HAS MAINS – 2018 Full Length Test- 2
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1 HAS MAINS – 2018 Full Length Test- 2 Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 200 QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions. 1. There are 28 questions printed in English. 2. All question are compulsory 3. Candidate should attempt questions/parts as per the instructions given in the section. 4. The number of marks carried by the question /parts as per is indicated against it. 5. All parts of question shall be attempted at the place designated for hem in the question cum answer Booklet. Attempts of part/questions shall be counted in sequential order. 6. Unless struck off, attempt of a question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-answer Booklet must be clearly struck off. 7. Candidates are required to write clear, legible and concise answers and to adhere to word limits, wherever indicated. Failure to adhere to word limit may be penalized. HEAD OFFICE: CHANDIAGRH: SCO.72-73, 1st FLOOR, SECTOR-15-D, PHONE-9216442200 SHIMLA: NEAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK, CHHOTA SHIMLA. PHONE-8628868800 2 Attempt all question. Answer to Question No. 1 to 15 should not exceed to 60 words in each case. Content of the answers are more important than their length. Each question carries 4 marks. 1. What is symbolized by Tandva dance of Natraja? Answer: Tāṇḍavam is a divine dance performed by the Hindu god Shiva. Tandava dance has been recorded as cosmic dance. Tandava dance of Nataraja represents and symbolises five divine actions viz. Shristi, Sthati, Samhar, Tirobhava and Anugraha. When Nataraja dances, the earth trembles; sky and stars are disturbed by the movement of his powerful hands, at the impact of his whirling matted locks of hair heaven shudders, such is its majesty. Thus Tandava symbolizes the cosmic cycles of creation and destruction, as well as the daily rhythm of birth and death. 2. What was the worldwide impact of industrialization? Answer: Industrialization changed many aspects of life. Clearly the first change involved the nature of manufacturing. The basis of the Industrial Revolution was the application of mechanical power to manufacturing. At first this power came from water wheels, but the introduction of the modern steam engine around 1770 in Britain created more massive mechanical power. By driving stronger pumps, steam engines allowed deeper mine shafts to be sunk, thus greatly increasing the amount of coal that could be mined. Steam engines soon powered the bellows of blast furnaces and operated automatic hammers and rollers in the process of forming metals. Productivity in metallurgy was also greatly expanded by the substitution of the cheaper coal and coke for the traditional charcoal used for smelting and refining. Through a combination of these technical improvements the output of iron vastly increased. Ironically, the increased use of steam engines created a growing need for coal and iron—the very commodities they help made available—to build and power them. HEAD OFFICE: CHANDIAGRH: SCO.72-73, 1st FLOOR, SECTOR-15-D, PHONE-9216442200 SHIMLA: NEAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK, CHHOTA SHIMLA. PHONE-8628868800 3 3. How industrialization in England changed the nature of trade in India? Answer: India is not an industrial country in the true and modern sense of the term. But by the standards of the 17th and 18th centuries, i.e., before the advent of the Europeans in India, India was the ‘industrial workshop’ of the world. In India, Industrialisation played a role more of ‘de-Industrialisation’ under British. Sources were exploited by all means. Internal balance of the village economy was slaughtered by them. In the process, traditional handicraft industries slipped away, from its pre-eminence and its decline started at the turn of the 18th century and proceeded rapidly almost to the beginning of the 19th century. Handicrafts succumbed before the machine-made goods. British always remained foreigners in the land, exploiting Indian resources and carrying away India’s wealth as tribute. The results of this subordination of the Indian economy to the interests of British trade and industry were many and varied. The oppression practiced by the East India Company and its servants on the craftsmen of Bengal during the second half of the eighteenth century, forcing them to sell their goods below the market price and to hire their services below the prevailing wage, compelled a large number of them to abandon their ancestral professions. 4. How Nazism is different from fascism? Answer: The first new government department created by Hitler after assuming office was the ministry of public enlightenment and propaganda under the leadership of Joseph Goebbels. Nazism is a type of fascism, as it has the two most commonly cited characteristics of fascism, but it has more characteristics than those two, which were not necessarily shared by the other clear examples of fascist states. An example of this is in Italy, where anti-Semitic laws were in place, but not an expression of the core tenets of the PNF (Fascist Party), as evidenced by the fact that Italo Balbo publicly opposed these laws. Fascism was a system of government that reigned in Europe between the First and Second World Wars. It was a far-right form of government which was characterized by extreme nationalism, racial discrimination, promotion of violence and war, gender discrimination against women, and an unapologetic hatred for socialism. The most notorious regimes that practiced fascism were Benito Mussolini in Italy. HEAD OFFICE: CHANDIAGRH: SCO.72-73, 1st FLOOR, SECTOR-15-D, PHONE-9216442200 SHIMLA: NEAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK, CHHOTA SHIMLA. PHONE-8628868800 4 5. Give a brief of Mughal Rule in Himachal. Answer: Mughal influence grew in Himachal in medieval age. Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century. While Timur and Sikander Lodi also plundered through the lower hills to capture several forts and fought many battles. Feroz Shah Tughlak invaded Nagar Kot in 1365, while Muhmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century. During the medieval period, the older and larger states of Kullu, Kangra, Mandi etc. were divided and many new small states of Gular Siba, Datarpur, Handur, Koti, Bhajji, Kumarsain, Khaneti etc. came into existence. During this period, the Turks and Mughals attacked this region. The sultanate kings invaded parts of Himachal Pradesh from time-to-time but were unable to establish a permanent hold in the region owing to the harsh and hostile terrain. The real onset of a concrete relation between the Mughals and this hill state started with the rule of Akbar. He sent Todar Mal to seize Kangra. By 1620 when the reign of Jehangir started, Kangra came under the Mughal rule entirely, which continued for a very long time. In 1620, the Kangra fort was captured by the Mughal Army and was visited by Jehangir in 1622. He was welcomed by all hill chiefs and that’s how a special mention to Raja of Chamba has been given in Jehangir’s Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri. Even during the decline of Mughal Empire, under the reign of Aurangzeb, the hill rulers accepted the Mughal superiority. Once the Mughal Empire declined even in the hilly state, Raja Sansar Chand became the ruler of Kangra in 1775. He even won back the Kanga fort in 1786. 6. Discuss Battle of Aliwal. Answer: The Battle of Aliwal was fought on 28 January 1846 between the British and the Sikhs. Following the Battle of Ferozeshah, Tej Singh withdrew his Sikh army across the Sutlej River, while General Sir Hugh Gough formed his force on the south bank and awaited reinforcements. Seeing this inactivity on the part of the British and Bengali army, Tej Singh detached Ranjodh Singh with 8,000 troops and 70 guns to march east along the river and cross, so as to menace the British base at Ludhiana, thereby causing Gough great concern, as a large slow column of supplies with the British siege train was coming up from the east. HEAD OFFICE: CHANDIAGRH: SCO.72-73, 1st FLOOR, SECTOR-15-D, PHONE-9216442200 SHIMLA: NEAR CO-OPERATIVE BANK, CHHOTA SHIMLA. PHONE-8628868800 5 7. Write a note on inscriptions of Meru Varman. Answer: Meru Varman (A.D. 680): He seems to have been one of the most notable of the early Brahmapura rulers. He was probably the first to extend the state boundaries by conquest, for that he dedicated the idol of Shakti Devi in gratitude for help against his enemies. From an inscribed stone found at `Gun', erected by a feudatory of Meru Varman named Ashadha, it is clear M that Meru's rule extended from down to the Ravi Valley upto the present Chamba town. In the reign of Sri Dateshwar Pal, Raja of Kullu, there was a with war Brahmpura in which the Kullu Chief was killed by Meru Varman (mentioned as Amar). The predominance of Brahmpura was also confirmed further by a note in the Kullu annals that Amarpal, Raja of the state, was killed with his sons except one by the Brahmpura chief. 8. What is Global warming? Answer: Global Warming is the increase in Earth's mean surface temperature because of the effect of greenhouse gases. These gases absorb long wave radiations and warm the atmosphere, and this process is called as Greenhouse effect. For both land and ocean, the global mean surface temperature indicates warming of 0.85°C during 1880 to 2012. During the period 1906-2005, the Earth’s mean surface temperature had increased by 0.74±0.18°C. Hence, it is seen that the rate of warming approximately doubled for the last half of that duration (0.13±0.03°C per decade, as compared to 0.07±0.02°C per decade).