DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction Notes Introduction 1. Chicago Times, May 5, 1886, p. 1; Chicago Herald, May 5, 1886, p. 1. 2. Good accounts of the aftermath of the riot can be found in Chicago Tribune, May 5–6, 1886, p. 1; Chicago Herald, May 5, 1886, p. 1. 3. Chicago Tribune, June 14, 1888, p. 2. 4. Chicago Tribune, May 4, 1887, p. 3; Chicago Times, May 8, 1886, p. 2; May 12, 1886, p. 8. On Daly see Chicago Inter-Ocean, May 7, 1892, p. 1; Sept. 30, 1896, p. 4. 5. Even after 125 years of discussion and research about this event, there are still wildly con- flicting statements as to the number of people killed or wounded around the Haymarket Square that night. Estimates of casualties among the protesters vary even further, from one civilian killed to a death toll of as many as “fifty or more workers” (James Green, Ta k - ing History to Heart: The Power of the Past in Building Social Movements (Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press, 2000), p. 121). Both Paul Avrich and Henry David agree that the proper total of deaths on the police side should be seven, though they differ as to the total among civilians. David counts one dead and more than 50 wounded, while Avrich esti- mates “seven or eight dead and thirty to forty wounded” on the belief that some victims were secretly buried (Henry David, The History of the Haymarket Affair: A Study in the American Social-Revolutionary and Labor Movements (New York: Russell & Russell, 1936, 2nd ed., 1958), pp. 206, 234, n. 20; Paul Avrich, The Haymarket Tragedy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1984), p. 208). These numbers have since then been recycled endlessly through undergraduate textbooks and general treatments of the era. Neither David nor Avrich consulted the authoritative source of information about deaths in Chicago, the Coroner’s Records of Inquest, all of which exist for the year 1886. According to these records, a total of three men were killed in the melee following the bombing near the Haymarket Square on May 4: Carl Kiester, who died that night; Mathias Lewis, who lingered until May 9; and Charles Schumacher, who succumbed the day after Lewis (Coroner’s Inquest Records, Nos. 1557, 1569, 1583 (all 1886), Illinois Regional Archives Depository, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago). In order to arrive at his total of “seven or eight,” Avrich counts “four civil- ians ...definitely known to have been killed”; they include Lewis, Kiester, and Schumacher. Emil Lutz, whom he includes as his fourth, was apparently injured, but his shoulder wound did not lead to his death according to the Coroner’s records for 1886, or state death certificates. To claim Lutz in his body count, Avrich cites William Adelman’s Haymarket Revisited, who does state that Lutz was killed but provides no source for this claim other than to mention that Lutz’s death was “verified by death certificates,” which is not true (Adelman, Haymarket Revisited, p. 38). None of the death records of the state of Illinois list an “Emil Lutz” or any variant spelling of that name (see Pre–1916 Illinois Statewide Death Index, Illinois Regional Archives Depository). Adelman may have mis- taken Emil Lutz for Nelson Lutz, a different man, who did die in July 1886 of causes not related to the riot. (Chicago Tribune, July 15, 1886, p. 2.) To this already shaky total, 188 N OTES Avrich adds Reinhold Krueger, who was shot to death in a police shootout in a saloon the day after the Haymarket Riot. He then adds an “unidentified Bohemian ...who was killed in the affray” but fails to mention that this man was only unidentified by the initial press reports and was later revealed to be Kiester. Of Avrich’s total count of the dead, one is a man who was injured but did not die, another is a man who was killed the following day in a different place, and a third is a man counted twice. (Avrich, p. 210.) Even with this degree of padding, Avrich is still left a few bodies short of his total of “seven or eight.” To fill the gap, Avrich then claims that the exact number of civilian dead cannot be known because many of the victims were secretly buried out of fear of arrest. To sustain this claim Avrich relies not on a primary source, but on an unattributed rumor mentioned in Harry Barnard’s Eagle Forgotten: The Life of John Peter Altgeld published in 1938. Indeed, in this highly readable account of the Haymarket drama, Barnard does refer to rumors of secret burials, but writes, “The story was that many of the civilians were killed but ‘the anarchists stole their dead away and buried the bodies secretly.’ This probably was not true.” (Avrich, p. 210. Harry Barnard, “Eagle Forgotten”: The Life of John Peter Altgeld (New York: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1938), p. 106.) While it was certainly possible for individuals to be secretly buried in 1886, even in established cemeteries (as some cemeteries would inter bodies on the strength of a physi- cian’s certificate and not a permit from the health department), it is highly unlikely that this was done in the wake of the Haymarket episode for two reasons. First, considering the intense media focus on the case, with all manner of rumors printed first and retracted later, and the number of people who would have had to be part of such a midnight burial, the fact that no such burials were reported, even as a “newspaper yarn,” or evidence for them turned up in the 125 years since, strongly suggests that none occurred. (See Chicago Tribune article on “newspaper yarns” about the Haymarket case, May 12, 1886.) Second, and more importantly, those individuals who were most seriously wounded were also least able to flee from the police. In order for anyone to escape that night, they had to outrun the police for a distance of at least three blocks within a few minutes after the blast; police reinforcements secured an area three blocks in radius from the point of the blast. Most of the citizens who were most gravely injured lay in the street until picked up by police after the riot. For example, Charles Schumaker, the young tailor who lingered a week until succumbing to an infection of the heart, lay in the street near the speaker’s wagon for half an hour before being picked up by Officer John O’Dowd and carried back to the Desplaines street station, which, by that time, was filled with injured rioters unable to flee the area. (Chicago Tribune, May 13, 1886, p. 2.) If we wish to apply normal standards of scholarship to this incident, then we must conclude that in addition to the seven police officers slain that night (as well as the one who died a year later of complications arising from his injuries), there were three citizens, Carl Kiester, Mathias Lewis, and Charles Schumacher, who were shot and killed. Several dozen other citizens were wounded. 6. Robert W. Glenn, The Haymarket Affair: An Annotated Bibliography (Westport, CO: Greenwood Press, 1993). 7. Joseph R. Conlin, The American Past: A Survey of American History, vol. 2 (Boston: Wadsworth Publishers, 9th ed., 2009), p. 453. 8. G.L. Doebler, “The Contest for Memory: Haymarket through a Revisionist Looking Glass,” Fifth Estate, #352 (Winter 1999), pp. 3–8. 9. The New York Times, Sept. 15, 2004, p. 16. 10. David, 541. 11. Avrich, 456. 12. James Green, Death in the Haymarket: A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement and the Bombing that Divided Gilded Age America (New York: Pantheon Books, 2006), pp. 10, 12. N OTES 189 13. Foster Rhea Dulles and Melvyn Dubofsky, Labor in America: A History (Harlan Davidson, 4th ed., 1984), p. 118. 14. In the Supreme Court of Illinois, Northern Grand Division, March Term, A.D. 1887. August Spies et al., vs. The People of the State of Illinois. Abstract of Record, 2 vols., Chicago, 1887. 15. Avrich notes in his bibliography, “The Chicago Historical Society houses a rich collection ...[including] a complete transcript of the trial, of which the Abstract of Record is a two-volume abridgement” (p. 517). However, none of his footnotes reference the full transcript, only the Abstract of Record. William P. Black, Moses Salomon, and Sigmund Zeisler, eds. Abstract of Record (Chicago: Barnard & Gunthorp, 1887). Volume 1 deals with procedural motions, jury selection, and evidence. Volume 2 contains excerpts and abridgements of trial testimony. Chapter 1 1. Keith Inman and Norah Rudin, Principles and Practice of Forensic Science: The Profession of Forensic Science (Boca Ratan, NJ: CRC Press, 2001), Appendix A. 2. Chicago Journal, May 5, 1886, p. 1. 3. Chicago Mail, May 5, 1886 (11 a.m. edition), p. 1; Chicago News, May 5, 1886, p. 1. 4. Chicago Tribune, May 5, 1886, p. 1; Chicago Mail, May 5, 1886 (10 a.m. edition), p. 1. 5. Chicago Tribune, May 6, 1886, p. 1. 6. Philip S. Foner, ed., The Autobiographies of the Haymarket Martyrs (New York: Humanities Press, 1969), pp. 131–160; Chicago Tribune, Aug. 11, 1886, p. 1. 7. Testimony of James Bonfield, Haymarket Affair Digital Collection (HADC), Chicago Historical Society, Vol. I, pp. 361–362, 458–459. 8. Chicago Tribune, May 7, 1886, p. 2. 9. Paul Avrich, The Haymarket Tragedy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1984), p. 123; Foner, p. 67. 10. Details of Spies family can be found at U.S. Census for 1880, Series T9, Roll 196, p. 382, subpage B. 11. For insight into the schisms within the SLP see Thomas Morgan to NEC, July 19, 1880, Morgan to Van Patten, July 20, 1880, M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Harriet Wilson Letter Janfinal
    1 Ohio, Hamilton County Reply of H. N. Wilson1 of College Hill, Ohio to the UGRR Circular College Hill, April 14, 1892 Mr. Siebert, I enclose my hastily prepared paper which has been done under many interruptions. I should copy it but there is dangerous illness in the family nearest me so that I can not take the necessary time today and trust you will pardon the crude way in which it is sent to you. You may care to use any of the material--if so all right. Do just what you think best in the matter. I presume you have the “Reminiscences of Levi Coffin” who was the pioneer as well as the foundation of the UGRR in Western Ohio and Eastern Indiana. “Uncle Levi”2 and “Aunt Katie”3 should indeed be “patron saints” of the colored people. I knew them both quite well and you may rely on his statement as “gospel truth.” Speaking of my brother, J.G. Wilson4 at Farmers’ College5, Murat Halstead6 was a student here at that time but from his early training and surroundings was not in the work of the Underground R.R. I think Oliver W. Nixon7, now of Chicago, was one of the young Quakers mentioned. Most of the active ones at that time are dead. Our present President Harrison8 was also here at that time. If you have any special questions and I can answer them, I will do so if you so desire. I met Mrs. Downs in the city yesterday P.M., whom I do not know, but she made herself known to me and told me that you wished for some information etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Writings of Lucy Parsons
    “My mind is appalled at the thought of a political party having control of all the details that go to make up the sum total of our lives.” About Lucy Parsons The life of Lucy Parsons and the struggles for peace and justice she engaged provide remarkable insight about the history of the American labor movement and the anarchist struggles of the time. Born in Texas, 1853, probably as a slave, Lucy Parsons was an African-, Native- and Mexican-American anarchist labor activist who fought against the injustices of poverty, racism, capitalism and the state her entire life. After moving to Chicago with her husband, Albert, in 1873, she began organizing workers and led thousands of them out on strike protesting poor working conditions, long hours and abuses of capitalism. After Albert, along with seven other anarchists, were eventually imprisoned or hung by the state for their beliefs in anarchism, Lucy Parsons achieved international fame in their defense and as a powerful orator and activist in her own right. The impact of Lucy Parsons on the history of the American anarchist and labor movements has served as an inspiration spanning now three centuries of social movements. Lucy Parsons' commitment to her causes, her fame surrounding the Haymarket affair, and her powerful orations had an enormous influence in world history in general and US labor history in particular. While today she is hardly remembered and ignored by conventional histories of the United States, the legacy of her struggles and her influence within these movements have left a trail of inspiration and passion that merits further attention by all those interested in human freedom, equality and social justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Anarchism, Pedro Riberio
    TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................2 2. The Principles of Anarchism, Lucy Parsons....................................................................3 3. Anarchism and the Black Revolution, Lorenzo Komboa’Ervin......................................10 4. Beyond Nationalism, But not Without it, Ashanti Alston...............................................72 5. Anarchy Can’t Fight Alone, Kuwasi Balagoon...............................................................76 6. Anarchism’s Future in Africa, Sam Mbah......................................................................80 7. Domingo Passos: The Brazilian Bakunin.......................................................................86 8. Where Do We Go From Here, Michael Kimble..............................................................89 9. Senzala or Quilombo: Reflections on APOC and the fate of Black Anarchism, Pedro Riberio...........................................................................................................................91 10. Interview: Afro-Colombian Anarchist David López Rodríguez, Lisa Manzanilla & Bran- don King........................................................................................................................96 11. 1996: Ballot or the Bullet: The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Electoral Process in the U.S. and its relation to Black political power today, Greg Jackson......................100 12. The Incomprehensible
    [Show full text]
  • Markets Not Capitalism Explores the Gap Between Radically Freed Markets and the Capitalist-Controlled Markets That Prevail Today
    individualist anarchism against bosses, inequality, corporate power, and structural poverty Edited by Gary Chartier & Charles W. Johnson Individualist anarchists believe in mutual exchange, not economic privilege. They believe in freed markets, not capitalism. They defend a distinctive response to the challenges of ending global capitalism and achieving social justice: eliminate the political privileges that prop up capitalists. Massive concentrations of wealth, rigid economic hierarchies, and unsustainable modes of production are not the results of the market form, but of markets deformed and rigged by a network of state-secured controls and privileges to the business class. Markets Not Capitalism explores the gap between radically freed markets and the capitalist-controlled markets that prevail today. It explains how liberating market exchange from state capitalist privilege can abolish structural poverty, help working people take control over the conditions of their labor, and redistribute wealth and social power. Featuring discussions of socialism, capitalism, markets, ownership, labor struggle, grassroots privatization, intellectual property, health care, racism, sexism, and environmental issues, this unique collection brings together classic essays by Cleyre, and such contemporary innovators as Kevin Carson and Roderick Long. It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism. “We on the left need a good shake to get us thinking, and these arguments for market anarchism do the job in lively and thoughtful fashion.” – Alexander Cockburn, editor and publisher, Counterpunch “Anarchy is not chaos; nor is it violence. This rich and provocative gathering of essays by anarchists past and present imagines society unburdened by state, markets un-warped by capitalism.
    [Show full text]
  • GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In
    NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Harveysburg on Caesar's Creek Thursday, January 25, 2007
    Harveysburg on Caesar's Creek Thursday, January 25, 2007 Warner W. Curtis 1869 ~ 1969 Warner W. Curtis was one of the children of James and Lucy Pinn Curtis. His father, James Curtis had 29 children all together. He was born on his father's farm on the site of the Battle of Bull Run in Virginia. Warner Curtis entered Wayland Seminary in Washington D. C. when he was 22 years old. Without funds and having to work, Warner studied hard he graduated. Following his graduation he married Miss Georgiana Randolph (went by both "Dolly" and "Anna"), became a farmer, a school teacher, NAACP branch president and YMCA night secretary. A short time before 1910 they purchased a 58 acre farm in Harveysburg, Ohio and raised a variety of crops. He also taught school in the Black School in Harveysburg. By 1920 they had moved to Chillicothe, Ohio where he was an orderly in a hospital operating room and served as president of the NAACP branch. In 1926, Warner and Anna moved to Cleveland, Ohio. There he worked in the Cedar YMCA. In 1941 he became the elevator operator at Fenn College and served seven years until he became ill. In his old age he became a noted "do-gooder" in his neighborhood, along E. 93rd Street in Cleveland. Neighbors would wake up and find their lawns mowed or their sidewalks cleaned. Sadly, his beloved wife of over fifty years died 1946. Warner was voted Man of the Year in 1965 by the Karamu Golden Age Club. A religious man, he never smoked and had only one drink in his long lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • Haymarket Riot (Chicago: Alexander J
    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 HAYMARKET MARTYRS1 MONUMENT Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service______________________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Haymarket Martyrs' Monument Other Name/Site Number: 2. LOCATION Street & Number: 863 South Des Plaines Avenue Not for publication: City/Town: Forest Park Vicinity: State: IL County: Cook Code: 031 Zip Code: 60130 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): Public-Local: _ District: Public-State: _ Site: Public-Federal: Structure: Object: Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing ___ buildings ___ sites ___ structures 1 ___ objects 1 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register:_Q_ Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: Designated a NATIONAL HISTrjPT LANDMARK on by the Secreury 01 j^ tai-M NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 HAYMARKET MARTYRS' MONUMENT Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National_P_ark Service___________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this __ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Firebrand and the Forging of a New Anarchism: Anarchist Communism and Free Love Fall 2004
    The Firebrand and the Forging ofa New Anarchism: Anarchist Communism and Free Love Jessica Moran Fall 2004 Contents Firebrand and its Editors ........................... 8 What is Anarchist Communism? ...................... 12 Anarchism and Sex ............................. 15 Conclusion .................................. 19 2 In January 1895 a small paper appeared in Portland, Oregon. Titled Firebrand, and staunchly and openly advocating anarchist communism and free love, the pa- per was instrumental in the development of American anarchism. The paper sys- tematically brought working-class anarchism and social revolution to an English speaking audience for the first time, influencing the direction of anarchism inthe United States for the next twenty years. Understanding the pivotal position of Fire- brand in what is often considered a dormant period in American anarchist history, is necessary to comprehending the evolution of anarchism in the United States. The American anarchist movement thrived in the last part of the 1890s. Firebrand fos- tered the growth of an anarchist movement that incorporated the economic change fought for by the Haymarket anarchists, along with social issues like free love and individual freedom long advocated by individualist anarchists. Published between 1895 and 1897, Firebrand helped reinvigorate the anarchist movement, and intro- duced an important development that remained part of the anarchist movement throughout the twentieth century. By combining the economic and political argu- ments of anarchist communism with the social and cultural ideas of free love, Fire- brand and its contributors consciously developed an anarchism that appealed to both immigrant and native-born Americans. The anarchism discussed and worked out in the pages of Firebrand influenced and perhaps even formed the American an- archism appearing after the turn of the century, which gained popular expression throughout the Progressive Era.
    [Show full text]
  • The Meaning of Anarchism Via Twelve Libertarians
    The Meaning of Anarchism via twelve libertarians Part 2: The Founding Mothers Iain McKay www.anarchistfaq.org Overview Anarchism is a much misunderstood and much misrepresented theory. Rejecting the chaos of capitalism and statism, it seeks to create the order of libertarian socialism, a free society of free associates. To discover more, please join Iain McKay (author of An Anarchist FAQ) for an exploration of libertarian ideas by means of six male and six female anarchist thinkers and activists. Over two nights, the lives and ideas of the founding fathers and mothers of anarchism – including Michael Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin, Louise Michel and Emma Goldman – will be discussed and their continuing relevance highlighted. Founding Mothers, 1840 to 1940 •André Léo •Louise Michel •Lucy Parsons •Voltairine de Cleyre •Emma Goldman •Marie-Louise Berneri The Meaning of Anarchism Freedom within association Ownership undivided, use divided • Liberty • Socialisation (free access) • Free Association • Use rights (possession) • Equality • Federalism • Self-management • Decentralisation • Solidarity • Decentred • Direct Action • Functional Democracy Libertarian socialism Tyrannies, home and away • Critique both public and private hierarchy • Opposition to State – government replaced by federalism • Opposition to Capital – wage-labour replaced by association • But at home? • Proudhon defended patriarchy • “with which most modern writers will, of course, not agree” (Kropotkin) • Opposition to Patriarchy on the left • Often lip-service, often not even that
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association
    January 2007 Volume 80, Issue 3 Proceedings and Addresses of The American Philosophical Association apa The AmericAn PhilosoPhicAl Association Pacific Division Program University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716 www.apaonline.org The American Philosophical Association Pacific Division Eighty-First Annual Meeting The Westin St. Francis San Francisco, CA April 3 - 8, 2007 Proceedings and Addresses of The American Philosophical Association Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association (ISSN 0065-972X) is published five times each year and is distributed to members of the APA as a benefit of membership and to libraries, departments, and institutions for $75 per year. It is published by The American Philosophical Association, 31 Amstel Ave., University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716. Periodicals Postage Paid at Newark, DE and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Proceedings and Addresses, The American Philosophical Association, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716. Editor: David E. Schrader Phone: (302) 831-1112 Publications Coordinator: Erin Shepherd Fax: (302) 831-8690 Associate Editor: Anita Silvers Web: www.apaonline.org Meeting Coordinator: Linda Smallbrook Proceedings and Addresses of The American Philosophical Association, the major publication of The American Philosophical Association, is published five times each academic year in the months of September, November, January, February, and May. Each annual volume contains the programs for the meetings of the three Divisions; the membership list; Presidential Addresses; news of the Association, its Divisions and Committees, and announcements of interest to philosophers. Other items of interest to the community of philosophers may be included by decision of the Editor or the APA Board of Officers.
    [Show full text]
  • Kropotkin in America
    PAULAVRICH KROPOTKIN IN AMERICA It is a well-established fact that foreign immigrants and visitors played a major role in the emergence of American anarchism. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, European-born artisans and peasants — Germans and Czechs, Italians and Spaniards, Russians and Jews — constituted the mass base of the movement, while its intellectual leadership included well-known speakers and writers from diverse countries, who came either as permanent settlers or on extended lecture tours. Among the Russians, Michael Bakunin spent nearly two months in the United States after his flight from Siberia in 1861.1 Stepniak (S. M. Kravchinsky) went there to lecture in 1891, N. V. Chaikovsky to join a Utopian community and again to raise funds for the Russian revolutionary movement. The flood of Russian immigrants before and during the First World War included V. M. Eikhenbaum ("Volin"), Efim Yarchuk, Aaron and Fanny Baron, Boris Yelensky and William Shatoff, not to mention Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, who had arrived in the 188O's. After the Bolshevik consolidation of power came such figures as Gregory Maximoff, Abba Gordin and Mark Mratchny, who recently died in New York, the last of the Russian anarchists with an international reputation. (Maximoff died in Chicago in 1950 and Alexander Schapiro in New York in 1946, a refugee from Hitler's invasion of France.) Of all the Russian visitors, however, it was Peter Kropotkin who made the greatest impression. The leading figure in the international anarchist movement since Bakunin's death in 1876, Kropotkin was a founder of both the British and Russian anarchist movements, and exerted a strong in- fluence on anarchists throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record- Senate. March 21
    .. 3108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. MARCH 21, San Francisco, Cal., for an appropriation for the purpose of di­ praying for the enactment of legislation to prohibit polygamy; verting the waters of the Mormon Channel into Calaveras River­ which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. He also presented a petition of Bricklayers, Masons, and Plas­ Also, resolutions of the California Miners' Association, San terers' Local Union No. 13, American Federation of Labor, of Francisco, Cal., favoring the creation of a Cabinet department of Taunton, Mass., and a petition of the Granite Cutters' Local mines and mining, and for the enactment of the so-called mineral­ Union, American Federation of Labor, of New Bedford, ]\{ass., lands bill-to the Committee on Mines and Mining. praying for the reenactment of the Chinese exclusion law; which By Mr. WRIGHT: Resolutions of Machinists' Union No. 305, were ordered to lie on the table. of Susquehanna, Pa., favoring reenactment of the Chinese-exclu­ Mr. MITCHELL presented a petition of Carpente1·s' Local sion law-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Union No. 536, American Federation of Labor, of Baker City, Also, resolutions of Machinists' Union No. 305, of Susquehanna, Oreg., praying for the enactment of legislation providing an edu­ Pa., favoring the construction of war vessels in the United States cational test for immigrants to this country; which was ordered - navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. to lie on the table. By Mr. YOUNG: PetitionoftheAtlantic Coast Seamen's Union, He also presented petitions of Mount Hood Division, No.
    [Show full text]