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De Financiële Lobby Op Haar Knieën Na De Financiële

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De Financiële Lobby Op Haar Knieën Na De Financiële DE FINANCIËLE LOBBY OP HAAR KNIEËN NA DE FINANCIËLE CRISIS? DIACHRONISCHE COMPARATIEVE CASESTUDIE: DE IMPACT VAN SALIENCE OP FINANCIËLE LOBBYSTRATEGIEËN INZAKE DE EUROPESE FINANCIËLE TRANSACTIETAKS Wetenschappelijke verhandeling Aantal woorden: 26491 Nele Debyser Stamnummer: 01614280 Promotor: Prof. dr. Ferdi De Ville Commissaris: Prof. dr. Niels Gheyle Masterproef voorgelegd voor het behalen van de graad master in de richting EU-Studies Academiejaar: 2019-2020 Inhoudsopgave VOORWOORD .................................................................................................................................................. 4 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 AFKORTINGEN ................................................................................................................................................. 6 INLEIDING ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1. LITERATUUROVERZICHT ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.1. Definities ............................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1.1. (Financiële) lobby ........................................................................................................................ 11 1.1.2. Salience ....................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.3. Financiële transactietaks ............................................................................................................. 11 1.2. Lobbystrategieën ................................................................................................................................ 12 1.2.1. Bedrijfsmacht .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.2.2. Inside & outside lobbyen ............................................................................................................. 15 1.2.3. Quiet & noisy business politics .................................................................................................... 16 1.3. De (Europese) financiële transactietaks ............................................................................................. 19 1.3.1. Historische Achtergrond.............................................................................................................. 20 1.3.2. EU FTT – Een relaas van falen ...................................................................................................... 23 1.3.3. Tijdslijn ........................................................................................................................................ 26 1.3.4. Nederland .................................................................................................................................... 26 1.3.5. Ierland ......................................................................................................................................... 27 1.3.6. Vergelijking Nederland & Ierland ................................................................................................ 28 2. PROBLEEMSTELLING .................................................................................................................................. 33 2.1. Onderzoeksvraag ................................................................................................................................ 33 2.2. Verantwoording ................................................................................................................................. 35 3. ONDERZOEKSDESIGN ................................................................................................................................ 37 3.1. Onderzoekstype & verantwoording ................................................................................................... 37 3.1.1. Casestudie ................................................................................................................................... 37 3.1.2. Framing ........................................................................................................................................ 39 3.2. Operationalisering & data .................................................................................................................. 44 4. EXPLORATIEF EMPIRISCH ONDERZOEK ..................................................................................................... 49 4.1. Salience .............................................................................................................................................. 49 4.1.1. Nederland .................................................................................................................................... 49 4.1.2. Ierland ......................................................................................................................................... 50 2 4.1.3. Discussie ...................................................................................................................................... 52 4.2. Framing lobbystrategie ...................................................................................................................... 53 4.2.1. Nederland .................................................................................................................................... 55 4.2.2. Ierland ......................................................................................................................................... 63 4.2.3. Vergelijking Nederland & Ierland ................................................................................................ 69 5. CONCLUSIES............................................................................................................................................... 71 6. BIBLIOGRAFIE ............................................................................................................................................ 75 7. BIJLAGE ...................................................................................................................................................... 83 7.1. Bijlage 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 83 7.2. Bijlage 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 85 7.3. Bijlage 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 86 7.4. Bijlage 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 87 3 VOORWOORD In dit voorwoord wil ik graag enkele personen bedanken die rechtstreeks en onrechtstreeks mijn masterproef naar een hoger niveau hebben getild. Logischerwijs beginnen we waar het allemaal bij begonnen is, mijn mama. Dank u om mij de vrijheid te geven om dingen na te streven die mij geluk brengen en mij te laten opgroeien met de levenswijsheid dat er voor ieder probleem een oplossing bestaat. Tijdens het schrijven van een scriptie in tijden van corona kwam deze wijsheid en het doorzettingsvermogen dat ze me aanleerde des te meer van pas. In de tweede plaats wil ik mijn schoonouders bedanken om er voor te zorgen dat ik tijdens deze lockdown niets te kort kwam, op die manier kon ik mij volledig focussen op het schrijven van deze thesis. Daarbij komende wil ik mijn vriendin, Leni, bedanken om twee maanden samen te leven met een thesis-student. Bedankt om steeds een luisterend oor aan te bieden; je betrokkenheid en vooral het nalezen van deze masterproef worden op prijs gesteld. Mijn taalfouten haalden bij momenten het bloed vanonder jouw nagels, maar desondanks bleef je me steunen. Tot slot rest er mij niets anders dan mijn promotor, Prof. dr. Ferdi De Ville, uitgebreid te bedanken. Dank u om al mijn mails in een mum van tijd te beantwoorden, telkens met grondige en nuttige feedback. Dank u om mijn masterproef in de juiste richting te duwen. 4 ABSTRACT Deze masterproef analyseert lobbystrategieën rond het debat van de financiële transactietaks (FTT) in de Nederlandse en Ierse financiële sector, zowel voor als na de financiële crisis. De onderzoeksvraag luidt als volgt: ‘Wat is de impact van salience, volgend op de economische crisis, op de lobbystrategie van de financiële sector?’. De paper geeft een gedetailleerde inkijk in het ontstaan en het verloop van de transactietaks samen met een studie over de verschillende strategieën die kenmerkend zijn voor de financiële lobbysector. Daar komt het opmerkelijke fenomeen salience aan bod en zien we dat een hoge vorm van salience de invloed van de financiële sector kan fnuiken. Industriegroepen doen het bijgevolg niet goed tijdens grote media-aandacht, toch zien we dat de FTT er niet is doorgekomen in tijden van crisis. Dit wijst op een contradictie met de literatuur die tot op heden onderbelicht is. Deze verhandeling introduceert (voor het eerst in de literatuur) een zelfgemaakt frame om
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