UIDE Lders Q Tem Damascus High School and Hereford High School

QUICK DESIGN GUIDE QUICK TIPS (--THIS SECTION DOES NOT PRINT--) Dark Matter (--THIS SECTION DOES NOT PRINT--)

This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 36x48 This PowerPoint template requires basic PowerPoint inch professional poster. You can use it to create Yuechen(Mark) Yang and Adam Goad (version 2007 or newer) skills. Below is a list of your research poster and save valuable time placing commonly asked questions specific to this template. titles, subtitles, text, and graphics. Damascus High School and Hereford High School If you are using an older version of PowerPoint some template features may not work properly. We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you through the poster design process and answer your poster production questions. Introduction Current Theories Experiments Summary Template FAQs

To view our template tutorials, go online to Our world is not only made from everything we see. It is also made by the Currently, dark matter is categorized into different classes: unseen. Since the 1930s, astronomers have observed that the velocities of 1. Hot dark matter: characterized by very fast speed. Verifying the quality of your graphics PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP DESK. Coupp-60 Experiment The exploration of dark matter started with Jan Oort when he conducted orbiting galaxies does not match the relationship between mass and orbital • Neutrino experiments on galaxy rotation. This discovery fueled Vera Rubin to do Go to the VIEW menu and click on ZOOM to set your velocity. Physicists proposed that in order for the galaxies to travel at such 2. Warm dark matter: sharing the characteristics of both the hot and cold further studies on the angular motion of galaxies. She found that the preferred magnification. This template is at 100% When you are ready to print your poster, go online a high speed at large distance from the galaxy clusters, there has to be The Coupp-60 experiment is designed to observed velocity has stayed constant at any distance away from the dark matter. detect dark matter particles as they pass the size of the final poster. All text and graphics will invisible matter that is exerting the needed gravitational pull. galaxy, while the predicted velocity should have decreased. to PosterPresentations.com. • Sterile neutrinos through ordinary matter and interact weakly. be printed at 100% their size. To see what your Current theories include hot dark matter, warm dark matter, and cold dark 3. Cold dark matter: characterized by relatively slow speed. The hope is that dark matter particles will One of our purposes during the 2013 Quarknet Summer Research Program matter. Cold dark matter includes MACHOs, RAMBOs, and WIMPs. poster will look like when printed, set the zoom to • massive astrophysical compact halo object collide and weakly interact with the liquid for Need Assistance? Call us at 1.866.649.3004 is to study the three frontiers of particle physics. Dark matter research falls long enough to create a single bubble Evidence for dark matter includes Gravitational Lensing and the Cosmic 100% and evaluate the quality of all your graphics under both the Energy Frontier and the Cosmic Frontier. During these few • robust associations of massive baryonic objects This can be differentiated from regular Background Radiation. Future evidence will be provided through before you submit your poster for printing. weeks, we studied the history of dark matter research, the present methods • weakly interacting massive particles neutron collisions because other collisions experiments such as Coupp-60, CDMS, LUX, and DAMA/LIBRA. of dark matter detection, and the various effects dark matter have on our • Axions interact more, and therefore create a trail of Object Placeholders universe. bubbles Gravitational Lensing Modifying the layout We have included some important discoveries in the field of dark matter This template has four different Using the placeholders Another evidence of dark matter stems from the gravitational lensing of CDMS at Soudan Mine research, along with information about several ongoing experiments in this galaxy clusters. column layouts. Right-click To add text, click inside a placeholder on the poster poster. Gravitational lensing occurs when light is bent around an object that has References your mouse on the background and type or paste your text. To move a placeholder, great mass. Helium-cooled cryogenic and click on LAYOUT to see the click it once (to select it). Place your cursor on its detectors(Made from germanium and silicon) are used to detect wimps. layout options. The columns in frame, and your cursor will change to this symbol The Early Days "Astronomy Picture of the Day." NASA.gov. N.p., 21 Dec. 2011. Web. 24 WIMPS and Neutrons produce nuclear the provided layouts are fixed and cannot be moved July 2013. Click once and drag it to a new location where you recoils. To differentiate between WIMP but advanced users can modify any layout by going can resize it. hits and Neutrons, the rate of "Biggest 'Zoom Lens' in Space Takes Hubble Deeper into the Universe." HubbleSite. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 July 2013. to VIEW and then SLIDE MASTER. •In 1932, Dutch astronomer Jan Oort was conducting studies on the velocity interaction on the Ge and Si are of stars. The resulting velocities did not correspond to the estimated mass of compared. WIMPs should interact with "COUPP-Proposal." NASA.gov. National Aeronautics and Space Section Header placeholder the galaxies. Ge more because Ge has more nucleons, Administration, 22 Sept. 2006. Web. 24 July 2013. whereas neutrons interact with Ge and Click and drag this preformatted section header •Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky had similar findings a year later while "DAMA-LIBRA Presents New Dark Matter Claim." Symmetry Magazine. Importing text and graphics from external sources examining the Coma Galaxy Cluster. Horse Shoe Einstein Ring Si with similar probability. placeholder to the poster area to add another N.p., n.d. Web. 24 July 2013. TEXT: Paste or type your text into a pre-existing •A hypothesis was drawn from this finding, that there was unseen matter "Dark Energy Spotted in the Cosmic Microwave section header. Use section headers to separate placeholder or drag in a new placeholder from the topics or concepts within your presentation. causing this higher velocity of the stars. Background." Physicsworld.com Homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 July 2013. LUX Detector "First Observational Evidence of Dark Matter." Darkmatterphysics.com. left side of the template. Move it anywhere as These observable mass of Xenon detectors scintillate and ionize when N.p., n.d. Web. 24 July 2013. needed. these galaxies cannot account for how much the light is particles such as photons, neutrons, and "The Hidden Lives of Galaxies - Hidden Mass." NASA.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. bent, there has to be unseen dark matter possibly interact. WIMPs can 24 July 2013. be identified by the different ratio of PHOTOS: Drag in a picture placeholder, size it first, Text placeholder matter contributing to the "Minnesota Researcher's Findings on Dark Matter Jibe with Italy's click in it and insert a photo from the menu. gravitational force on the scintillation with ionization compared to DAMA/LIBRA Claims." Phys.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 July 2013. Move this preformatted text placeholder to the particle interactions. WIMPs are surrounding space. "The Rotation Curve of the Milky Way." Dutton E-Education Institute. poster to add a new body of text. The equation for elliptical orbit velocity, the differentiated from neutrons because N.p., n.d. Web. 24 July 2013. TABLES: You can copy and paste a table from an velocity of orbiting objects increases as the µ WIMPs have an extremely small chance of a double interaction, whereas, a neutron "SuperCDMS - Experiment." SuperCDMS, Berkeley. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 external document onto this poster template. To (denoting the gravitational constant x the Abell 1689 mass of the center object) increases. has a likely chance July 2013. adjust the way the text fits within the cells of a Tyson, Neil DeGrasse., and Donald Goldsmith. Origins: Fourteen Billion table that has been pasted, right-click on the table, Cosmic Background Radiation Years of Cosmic Evolution. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2004. Print. click FORMAT SHAPE then click on TEXT BOX and Picture placeholder DAMA/LIBRA Vera Rubin discovered a discrepancy between the predicted angular motion After the big bang, the temperature of the universe gradually cools as change the INTERNAL MARGIN values to 0.25. Move this graphic placeholder onto your poster, size of galaxies and the actual motion(1960s-1970s). According to her it expands. High energy photons in the gamma ray range experience a drop in energy and frequency, some of those photons drops down to it first, and then click it to add a picture to the calculations, the galaxies should fly apart at the speed they are traveling. poster. However, they don’t fly apart, and it was theorized that this was due to a microwave frequencies, causing the background noise. massive amount of unseen matter that was holding the galaxies together. Dark matter’s presence is further substantiated because the cosmic Modifying the color scheme background radiation pictures from WMAP also seem to be affected by Acknowledgements and contact To change the color scheme of this template go to gravitational lensing the DESIGN menu and click on COLORS. You can Observed velocity We thank the following people for making this possible: Max Cooper

(Hereford), Mr. Smith (Hereford), Mr. Pisanic (Damascus), Dr. Barnett choose from the provided color combinations or Observations of the data taken show an annual cycle. (JHU). create your own. During this time, the sun could be moving through the

Predicted velocity of theoretical dark matter fields. galaxy with respect to Our e-mails: center of rotation Mark Yang: [email protected] A three level sealing system prevents Adam Goad: [email protected] environmental air from interfering with the radiopure scintillating thallium-doped sodium © 2013 PosterPresentations.com iodide crystal detector. 2117 Fourth Street , Unit C

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