January 2007 Volume 80, Issue 3 Proceedings and Addresses of The American Philosophical Association apa The AmericAn PhilosoPhicAl Association Pacific Division Program University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716 www.apaonline.org The American Philosophical Association Pacific Division Eighty-First Annual Meeting The Westin St. Francis San Francisco, CA April 3 - 8, 2007 Proceedings and Addresses of The American Philosophical Association Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association (ISSN 0065-972X) is published five times each year and is distributed to members of the APA as a benefit of membership and to libraries, departments, and institutions for $75 per year. It is published by The American Philosophical Association, 31 Amstel Ave., University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716. Periodicals Postage Paid at Newark, DE and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Proceedings and Addresses, The American Philosophical Association, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716. Editor: David E. Schrader Phone: (302) 831-1112 Publications Coordinator: Erin Shepherd Fax: (302) 831-8690 Associate Editor: Anita Silvers Web: www.apaonline.org Meeting Coordinator: Linda Smallbrook Proceedings and Addresses of The American Philosophical Association, the major publication of The American Philosophical Association, is published five times each academic year in the months of September, November, January, February, and May. Each annual volume contains the programs for the meetings of the three Divisions; the membership list; Presidential Addresses; news of the Association, its Divisions and Committees, and announcements of interest to philosophers. Other items of interest to the community of philosophers may be included by decision of the Editor or the APA Board of Officers. 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Copyright © 2007 by The American Philosophical Association ISSN 0065-972X Table of ConTenTs Letter from the Secretary-treaSurer ..............................................1 pacific DiviSion committeeS .............................................................9 mini-conference program .............................................................11 main program ...................................................................... 17 group program .................................................................... 73 main, group, anD mini-conference program participantS .... 93 group SeSSionS ................................................................... 123 graDuate StuDent traveL StipenD winnerS ......................... 127 SpeciaL SeSSionS SponSoreD by APA committeeS .................. 133 abStractS of coLLoquium anD SympoSium paperS ................ 135 APA pLacement Service information ................................... 187 pLacement Service regiStration form ................................. 195 paper SubmiSSion guiDeLineS ............................................... 197 minuteS of the 2006 pacific DiviSion executive committee meeting .......................................................... 201 minuteS of the 2006 pacific DiviSion buSineSS meeting ...... 205 2007 canDiDateS for office ................................................ 209 report of the aD hoc committee on by-Law amenDmentS .. 211 propoSeD pacific DiviSion byLaw amenDmentS .................... 217 propoSeD APA byLawS amenDmentS .................................... 221 caLL for propoSaLS for mini-conferenceS ......................... 239 LiSt of aDvertiSerS anD book exhibitorS ............................ 241 formS ................................................................................. 263 aDvance regiStration form, pacific .......................................265 hoteL reServation form, pacific............................................267 aDvance regiStration form, centraL .....................................269 hoteL reServation form, centraL ..........................................271 reception tabLe requeSt form, centraL ...............................273 reStaurantS anD attractionS .............................................. 275 chiLDcare information ........................................................ 289 hoteL DiagramS .................................................................. 290 Letter from the Secretary-treaSurer To All Members of the Association: The Executive Committee of the Pacific Division of the American Philosophical Association cordially invites you to attend the 81st annual meeting of the American Philosophical Association, Pacific Division. The meeting will be held at the Westin St. Francis in San Francisco, California, from Wednesday, April 4 through Sunday morning, April 8, 2007. 1. meeting Location and SpeciaL attractionS The APA Pacific Division will meet at the St. Francis Hotel on Union Square in the heart of San Francisco. The hotel is located on Powell Street, between Post and Geary, facing Union Square. The address is 335 Powell Street, San Francisco, California 94102-1875; telephone is 415-397-7000; and fax is 415-774-0124. One of the handful of classic and historic deluxe hotels in San Francisco, the Westin St. Francis has its own cable-car stop and a view overlooking Union Square. The St. Francis is the site of the high-end restaurant Mina. Mina is a two- star Michelin restaurant and also is the Wine Spectator’s pick for best San Francisco restaurant. Securing your reservation in advance is advised. Call 415-397-9222 (give name and dates of meeting for convention rates) or go to the Pacific Division page on the APA website for a hotel reservation form. The St. Francis remains a favorite stop for afternoon tea, and the lobby bar, The Onyx, expands the locations where philosophers can enjoy each other’s conversations. The hotel is within walking distance of Chinatown, the theater district, Yerba Buena Center, and the Museum of Modern Art, and of several smaller museums, as well as dozens of San Francisco’s finest restaurants and the new Westfield Center, the largest mall in the U.S. West. (See restaurant and attractions list in this Proceedings.) North Beach is a few minutes ride away on the cable car that stops in front of the hotel. For those of you who are museum goers, the Museum of Modern Art, within easy walking distance from the hotel, has a major exhibition of Picasso and his influence on American artists scheduled during the APA meeting dates. And a short ride on the bus from the corner in front of the hotel down Geary Street, or a one-station ride on BART (two blocks away down Powell Street) brings you to the Civic Center—featuring the Symphony, the Ballet, and the home of the Asian Art Museum. During the APA meeting dates, the Asian Art Museum has special exhibitions of the paintings, sculptures, and other objects of the princely state of Mewar in India and of Japanese baskets and sculptures. The newly rebuilt deYoung Museum in Golden Gate Park also 2 Proceedings and Addresses of the APA 80:3 invites a visit, not the least in order to join the debate about its architecture. The Palace of the Legion of Honor’s extensive European and sculpture collection, and its world famous print collection, are always worth a visit. In addition to these large museums, San Francisco has many small ones, including at least five within easy walking distance of the hotel. (See the list of San Francisco museums and galleries in this Proceedings.) For those aspiring to ascend speedily to the heights, five glass elevators zip up the 32-story tower in the Westin St. Francis at 1,000 feet per minute. Get in, press the 32 button, and soar upwards at about one floor per second as Coit Tower, the Financial District, and the Bay Bridge rush into view. The downward plummet is even more thrilling, especially for those who dare to press themselves against the glass and look down as they hurtle toward Union Square. (If this description doesn’t appeal to you, ask for one of the hotel’s plentiful supply of lower floor rooms.) Plan to spend some extra days in San Francisco. A list of museums, galleries, theaters, concert halls, restaurants, and clubs can be found in this Proceedings. If you are interested in taking a day trip to the Wine Country or Monterey, or heading for skiing in Tahoe, call the concierge at the St. Francis for booking advice. Reservations - A hotel reservation form can be found on the Pacific Division page of the APA website, and in this issue of the Proceedings. Reservations can be made by calling 415-397-7000. We urge you to make your reservations very early to assure that you obtain the APA convention rate of $179 for a single or double room. 2. traveL information Driving: (Dial 511 for latest traffic information) - From the South: Take 101 North to 4th St. exit onto Bryant St. Continue 1 block and turn left onto 3rd St., which becomes Kearny St. Cross the Market St. intersection at Geary and turn