firefi enteh in 751 ‘ ( 12 Efiihrarg

cf the ' i ‘ fin hm ziig of (E s t onia

11 9

P r f o e s s o r Jo h n S a t t e rly De a p r t me nt o f Phy s i cs i Un v e r s i t y o f To r o nt o

E LY CAT H E D RAL.

D C . r h n An . Lxxrn. See E th eld y t o go n th ae t Mynst er a t Elige.

Tm : Saxon CH R ONI CLE .

Twelve centu ries and more is the tale of years in the history of Ely

' s . L iber E lienszis n Th om as th e Min ter In the , (a Chronicle begun by Mo k in

1 2 th co o f c 1 2 th or e r 1 century, a py whi h in a ly 3 th century handwriting is st e a r m e R m ill pr served in the Ch pte Muni nt oo ,) it is said that a Church

was o 0 S . ne in th e s e o f E l a t Cra ten dune e f unded in 6 7 by Augusti , I l y , , a mil

a re s a em e South of the present site . But be yond that b t t ent w have no eviden ce

an s rc . In 6 w t r of the existen ce of y uch Chu h 73 , ho ever, the first Ely Mins e

’ was founded by S . E th eldreda . An account of her life is given in Bede s

s H s oo . h x . n e th eldr h t Ecclesia tical i tory, B k iv (c apters xix, ) The Pri c ss E y was one of the four D augh ters of

I 6 2 T onb ert arldorm an Anna, King of the East Anglians married ( ) in 5 to , E or of o Girvii F i I Prin ce the S uth , or enmen , receiv ng the sle of Ely as her 2 6 8 rid Osw i dowry, and ( ) in 5 to n , son of y , King of Northumbr a, receiv ing a m i h c w as dowry l rge Northu br an Estates , w i h ho ever under the advice of

Wil r B . Y o r sh e . 1 2 f id, p of k , gave up to religious uses About years afi er her

t rid e sh e h ad m i s betro hal to n , wh n beco e 'ueen of Northumbr a, she re olved

m n m h er es I of to retire fro the Northern Ki gdo , to tate in the sle Ely, there to devote herself to a life of s eclus i on a nd prayer in a monast ery foun ded b y he rself. This she did in 6 7 3 . The fi rs t Ely Monaste ry was a doubl e h ouse of

a nd . th eldr Monks Nuns 'ueen E eda was the first Abbess . She died in 6 7 8 mm c t S exb ur a a rconb rt i was suc eeded by her sis er g , widow of E e , K ng of Kent.

6 l e m a was In 95 her body, p ac d in a white rble sarcophagus , translat ed t o th e x c fil e s r Sa on Chur h on present ite and the e, or within a few yards of that

a m e e 00 e rs n r pl ce , it re ain d for n arly 9 y a . a ce t e of pilgrim age and reveren ce . In 870 the Isle was ravaged b y the D anes and the Church and Monastery were

' m m fi 2 n destroyed . Willia of Mal esbury states (D e . Gest . Pont . . 93 ) that Ki g t i Alfred in 878 founded a College of priests on the vacant site . Cer a nly in

0 B . th elwold 97 , King Edgar by the advice of p E of Winchester, reorganised r n R th e the Ely Monastery unde the Be edictine ule, and gave back to it all lands with which it had originally been endowed . Brih tnoth was appointed

. 1 0 1 h a s first Abbot In 7 the Abbey, which had espoused t e c u e of the E theling

ft r H e r m Edgar, a er a long defence unde ereward , surr nde ed to Willia

. In 1 08 n r the Conqueror 3 , the buildi g of the p esent Cathedral was com m enced Walkelin by Abbot Simeon , brother of Bishop of Winchester and a

r 1 . kinsman of the Conqueror, and was continued du ing the 2th century

’ In 1 1 06 the second translation of S . E th eldreda s body took place to the

. 1 1 0 D e Norman choir, which had just been completed In 9 the ioc se of Ely was

n o f created , the reve ues of the Abbot being used for the endowment the See, so that henceforth the Prior was the head of th e Monastery . The great West Tower

r r m n n with its Transepts, (the Southe n one alone now e ai ing) belo g to the end 1 2 of the th century . Much of this work is due to the fifteen years of Geoffrey ’ Ridel s 1 1 — 1 o m Episcopate ( 74 The Western or Galilee P rch , see s to belong to the Episcopate of Eustace (1 1 98 It is a p e rfect exam ple of the fully developed Lancet style . In 1 23 5 the building of th e Presbytery was begun by Bishop H ugh of Northwold These six easternmost bays are of the very purest and most beautiful English Gothic of the 1 3 th century . ” Nowhere - says Proressor Freem an can we bette r study th e bo ldly clus te red c floriate d c marble pier with its deta hed shafts, the richly apitals with their round abaci the yet richer corbels which bear up the marble vaulting shafts , the bold and deeply cut m ouldings o f eve ry arch great and sm all . Lovelie r detail was ” m a n . n e re surely never wrought by the hand of I to this nobl P sbytery, on the

1 th O 1 2 2 c o f H e son m s ctober, 5 , in the presen e King nry III and his , and any of

n h th e F the leading nobles and prelates of the ki gdom , the S rines of oundress and

re . e m of the three other Abbesses , and the puted Shrine of S Alban , wer re oved ,

rm a few feet eastward from their position in the No an Choir, and the whole

- r Church in ground plan completed as we have it to day was dedicated to S . Ma y ,

8 . Peter and S . E th eldreda . But although the Cathedral was thus finished in th e 1 th far t e r 3 century as as its leng h and breadth w e concerned as it now stands , in the next century a necessary reconstruction of the central crossing of the building changed entirely not only the external outline but the whole general efie ct of

F r 2 2nd F 1 22 the Church within . o on the ebruary, 3 , the central Norman tower of fell , a catastrophe whi ch, through the supreme constructive genius Alan i ui de Walsingham , became a blessing in disgu se, and led to the b lding of the of octagon tower and lantern , a feature which gives to the interior Ely Minster

e xt its unique beauty and grace, que nly beyond words , an d to the e erior that i i e of character sti c outl ne, which has no f llow in any of the Churches England

Th e 1 22 e or indeed of Christen dom . stonework , begun in 3 , took six y ars to

u l 1 28 w b i d, and was fin ished in 3 ; the oodwork , begun at once on the completion m i il 1 of the stonework, too k twice the ti e and was not fin shed t l 34 2 . The s ul e c s of c ptured corbels , midway up a h of the eight vaulting hafts the octagon ,

contain representations of in cidents in the life of S . E th eldreda . The three ul O a beautif decorated arches east of the ct gon , now used as the place of the ri rc tual choir, whi ch took the place of the Norman a hes shattered by the fall of the tower the elabo rately canopied oak stalls (the 5 0 carved panels of scenes

ld m e n Ab eloo s from O and New Testa ent sc es are by of Louvain , a modern

- c r e w wood arver) ; the supe b Lady Chap l , ith its priceless sculptured work, one of the finest specim ens of D e co rated architecture in the kingdom ; the

’ - r re . th eldre da s sh ne m sub st uctu of S E ri , and a ong the monas tery buildings

’ Crauden s em i Prior Chapel , a perfect g of beauty and orig nality, are all Alan

’ de Walsing h am s wo rk T h e woode n py ra m idal spire which in all probability ’ r G ffr es r c owned Bishop eo ey s w te n tower, gave way in the 1 5 th century to th e e fl n t u present stone octagonal tow r , a ked wi h corner t rrets of a late D ecorated

e type , crowned ag ain with a wood n spire which has sin ce happily vanished . ’ s Bi hop Alcock s Chapel , at the east end of the north Choir Aisle was

’ co 1 86 —1 00 e nstructed 4 5 , and Bishop W st s Chapel at the co rresponding place

— ’ in 1 1 1 . 1 0 o al the south 5 5 5 3 4 In 77 , the ritual ch ir with W sing h am s a l r O x a st l s was moved f om under the ctagon to the e treme E st End , to b e again moved to its p resent position in 1 84 7 . Between 1 75 7 and 1 770 the c e s massive Norman stone s r en , which for eight centurie had stood across the

u o few e Nave, was r thlessly destr yed . and a y ars later, the roof of the upper hall of the Galilee Porch was removed and the weste rn opening of the Tower arch

' e fie ctuall o filled with a modern window, thus y bl cking the view of the three f e f e great Lan cets forty e t urth r west, through whi ch up to that tim e the setting sun must day by day through so many centuries ha ve flooded th e long Nave with its eveni ng light.

Ind ex t o Pla n of Ca th ed ra l .

e e n 1 8 6 - r n w se e isc a e th e un es n n n and Bisho Jos ph All 3 4 5 , du i g ho p op t Co ti of Hu ti gdo a nd th Arc e c nr r were a e 1 8 i cese . Be ford, e hd a o y of Sudbu y dd d ( 3 7) to D o of Ely

Bishop John Moore . Sir Mark Steward 1 603 . — s o e r s 1 1 8 rm er e n a nd s rwic . Bi hop R b t Butt , 73 8 74 , fo ly D a Bi hop of No h

Robert S te ward 1 5 70. M r m nne 1 8 e h is w w z e ew r h ter Sir . Willia Ly 5 9 , plac d by ido , Eli ab th St a d , dau of i m e r e r s th e wi e er r m we a nd m ot er th e W llia St wa d, aft rwa d f of Rob t C o ll of Protector Oliver.

ern r ss m r n th e ce b r Pr r and e n R b er ew r . Mod B a , a ki g pla of u ial of io D a o t St a d — Bishop Thom as Greene 1 7 23 3 8. — e n m re n 1 1 1 6 1 . e r th e kin dom em in r D a Hu ph y Ty dall , 5 9 4 H i to of Boh ia ight of r re h is re r n m er n e ce th e ' n 0 em i . e r s es Ma ga t g at g a d oth , i of i g Boh a Full tat that ’ t h e n e n w u a th be ueen E liz a beth s sub ect h e re fuse d ki gdom all gi g that he o ld r er ' j , n n than a Foreig P ri ce. m es en m 1 s r n th e h e r rc reb en r and Ja B tha 794 , Hi to ia of Cat d al Chu h of Ely, a P da y form erly a Minor Canon . s m s r c 1 — z e s r m er th e e rm n o n e th e Bi hop Tho a Good i h 5 3 4 5 4 , a alou p o ot of R fo atio , of er th e a n t revi se rs of th e Translation of th e N ew Testam e nt . Com pil of Duty to God d h e ’ n e r 1 1 . e Dutyto one s neighbou r in th e Church Cate chism . Lord Cha c llo 5 5 Built Gall ry e was m s r i n n n 1 1 as m es a nd of t h e Palac . It o t ob ab ly h s I ju ctio of 5 4 to I ag ’ e n m e n s r c e le h e es r c n . Awdre s ri ne and Tabl Mo u t of Mi a l s t at d to t d t u tio of S y Sh , possibly also to th e destruction of th e sculpture d work of th e Lady Chapel . — s r n e 1 600 0 e n n es er. Bi hop Ma ti H tou 9, D a of Wi ch t s m de o r 1 2 0—8 Arc e c n r m re en r Bi hop Willia Luda ( Louth) 9 9 , hd a o of Du ha , P b da y of ’ . s and Y r and n n . r n e r. S au , k i c d ha c P l of o — of L ol Lo C llo n rne 1 6 6 1 . re er ish o of r es Bisho Joh Ba t 3 3 74 T asurer of E ngland . Form ly B p Wo c ter ' an . n ser e th e s n e and th e Tr ri m n ws of Bath I t d Ea t Wi dow of Lady Chap l, ifo u Wi do of th e Presbyte ry e ast of th e Decorate d Choir. en n r Ti toft ar r es er a nd h is two w ves 1 — 0 C otaph of Joh , Lo d p , E l of Wo c t , i , 4 3 7 7 , a e r n e rn n ' gr at Pat o of l a i g and art . Caxton says of h im he floured in vertue a nd cunn n to whom he knew a n l t ora lztie in sci en y g ; none ly ke, mo g the ordes of the emp ce a nd m ora l vertue a nd F er e c m s h is e e The axe di d a t one blow ull x lai of b h adal, ” t 0 m or a in t n ou 17 e le rn g ha was lef t in the heads of a ll the surviving nobili ty . — ’ s e er nn n 1 6 1 68 rm er s er r a nd en . n s Bi hop P t Gu i g 75 4 , fo ly Ma t of Co pus th of S Joh e e m r e r re and e s r ess r v n s Coll g , Ca b idg , Lady Ma ga t R giu P of o of Di i ity, Bi hop of ” i c es er A r T a l . Ch h t , utho of he P r y erf or a l Conditions of Men — T m s ne e n ew r 1 1 1 rem ve s ce r m . er ew r o b to of D a St a d 5 4 5 5 7 , o d to thi pla f o 7 Rob t St a d o r r Stywa d, alias We lles o r of We lls (Norfolk) th e last Prior of th e Monaste ry a nd

fi rs e n. H e m se c m e b e escen n in re c n e n ' n t D a hi lf lai d to a d da t di t li of Ba quo, i g of c n in 1 0 8 r er ew r o r ew r nsm n r nce m es S otla d 4 , th oug h Walt St a d St a t, a ki a of P i Ja of c n en e is s ve r n s m e n s m th e r S otla d , but g alog t ha th ow o doub t upo thi clai of No folk ’ and Ely Steward fam ily (from whom on h is m oth er s side Oliver Crom well was al so desce nd ed) t b e a true b ran ch th e Sc tch r ya am i y Stuart . o — of o o l f l of n n e w n 1 8 r re Pr ess r v n m r e. Ca o S l y 3 3 75 , Lady Ma ga t of o of Di i ity, Ca b idg — ’ s n m 1 1 6 1 . nce r th e ' n s w r . ch e er Bi ho Joh Hotha 3 3 3 7 Cha llo of i g (Ed a d II ) Ex qu , Pre e nda r Y r A m uni fice nt r m e e e r e r w r rr of o k . p o ot r of th g r at a chit ctu al o ks ca ied o n under tie rule of Prior Crauden a nd from th e desrg ns of Alan de Walsingham th e S acrl st . In h i s m e th e e m e e ti Lady Cha el was b e th Octagon co pl t d, a nd th e o p e isi e s th e e r xqu t bay of d co ated Chorr design Tom b m oved h ere from 5 5 in Ch oir. ’ Bish op Wes t s gravestone m oved from th e chape l 1 885 . ' Ant vesto ne o r part of m onum en t found under th e floo r of th e Nave in S . Mary s Ch It is a sculptured re resenta tion of th e Arch ange l Mich ael carryi ng to ed h ea ven th e soul of a Bishop (in ica ted by th e crozier). O n th inscri b ' ” . M chae re ro m e is rm n a e and h as een b e th e S i l o t p It —of No a d t , b to tom b s tone of Bishop Nige l 1 1 33 6 9.

Mem u k ock. orial tab l et to Mrs. L c — R sse f r 1 8 1 88 . ' c r ee s h a n in r in r to Bish op Jam es u ll Wood o d 73 5 i a of L d , C apl i O d a y

th e ee n n er th e e c e e . S ee s cen a h in ve . 'u , Fou d of Ely Th ologi al Coll g al o ot p Na r e — s Bishop Bo Edward Spa k 1 81 2 1 83 6 . Bishop of Ch es ter On th e d eath of Bi hop Sparke e tem po ral j urisdiction exercise d within th e I sl e of Ely by th e Bish ops ce ased by Act of Parliam ent . — Bish op Edm und ' ee ne 1 77 1 1 781 . Bishop of Ch es ter — n en n r Cenotaph of Bis hop Nicholas Wes t 1 5 1 5 34 . Chaplai to H ry 'II. De an of Wi dso . Above th e tom b in se ve n sm all niches are d e ited th e bo nes of six Saxon Bish ops

. ' I . e n r es a n r Br tn o th s A n i wh o was ill ed of th e ' and C tu i . d of Ea l y of Ea t gl a, k e anes a t th e e n in r a nd wa s o ne th e e r ies e ne c rs th D j Battl of Maldo , of a l t b fa to o th e Monas te H is fin e d eath w or are worth y o f re m em brance God of ” na tions I tha nk hee f or a ll the j oy 1 ha ve had in lif e. Th ese re li cs were m oved h ere from th e Choir at th e e nd of th e las t century .

en ta h ish p parke . cf . 24 . C o p of B o S — 1 1 8 . Canon W. H . Mill 84 8 5 5 R eg ina Profess or of H ebrew at Cam b ridge.

e A f . Bishop Jos ph ll en . c . 1 — r l is d e em r 1 8 . n an N01 Ca din Lou Lux b u g, Bish op 43 1 4 44 Cha cellor of France d m analy.

Early Munim e nt ch est .

a n n enr Fardell 1 81 . C o H y , 9— 86 . Bish op John Alcock 1 4 1 5 01 Master of th e Rolls. Bish op of R och es ter and

rces er. n er es s e e ri h e m c th e ce : Wo t Fou d ofJ u Coll g , Cam b d built u h of Ely Pala

was c n r er r s e nr ' II. ce cen in r s e c e o t oll of wo k to H y Noti otaph No th id of hap l, and th e s ne i n s w e r n t s ' ns to bu lt i to Ea t all, b a i g h e in cripti on Johann es Alk oc Ep E lie nsis hanc fabri cam h eri fecit. — s l m re 1 1 8 . n e or r o r en Bi hop Wi lia G y 45 4 4 7 Cha c ll of Oxfo d L d Treasurer, a fri d of th e r rce s er n er e e r r . Ea l of Wo t Fou d of Balliol Coll g , Lib a y

Sir William Thorpe . sh en m n ne 1 66 —1 6 Bi op B j a i La y, 7 7 5 . ’ l s s ne r Th e Supposed to b e th e arm of Bishop North wo d to chai . sculpture represents ’ . s r w th e wolf with S . Edm un d s head in his paws Bi hop No th old had bee n Ab b ot of r Bu y S . Edm un ds . — sh r w 1 22 1 2 . Ab . E dm un dsb ur . H e th e Bi op Hugh of No th old, 9 5 4 bot of St y built Presbyte ry. H is burial place is m arke d by a m arbl e slab at th e foot of th e Altar

s e s. e sc re Th e r m . m un m . t p Notic ulptu , Marty do of S Ed d, at foot of to b

ene e r c 1 2 w e s ri c . P lop Pat i k 7 5 , if —of Bi hop Pat k m m s rre 1 8 82 . e C on Tho a Ja tt 5 5 — R gius Professo r of Hebrew . Bish op Matthias Mawson 1 75 4 7 1 . ' - r th e ' I' . e n s ub s r Pa t of c tury t ucture of S . Awdr ey s sh rin e. — s m n tr c 1 6 1 1 0 . e n e er r s h ch est er. t r Bi hop Si o Pa k 9 7 7 D a of P t bo ough , Bi hop of C i Au ho i ” en s sa My ti ca an d m any th er th e gi ca an d dev ti n a w rks . of M o— olo l o o l o s m ' e nn 1 2 1 2 . Bi hop Willia of ilk y 5 4 5 7 . A rchdeacon of Coventry and Ch ancellor

H e i ri e in S a i n h is e r n e n erre ere . n b d p , h a t o ly b i g in t d h H e fou d ed two Divinity s u _ xh i i i ns ri e E b t o at Cam b dg in conn ection with Barnwell Priory .

Mr. Base vi rch ec th e F zw m seum m r e wh o , a it t of it illia Mu , Ca b idg , o kill ed b y a fall in th e Western tower of th e Cath edral in 1 84 5 . U nknown — e 1 01 1 06 . sh . As h en e er. Bishop R ichard R dm an 5 5 Bi op of S aph, t of Ex t — er ss 1 1 2 2 . Fe w and T r ene e e m r e . D e an R b t , 7 9 llo uto of B t Coll g , Ca b idg o Mo — r n s e r 1 86 6 86 . M em orial tabl e t to D r. Chipp , o ga i t of Cath d al, — Canon Charl es Fl eetwood 1 7 1 7 3 7. — s h . Bishop William Fl e etwood 1 7 1 4 1 723 . Bishop of S. A ap

Thom as Stuart , 1 744 .

Place of Burial of Bishop Hugh of North wold . — r r th e n s e th e e h e Prior John of Crauden 1 3 2 1 4 1 . P io of Mo a t ry at tim of t b uilding of n el i s th e r n r ves ne th e r ss h as e en th e Octagon a d Lady Cha . It o igi al g a to , but b a b n een i and is s en in e An r renewe d . H e w as t h e frie of 'u Phil ppa, pok of th glia Sac a ” ' ' s r Pa i ficus wh o r e t h e m n s er cum m n ce et tran uilli tate as Pa to C , ul d o a t y o i pa q ” ac sacra relig io nis d ulcedine .

s n m cf. b ve 1 . Bi hop Joh Hotha , a o 9 — e n enr ae s r o r Adelm are 1 6 1 6 . re r n Mus c. D a H y C a , , 4 3 A g at pat o of i Th e Epitaph of Alan de Walsingham Flos opera torum dum vixit corpore sa una H ic j a cct ante chorum Prior e n tnm nlatus Alanna F r se em s to point to this a s th e site of his burial place . o it w—as j ust East of this point that th e stone Norm an screen (d em olishe d be twee n 1 75 7 1 779) divided th e nave from th e old B e ne dictine choi r. A tom b place d h e re th erefore would rightly ” b e spoken of as ant e chorum . Th e e xisting slab howe ver shows th e m atrix of a r ss w fi ui e m re a nd c rr n cr z er and is r ere re th e m b a , ith a g it d a yi g a o i , p obably th fo to b

s n e o ne th e xiv. cen r s s o r m re ri rs m ove s ce to of of tu y Bi hop , it d P o , d to thi pla at a tim e when so m any of th e later m onum ental slab s in th e Cathedral were disarranged .

s r cf. ve 2 . Bi hop Woodfo d, abo 3

e r ss . n r t Th C o of S Ovi : em oved to h e Cathedral from Hadd enham in th e last ce ntury. ” Th e nscr n is a em m v n ens e t re em . m en . r n 0 i iptio tua O i o da D qui A (G a t,

Ov m a nd res ' m en . Th e s r . v n w b e n in God, to , thy light thy t A ) to y of S O i ill fou d ’ B ede s E ccl esiastical History . H e was th e friend a nd house - thane of 'ueen Ethel re b ec m e m n s n m and is e d da, a a o k at La ti gha . sp cially m entioned b y Bede as b eing present at th e de ath of 8 . Chad at Lich field.

D im e ns ions of t h e C a t h ed ra l.

E ' TE R IOR .

T-h e wh ole e n h from West to s l g t , Ea t Th e e n t e re r ss o r r nse r m r l g h of th g at C o , T a t, f o No th to H eig h t o f th e fo ur stone turret s o f th e H e ig h t o f th e two t owers o f th e South - west Tra nsept H eig h t o f th e roof over th e N ave H eig h t o f th e e e s ern r n e e r ss H ight of th Ea t f o t, to th top of th C o

INTE R IOR . Th e whol e he ight from th e floor to th e centre of th e La ntern H eig h t o f th e vaulte d ro o f o f th e Choir e r m e e r th e c n r m o ne r e s Cl a dia t of O tago , f o pilla to th oppo ite e r m e e r t h e n e rn w n Cl a dia t of La t , ithi Le ng th o f th e La dy Ch apel (no w Trinity Ch urch )

0. N. TYNDALL.H 'NTI R.‘ LY.

E l y Ca th e dr al E l y Ca th e dr al

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