NATO UNCLASSIFIED and EXEMPLAIRE 1 DISCLOSED N" PUB CO,*P V 530

ORIGINAL :- ENG-LIGH -NATO OEORET 23rd April, 1953 SUMMARY"RECORD C-R(53)20 !

Summary Record.of a meeting of the Council held at the Palais de Chaillot, Paris, on Thursday, 23rd April at 11 a.m.

PRESENT

Chairman: The Lord Ismay

BELGIUM' H.E. Mr, P, van Zeeland 'Minister for Foreign.Affairs) Mr. A.E, Janssen Minister of Finance)- - Col. B.E.M.E. de Greef Minister of National Defence) Mr. A. de Staercke kPermanent Representative) CANADA The Hon. L.B. Pearson (Secretary of State for External Affairs) The Hon. Brooke Claxton ^Minister of National Defence) The-Hon, D.C. Ahhott Minister of Finance) The Hon, A.D.P. Heeney .Permanent Representative) DENMARK H.E, Mr. de Steensen-Leth (Permanent Representative) PRANCE H.E. Mr. Georges Bidault I Minister for Foreign Affairs) Mr. René Pleven Minister of -National Defence) Mr. Bourges-Maunoury (Minister .of Finance) H.E. Mr. Hervé Alphand .Permanent Representative) GREECE H.E. Mr. Stefanos Stefanopoulos (Minister for Foreign Affairs

DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED H.E. Mr. Panayotis Kanellopoulos(Minister'of'National Defence H.E. Mr. Georges Exintaris (Permanent Representative) ICELAND Mr. Bjarni Benediktsson (Minister for Foreign Affairs) Mr . Hermann Jona s s on ('Minister for Agriculture and •..Communications; Mr. Gunnlaugur Pétursson (permanent Representative) .. ITALY •The Hon. Alcide de Gasperi (Prime Minister & Minister for- Foreign Affairs) The Hon. Randolfo Pacciardi [Defence Minister) The Hon; Giuseppe Pella ^vIinister of Treasury) H.E. Mr. Alherto Rossi Longhi .Permanent Representative) LUXEMBOURG H.E. Mr. J. Bech >Minister for Foreign Affairs H.E. Mr. M, Rasquin Minister of Economic Affairs Mr, N, Hommel- ,Permanent Representative)

NETHERLANDS Mr. J.W. Beyen . [Minister for Foreign Affairs) Mr. C. Staf .Minister of Defence) Mr. J.A. van de Kieft minister of Finance) H.E. Jonkheer A.W.L. Tjarda van Starkenhorgh Stachouwer (Permanent Representative ) NORWAY Mr. H. Lange • • 'Minister for Foreign Affairs) Mr. N. Langhelle ^Minister of Defence) H.E. Mr. Arne Skaug .Permanent Representative) PORTUGAL Dr. Paulo Cunha [Minister for Foreign Affairs) Col, Santos Costa ^Minister of. Defence) Dr. Pinto Barhosa ^Secretary of Treasury) H.E. Comte de Tovar .Permanent Representative) TURKEY Prof. Fäat Köprülu (Minister for Foreign Affairs) H.E. Mr. Fatin R. Zorlu (Permanent Representative) The Rt. Hon. R.A. Butler, M.P. (Chancellor of the Exchequer). The Rt. Hon* Earl Alexander of Tunis [Minister of Defence) The Rt. Hon Selwyn.Lloyd >Minister of State) The Rt. Hon.'Duncan Sandys ) Sir Frederick Hotter Millar ^Permanent Representative)

DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED UNITED STATES

The Hon4 John Foster Dulles [Secretary of State). The Hon. George M. Humnhrey (Secretary of Treasury) The Hon. Charles E'. Wilson [Secretary of Defence) The Hon, Harold E, Stassen Director of Mutual Security) The Hon. William H. Draper, Jr. ,US Special Representative in Europe) INTERNATIONAL STAFF Mr. H. van Vredenburch (Deputy Secretary General) Mr. S. Penoaitea (Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs) Mr. D. Luke Hopkins (Assistant Secretary General for Production & Logistics) Mr. R, Sergent (Assistant Secretary General for Economic Affairs) Mr. R.D. Coleridge (Executive Secretary)

CONTENTS

Item Subject Page No, I- Chairmanship of the Council ; 1 II. Message from President Eisenhower 1 III. Communique Drafting Group 2 IV. Report by the Secretary General, including progress made on Article II problemsand non-military aspects of defence 2

V. Soviet Policys including a review of 8 recent developments

I DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED -1- NATO SECRET

Zfbtoi LlTlz Jil Jliiw C-R(53)20 N/ nat.o. unclassified , - I. CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE COUNCIL ; 1. THE DANISH PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE said that he had been asked by his Government to express to the Council their sincere regret that the political situation in Denmark had prevented .them from sending ministerial representatives to the present meeting. He had also been asked by the Chairman of the Council, . Mr. Kraft, to express his personal regrets and those of Mr, Kristensen at their inability to be present to. meet their colleagues. Mr. Kraft had asked him to remind the Council of the decision "taken at Lisbon which read as follows: "The Secretary General should serve as Vice-Chairman of the Council and should preside in the absence of the . Chairman.18 2. Subject, therefore, to the approval of the Council, Mr. Kraft hoped that this rule would be applied on this occasion and that Lord Ismay would take the chair..

3,. IßR. BIDAULT (Prance) supported the proposal by the Danish Representative, which.was in conformity with the rüles of the Organization, and proposed that Lord Ismay should take the chair forthwith. A* LORD ISMAY then took the chair. He said that he was sure that the Council would share his regrets at the absence of their Danish friends. They would particularly miss their Chairman, Mr. Kraft, who had guided their deliberations at the last Conference with so much patience and skill. 3. THE DANISH PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE said that he had been instructed to state that the Danish Government fully appreciated the importance of the decisions which the present Conference iwould• take, and that they certainly had no intention of making the Council's task more difficult. He hoped, nevertheless, that it would be ^ realised that he must reserve an opportunity for the Danish • Government that was to be formed to make-known at a later stage their final position with regard to such decisions as might involve action by Denmark. TIiE COUNCIL: took note of the. statement by the. Danish Representative., i N.ÄXO UMCl AScURFH - ÏÏ. lIESSiTGE FROIvrPRESIDENT EISENHOWER 1 6. MR. DULLES (.United States) read to the Council a message

DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED from President Eisenhower .(for text of this message, see Press Release ).

7. THE COUNCIL: took note of President Eisenhower's message. r-rm N.A.T.O. UNCLASSiFiED III, COMMUNIQUE' DRAFTING' GROUP 8. THE CHAIRMAN reminded the Council of the difficulties which invariably attended the drafting of the final communique at Ministerial Meetings. To.minimise those difficulties, he suggested that preliminary drafts should he prepared after each session of the Council, dealing with the work carried out at that session. He invited each delegation to nominate one representative to sit on this drafting group.

9. THE COUNCIL approved the Chairman's proposal. IV 4 REPORT BY THE SECRETARY GENERAL. INCLUDING PROGRESS MADE ON . . ARTICLE II PROBLEMS, AND NON-MILITARY ASPECTS OF DEFENCE • Document: C-M (53 )^-5 and Addendum, f 10. • THE CHAIRMAN, speaking as Secretary General, pointed out that though only four and a half months had elapsed since, his last .' report, hé thought that the present Conference would provide him with an opportunity of telling Ministers of the progress that had been made since the December meeting. Though there had been no startling developments- since his last report, there were two or three particular points which he wished to ventilate. "

11. The first related to the site for NATO Headquarters. In paragraphs 7 to 11 he regretted to have to report that the Council -had changed its mind about the site of the new Headquarters for NATO, which the French Government, at the request of the Council, had so generously purchased. Since drafting the report, he had seen the Prime Minister of France, Mr. René Mayer, and told him , that it was the earnest wish of the Council that a further effort should be made to find some suitable site nearer the centre of Paris. Mr. Mayer had agreed to discuss the matter with his colleagues in the Cabinet, as well as with the Paris Municipal Authorities. 12. Meanwhile, certain facts had to be recognised: (a) for. practical and political reasons,NATO could not remain indefinitely in the Palais de Chaillot; (b) the selection of any site in Paris would mean further delay and increased-expenditure (c) if no site in Paris could be found NATO would DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED have to mov e to Bol-Air : -. (d) if this should be necessary it would, -in his opinion, be deplorable from the point of view of team-work if all, or at least most, of the delegations did not move to the same offices • as the International Staff, 15. His second point' related to off -sIioi,a.^m.c.ur .e.ment... After he had circulated his report, he had been: able to complete . the paragraph on off-shore procurement circulated as an addendum to he inserted as paragraph 21A. The paragraph spoke for itself, but he wanted to emphasise that this was the first occasion.on which the International Staff had been used for this kind of work, and to express the hope that it would not he.the last, l"v , a» r 14. Thirdly, he had a point to make with regard to information in paragraphs 23 and 2k of the Report. He" referred. ',» to the indisputable fact that the general public in most, if not all, member countries were very ignorant of what NATO was about. . Men and women could not be expected to make exertions .and sacrifices for a cause that they did not understand and in which they did not necessarily believe. Many people appeared to imagine that the present ignorance and apathy was d.ue to the failure of the International Staff, particularly the Public Relations Staff, and himself. He must plead "not guilty". /11 the International Staff could do was to initiate, coordinate and suggest ideas. He must, therefore, submit that the responsibility- for educating their own people should rest primarily on the shoulders of governments; he begged them, as he .had begged them in his last report, to give this matter their serious consideration, . 15. Finally, he wished to inform the Council of the "A-"" fact that leakages of information on a number of important questions haä^aken place over the last year. ' Everyone was' aware that this sort of thing was apt to happen, even in the best regulated organisations; but after a year's experience of NATO, he estimated the chances of a'leak as more than 50^,, This was a- deplorable state of affairs, revealing that there were in their midst persons either without discretion, or without any sense of loyalty. If an example could be made of one delinquent it might act as a deterrent to others. He was keeping the best possible look-out and hoped that governments and country delegations would do likewise. 16. Subsequent speakers-were unanimous in thanking the' Secretary General for the work which he personally had done in the past year, and in paying a -tribute to the Secretariat under his control for Its loyalty and devotion to duty.

17. MR. PEARSON (Canada), speaking in the name of the Canadian and United States Delegations, thanked the Secretary General for his recent visit to the North American Continent. That visit had been of great value in acquainting.public opinion DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED with the work done by NATO. The Secretary General's report showed how much had in fact been done in the past year in a- variety of fields, . ~ .- 18. MR. KOPRULU (Turkey) said that his Government ' • hoped that the Secretacy»Jie.n.eral would soon "be able to make his promised visit to £u£key.. He would then become personally aware of the interest of the Turkish nation as a whole in the ideals of NATO. With regard- to the report under discussion, he hoped that-the Secretariat would be able to take action on the point raised by the Turkish Permanent Representative at an ; earlier meeting of the Council, when he had urged that a report on the Geneva Conference arranged by the QE-SCon EarSjL- West trade should be preparecTas soon as possible after the present meeting of the Council. 19. MR. LiiNGE (Norway) said that his Government had always been interested in the non-military activities of NATO5 and was grateful for the useful and practical suggestions put forward in the Annex to the Report prepared by the Chairman of the Working Group on S£ß,i.al^.nd^Culturjy^o-operation. He agreed that care and àc-liberatîon 'raus"t"^Se*~the guiding prin- ciples in all work.done in this field, and recognised that progress 'must depend on the willingness of governments to accept the. financial charges involved in the recommendations of the Working Group. At the same time,, his Government hoped that the Working Group would be able to accelerate- its work, and in this connection referred the Council to the Norwegian memorandum on the exchange of students. He hoped that the Working Group, with the assistance of experts, would be able to give consideration to this memorandum at an early meeting.

20. MR. PELLA (Italy) said that the Italian Government had taken note of the report on Article nactivities. His Government considered that it was essential to devote even more attention to Article II inA;he future than had been devoted In the past. In the resolution approved at the December meeting of the Council, the principle had been recognised that a satisfactory solution of economic problems, while making more effective the defence effort, would'also tend to promote social stability and the ideas of liberty which were at the basis, of the{ Atlantic Community. In this connection, the problems of lab.^iijgob.llity and the surplus of population in ' certain NATO countries were certainly as important as those of financial stability- balance of payments and increase in production. The transfer of labour from over-populated NATO countries towards countries richer in raw materials and resources represented one of the most effective means to ensure that economic balance which was indispensable for sound international life. • DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED 21.. The.Italian Government, .with regard to the activities of the Working Group on Labour Mobility, hoped that that Group on the basis of replies received from various governments, would put forward a series of concrete proposals for transmission to member governments5 to enable the- latter to take decisions and commitments during the next Ministerial Meeting of the Council. His Government considered that such proposals must be practical in character and should relate to the following- points: (a) the measures to he taken to give CIME the necessary . power to carry out the tasks entrusted to it.; (h) the advantages which would follow the installation and employment of European workers in certain overseas territories, particularly in Africa''; (c) the need to ensure that in the various projects for European co-operation and unification under discussion, the labour element should, not he separated from other economic and political factors,; (d) the importance of- ensuring that, in the world policy for the èconomic development of hackward areas, the possibility of encouraging migration should always be kept firmly in mind; (e) that certain "immigration" countries should look into the question of ensuring-better•co-relation among their own laws, taking into account the fact that European emigration could only be considered as a whole, and not on the ba-sis of different national systems.

22. In this connection, the news which had arrived that morning from Vvashington with -regard to the request by Presi- dent Eisenliower to Congress for urgent legislation making it possible to admit to the Uni t e d Sf a t e s 120,00.0 .igrnii gr ant s per year, for a two-year period, was' proof "of' the "understanding of President Eisenhower for this problem. ' His Government was particularly grateful to the President. His Government was \ convinced, that the Council would approve the proposals he had ' just made. A A 23. ME. STEEiiNOPOULOS (Greece) said that his Government like the Turkish Government hoped soon to see the SeTggc£Ltary GigBSS&l-^i-n«-Athensrf. where he would become aware of the' devotion of the Greek nation to NATO. The-Secretary General's report showed that the Organization of which he was"the head had done . a great deal of valuable work5 -but it also referred to certain problems which called for further consideration, in particular: (a) the need to build up a common information policy among NATO countries, particularly in view of the danger that might follow the new orientation of Soviet policy. (b) _the importance of continuing actively with the work

DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED of labour mobility, in connection with which the special committee had made some progress; (c)' the coordination of the action of NATO countries against Rnbvf?,n^.i,yK1 ^^.td-v-i +.i fia..Hi s Government ^ - attached the greatest importance to this problem and thought that decisions by the Working Group dealing with this question were.necessary in the near future Af effective results were to be obtained. The Greek Representative on that Group would have concrete proposals to make at its next meeting.' (d) he agreed with the last speaker in attaching- great importance to President Eisenhower's request to Congress -to pass legislation to facilitate ' immigration into the United States. ' f t ,- f. ' I 2k' DR. . CUNHA (Portugal) agreed with the previous speakers', that it was vitally important to develop a common information policy and to build up a common line against subversive activities. He felt that the recent NATO meeting on information policy, though some valuable work had been done, had not been completely satisfactory, and hoped that an early meeting would lead to more positive results. /V - ' • 25» MR- CLAXTON (Canada) endorsed the remarks of previous speakers with regard to the importance of developing Article 2 activities, and agreed with the Foreign Minister of Norway that- exchanges of students would be useful. At the same time, work in this field was already going o.n and there was another aspect of exchange which he considered equally urgent, as offering the possibility of concrete results. He was referring to the.Forces personnel who were either hosts or guests in various NATO'" " countries. This was perhaps a limited field, but valuable work could be-done in it. It was essential to establish good relations both from the point of view of host and guest in their various countries, since the consequences of such relations, either for good or for bad, could hardly be over emphasised. This problem was one/of continuing and growing importance, since it was to be expected that, for a number of years to come, serving troops would -be stationed in NATO countries that were not their own. It would be disastrous if the visitors,.as time went on, and the gilt wore off the gingerbread, became increasingly critical of the populations among whom they were living, and the host peoples developed a corresponding feeling of resentment. He felt that both the sending and receiving states should do their best, by pamphlets, lectures, etc. to ensure smooth relations, but he also felt that the International Staff should take the initiative in disseminating information which would help, both the host country^, and the visiting Forces. , r, M

26. MR. SELWYIT LLOYD (United Kingdom) endorsed -the point DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED made by the Canadian Minister of Defence. He hoped that the work being done in this field, and in other fields connected with' ' Article 2, would be intensified. He wished to congratulate the Secretary General and his Staff, in particular, for the success that had been achieved in working out a programme for aircraft production. This, he felt, represented a real step forward; moreover s it was an example of the complexity of the work being done by the International Staff. He thought that public opinion was not always aware of this' complexity and that the point might be stressed in the communiqué. He agreed with the Norwegian Foreign Minister .that Article 2 activities were important and hoped that the progress already made would be followed' up. The Atlantic Alliance was net only a reply to the potential threat from the USSR9 "but Viras also an. association of like-minded nations. That association could only "be strengthened "by pursuing Article 2 activities provided, and this was an important provisos that the pursuit' of such activities did not distract from the defence effort. In particular., he thought that NATO could do a useful job in promoting trans-Atlantic co-operation. Cultural and' social links between European countries were fairly well developed NATO could help in strengthening the trans-Atlantic links.

, 27. MR. WILSON (United States) said that in his opinion'^', the successful establishment of the joint aircraft., procurement programme was a solid accomplishment. """nTHe^United States in a few. minutes would sign-contracts with the Governments of Prances the United Kingdom^ the Netherlands and Belgium for the purchase of military aircraft. The United States part of the cost of the programme amounted to more than $281 million; and an additional contract with Italy was in the final stage of negotiation. These contracts would not only produce essential military equipment,, but would in part serve as economic aid to. the producing countries. The United States contribution to 'and co-operation in this aircraft programme was consistent with United States off-shore procurement policys and the desire to assist in building up both the economic and military strength of NATO. His Delegation hoped that the International Staffs with the full support of all .NATO nations s would soon be in a position to provide other coordinated procurement plans for achieving a strong and unified Europe, This would be far more efficient and far less costly than, the past efforts of individual European nations to achieve complete self-sufficiency in all branches of arms in military supply.

28, MR, BIDAULT (Prance) said that the clear and objective report by the Secretary General had covered such a wide variety • of fields that the discussion which had just taken place had ranged over a number of important topics. He associated himself with the previous speakers both in praise of the report and in the need to examine further the various points that had been made, 29, THE CHiiIRMAN thanked the previous speakers for the compliments that had been paid to himself as Secretary General and to .the' Secretariat, He emphasised the facts not explicitly stated in his reports that any progress that had been made in the past year had been largely due to the loyalty and industry .of the- International Staff and National Delegations. He suggested that the statements that had been made by the various speakers should be examined carefully and ~followed up where possible as soon as DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED the Ministerial Meeting was over,

30, THE COUNCIL: -

(1) took note of the report by the Secretary General:• Document C-M(53)A5 and Addendum; (2) took note of the statements made during the course of the discussion; (3) invited the Council in Permanent Session to • examine and follow up those statements after the Ministerial Meeting.

V. SOVIET POLICYc INCLUDING A REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. . Documents: C-M(53)38 C '' ' C-M( 52 )1 169 Addendum C-M(53;UU 51. THE CHAIRMAN pointed out' that this item had been divided into three sub-headingss with three relevant documents: (a) Document C-M(53)38j which contained a calendar of" the events since Stalin's death and a list of points which the Council might wish to consider,

(b) An Addendum to Document C-M(52)11'6S prepared by / the Secretariat. This was an Addendum to the document on Soviet Policy v/hich had been before the Council at its December meeting. •

(c) Document C-M(55)UU9 a report oh the role of China in Soviet policy9 prepared by a Working Group on the suggestion made by the French Minister at the December meeting.

32, The Permanent Representatives had felt that it was most desirable that the present Ministerial Meeting should reach conclusions^ even if they were of a very general character, as to the attitude that the North Atlantic Alliance should adopt towards the recent apparent change in Soviet tactics and that these conclusions should be made public. •• They had felt that . it would be quite unrealistic to issue a communique' on the results of the present Conference without putting in the forefront the. Council's views on this matter. The view of the permanent Representatives had been reinforced at. a Press Conference which he had held the night before when the majority of questions had. been devoted to this topic.

33. THE COUNCIL: ' • agreed to continue its discussion of this item of the Agenda at its afternoon meeting9 at 3.30 p.m. The meeting would be a restricted one9 limited to Ministers;, Permanent Representatives and not more DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED than four advisers per Delegation,

Palais de Chaillots Pariss XVIe,