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ETHOS WCS IS.Indd World Cities Summit Issue | JUNE 2008 Planning and Innovation 06 for City Success Alan Altshuler Th e Growth of Asian Cities 13 Th e Twin Pillars of 32 Bindu Lohani Estate Rejuvenation Tay Kim Poh Achieving Sustainable 18 Cities, Culture and Happiness 102 Urban Development Bruno S. Frey Cheong Koon Hean ADVISORY BOARD Chan Heng Kee – CEO and Dean, Civil Service College Chan Lai Fung – Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Law Chew Hock Yong – Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports Loh Khum Yean – Deputy Secretary (Industry), Ministry of Trade and Industry Ow Foong Pheng – Chief Executive Offi cer, JTC Corporation Andrew Tan – Deputy Secretary (International), Ministry of Foreign Affairs EDITORIAL TEAM June Gwee – Special Edition Editor | Sheila Ng – Assistant Editor Han Neng Hsiu – Editorial Advisor and Director (Special Projects) Alvin Pang | Stephanie Tan | Lai Wei Lin We welcome contributions, suggestions and letters to the Editor. The editorial team reserves the right to select, edit and publish articles according to its editorial policy. All correspondence should be directed to: The Editor, ETHOS Centre for Governance and Leadership Civil Service College 31 North Buona Vista Road Singapore 275983 Fax: +65 6775 8207 Email: [email protected] ©2008 Centre for Governance and Leadership, Civil Service College Published by the Civil Service College The Civil Service College (CSC) is a statutory board under the purview of the Public Service Division (Prime Minister’s Offi ce). Established in 1971, the College is an integrated learning institution comprising the Centre for Governance and Leadership, the Institute of Policy Development, the Institute of Public Administration, Public Service Centre of Organisational Excellence, CSC Consultants and CSC International. Its vision is to be the Heart of Learning Excellence and Development for the Singapore Public Service. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Editor and the Centre for Governance and Leadership, CSC. The opinions and views expressed in Ethos are those of the authors, and do not necessarily refl ect those of the Centre for Governance and Leadership, the Civil Service College or the Public Service Division. ISSN: 1793-3773 Website: http://www.cscollege.gov.sg/ethos CONTENTS World Cities Summit Issue, June 2008 03 Editorial 62 A City in a Garden Ng Lang 06 Planning and Innovation for City Success 69 Transformative Investments: Alan Altshuler Remaking American Cities for a New Century 13 The Growth of Asian Cities Bruce Katz and Julie Wagner Bindu Lohani 80 The Environment as Capital 18 Achieving Sustainable Dodo J. Thampapillai Urban Development Cheong Koon Hean 88 Human Development and Urbanism 32 The Twin Pillars of Richard Leete Estate Rejuvenation Tay Kim Poh 98 Diversity Through Migration Philippe Legrain 43 Designing Urban Journeys Yam Ah Mee 102 Cities, Culture and Happiness Bruno S. Frey 51 Waste Management and Economic Growth Lee Yuen Hee 3 EDITORIAL he story of how cities evolve and democracy. Professor Altshuler also and transform continues to compares Singapore’s development with T captivate and inspire. While that of the United States and discusses we marvel at the strength and power of some of the urban innovations in both cities in shaping the world economy and countries. Bruce Katz and Julie Wagner infl uencing societies, we also wonder from the Brookings Institution look at what the next generation of cities how a new class of urban interventions will look like. The key challenge for in the United States, which they term as policymakers and those who govern cities transformative investments, is helping to is how to enable sustainable renewal and change downtowns, neighbourhoods, re-invention so that these cities remain corridors, parks and open spaces, and as unique urban centres, resplendent waterfronts. These investments are in wealth, culture and creativity, while making a signifi cant impact on markets, functioning as attractive and practical people, city landscapes, and spinning off homes for an increasingly diverse and other urban possibilities. well-travelled community. Even as American cities seek to In conjunction with the inaugural re-invent themselves, cities in Asia World Cities Summit 2008: Liveable continue to grow exponentially. and Vibrant Cities, this special issue Statistics show that Asian cities would of Ethos features thoughts and ideas have to accommodate an additional from experts who have been involved 44 million people every year. Some in the development of cities. One of the of the key factors that can effectively determinants of success for any great enhance and transform Asian cities are city is how well it prepares for the next good urban governance, participatory generation. In an interview with Harvard decision-making processes, effective University’s Professor Alan Altshuler, urban management, and environmental he reaffi rms that the age of the city is consciousness. Dr Bindu Lohani of the far from being over. He outlines seven Asian Development Bank cites United factors that make a successful city. More Nations’ estimates that by 2010, 14 of the than just physical infrastructure, a city’s world’s 25 megacities will be in Asia and success and longevity are also dependent most will be in the developing countries on intangibles such as security, equity of Asia. One of the challenges for these ETHOS | World Cities Summit Issue | JUNE 2008 4 rapidly developing Asian cities is to of the Land Transport Authority. Mr Tay ensure that the city infrastructure keep recounts why and how the strategies of up with the economic and population upgrading and redevelopment are used growth in cities. Similarly, Dr Richard in the rejuvenation of housing estates Leete, former Resident Representative in Singapore, while Mr Yam highlights of the United Nations Development some of the key strategic thrusts Programme for Malaysia, Singapore that shape the city’s land transport and Brunei Darussalam, describes the development and policies, where land urban population growth of cities in transport has a social role in meeting Southeast Asia and urges those in urban the diverse needs of people who live in governance to have planning horizons the city. that extend beyond current needs, in At the same time, environmental anticipation of expected change. sustainability of the city is critical. Lee With a relatively young history Yuen Hee from the National Environment as a nation, Singapore has its own Agency proposes that a city’s economic unique challenges in city-making. For development does not have to mean an insight into its urban development, generating more waste. He describes chief executive offi cers of fi ve Singapore some of the strategies that the Agency public sector agencies share their policy has taken to reduce waste volume, challenges and experience. Cheong recycle, and minimise waste. Besides, Koon Hean of the Urban Redevelopment environmental consciousness has Authority explains the policy decisions substantial soft power—greenery as an and trade-offs in the city’s planning urban strategy can transform an entire and development. The balance between city and help shape a city’s identity. Ng central planning and organic growth, Lang of the National Parks Board refl ects or between redevelopment and on Singapore’s green policy experience conservation, should ultimately serve by reminding us that a city’s greenery Singapore’s development for the next 40 plan, through the conservation of the to 50 years. The city’s physical limitations natural heritage and biodiversity, is require different ways of thinking and one of the ways to develop the soul and planning. Discussions on the city’s key character of a city. The same philosophy infrastructural developments such as on the importance of the environment is housing and land transport policies are echoed by Professor Dodo J. Thampapillai helmed by Tay Kim Poh of the Housing from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public & Development Board and Yam Ah Mee Policy, who advocates that environmental ETHOS | World Cities Summit Issue | JUNE 2008 5 economics should play a key role in with us. They have shown that we public governance as well as the training remain at the tip of the iceberg in our and education of policymakers so that understanding and discoveries about they can make substantial contributions city-making. The next chapter in the to the development of urban policies of history of cities will demand just as cities. much grit and imagination, and how A city that is energetic, inspiring and the narrative will unfold is very much vibrant also has an equally gregarious in our hands. and enthusiastic community—one that We hope that you will enjoy this comprises people from a variety of special issue. nationalities and diverse backgrounds. London School of Economics’ Philippe June Gwee Legrain reminds us that the richness Special Edition Editor of cities derives not just from their World Cities Summit Issue locations but also from the interaction of their diverse populations. Cities are appealing for many because of the sense of future and opportunity that they present. He believes that migration into cities is a source of new ideas and innovation which ultimately contributes to the city’s economy. Furthermore, diversity begets cultural variety which adds to a city’s vibrancy.
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