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The Good Friday Popule Meus Verses in Chant and Exegesis, C

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The Good Friday Popule Meus Verses in Chant and Exegesis, C “MY PEOPLE, WHAT HAVE I DONE TO YOU?”: THE GOOD FRIDAY POPULE MEUS VERSES IN CHANT AND EXEGESIS, C. 380–880 by ARMIN KARIM Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. David J. Rothenberg Department of Music CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May, 2014 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the dissertation of ______________Armin Karim _____________________ candidate for the __Doctor of Philosophy______ degree *. _________Dr. David J. Rothenberg__________ (chair of the committee) _________Dr. Peter Bennett________________ _________Dr. Ross Duffin__________________ _________Dr. Timothy Beal_________________ (date) _____March 26, 2014_______ *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. i CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. v LIST OF MUSICAL EXAMPLES .................................................................................... vi ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... viii A NOTE ON TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS ................................................................. x ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... xi INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1: “HE WHO TRIUMPHS WHEN HE IS JUDGED”: AMBROSE AND THE OTHER CHURCH FATHERS ON MICAH 6:3 ..................................................... 25 Ambrose 1: On the Faith ............................................................................................ 28 Gregory of Nazianzus ................................................................................................. 37 Ambrose 2 and 3: The Cry of Job and David ............................................................. 39 Ambrose 4: Letter 41 .................................................................................................. 43 Ambrose 5: Defense of the Prophet David ................................................................. 46 Origen, Didymus, and Basil ........................................................................................ 48 Ambrose 6: On the Offices .......................................................................................... 51 Ambrose 7: Commentary on Luke .............................................................................. 52 Ambrose 8: Commentary on Twelve Psalms .............................................................. 53 Jerome and John Chrysostom ..................................................................................... 55 Vigilius ........................................................................................................................ 63 Cassiodorus ................................................................................................................. 64 CHAPTER 2: MELODIC ANALYSIS OF THE POPULE MEUS CHANTS ................ 70 The Scripture-Only Antiphon ..................................................................................... 71 The Milanese Parasti crucem Antiphon .................................................................... 78 ii The Responsories of Joshua: Popule meus ................................................................. 81 The Responsories of Joshua: Adduxi vos .................................................................... 85 Theories of Origin of the Popule meus Chants in Existing Scholarship..................... 89 The Text of the Popule meus Antiphons: molestus fui vs. contristavi........................ 93 The Beneventan Offertory .......................................................................................... 96 The North Italian Antiphon ....................................................................................... 100 The Narbonnaise / Provançal Popule meus Verses................................................... 101 The Old Hispanic Sonus ........................................................................................... 110 The Aquitainian Popule meus Verses ....................................................................... 114 CHAPTER 3: PREACHING AND LITURGY IN MILAN, GAUL, AND SPAIN: CONTEXTS FOR THE PRE-CAROLINGIAN POPULE MEUS VERSES ................. 123 Indulgentia criminum: The Imperial Paschal Pardon ............................................... 127 Indulgentia peccatorum: Milan’s Paschal Relaxation of Penance ........................... 132 Meriting Indulgence on Judgment Day: The Sermons of Caesarius of Arles .......... 141 Popule meus in 7th-Century Spanish Exegesis and Liturgy ..................................... 155 The Bobbio Missal and the Question of the Gallican Liturgies ................................ 175 CHAPTER 4: THE MEANING OF THE TRISAGION IN EAST AND WEST .......... 185 Orthodoxy and Conflict: Antioch and Constantinople ............................................. 187 Outside the Battle: Egypt, Spain, Gaul ..................................................................... 191 The Carolingian Synthesis ........................................................................................ 197 CHAPTER 5: CAROLINGIAN CONTEXTS I: HAIMO OF AUXERRE AND HINCMAR OF RHEIMS ............................................................................................... 202 Exegesis for Christendom: Haimo of Auxerre on the Micah Pericope .................... 203 Liturgy for Christendom: Hincmar of Rheims and the Responsories of Joshua ...... 217 Memories of Pious Emperors.................................................................................... 225 CHAPTER 6: CAROLINGIAN CONTEXTS II: GOOD FRIDAY AT SAINT-DENIS UNDER CHARLES THE BALD ................................................................................... 231 The Paschal Poetry of Eriugena ................................................................................ 233 iii The Altar Frontal of Saint-Denis .............................................................................. 243 The Prayerbook of Charles the Bald ......................................................................... 250 Others Without and Within: The Carolingian Popule meus Verses and the Last Days ................................................................................................................................... 264 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 273 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 278 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. Stemma: Proposed relationship of Latin Popule meus chants........................ 71 Figure 2.2. Realization of neumes for the first two words of the Old Hispanic Sonus in León 8. ............................................................................................................................ 110 Figure 2.3. Melodic density of the first half of the refrain of the Old Hispanic Sonus in Traditions A and B .......................................................................................................... 111 Figure 2.4. Melodic density of the first half of the refrain of the Old Hispanic Sonus in Tradition A and the first half of the first verse of the Narbonnaise Popule meus verses 111 Figure 2.5. Melodic density of the first half of the refrain of the Old Hispanic Sonus in Tradition A and the first half of the first verse of the Aquitainian Popule meus verses . 112 Figure 2.6. Melodic densities of the first second half of the refrain of the Old Hispanic Sonus in Traditions A and B ........................................................................................... 113 Figure 2.7. Neumes on Parasti crucem in the Ivrea witness to the Aquitainian Popule meus verses ..................................................................................................................... 121 Figure 6.1 The Master of Saint Giles, The Mass of Saint Giles (c. 1500), detail. National Gallery, U.K. Reproduced by permission. ..................................................................... 246 v LIST OF TABLES Table 0.1. Textual sources of the Carolingian Popule meus verses.................................. 13 Table 0.2. Text and full musical form of the Carolingian Popule meus verses ................ 19 Table 0.3. Basic musical form of the Carolingian Popule meus verses ............................ 20 Table 1.1. Quotations of Micah 6:3 by Christian Writers up to Isidore of Seville. .......... 26 Table 2.1. Textual variants of Micah 6:3 in Latin in writings up to Isidore of Seville and liturgical texts.................................................................................................................... 95 Table 2.2. Text and full musical form of the Narbonnaise Popule meus verses ............. 108 Table 2.3. Basic musical form of the Narbonnaise Popule meus verses ........................ 109 Table 2.4. Text and full musical form of the Aquitainian Popule meus verses .............. 118 Table 2.5. Basic musical form of the Narbonnaise Popule meus verses .......................
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