123, 949 7. 75 Maine ___ _.. __ ._._ .. ______. 611, 000 4, 967, 235 8. 13 1 V!rg!n. Islands _____ ------5-59 Maryland _____ . __ .... ______.__ 2, 534, 000 11, 455, 890 4. 52 V1rg1n1a . ______3, 075, 000 17, 499, 157 . Massachusetts ______3, 453, 000 18, 212, 747 5. 27 Wash ington ______2, 159, 000 11, 079, 348 5.13 Michigan ______.. __ . ______.. ______. 5, 359, 000 26, 886, 001 5. 02 West Virgin ia ______.. ______1, 063, 000 8, 538, 262 8. 03 Minnesota ______.______2, 278, 000 13, 303, 546 5. 84 Wiscons in ______._ 2, 653, 000 16, 785, 908 6. 33 Mississippi _. ___ . . ______1, 281 , 000 13, 402, 867 10. 46 Wyom in g ___ .. ______232, 000 2, 000, 000 8. 62 Missouri______2, 760, 000 18, 198, 853 6. 60 Montana ______435,000 2,886,498 6. 64 1 Total , Un ited States______129,488, 000 758,054,041 5.854 April 24, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11289 The present formula has been sub Office of the Senate Daily Digest-desig Bank Board and the National Insti jected to much criticism but little has nated by the Rules Committee-of the tute for Building Sciences. time, place, and purpose of all meetings S-128, Capitol been done in the way of substantive Appropriations change. One amendment adopted in when scheduled, and any cancellations Interior Subcommittee 1970 increased the Federal match to a or changes in meeting as they occur. To continue hearings on proposed uniform 80 percent. In 1973, the mini As an interim procedure until the com budget estimates for FY 79 for the mum State allotment was raised to $2 puterization of this information becomes Department of the Interior, and re million. The results of a study mandated operational, the Office of the Senate lated activities. by Congress in 1973 may have provided Daily Digest will prepare this informa 1114 Dirksen Building the main impetus for change. The sur tion for printing in the Extensions of Appropriations State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary vey done by the DHEW was critical of Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL Subcommittee the present formula and recommended RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of To hold hearings on budget estimates that greater emphasis be placed on the each week. for FY 79 for the Arms Control and total population. They charged that the Any changes in committees scheduling Disarmament Agency, Foreign Claims current Hill-Burton formula does not will be indicated by placement of an Settlement Commission, Japan-U.S. allocate funds in close proportion to the asterisk to the left of the name of the Friendship Commission, and the incidence of the best estimated of VR unit conducting such meetings. Legal Services Corporation. target population. The study further rec Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, S-146, Capitol Appropriations ommended that any change in formula April 25, 1978, may be found in Daily Transportation Subcommittee be spaced out over a time period to avoid Digest of today's RECORD. To hold hearings on budget estimates major disruptions. MEETINGS SCHEDULED for FY 79 for ConRail and the U.S. My bill proposes a gradual 5-year Railroad Association. change in the present VR formula APRIL 26 1318 Dirksen Building through a process of "phasing in" the 8 :45 a.m. Armed Services total population factor in each State. Judiciary To mark ups. 2571, FY 79 authorizations To resume consideration of S. 1874, to for military procurement. This would result in vocational rehabili allow consumers and other parties 212 Russell Building tation funds in future years being dis who have not dealt directly with an Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs tributed in the following way- antitrust violator to recover their dam Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee Fiscal year 1979-20 percent by popu ages under the antitrust laws. To hold hearings on S. 2726, 2798, 2800, lation-80 percent current formula. 2228 Dirksen Building and 2931, bills to amend the housing Fiscal year 1980-40 percent by popu 9:00 a.m. act. lation-60 percent current formula. Commerce, Science and Transportation 5302 Dirksen Building Fiscal year 1981-60 percent by popu Science, Technology, and Space Subcom Commerce, Science, and Transportation mittee To hold oversight hearings on the lation-40 percent current formula. To hold oversight hearings to examine Fishery Conservation and Manage Fiscal year 1982-80 percent by popu the science and technology aspects of ment Act (P.L. 94-265). lation-40 percent current formula. the Federal Research and Develop 235 Russell Building Fiscal year 1983-100 percent by popu ment budget. Energy and Natural Resources lation. 5110 Dirksen Building To consider pending calendar business. This is perhaps the fairest approach Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee which offers the best hope for real re To hold hearings on S. 2913 and S. 2914, Environment and Public Works form. It guarantees that no State will to amend the Federal Land Policy and Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee lose any funds over the next 4 years, but Management Act so ~s to conform the To mark up FY 79 authorizations for also provides a more realistic share of interest rate therein to yield on cer the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. the Federal dollar. The extent to which tain tax exempt bonds and U.S. obli S-126, Capitol each State would benefit is dependent gations. Finance on the total amount authorized for the 3110 Dirksen Building Public Assistance Subcommittee bill. With a modest $215 million increase Human Resources To continue hearings on S. 2084, to re Employment, Poverty, and Migratory La place the existing Federal welfare between now and fiscal year 1983, hard bor Subcommittee program wiith a single coordinated pressed States would receive as much as To continue markup on S . 2570, to ex program. 90 percent more in additional VR Fed tend the Comprehensive Employment 2221 Dirksen Building eral funds. Training Act (CETA). Foreign Relations We have reached an important stage 4232 Dirksen Building Foreign Assistance Subcommittee in the history of the Rehabilitation Act. 9 :30 a.m. To hold hearings on S . 2846, the pro It is imperative that the act reflect the Armed Services posed International Security Assist realities of today by directing its funds General Legislation Subcommittee ance Act. To consider S. 1708, to prohibit the sale 4221 Dirksen Building in a way where it helps the most people of certain defense articles from the who are in need of services. The present Governmental Affairs stocks of the Department of Defense. Intergovernmental Relations Su bcommi t formula inhibits the bill from achieving 224 Russell Building tee its true mandate which is to make serv Environmental and Public Works To hold hearings on public attitudes ices available to eligible individuals and Regional and Community Development toward Congressional review of Fed to equalize access to such services across Subcommittee eral programs. the States. This change in formula is an To mark up S. 1816, authorizing funds 6202 Dirksen Building for a program of research, develop essential first step which must be ment, and demonstration of guayule Rules and Administration adopted if we are to make these improve rubber production. To resume hearings on C-:. Res. 160, to ments. I am a member of the House 4200 Dirksen Building reorganize administrative services of Select Education Subcommittee which Judiciary the Senate, and to consider other leg will be marking up legislation to extend Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee islative matters. the Rehabilitation Act. I hope to offer To resume oversight hearings on ICC's 301 Russell Building price regulation in the motor common Select Indian Affairs my formula change as an amendment To hold hearings on S. 2358 and 2588, to and welcome any and all support.• carrier industry. 2228 Dirksen Building declare that the U.S. hold in trust for Judiciary the Pueblo tribes of Zia and Santa SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS Criminal Laws and Procedures Subcom Ana respectively, certain public do mittee main lands. Title IV of the Senate Resolution 4, To hold hearings on the subject "Ter 6226 Dirksen Building a.greed to by the Senate on February 4, rorism in Today's Society". 10:30 a.m. 1977, calls for establishment of a system 457 Russell Building Governmental Affairs 10:00 a .m . Governmental Efficiency and the District for a computerized schedule of all meet Appropriations of Columbia Subcommittee ings and hearings of Senate committees, HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommit To mark up H.R. 7747, to amend the subcommittees, joint committees. d tee D.C. Code with regard to pretrial committees of conference. This title re To hold hearings on budget estimates release or detention. quires all such committees to notify the for FY 79 for the Federal Home Loan SB-6, Capitol 11290 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1978
1:30 p.m. for FY 79 for the Civil Rights Com 10:00 a .m. Conferees mission, EEOC, and on supplemental Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry On S. 1678, to amend and extend appropriations for FY 78. Foreign Agricultural Policy Subcommittee through FY 79 the Federal Insecticide, S-146, Capitol To continue hearings on S. 2385, S. 2405, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Appropriations and S. 2504, bills to authorize the H-140, Capitol HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Commodity Credit Corporation to fi 2:00 p.m. To continue hearings on proposed nance export credit sales of agricul Appropriations budget estimates for FY 79 for HUD, tural commodities. Transportation Subcommittee and related agencies. 322 Russell Building To hold hearings on budget estimates 1318 Dirksen Building Appropriations Finance for FY 79 for the National Transpor HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee tation Safety Board and the ICC. To hold a business meeting. 2221 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budget 1224 Dirksen Building estimates for FY 79 for HUD and re Appropriations Foreign Relations East Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcom lated agencies. Stat e, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 1318 Dirksen Building Subcommittee mittee To hold hearings on budget estimates To hold hearings on the current situa Appropriations For FY 79 for the FCC, Federal Mari tion of U.S.-Japanese bilateral rela State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary time Commission, FTC, International tions. Subcommittee Trade Commission, and on supple 4221 Dirksen Building To receive testimony on budget esti mental appropriations for FY 78. Governmental Affairs mates for fiscal year 1979 for the De S-146, Capitol To resume hearings on S. 991, to create partments of State, Justice, Commerce, 2:30 p .m. a separate Cabinet-level Department the Judiciary, and related agencies. Armed Services of Education. S-146. Capitol To continue mark up of S . 2571, 3302 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources FY 79 authorizations for military 10:30 a .m. Parks and Recreation Subcommittee procurement. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on s. 88, to add addi 212 Russell Building To continue oversight hearings on the tional lands to the Sequoia National Foreign Relations Fishery Conservation and Manage Park, California, and S. 1906, to estab To hold hearings on the nominations of ment Act (P.L. 94-265). lish the Channel Islands and San ta William B. Edmondson, of Nebraska, 235 Russell Building Monica Mountains National Park and to be Ambassador to the Republic of 2:00 p .m. Seashore in California. South Africa, and David Bronheim, of Appropriations 3110 Dirksen Building State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary the District of Columbia, to be an Foreign Relations Assistant Administrator of the Agency Subcommittee for International Development, to be To hold hearings on budget estimates Foreign Assistance Subcommittee followed by a business meeting. for FY 79 for the Renegotiation To hold hearings on S. 2646, FY 79 au S-116, Capitol Board, SEC, and on supplemental ap thorizations for development assist propriations for FY 78. ance programs. APRIL 27 4221 Dirksen Building 9:00 a.m. S-146, Capitol Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Conferees MAY 1 Foreign Agricultural Policy Subcommittee On S. 1678, to amend and extend 9:30 a .m. To hold hearings on S. 2385, S. 2405, and through FY 79 the Federal Insecti Environment and Public Works S. 2504, bills to authorize the Com cide, Fungicide, and Rodenticidc Act. To resume consideration of proposed modity Credit Corporation to finance H-140, Capitol highway legislation. export credit sales of agricultural APRIL 28 4200 Dirksen Building commodities. 9:00 a.m. 10 :00 a.m. 324 Russell Building Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on the nomination ot Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Energy and Natural Resources To mark up proposed legislation author Energy Research and Development Sub John K . Mansfield, of Connecticut, to izing funds for those programs which committee be Inspector General of the Depart fall within the committee's jurisdic To resume mark up of S. 2692 and S. ment of Energy. tion. 2693, FY 79 and authorizations for the 3110 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building Judiciary Department of Energy. Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building Constitution Subcommittee Judiciary To continue hearings on S.J. Res. 65, to Parks and Recreation Subcommittee Constitution Subcommittee amend the Constitution so as to pro To hold hearings on H.R. 6900, S. 929, To resume hearings on S.J. Res. 65, to vide for representation of the District 2659, 2663, 2664, and 2705, bills to amend the Constitution so as to pro of Columbia in Congress. amend the National Trails Systems vide for representation of the Dis 5110 Dirksen Building Act. trict of Columbia in Congress. 9:30 a .m. 3110 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works Foreign Relations 9 :30 a.m. Resources Protection Subcommittee To resume hearings on FY 79 authoriza Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue consideration of proposed tions for foreign assistance to Korea To resume markup of S. 2065, 2470, and resource protection legislation. related to the withdrawal of U.S. 2546, to prescribe policies and procedures 4200 Dirksen Building forces, and on S. 2420, proposed Inter to protect consumer rights in relation to Human Resources national Development Cooperation the electronic fund transfer system. To consider S. 2450, FY 79 authorizations Act. 5302 Dirksen Building for Community Mental Health Centers 4221 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works and for biomedical research; S. 2466, to MAY 2 establish a National Institute of Health Resource Protection Subcommittee 9 :00 a.m. To resume consideration of proposed re Care Research; S. 2474, to extend through FY 1983 the Public Health Judiciary sources protection legislation. To hold hearings on the nominations of 4200 Dirksen Building Service Act; and S. 2579, to establish a President's Commission for the Pro Cristobal C. Duenas, to be Judge for Judiciary tection of Human Subjects of Biomedi the district court of Guam; Alfred To hold hearings on S. 1382, to establish cal and Behavioral Research. Laureta, of Hawaii to be Judge for the criteria for the imposition of the sen 4232 Dirksen Building district court for the Northern Mari tence of death. Judiciary ana Islands; Len J. Paletta, to be U.S . 2228 Dirksen Building To resume consideration of S . 1874, to al District Judge for the western district Criminal Laws and Procedures Subcom low consumers and other parties who of Pennsylvania; and Leonard B. Sand, mittee have not dealt directly with an anti to be U.S. District Judge for southern To resume hearings to examine the ero trust violator to recover their damages dis~rict of New York. sion of law enforcement intelligence under the antitrust laws. 2228 Dirksen Building gathering capabilities. 2228 Dirksen Building 9 :30 a .m. 424 Russell Building Select Small Business Environment and Public Works 10:00 a .m . To hold hearings on S. 836, to amend To mark up proposed legislation author Appropriations the Small Business Investment Act so izing funds for those programs which State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary as to provide an adequate guarantee fall within the committee's jurisdic Subcommittee for participating surety companies. tion. To hold hearings on budget estimates 424 Russell Building 4200 Dirksen Building April 25, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11291 10:00 a .m. opment research with USDA and the 10:00 a .m. Appropriations State land grant system. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Transportation Subcommittee · 322 Russell Building Communications Subcommittee To hold hearings on budget estimates 9 :00 a.m. To hold hearings on S. 2211, the Inter for FY 79 for the Office of the Secre Governmental Affairs national Maritime Mobile Satellite tary, DOT. Governmental Efficiency and the District of Telecommunications Act. 1224 Dirksen Building Columbia Subcommittee 235 Russell Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue hearings on proposed new MAY 9 criminal code for the District of Co To continue markup of proposed legis 9:00 a .m. lation authorizing funds for those lumbia. *Judiciary programs which fall within the com 3302 Dirksen Building Improvements in Judicial Machinery Sub mittee's jurisdiction. 9 :30 a .m. committee 5302 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works To resume hearings on S. 1314, to pro To continue markup of proposed legis Energy and Natural Resources vide that State and Federal prisoners lation authorizing funds for those pro may petition Federal courts in a writ Business meeting on pending calendar grams which fall within the commit business. of habeas corpus. tee's jurisdiction. 2228 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building Finance 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. Public Assistance Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Appropriations To continue hearings on S. 2084, to re To continue markup of proposed legisla Transportation Subcommittee place the existing Federal welfare tion authorizing funds for those pro To hold hearings on budget estimates for programs with a single coordinated grams which fall within the commit FY 79 for the Office of the Secretary of program. tee's jurisdiction. Transportation. 2221 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations *Commerce, Sciences, and Transportation MAY 10 To continue hearings on FY 79 author Communications Subcommittee 9:00 a .m. izations for foreign assistance to Tur To continue hearings on S. 2883 and S. Commerce, Science, and Transportation key and Greece, and on S . 2420, pro 2901, aut horizations for the Corpora Consumer Subcommittee posed International Development Co tion for Public Broadcasting for fiscal To hold hearings on S. 2782, to protect operation Act. years 1979-1983. consumers from misrepresentative ad 4224 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building vertising of gold and silver jewelry. Judiciary Energy and Natural Resources 235 Russell Building Constitution Subcommittee Business meeting on pending calendar 9 :30 a .m . To resume hearings on S. 35 , the pro business. 3110 Dirksen Building Judiciary posed Civil Rights Improvements Act. Citizens and Shareholders Rights and 6226 Dirksen Building MAY5 Remedies Subcommittee Select Indian Affairs 3 :00 a.m. To resume oversight hearings on the To hold hearings on S. 857, to provide Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry rights and remedies of insurance policy Federal financial education assistance Agricultural Research and General Legis holder.;;. to Hawaiian natives. lation Subcommittee 5110 Dirksen Building 1202 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on the status of MAY 15 nonfarm, nonfood, and fiber rural de MAY 3 velopment research with USDA and 10:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m. the State land grant system. Judiciary Governmental Affairs 322 Russell Building Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee Governmental Efficiency and the District 9:30 a.m. To resume oversight hearings on ICC's of Columbia Subcommittee Environment and Public Works price regulation in the motor common To hold hearings on pronosed new crimi To continue markup of proposed legis carrier industry. nal code for the District of Columbia. lation authorizing funds for those pro 2228 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building grams which fall within the commit MAY 16 Judiciary tee's jurisdiction. 10:00 a.m. Constitution Subcommittee 4200 Dirksen Building Appropriations To continue hearings on S . 35, the pro Veterans' Affairs Transportation Subcommittee posed Civil Rights Improvements Act. To markup S. 2398, to extend the period To hold hearings on budget estimates for 1202 Dirksen Building of eligibility for Vietnam-era veterans' FY 79 for the Department of Transpor 9:30 a .m. readjustment appointment within the tation. Federal Government; H.R. 5029, au 1224 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works t horizing funds for hospital care and To continue mark up of proposed legis Commerce, Science, and Transportation medical services to cert ain Filipino Science, Technology, and Space Subcom lation authorizing funds for those pro combat veterans of WW II; and S. 2836, grams which fall within the commit mittee to amend the Veterans' Administration To hold hearings jointly with the Senate tee's jurisdiction. Physician and Dentist Pay Compara 4200 Dirksen Building Banking Subcommittee on Interna bility Act. tional Finance on technology exports 10 :00 a.m. 412 Russell Building and research and development invest Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 10:00 a .m . ments. To continue markup of proposed legis Appropriations 6226 Dirksen Building lation authorizing funds for those Transportation Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs programs which fall within the com To hold hearings on budget estimates for Financial Institutions Subcommittee mittee's jurisdiction. FY 79 for the St. Lawrence Seaway To resume hearings on S . 2096, Right to 5302 Dirksen Building Development Corporation, the Re Financial Privacy Act, and S. 2293, to *Commerce, Science, and Transportation search and Special Programs Direc modernize the banking laws with torate, Department of Transportation, Communications Subcommit tee regard to the geographic placement of and the Minority Business Resources electronic fund transfer systems. To hold hearings on S. 2883 and S. 2901, Center. authorizations for the Corporation for 5302 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building MAY 17 Public Broadcasting for fiscal years Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 1979-1983. To continue markup of proposed legis 10:00 a.m. 1224 Dirksen Building lation authorizing funds for those Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Energy and Natural Resources programs which fall within the com Financial Institutions Subcommittee Business meeting on pending calendar mittee's jurisdiction. To continue hearings on S. 2096, Right to business. 5302 Dirksen Building Financial Privacy Act, and S. 2293, to 3110 Dirksen Building MAY 8 modernize the banking laws with MAY 4 9:30 a .m . regard to the geographic placement of 8 :00 a .m. Human Resources electronic fund transfer systems. Agriculture, Nut rition, and Forestry To mark up S. 2600, to extend certain 5302 Dirksen Building Agricultural Research and General Legis vocational rehabilitation programs and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs lation Subcommittee to establish a comprehensive services International Finance Subcommittee To hold hearings on the st atus of non program for the severely handicapped. To hold hearings in connection with re farm, nonfood, and fiber rural devel- 4232 Dirksen Building strictions employed by foreign coun- 11292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 25, 1978
tries to hold down imports of U.S. MAY 22 price regulation in the motor common goods. 9: 00 a.m. carrier industry. Room to be announced Select Small Business 2228 Dirksen Building MAY 18 To resume hearings on the Federal gov MAY 23 9:30 am. ernment patent policy. 9:00 a.m. Veterans' Affairs 318 Russell Building Select Small Business Housing, Insurance, and Cemeteries Sub 10:00 a .m. To continue hearings on the Federal committee government patent policy. Select Small Business 6226 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 1643 and H .R. To resume hearings on the Federal gov 4341, to eliminate the requirement for ernment patent policy. JUNE 7 inspections of t he mobile home man 318 Russell Building 9:30 a .m. ufacturing process by the VA, and S. Human Resources 1556, authorizing funds through FY 10:00 a .m. Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Subcommittee 81 to assist States in establishing and Judiciary To hold oversight hearings on use of the maintaining VA cemeteries. Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee drug PCP (Angel Dust) . 457 Russell Building To resume oversight hearings on ICC's 4232 Dirksen Building
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, April 25, 1978 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. 95-45, appointed Mr. SPARKMAN, Chair thank him for sharing his time with us Dr. Robert H. Mayo, Beulah United man; and Mr. STAFFORD, Vice Chairman; here today. · · : · Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa., of to the 65th Interparliamentary Confer fered the following prayer: ence, to be held in Bonn, Germany, Sep tember 5-13, 1978. PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON Bless Your servants, our Congressmen, APPROPRIATIONS TO FILE RE O Lord, as they wrestle with our num The message also announced that the Senate had passed bills of the following PORT ON HOUSE JOINT RESOLU-. ber one problem of inflation at home TION 859, SUPPLEMENTAL APPRO and the devaluation of the dollar abroad, titles, in which the concurrence of the House is requested: PRIATIONS FOR U.S. RAILWAY AS- and the even greater problem in the de SOCIATION . valuation of our moral currency. S. 1829·. An act to provide for the establish In all the tensions and pressure of this ment of the Jean Lafitte National Historical Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Park and Preserve in the State of Louisiana, unanimous consent that the Committee time-space continuum, be gracious as and for other purposes; and they effectively govern in Washington, S. 2553. An act to authorize appropriations on Appropriations may have until mid and yet conscientiously serve their dis for the fiscal year 1979 for certain maritime night tonight to file a report on House· trict at home. Bless them in this election programs of the Department of Commerce, Joint Resolution 859, making supple year by helping them to stretch their and for other purposes. mental appropriations for the U.S. Rail ministry across the miles with love and way Association for the fiscal year end understanding for their electorates ing September 30, 1978, and for other there, and with perception and patriot TRIBUTE TO DR. ROBERT MAYO purposes. ism in the unsolved problems of the state Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., •