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Ebook Code REAU5044 SAMPLE Contents Teachers' Notes 4 Comprehension Activity 1 26 Curriculum Links 5 Comprehension Activity 2 27 Flights into Space 1 28 SECTION 1: LAND Flights into Space 2 29 Early Car Design Space Technology 30 The Innovations of Otto, Langen and Wankel 7 Space Activity 1 31 Comprehension Activity 8 Space Activity 2 32 Creative Activity 9 Space Activity 3 33 Modern Car Design Top Secret Space Plane 34 Piston Engines 10 Piston Engines Activity 11 SECTION 3: SEA Gears 12 Under the Water Gears Template 13 Submarines 36 Technology and the Environment 14 Submarine Activity 37 Technology and the Environment Activity 15 Diesel Electric and Nuclear Submarines 1 38 Diesel Electric and Nuclear Submarines 2 39 Cars of the Future Comparing Early and Modern Submarines 40 Future Designs 16 Comparing Early and Modern Submarines Future Designs Activity 17 Activity 41 Future Designs 2 18 Life in a Modern Submarine 1 42 Future Designs Activity 2 19 Life in a Modern Submarine 2 43 Nuclear Submarines and the Environment 44 SECTION 2: AIR SAMPLEOther Submarines 45 Aircraft Design Submarine Stories 46 Aerodynamic Forces 22 Build a Submarine 47 Aerodynamic Forces Activity 23 Examining Technological Leaps Answers 48 The Technological Innovations of the Wright Brothers 24 The Flyer and The Modern Day Airbus 25 3 Teachers’ Notes Fantastic Inventions examines how past, current The Air Section focuses on the Wright brothers’ and future inventions consistently affect our early plane. This method of transport is modes of transport, our lifestyles and the compared to the Boeing 747 and the new environment. -
US Army Mechanic Course Wheeled Vehicle Fuel and Exhaust Systems
SUBCOURSE EDITION OD1004 6 US ARMY ORDNANCE CENTER AND SCHOOL WHEELED VEHICLE FUEL AND EXHAUST SYSTEM US ARMY LIGHT WHEEL VEHICLE MECHANIC MOS 63B SKILL LEVEL 3 COURSE WHEELED VEHICLE FUEL AND EXHAUST SYSTEMS SUBCOURSE NO. OD1004 EDITION 6 US Army Ordnance Center and School Five Credit Hours GENERAL The Wheeled Vehicle Fuel and Exhaust Systems subcourse, part of the Light Wheel Vehicle Mechanic MOS 63B Skill Level 3 Course, is designed to teach the knowledge necessary to develop the skills to service and maintain fuel and exhaust systems. This subcourse provides information about the fuel and exhaust systems for both spark ignition and compression ignition engines. It also provides information on inspection procedures for these systems. The subcourse is presented in three lessons. Each lesson corresponds to a terminal objective as indicated below. Lesson 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GASOLINE ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS TASK: Describe the fundamentals of gasoline engine fuel systems. CONDITIONS: Given information about the types, location, operation, and inspection of gasoline engine fuel and air system components. STANDARDS: Answer 70 percent of the multiple-choice items on the examination covering the fundamentals of gasoline engine fuel systems. Lesson 2: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS TASK: Describe the fundamentals of compression ignition engine fuel systems. CONDITIONS: Given information about the types, location, operation, and inspection of compression ignition engine fuel system components. STANDARDS: Answer 70 percent of the multiple-choice items on the examination covering the fundamentals of compression ignition engine fuel systems. i Lesson 3: ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMS TASK: Describe the fundamentals of engine exhaust systems. -
The Pennsylvania State University Schreyer Honors College
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & NUCLEAR ENGINEERING DESIGN AND CALIBRATION OF AN ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR A COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS SPARK IGNITION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE IN A HYBRID VEHICLE SAMUEL H. MILLER SPRING 2013 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Mechanical Engineering with honors in Mechanical Engineering Reviewed and approved* by the following: Joel Anstrom Senior Research Associate at the Larson Institute Thesis Supervisor H.J. Sommer III Professor of Mechanical Engineering Honors Adviser Daniel Haworth Professor of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Reader * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. ! ! ! ! !"#$%!&$' The United States has been dependent on foreign oil for many years. In 2011, the United States of America imported 45% of its petroleum from other nations [1]. In addition, efforts are being made to identify more eco-friendly options for fuel to serve as gasoline alternatives. One such fuel, which could decrease the United State dependence on foreign oil while helping the environment, is natural gas. An abundance of natural gas is found in the United States, and the burning of natural gas in internal combustion engines (ICE) releases less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions than gasoline. One of the most complex parts of natural gas ICE is the electronic fuel injection system. These systems are controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU), which is essential for optimizing engine efficiency, performance and emissions. The goal of this research was to reconfigure a hybrid-electric vehicle for compressed natural gas usage. ! ! "! ! ! ! ! TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES.......................................................................................... -
Bulletin 173 Plate 1 Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 173 PLATE 1 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 173 CATALOG OF THE MECHANICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE DIVISION OF ENGINEERING UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BY FRANK A. TAYLOR UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1939 For lale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 50 cents ADVERTISEMENT Tlie scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec- tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi- zations and to specialists and others interested in the different sub- jects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. Tlie series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, contains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type specimens and special collections, and other material of simi- lar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear vol- umes under the heading Contrihutions from the United States Na- tional Eerharium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. -
Transportation: Past, Present and Future “From the Curators”
Transportation: Past, Present and Future “From the Curators” Transportationthehenryford.org in America/education Table of Contents PART 1 PART 2 03 Chapter 1 85 Chapter 1 What Is “American” about American Transportation? 20th-Century Migration and Immigration 06 Chapter 2 92 Chapter 2 Government‘s Role in the Development of Immigration Stories American Transportation 99 Chapter 3 10 Chapter 3 The Great Migration Personal, Public and Commercial Transportation 107 Bibliography 17 Chapter 4 Modes of Transportation 17 Horse-Drawn Vehicles PART 3 30 Railroad 36 Aviation 101 Chapter 1 40 Automobiles Pleasure Travel 40 From the User’s Point of View 124 Bibliography 50 The American Automobile Industry, 1805-2010 60 Auto Issues Today Globalization, Powering Cars of the Future, Vehicles and the Environment, and Modern Manufacturing © 2011 The Henry Ford. This content is offered for personal and educa- 74 Chapter 5 tional use through an “Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike” Creative Transportation Networks Commons. If you have questions or feedback regarding these materials, please contact [email protected]. 81 Bibliography 2 Transportation: Past, Present and Future | “From the Curators” thehenryford.org/education PART 1 Chapter 1 What Is “American” About American Transportation? A society’s transportation system reflects the society’s values, Large cities like Cincinnati and smaller ones like Flint, attitudes, aspirations, resources and physical environment. Michigan, and Mifflinburg, Pennsylvania, turned them out Some of the best examples of uniquely American transporta- by the thousands, often utilizing special-purpose woodwork- tion stories involve: ing machines from the burgeoning American machinery industry. By 1900, buggy makers were turning out over • The American attitude toward individual freedom 500,000 each year, and Sears, Roebuck was selling them for • The American “culture of haste” under $25. -
Seminar: Statistical Decay of Complex Systems (Nuclei)
W. W. Udo Schröder,2015 Energy: Science Technology & Society 1 Time Line Tools & Fuels (Western Cultures) Before Common Era (BCE) 0 // Common Era (CE) -3000 -2000 -1000 0 // 1000 // 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 | | | || | | | | | | | - 2.5 Ma Transport/ Age of Wind Power/Manufacture Electricity 2 Age of Hydro Power Electricity Age of Steam Power Electricity Age of Combustion Age of Electro Power Tools/Engines Biomass Geothermal (dung, Solar wood,..) Coal Carriers Oil, Gas Industrial Revolution/ Machine Machine Age Industrial Revolution/ Industrial Industrial Mass Production Technological Revolution Technological Medieval Technological Revolution Technological Medieval Second Machine Age Primary Energy Primary U, Th,.. Energy: Science Technology & Society First First Advent of internal combustine engine, discovery of crude oil as fuel, S&T of electro-magnetismelectricity as carrier, nuclear power W. Udo Schröder, 2015 The Internal Combustion Engine Internal combustion engine built by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir (Paris, 1860). Double-acting engine running on illuminating gas (18 liter, 2 hp, 4% efficiency). 3 Nicolaus Otto saw Nicolaus Otto Karl Benz engine on visit to Paris. 1832-1891 1844-1929 Lenoir engine Modern Otto Motor 1876: Otto and Langen created first internal combustion engine with compression of fuel mixture prior to combustion. higher Energy: Science Technology & Society efficiency. Piston, cylinder intake & exhaust valves, camshaft. First practical automobile Karl Benz:Mannheim, 1885. W. Udo Schröder, 2015 Early Liquid Transportation Fuels 1885 Daimler “Petroleum Reitwagen” = motor bike with Otto engine, hot-tube ignition, fuel= ligroin. Fuel used until the early 1900s. 4 Replaced by petroleum gasoline (Petrol, gas, Benzin,..) Gasoline filled jar, Wikipedia Wikipedia Ligroin mixture of various volatile, highly flammable, hydrocarbon mixtures used chiefly as nonpolar solvents. -
Four Stroke IC Engine
आधुनिक आवर् त सारणी ✓ Multiple courses in Single Subscription ✓ Unlimited Access ✓ Live polls & Leaderboard ✓ Interact with Educator ✓ Test Series & Analysis ✓ LIVE Doubt Clearing Session ✓ PDF of Every class आधुनिक आवर् त सारणी Comparison of Otto, Diesel and Dual Cycles ➢ Case 1: Same Compression Ratio and Heat Rejection: Otto cycle has the highest work output and efficiency. Diesel cycle has the least efficiency and Dual cycle having the efficiency between the two. Wifistudy | Neeraj Sir 14 Comparison of Otto, Diesel and Dual Cycles Wifistudy | Neeraj Sir 15 Comparison of Otto, Diesel and Dual Cycles ➢ Case 2: Same Peak Pressure, Peak Temperature and Heat Rejection: The Diesel cycle efficiency is greater than the Otto cycle efficiency and Dual cycle having the efficiency between the two. Wifistudy | Neeraj Sir 16 Comparison of Otto, Diesel and Dual Cycles Wifistudy | Neeraj Sir 17 Internal Combustion Engine and Its Type ➢ An internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the engine itself. ➢ In 1872, American George Brayton invented the first commercial liquid-fueled internal combustion engine. In 1876, Nicolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, patented the compressed charge, four-stroke cycle engine. ➢ It is used mainly in all type of automobiles. Wifistudy | Neeraj Sir 18 Internal Combustion Engine and Its Type ➢ According to working cycle completion IC engines are classified as : 1. Two Stroke IC Engine 2. Four Stroke IC Engine ➢ According to fuel ignition mechanism IC engines are classified as : 1. -
History of the Internal Combustion Engine
1 2 THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Sorin RAŢIU1 1UNIVERSITY « POLITEHNICA » TIMIŞAORA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA ABSTRACT The article presents a brief outline of the history of the internal combustion engine industry. Engine design and car design were integral activities, almost all of the engine designers mentioned in the article also designed cars, and a few went on to become major manufacturers of automobiles. All of these inventors and more made notable improvements in the evolution of the internal combustion vehicles. KEYWORDS history, internal combustion engine 1. INTRODUCTION An internal combustion engine is any engine that uses the explosive combustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder - the piston's movement turns a crankshaft that then turns the car wheels via a chain or a drive shaft. The different types of fuel commonly used for car combustion engines are gasoline (or petrol), diesel, and kerosene. Many people claimed the invention of the internal combustion engine in the 1860's, but only one has the patent on the four stroke operating sequence. In 1867, Nikolaus August Otto, a German engineer, developed the four-stroke "Otto" cycle, which is widely used in transportation even today. Otto developed the four-stroke internal combustion engine when he was 34 years old. The Diesel Engine came about in 1892 by another German engineer, Rudolph Diesel. The Diesel engine is designed heavier and more powerful than gasoline engines and utilizes oil as fuel. Diesel engines are a commonly used in heavy machinery, locomotives, ships, and some automobiles. It is important to mention that the basic operating principles of these engines have been around for more than a hundred years and they are still in place. -
"A Thermodynamic Based Model for Predicting Piston Engine
A THERMODYNAMICS BASED MODEL FOR PREDICTING PISTON ENGINE PERFORMANCE FOR USE IN AVIATION VEHICLE DESIGN A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty By Justin L. Highley In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology April 2004 A THERMODYNAMICS BASED MODEL FOR PREDICTING PISTON ENGINE PERFORMANCE FOR USE IN AVIATION VEHICLE DESIGN Approved By: Dr. Daniel P. Schrage, Advisor Dr. Jimmy Tai Mr. Mark Waters Date Approved: April 2, 2004 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Daniel Schrage for encouraging me to pursue a thesis in piston engine analysis, and for providing me with the academic resources necessary to complete the research. I must also thank Dr. Jimmy Tai for working with me throughout the project and providing guidance and mentorship. Particularly in the early stages of research process, he assisted in the development of my specific thesis topic, and helped me create the road map that laid the foundation necessary for success. Finally, I must thank Mr. Mark Waters. Without his constant assistance, suggestions, and sanity checks I would have never obtained the level of fidelity and quality I desired for this project. His eagerness to help and genuine interest in my work made this research much easier and more enjoyable. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... -
Fantastic Inventions UK.Indd
Ebook Code: REUK5044 Key Stages 2/3 (Ages 9 - 13) Fantastic Inventions The earliest and most recent land, air and sea creations which will both engage and amaze. Contents Teachers' Notes 4 Comprehension Activity 1 26 Curriculum Links 5 Comprehension Activity 2 27 Flights into Space 1 28 SECTION 1: LAND Flights into Space 2 29 Early Car Design Space Technology 30 The Innovations of Otto, Langen and Wankel 7 Space Activity 1 31 Comprehension Activity 8 Space Activity 2 32 Creative Activity 9 Space Activity 3 33 Modern Car Design Top Secret Space Plane 34 Piston Engines 10 Piston Engines Activity 11 SECTION 3: SEA Gears 12 Under the Water Gears Template 13 Submarines 36 Technology and the Environment 14 Submarine Activity 37 Technology and the Environment Activity 15 Diesel Electric and Nuclear Submarines 1 38 Diesel Electric and Nuclear Submarines 2 39 Cars of the Future Comparing Early and Modern Submarines 40 Future Designs 16 Comparing Early and Modern Submarines Future Designs Activity 17 Activity 41 Future Designs 2 18 Life in a Modern Submarine 1 42 Future Designs Activity 2 19 Life in a Modern Submarine 2 43 Nuclear Submarines and the Environment 44 SECTION 2: AIR Other Submarines 45 Aircraft Design Submarine Stories 46 Aerodynamic Forces 22 Build a Submarine 47 Aerodynamic Forces Activity 23 Examining Technological Leaps Answers 48 The Technological Innovations of the Wright Brothers 24 The Flyer and The Modern Day Airbus 25 3 Sample Sample LAND Sample 6 NEarly CarN Design The Innovations of Otto, Langen and Wankel Read the information below. -
Fuel Intake System Intake Manifolds
Fuel Intake System Below is an overview of the fuel system intake operation Intake Manifolds An intake manifold is a system of passages which conduct the fuel mixture from the carburetor to the intake valves of the engine. Manifold design has much to do with the efficient operation of an engine. For smooth and even operation, the fuel charge taken into each cylinder should be of the same strength and quality. Distribution of the fuel should, therefore, be as even as possible. This depends greatly upon the design of the intake manifold. Dry fuel vapor is an ideal form of fuel charge, but present-day fuel prevents this unless the mixture is subjected to high temperature. If the fuel charge is heated too highly, the power of the engine is reduced because the heat expands the fuel charge. Therefore, it is better to have some of the fuel deposited on the walls of the cylinders and manifold vents. Manifolds in modern engines are designed so that the amount of fuel condensing on the intake manifold walls is reduced to a minimum. In a V-8 engine, the intake manifold is mounted between the cylinder heads. The L- head engine's manifold is bolted to the side of the block, and the I-head manifold is bolted to the cylinder head. Ram Induction Manifolds The ram induction manifold system consists of twin air cleaners, twin four-barrel carburetors and two manifolds containing eight long tubes of equal length (four for each manifold). This system was designed by the Chrysler Company to increase power output by in the middle speed range (1800-3600 rpm). -
Social Studies Book 1
4th Grade Social Studies Book 1 For families who need academic support, please call 504-349-8999 Monday-Thursday • 8:00 am–8:00 pm Friday • 8:00 am–4:00 pm Available for families who have questions about either the online learning resources or printed learning packets. ow us you Sh r #JPSchoolsLove 3rd-5th GRADE DAILY ROUTINE Examples Time Activity 3-5 8:00a Wake-Up and • Get dressed, brush teeth, eat breakfast Prepare for the Day 9:00a Morning Exercise • Exercises o Walking o Jumping Jacks o Push-Ups o Sit-Ups o Running in place High Knees o o Kick Backs o Sports NOTE: Always stretch before and after physical activity 10:00a Academic Time: • Online: Reading Skills o iReady • Packet o Reading (one lesson a day) 11:00a Play Time Outside (if weather permits) 12:00p Lunch and Break • Eat lunch and take a break • Video game or TV time • Rest 2:00p Academic Time: • Online: Math Skills o iReady Math o Zearn Math • Packet o Math (one lesson a day) 3:00p Academic • Puzzles Learning/Creative • Flash Cards Time • Board Games • Crafts • Bake or Cook (with adult) 4:00p Academic Time: • Independent reading Reading for Fun o Talk with others about the book 5:00p Academic Time: • Online Science and Social o Study Island (Science and Social Studies) Studies Para familias que necesitan apoyo académico, por favor llamar al 504-349-8999 De lunes a jueves • 8:00 am – 8: 00 pm Viernes • 8:00 am – 4: 00 pm Disponible para familias que tienen preguntas ya sea sobre los recursos de aprendizaje en línea o los paquetes de aprendizaje impresos.